| isoelectric points for the mycelium of fungi. | 1. mycelium of rhizopus nigricans when stained with certain acid and basic dyes and washed with buffer mixtures of 0.1 m phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide responded much like an amphoteric colloid with an isoelectric point near ph 5.0. 2. when grown on potato dextrose agar the reaction of which was varied with phosphoric acid the extent of colony growth of rhizopus nigricans plotted against the initial sörensen value of the agar produced a double maximum curve with the minimum between the two ... | 1924 | 19872067 |
| molecular characterization of mucor circinelloides and rhizopus stolonifer strains isolated from some saudi fruits. | thirteen strains of mucor circinelloides and nine strains of rhizopus stolonifer were collected from different saudi fruits. also, two strains of m. circinelloides and one strain of r. stolonifer isolated from soil were used in this study to analyze the genetic diversity among these 25 strains. the dendrogram constructed from random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction results using two primers (v6 and m13) showed no correlation between clustering system and sources of isolation f ... | 2010 | 19877768 |
| a combination of heat treatment and pichia guilliermondii prevents cherry tomato spoilage by fungi. | this study investigated the effectiveness of heat treatment and pichia guilliermondii, either alone or in combination, to combat postharvest fungal spoilage in cherry tomato fruit. in vitro experiments demonstrated that heat treatment at 38 degrees c significantly inhibited mycelial growth of three different pathogens (botrytis cinerea, alternaria alternata and rhizopus stolonifer ehrenb). in vivo experiments unveiled that either heat treatment or p. guilliermondii reduced decay caused by these ... | 2010 | 19923029 |
| [7alpha-hydroxylation of steroid 5-olefins by mold fungi]. | hydroxylation activity of the mold fungi belonging to the orders dothideales, hypocreales, and mucorales towards delta(5)-3beta-hydroxysteroids was studied. the fungi bipolaris sorokiniana, fusarium sp., and rhizopus nigricans were able to introduce hydroxy group at position 7alpha; however, this ability was detected only at a low substrate load and with a low yield. a 7alpha-hydroxylase activity of the curvularia lunata vkpm f-981 culture was shown for the first time. it was demonstrated that t ... | 2010 | 20198922 |
| biocrystallization of silver and gold ions by inactive cell filtrate of rhizopus stolonifer. | microbes and their cell filtrates are known to synthesize metal nanoparticles. but maintenance of aseptic conditions and irregularly shaped and sized nanoparticles are major drawbacks of the system. in this study cell filtrate from inactive biomass of rhizopus stolonifer was used for the first time to produce near uniformly sized and shaped ag and au nanoparticles at room temperature. the size of ag and au nanoparticles were found in the range of 25-30 nm and 1-5 nm, respectively. uv-vis spectru ... | 2010 | 20627484 |
| ntkti1, a kunitz trypsin inhibitor with antifungal activity from nicotiana tabacum, plays an important role in tobacco's defense response. | a cdna library from tobacco inoculated with rhizoctonia solani was constructed, and several cdna fragments were identified by differential hybridization screening. one cdna clone that was dramatically repressed, ntkti1, was confirmed as a member of the kunitz plant proteinase inhibitor family. rt-pcr analysis revealed that ntkti1 was constitutively expressed throughout the whole plant and preferentially expressed in the roots and stems. furthermore, rt-pcr analysis showed that ntkti1 expression ... | 2010 | 20735473 |
| an attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from mediterranean plants. | twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested at different doses against four fungi known as causal agents of post-harvest orange fruit rot: botrytis cinerea, penicillium italicum, phytophthora citrophthora, and rhizopus stolonifer. essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis, and thymus vulgaris (family lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (family ... | 2010 | 20874226 |
| influence of growth regulators and elicitors on cell growth and α-tocopherol and pigment productions in cell cultures of carthamus tinctorius l. | the present study examined the effects of plant growth hormones, incubation period, biotic (trametes versicolor, mucor sp., penicillium notatum, rhizopus stolonifer, and fusarium oxysporum) and abiotic (nacl, mgso(4), feso(4), znso(4), and fecl(3)) elicitors on cell growth and α-tocopherol and pigment (red and yellow) productions in carthamus tinctorius cell cultures. the cell growth and α-tocopherol and pigment contents improved significantly on murashige and skoog (ms) liquid medium containing ... | 2010 | 21120469 |
| identification and partial characterization of rhizopus nigricans gβ proteins and their expression in the presence of progesterone. | the mammalian steroid hormone progesterone actuates a signalling pathway in the zygomycete rhizopus nigricans which includes heterotrimeric g proteins. to investigate the possibility that the gβ subunit of these proteins is involved in the signalling, a cdna library from r. nigricans exposed to progesterone was prepared and a sequence coding for a gβ subunit was searched for. using degenerate primers, two sequences, rngpb1 and rngpb2, were identified that exhibited a high degree of identity with ... | 2010 | 21195176 |
| interactions between various microbes and ginseng botanicals. | three kinds of interactions occur between ginseng botanicals and microorganisms: a) spoilage of the botanical by various fungi (e.g., aspergillus, penicillium, alternaria, and eurotium species) and bacteria; b) transformation of ginsenosides into more bioactive forms by bacteria such as intrasporangium sp. gs603, microbacterium sp. gs514, caulobacter leidyia, bifidobacterium sp. int57, bifidobacterium sp. sj32, fusobacterium sp. and bacteroides sp., and moulds (e.g., aspergillus niger, fusarium ... | 2011 | 21254831 |
| screening filamentous tropical fungi for their nutritional potential as sources of crude proteins, lipids and minerals. | the use of fungal and yeast biomass in foodstuff, either as supplements or as major ingredients in formulations is an area of growing interest for the modern food industry. the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of biomasses obtained from filamentous fungi penicillium sclerotiorum, penicillium janthinellum, rhizopus stolonifer and syncephalastrum racemosum. biomasses presented 26-37% of total proteins, 1.7-3.5% of lipids and 4.6-9.1% of ashes. the humidity level reached ... | 2010 | 21339148 |
| antifungal activity and mechanism of fengycin in the presence and absence of commercial surfactin against rhizopus stolonifer. | the antifungal activity and mechanism of fengycin in the presence and absence of commercial surfactin against rhizopus stolonifer were investigated. the mic (minimal inhibitory concentration) of fengycin without commercial surfactin added was 0.4 mg/ml while the mic of fengycin with commercial surfactin added was 2.0 mg/ml. fengycin acted on cell membrane and cellular organs and inhibited dna synthesis. the antifungal effect of fengycin was reduced after commercial surfactin was added. all these ... | 2011 | 21369992 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a delta 6-fatty acid desaturase gene from rhizopus stolonifer strain yf6 which can accumulate high levels of gamma-linolenic acid. | the delta 6-desaturase gene was cloned from rhizopus stolonifer, which could accumulate up to 49% of gamma-linolenic acid (gla, c18:3 ?(6,9,12)) to the total fatty acids. the cloned dna contains a 1,380 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 460 amino acids, which showed high similarity to those of fungal delta 6-desaturases with three conserved histidine-rich motifs and hpgg motif. notably, this deduced sequence had a shorter c-terminus. results demonstrated that the cdna sequence exhibite ... | 2011 | 21369993 |
