| use of bran fractions and debranned kernels for the development of pasta with high nutritional and healthy potential. | the quality of pasta produced with debranning products (bran fractions, bf, and debranned kernels, dk) of durum wheat was investigated by evaluating their total antioxidant capacity, occurrence of nutritional and bioactive compounds, and sensory properties. two pasta samples, produced with bf-enriched semolina (bf pasta) or only with micronized dk (dk pasta), respectively, were compared with pasta made with traditional semolina (control pasta). bf pasta and dk pasta displayed significantly highe ... | 0 | 28193436 |
| improving of nutraceutical features of many important mediterranean vegetables by inoculation with a new commercial product. | several epidemiological studies show that fruits, vegetables and cereals can play a nutraceutical role for their content of many antioxidant phytochemicals such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid and phenolics. a commercial inoculant (micosat f(®)) containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) could improve the nutritional value in crops. the goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of amf on the production level of carotenoids, asa, phenols including antocyanins and saponins, proteins, total ant ... | 0 | 26044864 |
| ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat. | after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ... | 0 | 27790934 |
| the eyespot resistance genes pch1 and pch2 of wheat are not homoeoloci. | phenotyping and mapping data reveal that chromosome intervals containing eyespot resistance genes pch1 and pch2 on 7d and 7a, respectively, do not overlap, and thus, these genes are not homoeloci. eyespot is a stem-base fungal disease of cereals growing in temperate regions. two main resistances are currently available for use in wheat. pch1 is a potent single major gene transferred to wheat from aegilops ventricosa and located on the distal end of chromosome 7d. pch2, a moderate resistance deri ... | 0 | 27665367 |
| comparison of volatiles profile and contents of trichothecenes group b, ergosterol, and atp of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale grain naturally contaminated by mycobiota. | in natural conditions cereals can be infested by pathogenic fungi. these can reduce the grain yield and quality by contamination with mycotoxins which are harmful for plants, animals, and humans. to date, performed studies of the compounds profile have allowed for the distinction of individual species of fungi. the aim of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds and trichothecenes of group b, ergosterol, adenosine triphosphate content carried out on a representative sample o ... | 0 | 27597856 |
| molecular speciation and tissue compartmentation of zinc in durum wheat grains with contrasting nutritional status. | low concentration of zinc (zn) in the endosperm of cereals is a major factor contributing to zn deficiency in human populations. we have investigated how combined zn and nitrogen (n) fertilization affects the speciation and localization of zn in durum wheat (triticum durum). zn-binding proteins were analysed with liquid chromatography icp-ms and orbitrap ms(2) , respectively. laser ablation icp-ms with simultaneous zn, sulphur (s) and phosphorus (p) detection was used for bioimaging of zn and it ... | 0 | 27159614 |
| use of purple durum wheat to produce naturally functional fresh and dry pasta. | in this study, the effects of different milling procedures (roller-milling vs. stone-milling) and pasta processing (fresh vs. dried spaghetti), and cooking on the antioxidant components and sensory properties of purple durum wheat were investigated. milling and pasta processing were performed using one purple and one conventional non-pigmented durum wheat genotypes, and the end-products were compared with commercial pasta. the results show that the stone milling process preserved more compounds ... | 0 | 27006230 |
| copy number variation of cbf-a14 at the fr-a2 locus determines frost tolerance in winter durum wheat. | frost tolerance in durum wheat is mainly controlled by copy number variation of cbf - a14 at the fr - a2 locus. frost tolerance is a key trait for successful breeding of winter durum wheat (triticum durum) which can increase the yield performance in regions favoring autumn-sown winter cereals. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of frost tolerance in order to provide molecular support for the breeding of winter durum wheat. to this end, a diverse panel of 170 winter ... | 0 | 26883046 |
| uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops. | the separation of toxic effects of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) by the current methods of mixed salts and subsequent determination of their relevance to breeding has been problematic. we report a novel method (na(+) humate) to study the ionic effects of na(+) toxicity without interference from cl(-), and ionic and osmotic effects when combined with salinity (nacl). three cereal species (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum ssp. durum with and without the na(+) exclusio ... | 0 | 26607560 |
| characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification. | agronomic biofortification of staple crops is an effective way to enhance their contents in essential nutrients up the food chain, with a view to correcting for their deficiencies in animal or human status. selenium (se) is one such case, for its uneven distribution in the continental crust and, therefore, in agricultural lands easily translates into substantial variation in nutritional intakes. cereals are far from being the main sources of se on a content basis, but they are likely the major c ... | 0 | 26139888 |
| differential co2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | c sink/source balance and n assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated co2 . however, little is known about phenology-driven modifications of c and n primary metabolism at elevated co2 in cereals such as wheat. here, we examined the differential effect of elevated co2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (triticum durum, var. sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), ... | 0 | 26081746 |
| folate distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum desf.) pearled fractions. | wholegrain cereals are an important source of folates. in this study, total folate was analysed in pearled fractions of barley and wheat cultivars employing aoac official method 2004.05. in particular, the distribution of folate in the kernels was evaluated in three barley cultivars (two hulled types and a hulless one as well as two- and six-row types) and in a common and a durum wheat cultivar. | 0 | 26018777 |
| digestibility of pasta made with three wheat types: a preliminary study. | the aim of this study was to assess the digestibility of the protein and starch in pasta made with different cereals, i.e. triticum durum, triticum polonicum and triticum dicoccum, and to measure the glycemic index (gi) of the different types of pasta. the digestibility of the starch in t.polonicum pasta differed significantly from the others. it seemed to be less digested than dicoccum and durum wheat pasta. t.polonicum pasta also had a lower glycemic index, while there were no significant diff ... | 0 | 25529673 |
| bioavailability and metabolism of hydroxycinnamates in rats fed with durum wheat aleurone fractions. | the consumption of wholemeal cereals has been associated with the reduced risk of several chronic diseases, and the mechanisms behind these protective effects may be linked, besides dietary fiber and micronutrients, to an increased intake of hydroxycinnamates contained in the bran. among bran fractions, aleurone usually contains the highest concentration of ferulic acid and diferulic acid esters linked to arabinoxylans representing the most relevant subclasses. the aim of the present study was t ... | 0 | 24977665 |
| gluten and wheat intolerance today: are modern wheat strains involved? | celiac disease is a food-induced enteropathy resulting from exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. the non-celiac gluten sensitivity (ncgs) is a less known syndrome whose prevalence is under-estimated. the last decades have seen changes in the clinical presentation of both diseases. one possible explanation is that changes in the gluten-rich cereals themselves were the principal causes. celiac-triggering gluten proteins are indeed expressed to higher levels in modern cereals ... | 0 | 24524657 |
| grain yields and disease resistance as selection criteria for introduction of new varieties of small grain cereal in lubumbashi, d.r. congo. | wheat production in african countries is a major challenge for their development, considering their increasing consumption of wheat flour products. in the democratic republic of congo, wheat and wheat-based products are the important imported food products although there is a potential for the cultivation of small grain cereals such as durum wheat, wheat and triticale. trials done in lubumbashi in the katanga province have shown that septoria leaf blotch, septoria glume blotch and fusarium head ... | 0 | 26072585 |
| increase in transcript accumulation of psy1 and e-lcy genes in grain development is associated with differences in seed carotenoid content between durum wheat and tritordeum. | carotenoid rich diets have been associated with lower risk of certain diseases. the great importance of cereals in human diet has directed breeding programs towards carotenoid enhancement to alleviate these deficiencies in developing countries and to offer new functional foods in the developed ones. the new cereal tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebener) derived from durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and the wild barley hordeum chilense, naturally presents carotenoid levels 5-8 t ... | 0 | 24306494 |
| contribution of the ear and the flag leaf to grain filling in durum wheat inferred from the carbon isotope signature: genotypic and growing conditions effects. | the ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in c3 cereals. however, the intrusive nature of most of the available methodologies prevents reaching conclusive results in this regard. this study compares the carbon isotope composition (δ(13)c) in its natural abundance in the water-soluble fractions of the flag leaf blade and the ear with the δ(13)c of mature kernels to assess the relative contribution of both organs to grain ... | 0 | 24028829 |
| variability and expression profile of the drf1 gene in four cultivars of durum wheat and one triticale under moderate water stress conditions. | the dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) proteins are important transcription factors that contribute to stress endurance in plants triggering the expression of a set of abiotic stress-related genes. a dreb2-related gene, previously referred to as dehydration responsive factor 1 (drf1) was originally isolated and characterized in durum wheat. the aim of this study was to monitor the expression profiles of three alternatively spliced tddrf1 transcripts during dehydration experiments and ... | 0 | 23184317 |
