| effects of the epichloë fungal endophyte symbiosis with schedonorus pratensis on host grass invasiveness. | initial studies of grass-endophyte mutualisms using schedonorus arundinaceus cultivar kentucky-31 infected with the vertically transmitted endophyte epichloë coenophiala found strong, positive endophyte effects on host-grass invasion success. however, more recent work using different cultivars of s. arundinaceus has cast doubt on the ubiquity of this effect, at least as it pertains to s. arundinaceus-e. coenophiala. we investigated the generality of previous work on vertically transmitted epichl ... | 2015 | 26257873 |
| association analysis of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers with agronomic traits in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | tall fescue is widely used in temperate regions throughout the world as a dominant forage grass as well as a turfgrass, in pastoral and turf industry. however, the utilization of tall fescue was limited because of its leaf roughness, poor regeneration ability and poor stress resistance. new cultivars were desirable in modern pastoral industries exceed the potential of existing cultivars. therefore, well understanding the agronomic traits and describing germplasms would help to overcome these con ... | 2015 | 26186338 |
| stress memory induced rearrangements of hsp transcription, photosystem ii photochemistry and metabolism of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) in response to high-temperature stress. | when plants are pre-exposed to stress, they can produce some stable signals and physiological reactions that may be carried forward as "stress memory". however, there is insufficient information about plants' stress memory responses mechanisms. here, two tall fescue genotypes, heat-tolerant pi 574522 and heat-sensitive pi 512315, were subjected to recurring high-temperature pre-acclimation treatment. two heat shock protein (hsp) genes, lmw-hsp and hmw-hsp, exhibited transcriptional memory for th ... | 2015 | 26136755 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza affects nickel translocation and expression of abc transporter and metallothionein genes in festuca arundinacea. | mycorrhizal fungi are key microorganisms for enhancing phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. in this study, the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) funneliformis mosseae (=glomus mosseae) on physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the nickel (ni) tolerance of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea = schedonorus arundinaceus) were investigated. nickel addition had a pronounced negative effect on tall fescue growth and photosynthetic pigment contents, as wel ... | 2016 | 26041568 |
| abc transporter and metallothionein expression affected by ni and epichloe endophyte infection in tall fescue. | epichloe endophytes are symbiotic fungi which unlike mycorrhiza grow within aerial parts of host plants. the fungi may increase host tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, the effect of endophyte infection on growth and tolerance, carbohydrate contents and abc (abc transporter) and met (metallothionein) expression in the leaves of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) plants cultivated in ni polluted soil were evaluated. the endophyte infected (e+) and non-infected (e-) fescue ... | 2015 | 26024809 |
| variation and genetic structure of tunisian festuca arundinacea populations based on inter-simple sequence repeat pattern. | tunisian tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is an important grass for forages or soil conservation, particularly in marginal sites. inter-simple sequence repeats were used to estimate genetic diversity within and among 8 natural populations and 1 cultivar from northern tunisia. a total of 181 polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeat markers were generated using 7 primers. shannon's index and analysis of molecular variance evidenced a high molecular polymorphism at intra-specific levels fo ... | 2015 | 25966071 |
| tall fescue cultivar and fungal endophyte combinations influence plant growth and root exudate composition. | tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.)] is a cool-season perennial grass used in pastures throughout the southeastern united states. the grass can harbor a shoot-specific fungal endophyte (epichloë coenophiala) thought to provide the plant with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. because alkaloids produced by the common variety of the endophyte cause severe animal health issues, focus has been on replacing the common-toxic strain with novel varieties that do not produce the m ... | 2015 | 25914697 |
| responses of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) to growth in naphthalene-contaminated sand: xenobiotic stress versus water stress. | the adaptations of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) arising from growth in naphthalene-contaminated sand (0.8 g kg(-1) sand dry weight (dw)) were investigated in the contexts of xenobiotic stress and water stress. the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) across the root endodermis was investigated using the hydrophobic nile red stain as a pah homologue. nile red was applied to the epidermis of a living root to visualise uptake into the root through the transpiration stream, and t ... | 2015 | 25874421 |
| determination of the ergot alkaloid ergovaline in tall fescue seed and straw using a quechers extraction method with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. | ergovaline is an ergot alkaloid produced by the symbiotic endophyte epichloë coenophiala, which can colonize varieties of the cool-season grass tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). it is the principle toxicant responsible for the vasoconstrictive and reproductive sequelae seen in "fescue toxicosis" in livestock which consume forage exceeding the threshold of toxicity established for this compound. a new method for extraction of ergovaline from tall fescue seed and straw was optimized and validated ... | 2015 | 25811236 |
| identification and validation of reference genes for quantification of target gene expression with quantitative real-time pcr for tall fescue under four abiotic stresses. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is widely utilized as a major forage and turfgrass species in the temperate regions of the world and is a valuable plant material for studying molecular mechanisms of grass stress tolerance due to its superior drought and heat tolerance among cool-season species. selection of suitable reference genes for quantification of target gene expression is important for the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying improved growth traits and stress tolerance. ... | 2015 | 25786207 |
| response to elevated co2 in the temperate c3 grass festuca arundinaceae across a wide range of soils. | soils vary widely in mineral nutrient availability and physical characteristics, but the influence of this variability on plant responses to elevated co2 remains poorly understood. as a first approximation of the effect of global soil variability on plant growth response to co2, we evaluated the effect of co2 on tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) grown in soils representing 10 of the 12 global soil orders plus a high-fertility control. plants were grown in small pots in continuously stirred react ... | 2015 | 25774160 |
| [effects of sewage sludge compost on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of turfgrass]. | the effects of different dosages (0, 0.8%, 2%, 6% and 10%) of sewage sludge compost on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of three turfgrass, i. e., festuca arundinacea, lolium perenne and poa pratensis were studied. the results showed that the dosage of 6% had the optimal effects. the plant height, leaf area and dry biomass of three turfgrass increased significantly with the increasing sewage sludge compost dosage, while the root/shoot ratio decreased obviously. compared with the con ... | 2014 | 25757308 |