| natural resistance of rose petals to microbial attack. | petals of red, yellow and white roses (rosa damascene mill.) of the family rosaceae were extracted with (1:1) methylene chloride/methanol and tested for their antimicrobial activities against four species of gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus), five species of gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens) and five species of fungi (penici ... | 2011 | 21614712 |
| the response of filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans to flavonoids. | the saprophytic fungus rhizopus nigricans constitutes a serious problem when thriving on gathered crops. the identification of any compounds, especially natural ones, that inhibit fungal growth, may therefore be important. during its life cycle, rhizopus nigricans encounters many compounds, among them the flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites that are involved in plant defense against pathogenic microorganisms. although not being a plant pathogen, rhizopus nigricans may interact with these com ... | 2011 | 21656793 |
| biotransformation of (20s)-20-hydroxymethylpregna-1,4-dien-3-one by four filamentous fungi. | microbial transformation of (20s)-20-hydroxymethylpregna-1,4-dien-3-one (1) by four filamentous fungi, cunninghamella elegans, macrophomina phaseolina, rhizopus stolonifer, and gibberella fujikuroi, afforded nine new, and two known metabolites 2-12. the structures of these metabolites were characterized through detailed spectroscopic analysis. these metabolites were obtained as a result of biohydroxylation of 1 at c-6ß, -7ß, -11a, -14a, -15ß, -16ß, and -17a positions, except metabolite 2 which c ... | 2011 | 21762714 |
| microbial transformations of (+)-isomenthol by fusarium lini and rhizopus stolonifer. | microbial transformation of (+)-isomenthol (1) by various strains of fungi was investigated. fusarium lini has successfully converted compound 1 into a new metabolite, 5+¦-hydroxyisomenthol (2), and a known metabolite, 1+¦-hydroxyisomenthol (3), whereas incubation with rhizopus stolonifer only yielded metabolite 3. the transformed metabolites were structurally characterized on the basis of their spectral data. | 2011 | 21720039 |
| Essential oil from Ocimum basilicum (Omani Basil): a desert crop. | The focus of the present study was on the influence of season on yield, chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Omani basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil. The present study involved only one of the eight Omani basil varieties. The hydro-distilled essential oil yields were computed to be 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.1% in the winter, spring and summer seasons, respectively. The major components identified were L- linalool (26.5-56.3%), geraniol (12.1-16.5%), 1,8-cineole (2.5-15.1%), p-allylan ... | 2011 | 22164790 |
| The antifungal, cytotoxic, antitermite and insecticidal activities of Zizyphus jujube. | Plants are very useful, self-generating machines, producing a variety of useful bioactive products. Keeping in view this idea, the crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Zizyphus jujuba were screened for antifungal, cytotoxic, antitermite and insecticidal activities. Low activity was shown by the crude methanolic extract (12%), n-hexane (9%), chloroform (20%) and ethyl acetate (14%) fraction against Penicillium notatum. Low activity was shown by the n-hexane fraction against Aspergill ... | 2011 | 21959810 |
| 11a-Hydroxylation of 16a,17-epoxyprogesterone by Rhizopus nigricans in a biphasic ionic liquid aqueous system. | 11a-Hydroxylation of 16a,17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) by Rhizopus nigricans is an essential step in the synthesis of many steroidal drugs, while low conversion of the biohydroxylation is a tough problem to be solved urgently in industry. Two ionic liquids (ILs) of [BMIm][PF(6)] and [BMIm][NTf(2)] were used in the biotransformation of EP by R. nigricans. The results indicated that the conversion carried out in [BMIm][PF(6)]-aqueous biphasic system was greatly increased to above 90% at 18 g/L feeding ... | 2011 | 21855322 |
| antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected togolese medicinal plants. | to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants. phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out. | 2011 | 22014738 |
| glucosinolate profiling and antimicrobial screening of aurinia leucadea (brassicaceae). | glucosinolates (gls) were characterized in various aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) of aurinia leucadea (guss.) c. koch and quantified according to the iso 9167-1 official method based on the hplc analysis of desulfoglucosinolates. eight gls, i.e., glucoraphanin (gra), glucoalyssin (gal; 1), gluconapin (gna; 2), glucocochlearin (gcc), glucobrassicanapin (gbn; 3), glucotropaeolin (gtl), glucoerucin (ger), and glucoberteroin (gbe) were identified. the total gl contents were 57.1, 37.8, an ... | 2011 | 22162169 |
| reduction of nectarine decay caused by rhizopus stolonifer, botrytis cinerea and penicillium digitatum with aloe vera gel alone or with the addition of thymol. | two nectarine cultivars ('flavela' and 'flanoba') were treated with aloe vera gel alone, or with the addition of thymol, and then inoculated with rhizopus stolonifer, botrytis cinerea and penicillium digitatum. both treatments were effective in reducing the decay incidence caused by the 3 fungi species, although the addition of thymol did not generally improve the efficacy of aloe vera gel on reducing the infection damage. the coatings were clearly effective in reducing the postharvest ripening ... | 2011 | 21974979 |
| Liriodenine, early antimicrobial defence in Annona diversifolia. | Annonaceae aporphine alkaloids, of which liriodenine is the most abundant, have not been extensively studied from a biological standpoint. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of liriodenine in antimicrobial defense during early developmental stages in Annona diversifolia. The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus, which are responsible for seed deterioration, were isolated during imbibition, and their antifungal activity was determined by diffusion, macrodilution, and ... | 2011 | 21950162 |
| isolation and identification of microbes associated with mobile phones in dammam in eastern saudi arabia. | this study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of mobile phones in the city of dammam, in the eastern region of saudi arabia, and identify the most important microbial species associated with these phones in order to take the necessary remedial measures. | 2010 | 22022665 |
| A new antifungal coumarin from Clausena excavata. | A new ?-lactone coumarin, named as excavarin-A, showing antifungal activity was isolated from the leaves of Clausena excavata by bioassay guided fractionation method. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and identified as 7((2E)-4(4,5-dihydro-3-methylene-2-oxo-5-furanyl)-3-methylbut-2-enyloxy) coumarin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against fifteen fungal strains pathogenic against plants and human. The least MIC was recorded against the human patho ... | 2012 | 22088496 |