| an endogenous reference gene of common and durum wheat for detection of genetically modified wheat. | to develop a method for detecting gm wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (prp) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum durum l.). real-time pcr analysis showed that only dna of wheat was amplified and no amplification product was observed for phylogenetically related cereals, indicating that the prp detection system is specific to wheat. the intensities of the amplification products and ... | 0 | 23154759 |
| development of methods to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat in blended flour using pcr. | a pcr-based method was developed to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat by leveraging slight differences of dna sequence in starch synthase ii (ss ii) coded on wheat a, b and d genomes. a primer pair, ss ii ex7-u/l, was designed to hybridize with a conserved dna sequence region found in ss ii-a, b and d genes. another primer pair, ss ii-d 1769u/1889l, was constructed to recognize a unique sequence in the ss ii-d gene. the target region of ss ii ex7-u/l with the size of 114 bp ... | 0 | 23154758 |
| development and validation of an hplc-method for determination of free and bound phenolic acids in cereals after solid-phase extraction. | whole cereal grains are a good source of phenolic acids associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. this paper reports the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (hplc-dad) method for the determination of phenolic acids in cereals in either free or bound form. extraction of free phenolic acids and clean-up was performed by an optimised solid-phase extraction (spe) protocol on oasis hlb cartridges using aqueous methanol as eluant. the me ... | 0 | 25005991 |
| a comparison of contents of group a and b trichothecenes and microbial counts in different cereal species. | concentrations of trichothecenes and the amounts of microbial biomass were compared in grain of bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, rye, oat and barley. grain samples came from lines regionalised in poland grown under identical climatic and agricultural conditions in 2007. among the six analysed cereals, the highest mean concentration of toxic metabolites of 151.89 µg/kg was found for grain of triticum durum, whereas the lowest was for barley grain (25.56 µg/kg). the highest contamination with ... | 0 | 24779779 |
| genotype-dependent efficiency of endosperm development in culture of selected cereals: histological and ultrastructural studies. | the paper reports studies, including histological and ultrastructural analyses, of in vitro cell proliferation and development of immature endosperm tissue isolated from caryopses of triticum aestivum, triticum durum, and triticosecale plants. endosperm isolated at 7-10 days post-anthesis developed well on ms medium supplemented with auxins and/or cytokinins. the efficiency of endosperm response was highly genotype-dependent and best in two winter cultivars of hexaploid species. the pathways of ... | 0 | 22643840 |
| biotechnology and pasta-making: lactic acid bacteria as a new driver of innovation. | cereals-derived foods represent a key constituent in the diet of many populations. in particular, pasta is consumed in large quantities throughout the world in reason of its nutritive importance, containing significant amounts of complex carbohydrates, proteins, b-vitamins, and iron. lactic acid bacteria (lab) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that play a key role in the production of fermented foods and beverages with high relevance for human and animal health. a wide literature testifies t ... | 0 | 22457660 |
| optimization and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for the separation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in cereals, employing a novel sorbent material. | the separation and determination of tocopherols (ts) and tocotrienols (t3s) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. analytes were separated on a perfectsil target ods-3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column filled with a novel sorbent material of ultrapure silica gel. the separation of ts and t3s was optimized in terms of mobile-phase com ... | 0 | 22324450 |
| residues of pirimiphos-methyl in cereals and processed fractions following post harvest spray application. | the aim of this work was to comparatively assess the persistence of pirimiphos methyl residues in cereals and in their milling fractions after spray application in post harvest. an analytical method, based on a slightly modified quechers extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) determination was validated: mean recovery was in the range 73% to 92% depending on the spiking level, and precision as rsd ranged from 11% to 16%. the analysis of treated samples r ... | 0 | 21726150 |