| defending the leaf surface: intra- and inter-specific differences in silicon deposition in grasses in response to damage and silicon supply. | understanding interactions between grasses and their herbivores is central to the conservation of species-rich grasslands and the protection of our most important crops against pests. grasses employ a range of defenses against their natural enemies; silicon-based defenses have been shown to be one of the most effective. silicon (si) is laid down on the leaf surface as spines and other sharp bodies, known as phytoliths, making grasses abrasive and their foliage indigestible to herbivores. previou ... | 2015 | 25717331 |
| he-ne laser preillumination improves the resistance of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) seedlings to high saline conditions. | in this paper, we explored the protective effect and physiochemical mechanism of he-ne laser preillumination in enhancement of tall fescue seedlings tolerance to high salt stress. the results showed that salt stress greatly reduced plant growth, plant height, biomass, leaf development, ascorbate acid (asa) and glutathione (gsh) concentration, the enzymatic activities, and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (cat) and glutathione reductase (gr) and enhanced hydrogen per ... | 2015 | 25547962 |
| growth responses of two tall fescue cultivars to pb stress and their metal accumulation characteristics. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), a widely planted cool-season turfgrass and forage, is tolerant to heavy metals. however, previous investigation demonstrated that different accessions varied in pb tolerance. in present study, hydroponic system was used to study the effects of pb on two tall fescue cultivars, pb tolerant 'silverado' and pb sensitive 'ast7001', respectively. the results indicated that pb concentration was 14 times lower in shoots of 'silverado' (1.34 mg g(-1) dry weight) versus ... | 2015 | 25537098 |
| remediation of pah-contaminated soil by the combination of tall fescue, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and epigeic earthworms. | a 120-day experiment was performed to investigate the effect of a multi-component bioremediation system consisting of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) (glomus caledoniun l.), and epigeic earthworms (eisenia foetida) for cleaning up polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-contaminated soil. inoculation with amf and/or earthworms increased plant yield and pah accumulation in plants. however, pah uptake by tall fescue accounted for a negligible portion of soil ... | 2015 | 25534968 |
| an rna sequencing transcriptome analysis of the high-temperature stressed tall fescue reveals novel insights into plant thermotolerance. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is major cool-season forage and turf grass species worldwide, but high-temperature is a major environmental stress that dramatically threaten forage production and turf management of tall fescue. however, very little is known about the whole-genome molecular mechanisms contributing to thermotolerance. the objectives of this study were to analyzed genome-wide gene expression profiles in the leaves of two tall fescue genotypes, heat tolerant 'pi578718' and ... | 2014 | 25527327 |
| neotyphodium endophyte changes phytoextraction of zinc in festuca arundinacea and lolium perenne. | the effect of neotyphodium endophytes on growth parameters and zinc (zn) tolerance and uptake was studied in two grass species of festuca arundinacea and lolium perenne. plants were grown under different zn concentrations (control, 200, 400, 800, and 1800 mg kg(-1)) in potted soil for 5 months. the results showed that the number of plant tillers was 85 and 51% greater in endophyte infected festuca (faei) and lolium (lpei), respectively, compared to their endophyte free (ef) plants. roots and sho ... | 2015 | 25495936 |
| bulls grazing kentucky 31 tall fescue exhibit impaired growth, semen quality, and decreased semen freezing potential. | serum prolactin (prl) and testosterone concentrations, body weight, body composition, semen quality, and semen freezing potential for bulls grazing the toxic tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum [schreb.] darbysh. = schedonorous arundinaceum [schreb.] dumort.) cultivar kentucky 31 (e+) compared with a novel endophyte cultivar lacking ergot alkaloids (e-) were evaluated. angus bulls were allotted to treatment (day 0) and grazed e+ or e- for 155 days. treatment-by-day interaction was significant (p < ... | 2015 | 25459421 |
| characterization of epichloë coenophiala within the us: are all tall fescue endophytes created equal? | tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) is a valuable and broadly adapted forage grass that occupies approximately 14 million hectares across the united states. a native to europe, tall fescue was likely introduced into the us around the late 1800's. much of the success of tall fescue can be attributed to epichloë coenophiala (formerly neotyphodium coenophialum) a seed borne symbiont that aids in host persistence. epichloë species are capable of producing a range of alkaloids (ergot alkaloids, indole- ... | 2014 | 25408942 |
| changes in the abundance of sugars and sugar-like compounds in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) due to growth in naphthalene-treated sand. | the hydrophilic metabolome of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) adapted to grow in naphthalene-treated sand (0.8 g kg(-1) sand dw) was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and peaks corresponding to the more abundant compounds were tentatively identified from analysis of their mass spectral features and reference to the nist mass spectral database. particular attention was paid to sugars as they are known to play important roles as stress regulators in plants. the results showed ... | 2015 | 25391233 |
| negative and positive interactions among plants: effects of competitors and litter on seedling emergence and growth of forest and grassland species. | living plant neighbours, but also their dead aboveground remains (i.e. litter), may individually exert negative or positive effects on plant recruitment. although living plants and litter co-occur in most ecosystems, few studies have addressed their combined effects, and conclusions are ambivalent. therefore, we examined the response in terms of seedling emergence and growth of herbaceous grassland and forest species to different litter types and amounts and the presence of competitors. we condu ... | 2015 | 25381837 |
| warming reduces tall fescue abundance but stimulates toxic alkaloid concentrations in transition zone pastures of the u.s. | tall fescue pastures cover extensive acreage in the eastern half of the united states and contribute to important ecosystem services, including the provisioning of forage for grazing livestock. yet little is known concerning how these pastures will respond to climate change. tall fescue's ability to persist and provide forage under a warmer and wetter environment, as is predicted for much of this region as a result of climate change, will likely depend on a symbiotic relationship the plant can f ... | 2014 | 25374886 |
| ergovaline in tall fescue and its effect on health, milk quality, biochemical parameters, oxidative status, and drug metabolizing enzymes of lactating ewes. | ergovaline (ev) produced by symbiotic association of epichloë coenophiala with tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) causes toxicoses in livestock. in this study, 16 lactating ewes (bw 76.0 ± 0.6 kg) were used to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected (fe+) or endophyte free (fe-) tall fescue hay on animal health and performances and to investigate the putative mechanisms of action of ev. the mean ev concentrations in fe+ and fe- diets were 497 ± 52 and <5 µg/kg dm, respectively. decrea ... | 2014 | 25253811 |
| endophyte infection of tall fescue and the impact of climatic factors on ergovaline concentrations in field crops cultivated in southern france. | tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) infected by epichloe coenophiala contains ergot alkaloids responsible for fescue toxicosis in australia, new zealand, and the united states, with only a few cases occurring in europe. the detection of epichloe in 166 l. arundinaceum collected in southern france revealed that 60% were infected, 51% being high ergovaline producers. the ergovaline level in endophyte-infected tall fescue kentucky 31 was monitored during 3 years in various parts of the plant. maturat ... | 2014 | 25192465 |
| exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation reduces fetal growth in sheep. | tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh; schedonorus phoenix (scop.) holub] is the primary cool season perennial grass in the eastern u.s. most tall fescue contains an endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum), which produces ergot alkaloids that cause vasoconstriction and could restrict blood flow to the fetus in pregnant animals. the objective of this study was to examine fetal growth during maternal exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation. pregnant ewes (n = 16) were randomly assi ... | 2014 | 25191653 |
| high correlation between thermotolerance and photosystem ii activity in tall fescue. | heat stress affects a broad spectrum of cellular components and metabolism. the objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior of photosystem ii (psii) in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) with various thermotolerance capacities and to broaden our comprehension about the relationship between thermotolerance and psii function. heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive accessions were incubated at 24 °c (control) and 46 °c (heat stress) for 5 h. the fluorescence transient curves (ojip cur ... | 2014 | 25145554 |
| allelochemicals in the rhizosphere soil of euphorbia himalayensis. | weed infestation has been known to cause considerable reductions in crop yields, thereby hindering sustainable agriculture. many plants in genus euphorbia affect neighboring plants and other organisms by releasing chemicals into the environment. in view of the serious threat of weeds to agriculture, the allelochemicals of euphorbia himalayensis and their allelopathic effects were investigated. the extract of root exudates from rhizosphere soil exhibited allelopathic activities against crops (whe ... | 2014 | 25088250 |
| epichloë endophytes alter inducible indirect defences in host grasses. | epichloë endophytes are common symbionts living asymptomatically in pooid grasses and may provide chemical defences against herbivorous insects. while the mechanisms underlying these fungal defences have been well studied, it remains unknown whether endophyte presence affects the host's own defences. we addressed this issue by examining variation in the impact of epichloë on constitutive and herbivore-induced emissions of volatile organic compounds (voc), a well-known indirect plant defence, bet ... | 2014 | 24978701 |
| intake estimation of horses grazing tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) or fed tall fescue hay. | six mature geldings of light horse breeds (557 ± 37 kg) were randomly assigned to a nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue hay (n = 3) or pasture treatment (n = 3) in a crossover design with 14-d periods to estimate dmi with alkane markers and to compare dmi of hay and pasture. when fed pasture, horses were housed in stalls from 0700 to 1300 h daily with access to water and then grazed pasture as a group in a single 0.4 ha pasture from 1300 to 0700 h. when fed hay, horses were maintained indivi ... | 2014 | 24663171 |
| combined analysis of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the antarctic vascular plant deschampsia antarctica desv. | antarctic hairgrass (deschampsia antarctica desv.) is the only natural grass species in the maritime antarctic. it has been researched as an important ecological marker and as an extremophile plant for studies on stress tolerance. despite its importance, little genomic information is available for d. antarctica. here, we report the complete chloroplast genome, transcriptome profiles of the coding/noncoding genes, and the posttranscriptional processing by rna editing in the chloroplast system. | 2014 | 24647560 |
| ion uptake in tall fescue as affected by carbonate, chloride, and sulfate salinity. | turfgrass nutrient uptake may be differentially affected by different salts. the objective of this study was to compare nutrient uptake in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) as affected by carbonate, chloride, and sulfate under iso-osmotic, iso-na+ strength conditions. 'tar heel ii' and 'wolfpack' cultivars were subjected to nacl, na2co3, na2so4, cacl2, nacl+ cacl2, na2co3+ cacl2, and na2so4+ cacl2, in the range of 0 to 225 mm. there was no cultivar difference regarding k, na, mg, and mn ... | 2014 | 24626173 |
| identification of microrna genes and their mrna targets in festuca arundinacea. | micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as a novel class of endogenous, small, non-coding rnas of 22 nucleotides (nts) in length, which plays important roles in post-transcriptional degradation of target mrna or inhibition of protein synthesis through binding the specific sites of target mrna. growing evidences have shown that mirnas play an important role in various biological processes, including growth and development, signal transduction, apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, maintenance of ge ... | 2014 | 24577674 |
| interaction of heavy metals and pyrene on their fates in soil and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | 90-day growth chamber experiments were performed to investigate the interactive effect of pyrene and heavy metals (cu, cd, and pb) on the growth of tall fescue and its uptake, accumulation, and dissipation of heavy metals and pyrene. results show that plant growth and phytomass production were impacted by the interaction of heavy metals and pyrene. they were significantly decreased with heavy metal additions (100-2000 mg/kg), but they were only slightly declined with pyrene spiked up to 100 mg/k ... | 2014 | 24383577 |
| postgraze assessment of toxicosis symptoms for steers grazed on toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture. | a 2-yr pen experiment was conducted using 12 different crossbred angus steers each year to determine if short-term changes in prolactin concentrations, body temperature, and vasoconstriction reflect recovery from fescue toxicosis after steers that previously grazed toxic endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected kentucky 31 tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh] are placed on nontoxic feed. groups of 6 steers from toxic endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue grazing ... | 2013 | 24126272 |
| convergence of goals: phylogenetical, morphological, and physiological characterization of tolerance to drought stress in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | the aim of this study is to find iranian tall fescue accessions that tolerate drought stress and investigation on phylogenetical, morphological, and physiological characterization of them. for this propose, inter-simple sequence repeats (issr) markers were used to examine the genetic variability of accessions from different provinces of iran. of 21 primers, 20 primers generated highly reproducible fragments. using these primers, 390 discernible dna fragments were produced with 367 (93.95 %) bein ... | 2014 | 24078217 |
| ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue decrease reticuloruminal epithelial blood flow and volatile fatty acid absorption from the washed reticulorumen. | an experiment was conducted to determine if ergot alkaloids affect blood flow to the absorptive surface of the rumen. steers (n=8) were pair-fed alfalfa cubes and received ground endophyte-infected (neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum; e+) seed (0.015 mg ergovaline·kg bw(-1)·d(-1)) or endophyte-free tall fescue (e-) seed via the rumen cannula 2x daily for 7 d at thermoneutral (tn; 22°c) and heat stress (hs; 32°c) conditions. on d 8, the rumen was emptied and rinsed. a buf ... | 2013 | 23989869 |
| plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of n(2)o emissions from grassland. | grassland ecosystems worldwide not only provide many important ecosystem services but they also function as a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (n2o), especially in response to nitrogen deposition by grazing animals. to explore the role of plants as mediators of these emissions, we tested whether and how n2o emissions are dependent on grass species richness and/or specific grass species composition in the absence and presence of urine deposition. we hypothesized that: (i) n2o emis ... | 2014 | 23939815 |
| genetic diversity in a world germplasm collection of tall fescue. | festuca arundinacea schreb., commonly known as tall fescue, is a major forage crop in temperate regions. recently, a molecular analysis of different accessions of a world germplasm collection of tall fescue has demonstrated that it contains different species from the genus festuca and allowed their rapid classification into the three major morphotypes (continental, mediterranean and rhizomatous). in this study, we explored the genetic diversity of 161 accessions of festuca species from 29 countr ... | 2013 | 23885206 |
| influence of short-term drought conditions and subsequent re-watering on the physiology and proteome of lolium multiflorum/festuca arundinacea introgression forms, with contrasting levels of tolerance to long-term drought. | festuca arundinacea is a drought tolerant species. lolium multiflorum has better forage quality but lower tolerance to abiotic stresses. their hybrids offer an opportunity to perform research on the molecular basis of tolerance to drought. the aim of this work was to recognise the mechanisms of response to short-term drought (11 days) in a glasshouse in two l. multiflorum/f. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct levels of tolerance to long-term drought (14 weeks) in the field. measuremen ... | 2014 | 23879319 |
| host plant resistance of cool-season (c3) turfgrasses to above- and belowground feeding by tipula paludosa (diptera: tipulidae). | feeding on above- and belowground plant tissues by tipula paludosa meigen during the period of rapid growth from second to forth instars is highly damaging to cool-season (c3) turfgrasses. it may be possible to reduce this damage by identifying grass genotypes that increase host plant protection. this study examined the impacts of plant genotype, endophyte infection, and plant ontogeny on host plant and insect responses during whole-plant feeding by t. paludosa. a series of no-choice greenhouse ... | 2013 | 23865215 |
| alleviation of heat damage to photosystem ii by nitric oxide in tall fescue. | nitric oxide (no) has been found to mediate plant responses to heat stress. the objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of no in the recovery process of photosystem ii (psii) in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) against heat stress. treatment of tall fescue leaves with no donor sodium nitroprusside significantly improved the overall behavior of psii probed by the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients, while the inhibition of no accumulation by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- ... | 2013 | 23832593 |
| legume-grass intercropping phytoremediation of phthalic acid esters in soil near an electronic waste recycling site: a field study. | a field experiment was conducted to study the phytoremediation of phthalic acid esters (paes) by legume (alfalfa, medicago sativa l.)-grass (perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l. and tall fescue, festuca arundinacea) intercropping in contaminated agricultural soil at one of the largest e-waste recycling sites in china. two compounds, dehp and dnbp, were present in the soil and in the shoots of the test plants at much higher concentrations than the other target paes studied. over 80% of 'total' ( ... | 2013 | 23487993 |
| decontamination of a polychlorinated biphenyls-contaminated soil by phytoremediation-assisted bioaugmentation. | a 70 day pot experiment was conducted for the cleaning-up of a pcbs-contaminated soil (104 mg kg(-1) soil dw) using bioaugmentation with burkholderia xenovorans lb400 (lb400) assisted or not by the use of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). the total cultivable bacteria of the soil were higher with the presence of plants. real-time pcr showed that lb400 (targeting 16s-23s rrna its) survived with abundance related to total bacteria (targeting 16s rrna) being higher with fescue (up to a factor of t ... | 2013 | 23440572 |
| forages and pastures symposium: fungal endophytes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass: pasture friend or foe? | tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh. syn. festuca arundinacea schreb.] and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) are important perennial forage grasses utilized throughout the moderate- to high-rainfall temperate zones of the world. these grasses have coevolved with symbiotic fungal endophytes (epichloë/neotyphodium spp.) that can impart bioactive properties and environmental stress tolerance to the grass compared with endophyte-free individuals. these endophytes have proven to b ... | 2013 | 23307839 |
| influence factors and prediction of stormwater runoff of urban green space in tianjin, china: laboratory experiment and quantitative theory model. | the effects of limiting factors such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, grass type and vegetation coverage on the stormwater runoff of urban green space was investigated in tianjin. the prediction equation of stormwater runoff was established by the quantitative theory with the lab experimental data of soil columns. it was validated by three field experiments and the relative errors between predicted and measured stormwater runoff are 1.41, 1.52 and 7.35%, respectively. the results implie ... | 2013 | 23306267 |
| the use of a biodegradable chelator for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals by festuca arundinacea from municipal solid waste compost and associated heavy metal leaching. | in a column experiment with horizontal permeable barriers, the effects of a biodegradable chelator-nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) on the uptake of heavy metals from municipal solid waste (msw) compost by festuca arundinacea and metal leaching were investigated. the use of nta was effective in increasing cu, pb, and zn uptakes in shoots of two crops of f. arundinacea. in columns with barriers and treated with 20 mmol nta per kg msw compost, metal uptakes by the first and second crop of f. arundinace ... | 2013 | 23247507 |
| investigation into the effect of molds in grasses on their content of low molecular mass thiols. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of molds on levels of low molecular mass thiols in grasses. for this purpose, the three grass species lolium perenne, festulolium pabulare and festulolium braunii were cultivated and sampled during four months, from june to september. the same species were also grown under controlled conditions. high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for quantification of cysteine, reduced (gsh) and oxidized (gssg) glutat ... | 2012 | 23202817 |
| ascorbic acid enhances the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in roots of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | plant contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) is crucial to food safety and human health. enzyme inhibitors are commonly utilized in agriculture to control plant metabolism of organic components. this study revealed that the enzyme inhibitor ascorbic acid (aa) significantly reduced the activities of peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo), thus enhancing the potential risks of pah contamination in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). pod and ppo enzymes in vitro effe ... | 2012 | 23185628 |
| new formulation of paraquat with lysine acetylsalicylate with low mammalian toxicity and effective herbicidal activity. | currently, the commercial formulations of the herbicide paraquat are highly toxic to humans, and no effective antidote is available for paraquat poisoning. the aim of the present study was to develop a safe formulation, combining paraquat and the known antidote lysine acetylsalicylate. the toxicity of a mixture of gramoxone® (20% paraquat) and lysine acetylsalicylate in adult wistar male rats and the herbicidal efficacy against grass lawn (50% of poa pratensis and 50% of festuca arundinacea) wer ... | 2013 | 23109273 |