| antifungal activity of essential oil from asteriscus graveolens against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. | the essential oils of the aerial parts of asteriscus graveolens have been studied using gc and gc-ms. twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil amounting to 94.9% of the total oil. the aerial part oils showed similar chromatographic profiles and were characterized by having a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with 6-oxocyclonerolidol (66.7% +/- 5.5) and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (8.8% +/-1.2) as the major components. the antifungal effect of the essential oil from a. grav ... | 2011 | 22224306 |
| antagonistic action of bacillus subtilis strain fmbj on the postharvest pathogen rhizopus stolonifer. | the antagonistic activities of bacillus subtilis fmbj against the rhizopus stolonifer pathogen causing peach soft rot disease were studied in this paper. bacillus subtilis fmbj exhibited a high antifungal effect on the mycelium growth, sportulation, and germ tube elongation of r. stolonifer with the inhibition rate of 86.5% and 97.42%, respectively, spore germination rate of 20% under antagonist strain concentration of 10⁸ cfu/ml. by using of scanning electron microscope (sem) and transmission e ... | 2011 | 22417435 |
| antifungal activity in ethanolic extracts of carica papaya l. cv. maradol leaves and seeds. | bioactive compounds from vegetal sources are a potential source of natural antifungic. an ethanol extraction was used to obtain bioactive compounds from carica papaya l. cv. maradol leaves and seeds of discarded ripe and unripe fruit. both, extraction time and the papaya tissue flour:organic solvent ratio significantly affected yield, with the longest time and highest flour:solvent ratio producing the highest yield. the effect of time on extraction efficiency was confirmed by qualitative identif ... | 2011 | 22282629 |
| influence of fungal elicitation on glycyrrhizin production in transformed cell cultures of abrus precatorius linn. | glycyrrhizin, obtained from abrus precatorius (indian liquorice), is a phytoconstituent of importance for pharmaceutical and food industries. | 2011 | 22262933 |
| currency notes and coins as a possible source of transmitting fungal pathogens of man and plants. | currency (notes and coins) handling by people during transaction is one of the most mobile objects within the community, which has a potential of transmitting pathogens. a survey carried out recently in nanded city (maharashtra) revealed heavy contamination of currency notes and coins by important fungal pathogens of plants and man, i.e. aspergillus niger (60.37%), a. flavus (3.98%), a.nidulans (0.2%), penicillium citrinum (17.80%), alternaria tenuis (0.20%), curvularia pallescens (0.20%), clado ... | 2011 | 23505834 |
| antifungal and antioxidative potential of oil and extracts derived from leaves of indian spice plant cinnamomum tamala. | plant—based antimicrobials and antioxidants represent a vast untapped source for medicines and food supplements and hence have enormous therapeutic potential. present work reports the fungicidal potential of cinnamomum tamala nees & eberm (lauraceae) leaf oil against five food spoilage and pathogenic fungi. in addition antioxidant efficacy of seven different solvent extracts derived from leaf was also evaluated using in vitro models. the oil demonstrated potent antifungal activity against asperg ... | 2012 | 23273204 |
| unraveling the protein network of tomato fruit in response to necrotrophic phytopathogenic rhizopus nigricans. | plants are endowed with a sophisticated defense mechanism that gives signals to plant cells about the immediate danger from surroundings and protects them from pathogen invasion. in the search for the particular proteins involved in fruit defense responses, we report here a comparative analysis of tomato fruit (solanum lycopersicum cv. ailsa craig) infected by rhizopus nigricans ehrenb, which is a significant contributor to postharvest rot disease in fresh tomato fruits. in total, four hundred f ... | 2013 | 24023804 |
| bioconversion of lignocellulose materials. | one of the most economically viable processes for the bioconversion of many lignocellulosic waste is represented by white rot fungi. phanerochaete chrysosporium is one of the important commercially cultivated fungi which exhibit varying abilities to utilize different lignocellulosic as growth substrate. examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the two organisms phanerochaete chrysosporium and rhizopus stolonifer show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variation in the m ... | 2006 | 24039492 |
| electrochemical, antifungal, antibacterial and dna cleavage studies of some co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii)-copolymer complexes. | cyclic voltammetric measurements were performed for co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) complexes of 1: 1alternating copolymer, poly(3-nitrobenzylidene-1-naphthylamine-co-succinic anhydride) (l) and ni(ii) and cu(ii) complexes of 1: 1alternating copolymer, poly(3-nitrobenzylidene-1-naphthylamine-co-methacrylic acid) (l1). the in vitro biological screening effects of the investigated compounds were tested against the fungal species including aspergillus niger, rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus flavu ... | 2008 | 23997637 |
| effect of plant extracts on book deteriorated fungal species. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts of four plants against some isolated fungal species from deteriorated books. aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of selected plant species were screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against some book deteriorating fungal species. fifteen species belonging to 09 genera were isolated and identified from infested books in library. aqueous and solvent extracts of leaves of azadiracta indica, callistemon citrinus, eucaly ... | 2016 | 27154063 |
| characterization of films based on chitosan lactate and its blends with oxidized starch and gelatin. | minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of chitosan lactate (chl) was tested against bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. then, the structural, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of films based on chl, oxidized potato starch (ops), and gelatin (gel) were investigated. with the exception of rhizopus nigricans, chl was effective against the target organisms. gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) were more sensitive to chl than gram-negative bacteria (pectobacte ... | 2015 | 25841370 |
| occupational exposure to airborne fungi in two croatian sawmills and atopy in exposed workers. | airborne fungi were collected over a one year period at 2-month intervals at 2 sawmills in croatia (sm 1 and sm 2) processing mainly beech wood and oak wood. a questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms and skin prick test (spt) with common inhalatory allergens and moulds cladosporium herbarum, alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger, penicillium notatum, and rhizopus nigricans were performed in 96 workers from the same sawmills. average concentrations of airborne fungi were 1,696-7,316 cfu/m ... | 2012 | 22742790 |