| development and validation of an hplc method for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids in cereals after solid-phase extraction. | the increasing interest in antioxidant properties of cereal and cereal-based products has prompted the development of a simple and reliable hplc method for the simultaneous determination of important phytochemicals like tocopherols (t), tocotrienols (t3) and carotenoids. separation was carried out on a nucleosil 100 c(18) column, 5 μm (250 mm × 4.6 mm) thermostated at 25 °c, using a linear gradient elution system starting with methanol and ending with a mixture of methanol-isopropanol-acetonitri ... | 0 | 21506271 |
| evaluation of the technological characteristics and bread-making quality of alternative wheat cereals in comparison with common and durum wheat. | the growing sensibility toward those foods that are characterized by natural and healthy features has raised the interest toward alternative wheat cereals. this research was carried out to compare the technological characteristics and the bread-making quality of khorasan wheat, type kamut and spelt (cv. forenza), to those of common (cv. rio) and durum wheat (cv. norba). the results obtained show that both forenza and kamut gave an acceptable bread-making performance. a certain variability affect ... | 0 | 21421673 |
| identification of candidate genes associated with senescence in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) using cdna-aflp. | senescence is an integrated response of plants to various internal (developmental) and external (environmental) signals. it is a highly regulated process leading eventually to the death of cells, single organs such as leaves, or even whole plants. in cereals, which are monocarpic plants, senescence represents the final stage of development. in order to study senescence in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum), a cdna-aflp analysis was performed. the transcription profiles of plants at dif ... | 0 | 21197602 |
| targeted mapping of cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum). | some durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (cd) in the grain. a major gene controlling grain cd concentration designated as cdu1 has been reported on 5b, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low cd phenotype are currently unknown. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring cdu1 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with ri ... | 0 | 20559817 |
| fate of starch in food processing: from raw materials to final food products. | starch, an essential component of an equilibrated diet, is present in cereals such as common and durum wheat, maize, rice, and rye, in roots and tubers such as potato and cassava, and in legumes such as peas. during food processing, starch mainly undergoes nonchemical transformations. here, we focus on the occurrence of starch in food raw materials, its composition and properties, and its transformations from raw material to final products. we therefore describe a number of predominant food proc ... | 0 | 22129331 |
| toxic, immunostimulatory and antagonist gluten peptides in celiac disease. | celiac disease (cd) is an increasingly diagnosed, permanent autoimmune enteropathy, triggered, in susceptible individuals, by the ingestion of gluten, the alcohol - soluble protein fraction of some cereals, such as wheat, rye and barley. the main protein of wheat gluten is called gliadin, the similar proteins of rye and barley are secalin and hordein, respectively. approximately 96% of cd patients express the hla molecule dq2, while the remainder mostly express the less common haplotype dq8, ref ... | 0 | 19355902 |
| the healthgrain cereal diversity screen: concept, results, and prospects. | one hundred and fifty bread wheat lines and 50 other lines of small-grain cereals (spelt, durum wheat, triticum monococcum, triticum dicoccum, oats, rye, and barley) were selected for diversity in their geographical origin, age, and characteristics. they were grown on a single site in hungary in 2004-2005, harvested, milled, and analyzed for a range of phytochemicals (tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates, alkylresorcinols) and fiber components that are considered to have health benefits. det ... | 0 | 18921969 |
| antagonist peptides of the gliadin t-cell stimulatory sequences: a therapeutic strategy for celiac disease. | celiac disease (cd) is a t helper 1-driven autoimmune permanent enteropathy, triggered in susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of some cereals, such as wheat, rye, and barley. the only available treatment for cd is the life-long withdrawal of gluten-containing foods from the diet. complying with gluten-free diet is difficult and affects the quality of life. therefore, alternative therapies are being investigated. in this paper, we review a new ... | 0 | 18685513 |
| high-density genetic map of durum wheat x wild emmer wheat based on ssr and dart markers. | a genetic linkage map of tetraploid wheat was constructed based on a cross between durum wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) mackey] cultivar langdon and wild emmer wheat [t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (körn.) thell.] accession g18-16. one hundred and fifty-two single-seed descent derived f(6) recombinant inbred lines (rils) were analyzed with a total of 690 loci, including 197 microsatellite and 493 dart markers. linkage analysis defined 14 linkage groups. most markers were mapped to the ... | 0 | 18437346 |
| molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses. | the hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. among members of the triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the puroindoline a, puroindoline b and grain softness protein-1 (gsp-1) genes. puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. the protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are ... | 0 | 18049798 |