| comparison between agrobacterium-mediated and direct gene transfer using the gene gun. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation and direct gene transfer using the gene gun (microparticle -bombardment) are the two most widely used methods for plant genetic modification. the agrobacterium method has been successfully practiced in dicots for many years, but only recently have efficient protocols been developed for grasses. microparticle bombardment has evolved as a method delivering exogenous nucleic acids into plant genome and is a commonly employed technique in plant science. here the ... | 2013 | 23104329 |
| changes in the chloroplast proteome following water deficit and subsequent watering in a high- and a low-drought-tolerant genotype of festuca arundinacea. | festuca arundinacea is one of the most drought-tolerant species within the lolium-festuca complex and was used as a model for research aimed at identifying the chloroplast components involved in the proteomic response for drought stress in forage grasses. individual f. arundinacea genotypes with contrasting levels of drought tolerance, the high-drought-tolerant (hdt) and the low-drought-tolerant (ldt) genotypes, were selected for comparative physiological and proteomic work. measurements of wate ... | 2012 | 23045610 |
| deletion of the fungal gene soft disrupts mutualistic symbiosis between the grass endophyte epichloë festucae and the host plant. | hyphal anastomosis, or vegetative hyphal fusion, establishes the interconnection of individual hyphal strands into an integrated network of a fungal mycelium. in contrast to recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for hyphal anastomosis, knowledge of the physiological role of hyphal anastomosis in the natural habitats of filamentous fungi is still very limited. to investigate the role of hyphal anastomosis in fungal endophyte-plant interactions, we generated mutant strains la ... | 2012 | 23042130 |
| [effect of cr(vi) stress on growth of three herbaceous plants and their cr uptake]. | in order to elucidate the toxic mechanisms of trifolium repens, festuca arundinacea and medicago sativa under chromium [cr (vi)] stress, provide a theoretic foundation for phytoremediation of cr-contaminated soil, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cr(vi) on plant growth, physiological characteristics, cr accumulation and distribution in three herbaceous plants. soil sample was treated by adding k2cr2o7 with the cr(vi) concentration of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg x kg(-1) ... | 2012 | 22946192 |
| genomic characteristics of a diploid f(4) festulolium hybrid (lolium multiflorum × festuca arundinacea). | the grass festulolium, a hybrid between the genera festuca and lolium , has a variety of beneficial agronomic attributes derived from both parents. compared with high-ploidy festulolium, diploid festulolium is well suited to stabilizing ploidy and for studying agronomic traits and genetic relationships. we sought to produce a diploid festulolium hybrid that was resistant to summer depression, by hybridizing diploid lolium multiflorum lam. and hexaploid festuca arundinacea schreb., which has a hi ... | 2012 | 22856536 |
| assessment of fluorescein-based fluorescent dyes for tracing neotyphodium endophytes in planta. | fluorescent dyes were assessed for their ability to stain viable hyphae of the fungi neotyphodium lolii and n. coenophialum, symbiotic endophytes of the pooideae grasses lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea, respectively. the fluorescein-based fluorophores; fluorescein diacetate (fda), 5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (cfda), 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (cmfda) and the chitin-binding stain, calcofluor while m2r, were assessed for staining of endophyte hyphae in vitro from axenic fung ... | 2013 | 22802389 |
| molecular evidence for neotyphodium fungal endophyte variation and specificity within host grass species. | host specificity of neotyphodium species symbiotic with three grass species, festuca arundinacea, festuca pratensis and lolium perenne, was studied based on comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp) between hosts and their corresponding endophytes. endophytic fungi were isolated from 24 accessions of host plants. neotyphodium identity was determined based on morphological characteristics observed in cultures and polymerase chain reaction analysis using specific primers. the r ... | 2012 | 22675051 |
| genome-wide snp identification in multiple morphotypes of allohexaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb). | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) provide essential tools for the advancement of research in plant genomics, and the development of snp resources for many species has been accelerated by the capabilities of second-generation sequencing technologies. the current study aimed to develop and use a novel bioinformatic pipeline to generate a comprehensive collection of snp markers within the agriculturally important pasture grass tall fescue; an outbreeding allopolyploid species displaying three ... | 2012 | 22672128 |
| genotypic and chemotypic diversity of neotyphodium endophytes in tall fescue from greece. | epichloid endophytes provide protection from a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses for cool-season grasses, including tall fescue. a collection of 85 tall fescue lines from 15 locations in greece, including both continental and mediterranean germplasm, was screened for the presence of native endophytes. a total of 37 endophyte-infected lines from 10 locations were identified, and the endophytes were classified into five distinct groups (g1 to g5) based on physical characteristics such as colo ... | 2012 | 22660705 |
| gas chromatographic-olfactometric aroma profile and quantitative analysis of volatile carbonyls of grilled beef from different finishing feed systems. | in this study, the important odor impact volatiles generated in the meat of grilled beef loin muscle were characterized. animals were finished in 4 different diet systems: t₁, pasture (a mixture of medicago sativa, trifolium repens, and festuca arundinacea); t₂, pasture supplemented with cracked corn grain (offered at 0.6% live weight, lw); t₃, pasture supplemented with cracked corn grain (offered at 1.2% lw); and t₄, concentrate (pellets with 85% corn and 12.8% sunflower, on a dry-matter basis) ... | 2012 | 22591324 |
| polyphenol oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of tall fescue contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (pops) is a key step in the elucidation of pop metabolic mechanisms in plants. however, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of pop-contaminated plants. to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) using a greenhouse ... | 2016 | 22565262 |
| [effects of different irrigation minima on green period and cold-resistance physiological indices of festuca arundinacea]. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation minima [80% field capacity (fc), 70% fc, 60% fc and 50% fc] from late autumn to early winter on the green period and cold-resistance of festuca arundinacea. under the low temperature in winter, treatments 80% fc and 70% fc made the leaf relative water content, pod, cat, and sod activities, and chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and free proline contents of f. arundinacea maintained at a higher level, but made the mda content an ... | 2012 | 22489477 |
| modification of esterified cell wall phenolics increases vulnerability of tall fescue to herbivory by the fall armyworm. | feruloylation of arabinoxylan in grass cell walls leads to cross-linked xylans. such cross-linking appears to play a role in plant resistance to pathogens and insect herbivores. in this study, we investigated the effect of ferulate cross-linking on resistance to herbivory by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) making use of genetically modified tall fescue [schedonorus arundinaceus (festuca arundinacea)] expressing a ferulic acid esterase gene. mature leaves of these plants have significant re ... | 2012 | 22434315 |