| growth rate inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by characterized chitosans. | the inhibitory effects of fifteen chitosans with different degrees of polymerization (dp) and different degrees of acetylation (fa) on the growth rates (gr) of four phytopathogenic fungi (alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum, and rhizopus stolonifer) were examined using a 96-well microtiter plate and a microplate reader. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the chitosans ranged from 100 μg ×ml(-1) to 1,000 μg ×ml(-1) depending on the fungus tested and the dp an ... | 2012 | 24031893 |
| screening of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) from rice paddy soil for antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. | soil cyanobacteria isolated from the rice paddy fields of 10 different locations across korea were evaluated by agar plate diffusion test for antifungal activity. aqueous, petroleum ether, and methanol extracts from one hundred and forty two cyanobacterial strains belonging to the 14 genera were examined for antifungal properties against seven phytopathogenic fungi causing diseases in hot pepper (capsicum annuum l). of total cyanobacteria, nine cyanobacteria (6.34%) exhibited antifungal effects. ... | 2006 | 24039487 |
| variation of soil mycoflora in decomposition of rice stubble from rice-wheat cropping system. | the colonization pattern and extent of decay produced in paddy stubble by soil inhabiting mycoflora were done by using nylon net bag technique. among the three methods used for isolation of fungi, dilution plate technique recorded the highest number of fungi followed by damp chamber and direct observation method. nutrient availability and climatic conditions (temperature, humidity and rainfall) influenced the occurrence and colonization pattern of fungi. maximum fungal population was recorded in ... | 2007 | 24015096 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of fungal rhinosinusitis pathogens. | filamentous fungi are among the most important pathogens, causing fungal rhinosinusitis (frs). current laboratory diagnosis of frs pathogens mainly relies on phenotypic identification by culture and microscopic examination, which is time consuming and expertise dependent. although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms has been employed to identify various fungi, its efficacy in the identification of frs fungi is less clear. | 2017 | 28100314 |
| antifungal activity of zataria multiflora essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in-vitro condition. | the aim of the present study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate solid lipid nanoparticles (slns) containing zataria multiflora essential oil (zeo). | 2016 | 27917280 |
| fungal biodeterioration, aflatoxin contamination, and nutrient value of "suya spices". | this work aimed to analyze the nutrient values, examine the biodeteriorating fungi biota, and analyze the mycotoxin contents of "suya spices." fungi with highest percentage occurrence on all the samples are aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium sp., rhizopus stolonifer, yeast, and trichoderma koningii. nutrient composition of the samples is significantly different statistically (p < 0.05) with high protein (9.53% to 13.17%), fiber (9.27 t ... | 2016 | 27092289 |
| assessment of allergenicity to fungal allergens of rohtak city, haryana, india. | fungal spores are known as one of the important bioparticles causing allergic manifestation in human beings. hence, knowledge of season and prevalence of the airborne allergens to which the patients are exposed is a prerequisite for proper diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders in hypersensitive individuals. keeping this in view, aerial survey was performed in the atmosphere of rohtak city for 2 consecutive years (march 2008-february 2010), using a volumetric petri plate sampler. a total ... | 2014 | 24988378 |
| generation of the volatile spiroketals conophthorin and chalcogran by fungal spores on polyunsaturated fatty acids common to almonds and pistachios. | the spiroketal (e)-conophthorin has recently been reported as a semiochemical of the navel orangeworm moth, a major insect pest of california pistachios and almonds. conophthorin and the isomeric spiroketal chalcogran are most commonly known as semiochemicals of several scolytid beetles. conophthorin is both an insect- and plant-produced semiochemical widely recognized as a nonhost plant volatile from the bark of several angiosperm species. chalcogran is the principal aggregation pheromone compo ... | 2012 | 23153034 |
| mycobiota and mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxin) associated with some saudi date palm fruits. | this study aimed to determine the mycological profile of the retail date fruits distributed in different markets at taif, saudi arabia. the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a was also measured. twenty-two fungal species belonging to 12 genera were isolated from 50 different date samples. aspergillus flavus, a. niger, penicillium chrysogenum, and rhizopus stolonifer were the most prevalent species among isolated fungi. eighty isolates of a. flavus and 36 of a. niger were detected for their a ... | 2012 | 22568750 |
| novel copper-based therapeutic agent for anti-inflammatory: synthesis, characterization, and biochemical activities of copper(ii) complexes of hydroxyflavone schiff bases. | four hydroxyflavone derivatives have been synthesized with the aim of obtaining a good model of superoxide dismutase. better to mimic the natural metalloenzyme, copper complexes have been designed. the cu(ii) complexes of general formulae, [cul] where l = 5-hydroxyflavone-o-phenylenediamine (l¹h₂)/m-phenylenediamine (l²h₂) and 3-hydroxyflavone-o-phenylenediamine (l³h₂)/m-phenylenediamine (l⁴h₂) have been synthesized. the structural features have been determined from their analytical and spectral ... | 2012 | 22238015 |
| antifungal activities of copper(ii) with biosensitive macrocyclic schiff base ligands derived from 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives. | novel copper(ii) complexes have been synthesized from the macrocyclic schiff bases derived from knoevenagel condensed β-ketoanilides (obtained by the condensation of acetoacetanilide and substituted benzaldehydes), 4-aminoantipyrine and o-phenylene diamine. the structural features have been determined from their analytical and spectral data. all the cu(ii) complexes exhibit square planar geometry. their high molar conductance values support their 1: 2 electrolytic nature. the magnetic moment dat ... | 2009 | 23983523 |
| effect of some food preservatives on the lipolytic activity of beef luncheon fungi. | beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including egypt. thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in qena. alternaria, aspergillus, emericella, mucor, mycosphaerella, penicillium and rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. from the above genera, the most prevalent species were alternaria alternate, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigat ... | 2008 | 23997619 |
| antibacterial and antifungal studies on some schiff base complexes of zinc(ii). | two schiff base ligands l1and l2 were obtained by the condensation of glycylglycine respectively with imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and indole-3-carboxaldehyde and their complexes with zn(ii) were prepared and characterized by microanalytical, conductivity measurement, ir, uv-vis., xrd and sem. the molar conductance measurement indicates that the zn(ii) complexes are 1: 1electrolytes. the ir data demonstrate the tetradentate binding of l1and tridentate binding of l2. the xrd data show that zn(ii) c ... | 2008 | 23990740 |