| occurrence and variability of mycotoxigenicfusarium species associated to wheat and maize in the south west of spain. | the contamination of cereals with mycotoxins produced by species offusarium is an important risk to human and animal health. the toxigenic profile is different depending on thefusarium species considered and, in some species, differences can also be observed at intraspecific level. information about the distribution and variability of the mycotoxigenicfusarium species allow prediction of the toxins that may occur and to devise control strategies. in this work, the occurrence of mycotoxigenicfusa ... | 0 | 23605578 |
| oxalate content of cereals and cereal products. | detailed knowledge of food oxalate content is of essential importance for dietary treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. dietary oxalate can contribute considerably to the amount of urinary oxalate excretion. because cereal foods play an important role in daily nutrition, the soluble and total oxalate contents of various types of cereal grains, milling products, bread, pastries, and pasta were analyzed using an hplc-enzyme-reactor method. a high total oxalate content (>50 mg/100 g) ... | 0 | 16608223 |
| high transferability of bread wheat est-derived ssrs to other cereals. | the increasing availability of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and related cereals provides a valuable resource of non-anonymous dna molecular markers. in this study, 300 primer pairs were designed from 265 wheat ests that contain microsatellites in order to develop new markers for wheat. their level of transferability in eight related species [triticum durum, t. monococcum, aegilops speltoides, ae. tauschii, rye (secale cereale), barley (hordeum vulgare), agropyron e ... | 0 | 16034582 |
| estimation of color of durum wheat. comparison of wsb, hplc, and reflectance colorimeter measurements. | color is an important parameter involved in the definition of semolina and pasta quality. this character is mainly due to natural pigments (carotenoids) that are present at different levels in cereals and cereal products, due to botanical origin, growing conditions, distribution in the kernel, and technological processes. in food industries, color measurements are usually performed by means of automatic instruments that are rapid and safe, as alternatives to the chemical extraction methods. in t ... | 0 | 15796565 |
| laboratory evaluation of melia azedarach l. and eucalyptus globulus labill. extracts in order to control ocneridia volxemi bolivar (orthoptera, pamphaginae) hoppers. | this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) dry fruit extracts (oil and water) and eucalyptus globulus labill. (myrtaceae) dry leaves extracts (water) on oneridia volxemi hoppers (fifth-instar) feeding on cereals leaves (triticum durum) under laboratory conditions. larva feeding reduced and mortality was significatly (p < 0.05) on cereals leaves sprayed with three concentrations 0, 5, 1 and 2% of oil extracted from melia azederach. in addition, o. volxemi ... | 0 | 15759419 |
| [revealing hereditary variation of winter hardiness in cereals]. | a set of cereal crops and differentiating cultivars was shown to be of utility for identifying the major abiotic factors that limit the survival of winter crops in the cold season of a particular year. with this approach, the season was identified (1997-1998, belgorod) when the survival of cereals depended on the tolerance to anaerobiosis rather than on the frost resistance. differentiation of common wheat cultivars with respect to this property was attributed to a locus designated win1 (winter ... | 0 | 15612569 |
| improved normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of carotenoids in cereals. | besides the health benefits associated with whole-grain consumption, cereals are recognized sources of health-enhancing bioactive components such as carotenoids, which are a group of yellow pigments involved in the prevention of many degenerative diseases and which have been used for a long time as indicators of the color quality of durum wheat and pasta products. this work reports a fast, sensitive, and selective procedure for the extraction and determination of carotenoids from cereals and cer ... | 0 | 15478994 |
| occurrence of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors in cereals. | cereals contain proteinaceous inhibitors of endoxylanases, which affect the efficiency and functionality of these enzymes in cereal processing. this review relates their first discovery in wheat and the subsequent purification of two distinct classes of endoxylanase inhibitors, namely triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi)-type and xylanase inhibitor protein (xip)-type inhibitors in cereals. both inhibitor classes occur in monocots as multi-isoform families. the reported data provide an ove ... | 0 | 14871660 |
| natural co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins b1 and b2 in italian marketed foodstuffs. | a survey was performed to obtain the frequency and levels of contamination by deoxynivalenol (don) and fumonisins b1 and b2 (fb1, fb2) mycotoxins in italian marketed foods. of 202 samples investigated, including raw materials and processed cereal foods (bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits, baby and infant foods), 84% were contaminated with don at levels from 0.007 to 0.930 microg x g(-1) (median 0.065 microg x g(-1)); 26% contained fb1 ranging from 0.010 to 2.870 microg x g(-1) (0.070 micr ... | 0 | 12881130 |