| steer and pasture responses for a novel endophyte tall fescue developed for the upper transition zone. | a 2-yr grazing experiment was conducted with crossbred steers (8 to 10 mo and with initial bw of 304 kg ± 34 kg in 2008 and 277 kg ± 24 in 2009) to evaluate animal performance and pasture responses of a late maturing tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh; kyfa9301] population infected with the ar584 novel, non-toxic endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum; ne9301) as compared with kentucky 31 fescue infected with the common toxic endophyte strain (ky31), 'jesup' maxq fescue infected wi ... | 2012 | 22287669 |
| molecular characterisation and interpretation of genetic diversity within globally distributed germplasm collections of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and meadow fescue (f. pratensis huds.). | allohexaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. syn. lolium arundinaceum [schreb.] darbysh.) is an agriculturally important grass cultivated for pasture and turf world-wide. genetic improvement of tall fescue could benefit from the use of non-domesticated germplasm to diversify breeding populations through the incorporation of novel and superior allele content. however, such potential germplasm must first be characterised, as three major morphotypes (continental, mediterranean and rhizoma ... | 2012 | 22222441 |
| male-sterile and cleistogamous phenotypes in tall fescue induced by chimeric repressors of superwoman1 and osmads58. | since tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is an anemophilous (wind-pollinated) grass species, male sterility is strongly desired for transgenic tall fescue to prevent pollen dispersal. to create male-sterile tall fescue, we applied chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (cres-t) based on rice apetala3 (ap3) and agamous (ag) orthologues that specify the formation of stamens. we fused the coding regions of rice ap3 orthologue superwoman1 (spw1), and rice ag orthologues, os12g0207000, o ... | 2012 | 22195592 |
| phytoremediation and removal mechanisms in bouteloua curtipendula growing in sterile hydrocarbon spiked cultures. | tolerance index and phytoremediation factors of side oats grama (bouteloua curtipendula) with recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) phenanthrene (phe), pyrene (pyr), and benzo[a]pyrene (bap) and the resulting impact on phenotypic response, were evaluated in sterile conditions with whole plant growing in test-tube cultures with ms medium with pah and compared with tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), control for this study. pah mixture of phe, pyr and bap (1:1:1 w/w/w) blended with ma ... | 2011 | 21972507 |
| glutathione s-transferases in festuca arundinacea: identification, characterization and inducibility by safener benoxacor. | over recent years it has emerged how certain no crop-species can be employed in phytoremediating contaminated soils or preventing herbicide pollution; in this contest festuca arundinacea was investigated. shoots of festuca were submitted to fast protein liquid chromatography in order to identify their glutathione s-transferases (gst; ec 2.5.1.18), by a combination of anionic, affinity and rp-hplc chromatography. the chromatographic procedure revealed satisfactory yield and four gsts were identif ... | 2007 | 17640691 |
| frequency, type, and distribution of est-ssrs from three genotypes of lolium perenne, and their conservation across orthologous sequences of festuca arundinacea, brachypodium distachyon, and oryza sativa. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species. they are used for cultivar identification, variety protection, as anchor markers in genetic mapping, and in marker-assisted breeding. currently, a limited number of ssr markers are publicly available for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). we report on the exploitation of a comprehensive est collection in l. perenne for ssr identification. the objectives of this ... | 2007 | 17626623 |
| nitrate losses, nutrients and heavy metal accumulation from substrates assembled for urban soils reconstruction. | urban soils may suffer mild to severe degradation as a result of physical and chemical alterations. to reconstruct these soils, a new upper horizon must be created, usually through the application of organic matter, one source of which is biosolids. different soil mixtures were evaluated with regard to loss of nitrates in percolates and the uptake and incorporation of nutrients and heavy metals into plant tissues. the experiment was conducted in trays; treatments were mixtures of biosolids and a ... | 2008 | 17904270 |
| atmospheric vapor pressure deficit is critical in predicting growth response of "cool-season" grass festuca arundinacea to temperature change. | there is a lack of information on plant response to multifactor environmental variability including the interactive response to temperature and atmospheric humidity. these two factors are almost always confounded because saturated vapor pressure increases exponentially with temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (vpd) could have a large impact on plant growth. in this study using climate controlled mini-greenhouses, we examined the interacting influence of temperature and vpd on long-term growt ... | 2007 | 17955259 |
| in vitro evaluation of germination and growth of five plant species on medium supplemented with hydrocarbons associated with contaminated soils. | the effect of a hydrocarbon mixture (hcm) of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and maya crude oil on germination, growth and survival of four grasses (bouteloua curtipendula, cenchrus ciliaris, echinochloa crusgalli and rhynchelytrum repens) was studied and compared to a control (festuca arundinacea) under in vitro conditions. the species were cultured on ms medium with different hcm initial concentrations. germination was not affected for any assayed concentration; however, the lengt ... | 2008 | 18222086 |
| phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil: part i. dissipation of target contaminants. | phytoremediation has been demonstrated to be a viable cleanup alternative for soils contaminated with petroleum products. this study evaluated the application of phytoremediation to soil from a manufactured gas plant (mgp) site with high concentrations of recalcitrant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). two greenhouse studies investigated the potential dissipation and plant translocation of pahs by fescue (festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (panicum virgatum) in the first experiment and ... | 2016 | 18246723 |
| analysis of tall fescue ests representing different abiotic stresses, tissue types and developmental stages. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) is a major cool season forage and turf grass species grown in the temperate regions of the world. in this paper we report the generation of a tall fescue expressed sequence tag (est) database developed from nine cdna libraries representing tissues from different plant organs, developmental stages, and abiotic stress factors. the results of inter-library and library-specific in silico expression analyses of these ests are also reported. | 2008 | 18318913 |
| e/z-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rhamnoside, pyrrolizidine conjugates produced by grasses (poaceae). | based on direct infusion mass spectrometry we identified a novel alkaloid as a major component of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). initial mass spectral data suggested it to be a pyrrolizidine conjugate. as this class of alkaloids has not been described before from grasses, we isolated it to elucidate its structure. the isolated alkaloid proved to be a mixture of two stereoisomers. the structures of the two compounds as determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, were e-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rh ... | 2008 | 18466931 |