| synthesis and spectral characterization of antifungal sensitive schiff base transition metal complexes. | new n2o2 donor type schiff base has been designed and synthesized by condensing acetoacetanilido-4-aminoantipyrine with 2-aminobenzoic acid in ethanol. solid metal complexes of the schiff base with cu(ii), ni(ii), co(ii), mn(ii), zn(ii), vo(iv), hg(ii) and cd(ii) metal ions were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, molar conduction, fast atom bombardment (fab) mass, ir, uv-vis, and (1)h nmr spectral studies. the data show that the complexes have the compo ... | 2007 | 24015086 |
| antifungal activities of biorelevant complexes of copper(ii) with biosensitive macrocyclic ligands. | four copper(ii) complexes have been prepared using macrocyclic ligands. the macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of diethyl phthalate with schiff bases derived from o-phenylene diamine and knoevenagel condensed β-ketoanilides (obtained by the condensation of acetoacetanilide and substituted benzaldehydes). the ligands and copper complexes have been characterized on the basis of microanalytical, mass, uv-vis., ir and cv spectral studies, as well as conductivity d ... | 2006 | 24039502 |
| incidence of mycoflora and mycotoxins in some edible fruits and seeds of forest origin. | twelve fungi namelyalternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, a niger, a ochraceus, actinomucor repens, capnodoium spp., curvularia lunata, fusarium pallidoroseum, f solani, f verticillioides, penicillium citrinum and rhizopus stolonifer were recorded from samples ofaegle marmelos, aesculus indica, buchanania lanzan andpinus gerardiana. in case ofprunus amygdalus only rstolonifer was recorded. a significant variation in pattern of mycoflora incidence was observed in terms of source and season. fu ... | 2001 | 23605675 |
| mycologic endocrinology. | the interactions of fungi and chemical messenger molecules, hormones or pheromones, are addressed in this chapter. these interactions include mammalian fungal pathogens, also plant pathogens, or non-pathogenic fungi, which can result in functional responses in receptor- or non-receptor-mediated fashions. endogenous ligands in the fungi have been demonstrated to be important for mating in a number of systems. mammalian hormones have been demonstrated to have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on g ... | 2016 | 26589227 |
| transcriptomic and morphological profiling of aspergillus fumigatus af293 in response to antifungal activity produced by lactobacillus plantarum 16. | the morphological effects of an antifungal activity produced by lactobacillus plantarum 16, a malt-production steep water isolate, on two food-associated fungi were examined microscopically. spore germination was completely inhibited in aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus stolonifer upon treatment with concentrated cell-free supernatant (ccfs) of strain 16. furthermore, addition of antifungal ccfs to germ tubes and hyphae halted further development compared to untreated controls. transcriptome an ... | 2013 | 23876797 |
| broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models. | a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ... | 2013 | 23160868 |
| microbial diversity in the gut of cashew stem girdler, analeptes trifasciata fabricius (coleoptera: cerambycidae), in ibadan, nigeria. | the cashew stem girdler, analeptes trifasciata, is a major insect pest of cashew in nigeria causing economic damage in cashew plantations even at low density. in this study, newly emerged adults of a. trifasciata reared from field-infested cashew stems were collected from the rearing cages, sexed, and dissected to reveal the internal structures of the insects. the gut was excised and separated into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. the dissected gut compartments were blotted dry by sandwiching i ... | 2016 | 27147898 |
| coatings comprising chitosan and mentha piperita l. or mentha × villosa huds essential oils to prevent common postharvest mold infections and maintain the quality of cherry tomato fruit. | in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of coatings comprising shrimp chitosan (chi) and mentha piperita l. (mpeo) or mentha × villosa huds (mveo) essential oils to control mold infections caused by aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum and rhizopus stolonifer in cherry tomato fruits (solanum lycopersicum l.) during storage at room temperature (25°c for 12 days) and low temperature (12°c for 24 days). the effects of the coatings on the physicochemical and sensory characteris ... | 2015 | 26313246 |
| antifungal activity of plant extracts against aspergillus niger and rhizopus stolonifer. | despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential. herein we present the antifungal properties of more than 50 plant extracts against two important human and agricultural pathogens, aspergillus niger and rhizopus stolonifer. multiple extracts exhibit promising mic values of less than 100 μg/ml and are reported for bo ... | 2014 | 25532291 |
| effects of post-harvest treatment using chitosan from mucor circinelloides on fungal pathogenicity and quality of table grapes during storage. | the aim of this study was to extract chitosan (chi) from mucor circinelloides ucp 050 grown in a corn steep liquor (csl)-based medium under optimized conditions and to assess the efficacy of the obtained chi to inhibit the post-harvest pathogenic fungi aspergillus niger urm 5162 and rhizopus stolonifer urm 3482 in laboratory media and as a coating on table grapes (vitis labrusca l.). the effect of chi coating on some physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during stor ... | 2014 | 25084665 |
| synthesis of mannich bases: 2-(3-phenylaminopropionyloxy)-benzoic acid and 3-phenylamino-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one, their toxicity, ionization constant, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. | mannich bases 2-(3-phenylaminopropionyloxy)-benzoic acid (a) and 3-phenylamino-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (b) were synthesized. structures were confirmed by ultraviolet/visible and infra-red spectroscopies. the ionization constant (pka) values at 8.3 and 8.0 reported for compounds a and b, respectively, indicated that protonation might occur at physiological ph. the lc50 values of 145,595 μg/ml (a) and 82,526 μg/ml (b) obtained from brine shrimp lethality testing showed that both c ... | 2014 | 25038706 |
| antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (amps lr14) derived from lactobacillus plantarum strain lr/14 and their applications in prevention of grain spoilage. | the concern for food safety has led to an increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobials. keeping this aim in mind, we have investigated the antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (amps lr14) produced by lactobacillus plantarum strain lr/14 against four spoilage fungi, namely, aspergillus niger, rhizopus stolonifer, mucor racemosus and penicillium chrysogenum. interestingly, all the four fungi were inhibited, suggesting that amps lr14 exhibited anti-fungal property. the pepti ... | 2014 | 24929709 |
| fungal mediated generation of mammalian metabolites of fenofibrate and enhanced pharmacological activity of the main metabolite fenofibric acid. | different fungi viz. aspergillus niger ncim 589, a.ochraceous ncim 1140, cunninghamella blakesleeana ncim 687, c. echinulata ncim 691, rhizopus stolonifer ncim 880, mucor rouxi mtcc 386, trichothecium roseum ncim 1147 were screened for their potential to biotransform anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-hypertriglyceridemia drug, fenofibrate to fenofibric acid, the active metabolite and other mammalian metabolites. among the fungi screened c. blakesleeana transformed fenofibrate to fenofibric acid and o ... | 2014 | 24910236 |
| optimization of xylanase production by filamentous fungi in solid-state fermentation and scale-up to horizontal tube bioreactor. | five microorganisms, namely aspergillus niger cect 2700, a. niger cect 2915, a. niger cect 2088, aspergillus terreus cect 2808, and rhizopus stolonifer cect 2344, were grown on corncob to produce cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, mainly xylanases, by solid-state fermentation (ssf). a. niger cect 2700 produced the highest amount of xylanases of 504 ± 7 u/g dry corncob (dcc) after 3 days of fermentation. the optimization of the culture broth (5.0 g/l nano3, 1.3 g/l (nh4)2so4, 4.5 g/l kh2 ... | 2014 | 24728763 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of three geophytic plant extracts against three post-harvest pathogenic fungi. | plant extracts appear to be one of the most effective alternative methods of plant diseases control which are less harmful to human beings and environment. in vitro antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of three promising wild geophytic plants against three post-harvest pathogenic fungi using radial growth technique was conducted. these extracts included the shoot system (s) and underground parts (r) of asparagus stipularis, cyperus capitatus and stipagrostis lanata. the tested fungi were a ... | 2013 | 24506036 |
| synthesis of some potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites by fungal transformation of anabolic steroid oxymetholone. | biotransformation of organic compounds by using microbial whole cells provides an efficient approach to obtain novel analogues which are often difficult to synthesize chemically. in this manuscript, we report for the first time the microbial transformation of a synthetic anabolic steroidal drug, oxymetholone, by fungal cell cultures. | 2012 | 23237028 |
| efficacy of the application of a coating composed of chitosan and origanum vulgare l. essential oil to control rhizopus stolonifer and aspergillus niger in grapes (vitis labrusca l.). | this study evaluated the efficacy of the combined application of chitosan (chi) and origanum vulgare l. essential oil (ov) in the inhibition of rhizopus stolonifer urm 3728 and aspergillus niger urm 5842 on laboratory media and on grapes (vitis labrusca l.) and its influence on the physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during storage (25 °c, 12 days and 12 °c, 24 days). the application of mixtures of different chi and ov concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 2012 | 22986200 |
| novel agents for enzymatic and fungal hydrolysis of stevioside. | a comparative study on the potential of some biological agents to perform the hydrolysis of stevioside was carried out, aiming at establishing an alternative methodology to achieve the aglycon steviol or its rearranged derivative isosteviol, in high yields to be used in the preparation of novel bioactive compounds. hydrolysis reactions were performed by using filamentous fungi (aspergillus niger, rhizopus stolonifer and rhizopus arrhizus), a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and enzymes (pancreat ... | 2009 | 24031374 |
| raw starch degrading amylase production by various fungal cultures grown on cassava waste. | the solid waste of sago industry using cassava was fermented by aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus and rhizopus stolonifer in solid state fermentation. cassava waste contained 52 per cent starch and 2.9 per cent protein by dry weight. the amylase activity was maintained at a high level and the highest amylase activity was observed on the 8(th) day in r. stolonifer mediated fermentation. r. stolonifer was more efficient than aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus in bioconverting cassava w ... | 2006 | 24039485 |
| screening for antimicrobial activity of wood rotting higher basidiomycetes mushrooms from uruguay against phytopathogens. | in this work, the antimicrobial activity of extracts of wood rotting higher basidiomycetes mushrooms isolated from eucalyptus plantations in uruguay was studied using bacterial and fungal phytopathogens as targets. fifty-one extracts from mycelia and growth broth were prepared from higher basidiomycetes mushrooms, from which eight extracts (from ganoderma resinaceum, laetiporus sulphureus, dictyopanus pusillus, and bjerkandera adusta) showed antimicrobial activity against xanthomonas vesicatoria ... | 2016 | 27481160 |
| fungal lectins: a growing family. | fungi are members of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds, as well as the most familiar member, mushrooms. fungal lectins with unique specificity and structures have been discovered. in general, fungal lectins are classified into specific families based on their amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. in this chapter, we provide an overview of the approximately 80 types of mushroom and fungal lectins that have been isolated and studied to date. in pa ... | 2014 | 25117221 |
| antimicrobial activity of saponin-rich fraction from camellia oleifera cake and its effect on cell viability of mouse macrophage raw 264.7. | as a by-product of oil production, several million tons of camellia oleifera cake is discarded every year in china. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a saponin-rich fraction isolated from c. oleifera cake and investigate its effect on the cell viability of raw 264.7, a macrophage-like cell line present in almost all mouse tissues. | 2012 | 22430639 |
| fermentation of millet to produce kamu a nigerian starch-cake food. | microorganisms present in the unfermented grains of millet at the initial stage of steeping and after sieving at the initial stage of souring for the preparation of kamu were moulds (aspergillus versicolor, penicillim nigricans and rhizopus stolonifer), bacteria (pediococcus pentosaceus and lactobaclllus plantarum) and a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). only the bacteria and yeast persisted to the end of the steeping period. these, together with another yeast, candida krusel, brought about the ... | 1991 | 24424932 |
| bacillus cereus ar156 induces resistance against rhizopus rot through priming of defense responses in peach fruit. | the biocontrol effects of bacillus cereus ar156 on rhizopus rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer in postharvest peach fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. the results showed that fruit treated with b. cereus ar156 had significantly lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameter than the control fruit did. b. cereus ar156 treatment remarkably enhanced activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, promoted accumulation of h(2)o(2), and improved total phenolic content and 2,2-diphe ... | 2013 | 23122077 |
| effect of tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia) oil as a natural antimicrobial agent in lipophilic formulations. | there has been increased interest surrounding the use of tea tree oil (tto) as a natural antimicrobial. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of tto and its components were investigated in vitro and in a predominantly lipid-based personal care formulation. in vitro, tto showed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.2% (for saccharomyces cerevisiae and pythium sulcatum), 0.4% (for escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and rhizopus stolonifer), and 0.8% (for botrytis cinerea). tto at 0.08%-0.8% ... | 2015 | 25515896 |