| lead accumulation by tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grown on a lead-contaminated soil. | phytoextraction is gaining acceptance as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly phytoremediation strategy for reducing toxic metal levels from contaminated soils. cognizant of the potential of this phytoremediation technique as an alternative to expensive engineering-based remediation technologies, experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of some plants as phytoextraction species. from one of our preliminary studies, we found that tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. cv. ... | 2005 | 16705822 |
| a validated method for gas chromatographic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tall fescue herbage. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in animals that is also found in plants and has been associated with plant responses to stress. a simple and relatively rapid method of gaba separation and quantification was developed from a commercially available kit for serum amino acids (phenomenex ez:faast) and validated for tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). extraction in ethanol/water (80:20, v/v) at ambient temperature yielded detectable amounts of gaba. clean separation fr ... | 2008 | 18558696 |
| enhancement of phenanthrene and pyrene degradation in rhizosphere of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | a greenhouse experiment was conducted with varying concentrations of phenanthrene (11-344 mg kg(-1)) and pyrene (15-335 mg kg(-1)) spiked in the soil to evaluate the phytoremediation of pahs contaminated soil using tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). after 65-day of tall fescue growth, plant biomass, microbial viable counts, dehydrogenase activity, water-soluble phenolic compounds, phenanthrene and pyrene residual concentrations and removal percentages were determined. the results showed that tar ... | 2009 | 19150175 |
| isolation and identification of a cold-inducible gene encoding a putative dre-binding transcription factor from festuca arundinacea. | a new dre-binding protein gene fadreb1 encoded for an ap2/erfbp-type transcription factor was isolated by race-pcr from festuca arundinacea schreb seedlings. its cdna was sequenced with 988 bp, from which a protein with 216 amino acid residues was deduced with a predicted molecular mass of 23.479 kda and a pi of 4.70. a search of the protein blast data revealed that this protein can be classified as a typical member of the ap2/erebp family of dna-binding proteins. the tissue organ-specific expre ... | 2005 | 15854831 |
| benoxacor induction of terbuthylazine detoxification in zea mays and festuca arundinacea. | the action of safener benoxacor on the detoxification of terbuthylazine (tba) in zea mays and festuca arundinacea was ascertained by the investigation of the effects of benoxacor on the activity of glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) in the shoots of the two plant species. tba treatment generally reduced gst activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) in corn and did not affect the enzyme activity in festuca. when applied alone, benoxacor stimulated gst activity in both plants; however, whe ... | 2005 | 15796583 |
| a trade-off between nitrogen uptake and use increases responsiveness to elevated co2 in infrequently cut mixed c3 grasses. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the responsiveness of mixed c3 grass species to elevated co2 is related more to nitrogen uptake or to n-use efficiency. nitrogen uptake and whole-plant n-use efficiency were investigated with two binary mixtures: lolium perenne was mixed either with festuca arundinacea or with holcus lanatus. the swards were grown on sand with or without co2 doubling, and subjected to two cutting frequencies. a c20 alcohol was used as a marker to determine species pr ... | 2005 | 15760365 |
| hydrolytic methods for the quantification of fructose equivalents in herbaceous biomass. | a low, but significant, fraction of the carbohydrate portion of herbaceous biomass may be composed of fructose/fructosyl-containing components ("fructose equivalents"); such carbohydrates include sucrose, fructooligosaccharides, and fructans. standard methods used for the quantification of structural-carbohydrate-derived neutral monosaccharide equivalents in biomass are not particularly well suited for the quantification of fructose equivalents due to the inherent instability of fructose in cond ... | 2009 | 19333562 |
| chromosome pairing of individual genomes in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), its progenitors, and hybrids with italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). | a diploid-like pairing system prevents meiotic irregularities and improves the efficiency of gamete production in allopolyploid species. while the nature of the system is known in some polyploid crops including wheat, little is known about the control of chromosome pairing in polyploid fescues (festuca spp.). in this work we studied chromosome pairing in allohexaploid f. arundinacea, its progenitors f. pratensis and f. glaucescens, and two intergeneric hybrids lolium multiflorum (2x) x f. arundi ... | 2009 | 19420930 |
| impact of gypsum applied to grass buffer strips on reducing soluble p in surface water runoff. | the threat of p transport from land applied manure has resulted in water quality concerns. research was conducted to evaluate gypsum as a soil amendment applied to grass buffer strips for reducing soluble p in surface runoff. a simulated concentrated flow was created in an established tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture. poultry litter (pl) was applied at a rate of 250 kg n ha(-1) to the upper 3.05 m of each plot, while gypsum was applied at rates of 0, 1, 3.2, and 5.6 mg ha-1to th ... | 2013 | 19465727 |
| aphid genotypes vary in their response to the presence of fungal endosymbionts in host plants. | genetic variation for fitness-relevant traits may be maintained in natural populations by fitness differences that depend on environmental conditions. for herbivores, plant quality and variation in chemical plant defences can maintain genetic variation in performance. apart from plant secondary compounds, symbiosis between plants and endosymbiotic fungi (endophytes) can produce herbivore-toxic compounds. we show that there is significant variation among aphid genotypes in response to endophytes ... | 2009 | 19549139 |
| water and phosphorus content affect pah dissipation in spiked soil planted with mycorrhizal alfalfa and tall fescue. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) dissipation efficiency can be increased in the plant rhizosphere, but may be affected by various environmental factors. we investigated the effects of the watering regime and phosphorus concentration on pah dissipation in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants in a pot experiment. two plant species, alfalfa (medicago sativa) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), were co-cultured and inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (glomus intraradices) ... | 2009 | 19775720 |
| preliminary note on potential use of forage crops for soil phytoremediation of dieldrin. | the aim of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of using tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) for phytoremediation of dieldrin. experimental trial was carried out in greenhouse with temperature and light control. each tested crop were seeded in individual pots (10 plants/pot) filled with contaminated soil (47 microg/kg dieldrin) and uncontaminated soil collected in sites located in the province of latina (italy). samples of soil, root, and aerial part of plants w ... | 2010 | 21542488 |
| the complete chloroplast genome of tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum; poaceae) and comparison of whole plastomes from the family poaceae. | in this paper, we describe the complete chloroplast genome of lolium arundinaceum. this sequence is the culmination of a long-term project completed by >400 undergraduates who took general genetics at middle tennessee state university from 2004-2007. it was undertaken in an attempt to introduce these students to an open-ended experiential/exploratory lesson to produce and analyze novel data. the data they produced should provide the necessary information for both phylogenetic comparisons and pla ... | 2010 | 21622366 |