| interaction of antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis influences their effect on spore germination and membrane permeability in fungal plant pathogens. | bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptides are known to have various antimicrobial effects including different types of interactions with the cell membranes of plant pathogenic fungi. the various spectra of activities of the three main lipopeptide families (fengycins, iturins, and surfactins) seem to be linked to their respective mechanisms of action on the fungal biomembrane. few studies have shown the combined effect of more than one family of lipopeptides on fungal plant pathogens. in an effort to ... | 2014 | 25442289 |
| effects of fengycin from bacillus subtilis fmbj on apoptosis and necrosis in rhizopus stolonifer. | the lipopeptide antibiotic fengycin, produced by bacillus subtilis, strongly inhibits growth of filamentous fungi. in this study, we evaluated the effects of fengycin treatment on apoptosis and necrosis in rhizopus stolonifer by means of cell staining and epifluorescence microscopy. at fengycin concentrations less than 50 μg/ml, treated fungal cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis-associated markers compared with the untreated control. these markers included chromatin condens ... | 2014 | 25098563 |
| regulation of the rana sylvatica brevinin-1sy antimicrobial peptide during development and in dorsal and ventral skin in response to freezing, anoxia and dehydration. | brevinin-1sy is the only described antimicrobial peptide (amp) of rana sylvatica. as amps are important innate immune molecules that inhibit microbes, this study examined brevinin-1sy regulation during development and in adult frogs in response to environmental stress. the brevinin-1sy nucleotide sequence was identified and used for protein modeling. brevinin-1sy was predicted to be an amphipathic, hydrophobic, alpha helical peptide that inserts into a lipid bilayer. brevinin-1sy transcripts wer ... | 2014 | 24436376 |
| investigating the efficacy of bacillus subtilis sm21 on controlling rhizopus rot in peach fruit. | the efficacy of bacillus subtilis sm21 on controlling rhizopus rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer in postharvest peach fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. the results indicated b. subtilis sm21 treatment reduced lesion diameter and disease incidence by 37.2% and 26.7% on the 2nd day of inoculation compared with the control. the in vitro test showed significant inhibitory effect of b. subtilis sm21 on mycelial growth of r. stolonifer with an inhibition rate of 48.9%. b. subtilis s ... | 2013 | 23673059 |
| heterologous expression and secretion of an antifungal bacillus subtilis chitosanase (csnv26) in escherichia coli. | the aims of the study were the production improvement, the purification, the characterization and the activity investigation of chitosanase csnv26 of bacillus subtilis (v26). the gene csnv26 encoding for this protein was amplified and cloned in the pbad vector then expressed in escherichia coli (top10). the sds-page and zymogram analysis of the recombinant protein showed that it has two active forms sized 27 and 31 kda, corresponding to the protein with and without signal peptide. this protein h ... | 2013 | 23065029 |
| experimental protocol for the recovery and evaluation of bioactive compounds of tarbush against postharvest fruit fungi. | the aim of this study was to recover and evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of bioactive compounds of tarbush flourensia cernua against fruit postharvest fungi and their antioxidant capacity. a yield of 15% of bioactive compounds of tarbush was obtained by infusion method and heating using water as solvent. a concentration of 4000 mg/l showed a higher antioxidant activity against the abts radical (3.21 μmol/g) in comparison with the dpph radical (7.62 μmol/g); however the dpph radical sho ... | 2016 | 26769505 |
| growth simulation and discrimination of botrytis cinerea, rhizopus stolonifer and colletotrichum acutatum using hyperspectral reflectance imaging. | this research aimed to develop a rapid and nondestructive method to model the growth and discrimination of spoilage fungi, like botrytis cinerea, rhizopus stolonifer and colletotrichum acutatum, based on hyperspectral imaging system (his). a hyperspectral imaging system was used to measure the spectral response of fungi inoculated on potato dextrose agar plates and stored at 28°c and 85% rh. the fungi were analyzed every 12 h over two days during growth, and optimal simulation models were built ... | 2015 | 26642054 |
| effects of poplar buds as an alternative to propolis on postharvest diseases control of strawberry fruits. | botrytis cinerea and rhizopus stolonifer, two main postharvest pathogens, cause great loss of strawberry fruits. here, the effects of poplar buds extracts, a main plant source for chinese propolis, on disease control were investigated in vitro and in vivo. | 2016 | 26140351 |
| effects of ionizing radiation on postharvest fungal pathogens. | postharvest diseases cause losses in a wide variety of crops around the world. irradiation, a useful nonchemical approach, has been used as an alternative treatment for fungicide to control plant fungal pathogens. for a preliminary study, ionizing radiations (gamma, x-ray, or e-beam irradiation) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum, and rhizopus stolonifer through mycelial growth, spore germination, and morphological analysis under various c ... | 2015 | 26060436 |
| in vitro control of post-harvest fruit rot fungi by some plant essential oil components. | eight substances that are main components of the essential oils from three mediterranean aromatic plants (verbena officinalis, thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare), previously found active against some phytopathogenic fungi and stramenopila, have been tested in vitro against five etiological agents of post-harvest fruit decay, botrytis cinerea, penicillium italicum, p. expansum, phytophthora citrophthora and rhizopus stolonifer. the tested compounds were β-fellandrene, β-pinene, camphene, carva ... | 2012 | 22408454 |
| steroid 11ß-hydroxylation by a fungal microsomal cytochrome p450. | the steroid 11ß-hydroxylase activity of the fungus cochliobolus lunatus was increased about 100-fold by cultivation of mycelia for 4-5 h with 20-hydroxymethyl-1,4-pregnadien-3-one. cell-free extracts revealed a maximum activity of 45 nmol 11ß-hydroxyprogesterone/h·mg protein in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. the 11ß-hydroxylation was dependent on nadph. the formation of 11ß-hydroxyprogesterone correlated linearly with the cytochrome p450 concentration. the fungal 11ß-hydroxylase transformed both ... | 1992 | 22217857 |
| antifungal metabolites produced by chaetomium globosum no.04, an endophytic fungus isolated from ginkgo biloba. | the fungal endophyte chaetomium globosum no.04 was isolated from the medicinal plant ginkgo biloba. the crude extract of the fungus fermentation were active in the agar-diffusion tests against the phytopathogenic fungi rhizopus stolonifer and coniothyrium diplodiella. further bioassay-guided chemical investigation led to the isolation and purification of six alkaloids and three non-targeted compounds from 50 l fermentation of this endophytic fungus and their structures were elucidated as chaetog ... | 2013 | 24426105 |
| stereo and regioselective microbial reduction of the clerodane diterpene 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene. | the biotransformation of the clerodane diterpene, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxy-cleroda-13(16),14-diene (1), obtained from croton micans var. argyroglossum (baill.) mill., was investigated for the first time. whole cells of cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus stolonifer were used as enzymatic systems, and with both fungi the only biotransformation product obtained was the new ent-neo-clerodane diterpene (3r,4s,5s,8s,9r,10s)-3,4-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-12-oxo-cleroda-13(16),14-diene (2a). the ... | 2014 | 25115072 |
| effect of linker flexibility on the catalytic features of a glycoside hydrolase family 45 endoglucanase from rhizopus stolonifer. | this study investigated an endoglucanase (egii) from rhizopus stolonifer var. reflexus tp-02 that consists of a c-terminal catalytic domain and an n-terminal carbohydrate-binding module joined by a linker rich in glycine, serine, threonine, and alanine. site-directed mutagenesis was applied to characterize the conformation and dynamics of the linker. mutants were expressed in escherichia coli bl21 and purified by ni-chelating column. structural analysis indicated that glycine provided flexibilit ... | 2015 | 26210786 |
| expression and functional analysis of a glycoside hydrolase family 45 endoglucanase from rhizopus stolonifer. | a novel endoglucanase gene was cloned from rhizopus stolonifer and expressed in escherichia coli, the gene product eg ii (45 kda) was assigned to glycoside hydrolase family 45 (gh45), and its specific activity on phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (pasc) was 48 iu/mg. to solve the problem of substrate accumulation in the cellulose hydrolysis and enhance the catalytic efficiency of endoglucanase, the eg2 gene was modified by site directed mutagenesis. mutations generated by overlapping pcr have be ... | 2014 | 25164957 |
| a streptomyces chitosanase is active in transgenic tobacco. | growth inhibition towards rhizopus nigricans, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, verticillium albo-atrum and pythium ultimum was observed in vitro using a purified chitosanase from an actinomycete, streptomyces sp, strain n174. the corresponding gene, with its own signal peptide, was inserted into pbi121.7 shuttle vector to transform tobacco. transgenic plants were analysed for chitosanase activity by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay. two major and on ... | 1995 | 24185780 |
| zygomycota associated with traditional meju, a fermented soybean starting material for soy sauce and soybean paste. | various zygomycota species were detected during a study of the mycobiota of meju, a brick of dried fermented soybeans, used in korean cuisine. two hundred and sixty-eight strains were isolated from 98 finished meju products collected in various regions of korea from 2009 to 2011, and 96 strains were isolated from in-process meju on various farms from 2010 to 2011. the isolated zygomycota were identified using phenotypic characteristics combined with dna sequences of the internal transcribed spac ... | 2012 | 22752901 |
| biocontrol of postharvest rhizopus decay of peaches with pichia caribbica. | a new yeast antagonist, pichia caribbica, isolated in our laboratory from the soil collected from unsprayed orchards, was evaluated for its biocontrol capability against rhizopus stolonifer on peaches and the possible mechanisms involved. the decay incidence and lesion diameter of rhizopus decay of peaches treated by p. caribbica were significantly reduced compared with the control fruits, and the higher the concentration of p. caribbica, the better the efficacy of the biocontrol. rapid coloniza ... | 2013 | 23536217 |
| new anti-inflammatory metabolites by microbial transformation of medrysone. | microbial transformation of the anti-inflammatory steroid medrysone (1) was carried out for the first time with the filamentous fungi cunninghamella blakesleeana (atcc 8688a), neurospora crassa (atcc 18419), and rhizopus stolonifer (tsy 0471). the objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the substrate (1) and its metabolites. this yielded seven new metabolites, 14α-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (2), 6β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (3), 15β-hydroxy ... | 2016 | 27104348 |
| essential oil composition and antifungal activity of melissa officinalis originating from north-est morocco, against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. | to investigate biological control methods against post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples, tests on the antifungal activity of essential oil of melissa officinalis were carried out. the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms). analysis of the essential oil was able to detect 88.7% of the components. the main components are p-mentha-1,2,3-triol (13.1%), p-menth-3-en-8-ol (8.8%), pulegone (8.8%), piperitynone oxid ... | 2017 | 28389346 |
| extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using rhizopus stolonifer. | synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) has become a necessary field of applied science. biological method for synthesis of agnps by rhizopus stolonifer aqueous mycelial extract was used. the agnps were identified by uv-visible spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ft-ir). the presence of surface plasmon band around 420 nm indicates agnps formation. the characteristic of the agnps within the face-centered cubi ... | 2017 | 28053592 |
| production of cellulases by rhizopus stolonifer from glucose-containing media based on the regulation of transcriptional regulator cre. | carbon catabolite repression is a crucial regulation mechanism in microorganisms, but its characteristic in rhizopus is still unclear. we extracted a carbon regulation gene, cre, that encoded a carbon catabolite repressor protein (cre) from rhizopus stolonifer tp-02, and studied the regulation of cre by real-time qpcr. cre responded to glucose in a certain range, where it could significantly regulate part of the cellulase genes (eg, bg, and cbh2) without cbh1. in the comparison of the response o ... | 2017 | 27880962 |
| rhizopus stolonifer mediated biosynthesis of biocompatible cadmium chalcogenide quantum dots. | we report an efficient method to biosynthesize biocompatible cadmium telluride and cadmium sulphide quantum dots from the fungus rhizopus stolonifer. the suspension of the quantum dots exhibited purple and greenish-blue luminescence respectively upon uv light illumination. photoluminescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy confirms the formation of the quantum dots. from the photoluminescence spectrum the emission maxima is found to be 424 and 476nm respectiv ... | 2016 | 27866619 |
| intergeneric fusant development using chitinase preparation of rhizopus stolonifer ncim 880. | fungal chitinase have tremendous applications in biotech industries, with this approach we focused on extracellular chitinase from rhizopus stolonifer ncim 880 for the formation of fungal protoplasts. the maximum chitinase production reached after 24 h at 2.5% colloidal chitin concentration in presence of starch as an inducer. chitinase was extracted efficiently at 65% cold acetone concentration and then purified by using deae-cellulose column chromatography. purified chitinase having molecular ... | 2016 | 27844458 |