| festuca arundinacea, glutathione s-transferase and herbicide safeners: a preliminary case study to reduce herbicidal pollution. | the expression of glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity in festuca arundinacea was investigated in response to the following herbicide safeners: benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazol-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim and oxabetrinil. all the above compounds enhanced the gst activity tested towards the "model" substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). assays of gst activity towards the herbicides terbuthylazine (n(2)-tert-butyl-6-chloro-n(4)-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and butachlor ... | 2009 | 20183093 |
| genome-wide profiling and analysis of festuca arundinacea mirnas and transcriptomes in response to foliar glyphosate application. | glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide which has been widely used for non-selective weed control in turfgrass management. festuca arundinacea cv. falcon was shown to be one of the tolerant turfgrass species in response to varying levels of glyphosate [5% (1.58 mm), 20% (6.32 mm)] recommended for weed control. however, there is a lack of knowledge on the mrna expression patterns and mirna, critical regulators of gene expression, in response to varying levels of glyphosate treatments. here, we i ... | 2010 | 20213187 |
| evolutionary history of tall fescue morphotypes inferred from molecular phylogenetics of the lolium-festuca species complex. | the agriculturally important pasture grass tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. syn. lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh.) is an outbreeding allohexaploid, that may be more accurately described as a species complex consisting of three major (continental, mediterranean and rhizomatous) morphotypes. observation of hybrid infertility in some crossing combinations between morphotypes suggests the possibility of independent origins from different diploid progenitors. this study aims to clarify ... | 2010 | 20937141 |
| effect of endophytic fungi on cadmium tolerance and bioaccumulation by festuca arundinacea and festuca pratensis. | endophytic fungi are a group of fungi that live asymptomatically inside plant tissue. these fungi may increase host plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. the effect of neotyphodium endophytes in two grass species (festuca arundinacea and festuca pratensis) on cadmium (cd) tolerance, accumulation and translocation has been our main objective. the plants were grown in a hydroponic system under different cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg l(-1)) for 6 weeks. they were also grown in so ... | 2010 | 21166279 |
| effects of humic acid on phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals. | the use of humic acid (ha) to enhance the efficiency of phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil contaminated with diesel fuel was evaluated in this study. a sample of soil was artificially contaminated with commercially available diesel fuel to an initial total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph) concentration of 2300 mg/kg and four heavy metals with concentrations of 400 mg/kg for pb, 200 mg/kg for cu, 12 mg/kg for cd, and 160 mg/kg for ni. three plant species, brassica campestris, festuca ... | 2011 | 22432335 |
| isolation and characterization of a chlorophyll degradation regulatory gene from tall fescue. | the non-yellowing gene (nye1), initially identified from arabidopsis, is a key regulatory gene responsible for chlorophyll degradation during senescence. here, fanye1, an orthologue of atnye1, was further identified from a major type of cool-season turf grass, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), by race-pcr. it consists of 1,441 bp, with an open reading frame of 834 bp, encoding a predicted polypeptide of 278 amino acids. sequence similarity as well as exon and intron characteristics clea ... | 2011 | 21327390 |
| growth of endophyte, neotyphodium, and its host plant, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), under 3d-clinorotation. | growth of a filamentous fungus endophyte, neotyphodium, and its host plant, tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, was examined during the seed germination process under pseudo-microgravity [correction of micrgravity] generated by three dimensional (3d-) clinorotation. the shoot growth of tall fescue infected with the endophyte was remarkably suppressed on a 3d-clinostat compared with that of the ground control. without being infected, shoot growth of tall fescue was not strongly affected by the 3d-c ... | 2003 | 12897463 |
| endophytic fungus improves growth and metal uptake of lolium arundinaceum darbyshire ex. schreb. | the effect of endophyte infection on plant growth, cadmium (cd) uptake, and cd translocation was investigated using tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) grown in greenhouses in contaminated solution. endophyte infection significantly increased tiller number and biomass of the host grass under both control and cd-stress conditions. endophyte infection not only enhanced cd accumulation in tall fescue, but also improved cd transport from the root to the shoot. under 20 mg l(-1) cd stress, the phytoext ... | 2011 | 21598789 |
| glutathione peroxidases in lolium multiflorum and festuca arundinacea: activity, susceptibility to herbicides and characteristics. | to evidence a possible mechanism of defense toward oxidative stress induced by herbicides in plants, an investigation was carried on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (gpx) in italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and in festuca (festuca arundinacea) in response to atrazine (6-chloro-n-ethyl-n'-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and fluorodifen (4-nitrophenyl α,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether). in general, the herbicide treatments significantly induced gpx activity in the shoots of i ... | 2011 | 21867410 |
| terrestrial microcosms in a feasibility study on the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. | phytoremediation and bioremediation are site-specific processes, and feasibility studies should be performed as an initial step in scaling-up these processes. soil microcosms can be a useful tool for investigating the efficiency of remediation alternatives under realistic conditions. in the present study, the degradation of diesel fuel in soil was studied in artificially assembled microcosms during a 180-day experiment. microcosms consisted of soil columns seeded with a mix of festuca arundinace ... | 2011 | 21907410 |
| introgression mapping of genes for winter hardiness and frost tolerance transferred from festuca arundinacea into lolium multiflorum. | genes for winter hardiness and frost tolerance were introgressed from festuca arundinacea into winter-sensitive lolium multiflorum. two partly fertile, pentaploid (2n = 5x = 35) f(1) hybrids f. arundinacea (2n = 6x = 42) x l. multiflorum (2n = 4x = 28) were generated and backcrossed twice onto l. multiflorum (2x). the backcross 1 (bc(1)) and backcross 2 (bc(2)) plants were preselected for high vigor and good fertility, and subsequently, a total of 83 bc(2) plants were selected for winter hardine ... | 2007 | 17621586 |
| genotyping of somatic hybrids between festuca arundinacea schreb. and triticum aestivum l. | in order to genotype hybrid genomes of distant asymmetric somatic hybrids, we synthesized hybrid calli and plants via peg-mediated protoplast fusion between recipient tall fescue (festuca. arundinacea schreb.) and donor wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seventeen and 25 putative hybrid clones were produced from the fusion combinations i and ii, each with the donor wheat protoplast treated by uv light for 30 s and 1 min, respectively. isozyme and rapd profiles confirmed that ten hybrid clones were ob ... | 2007 | 17594098 |