| alkylresorcinols in cereals and cereal products. | the alkylresorcinol (ar) content of 8 commonly consumed cereals, 125 triticum cultivars, milling fractions of wheat and rye, bread, and other cereal products was analyzed. ars were found in wheat (489-1429 microgram/g), rye (720-761 microgram/g), triticale (439-647 microgram/g), and barley (42-51 microgram/g), but not in rice, oats, maize, sorghum, or millet. one durum wheat variety was found to have an exceptionally low level of ars (54 microgram/g) compared to other durum wheat varieties (589- ... | 0 | 12822955 |
| assessment of the agronomic and technological characteristics of triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum schrank and t. spelta l. | recently, the peoples interest in natural and organic products led to a "rediscovery" of hulled wheat, particularly t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum, commonly known as "farro". compared with durum wheat (t. turgidum ssp. durum), farro is characterized by low productivity and low quality semolina and flour, which makes it unsuitable for the production of bread and pasta. in this paper, the agronomic, technological and nutritional characteristics of three new varieties of farro obtained by crossing the t ... | 0 | 12653440 |
| the cold dependent accumulation of cor tmc-ap3 in cereals with contrasting, frost tolerance is regulated by different mrna expression and protein turnover. | the accumulation of specific cold-regulated (cor) proteins is a component of the hardening process and different amount of cor proteins has been related to different degrees of cold tolerance. a number of different mechanisms controls the accumulation of the cor proteins in the plant cells. in this work we describe the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of the cor protein tmc-ap3, a putative chloroplastic amino acid selective channel protein [1] in barley, durum, wheat, emmer and bread whea ... | 0 | 10908804 |
| a small peptide from durum wheat gliadin prevents cell agglutination induced by prolamin-peptides toxic in coeliac disease. | a peptide (m.w. 1157.5 da) able to prevent the agglutination of k562(s) cells induced by the peptic-tryptic prolamine digests of the cereals toxic in coeliac disease (i.e. bread wheat, rye, barley and oat) was characterized as one of the components of the peptic-tryptic digest of durum wheat gliadin. this peptide was synthesized in a high degree of purity with the solid phase method with the applied biosystem 431a. an amino acid sequence was identified in the 1157.5 da peptide as being related t ... | 0 | 9217307 |
| lead and cadmium in some cereal products on the finnish market 1990-91. | lead and cadmium contents were determined in representatively collected (commercial mills, wholesalers) samples of rye flour, breakfast cereals, porridge flakes, muesli cereals and pasta products. the samples were digested by heating them overnight in concentrated hno3. lead and cadmium concentrations were determined by gfaas using a platform and (nh4)h2po4 as a matrix modifier. arc/cl coded wheat flour and other reference materials (nbs 1567a, bcr no. 189, bcr no. 191) were employed for the ana ... | 0 | 8314400 |
| cellular and humoral responses in coeliac disease. 2. protein extracts from different cereals. | the humoral and cellular immune responses to grain protein extracts from coeliac-toxic and non-toxic cereals were compared by use of a number of elisa and immunoblotting methods and the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition factor (lmif) assay. both adult and child coeliacs had elevated levels of serum antibody to proteins from the coeliac-toxic cereals, namely bread wheat, durum wheat, rye and barley and low levels of proteins from other cereals. using protein blotting techniques, antibody bi ... | 0 | 1819454 |
| influence of temperature on infection, growth, and mycotoxin production by fusarium langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides in durum wheat. | information concerning the temperature requirements of the species causing fusarium head blight of small grains is essential for understanding which species cause the disease in different areas and years, for developing weather-driven disease models, and for predicting mycotoxin type and quantity in kernels. the optimal temperature range for growth was 20-25 °c for fusarium langsethiae and 25-30 °c for f. sporotrichioides, and the optimum for production of both t-2 and ht-2 toxins was 15 °c for ... | 2014 | 24387848 |
| volatile metabolite profiling of durum wheat kernels contaminated by fusarium poae. | volatile metabolites from mold contamination have been proposed for the early identification of toxigenic fungi to prevent toxicological risks, but there are no such data available for fusarium poae. f. poae is one of the species complexes involved in fusarium head blight, a cereal disease that results in significant yield losses and quality reductions. the identification of volatile organic compounds associated with f. poae metabolism could provide good markers to indicate early fungal contamin ... | 2014 | 25329776 |
| trichothecene and beauvericin mycotoxin production and genetic variability in fusarium poae isolated from wheat kernels from northern italy. | the importance and widespread incidence of fusarium poae as a natural contaminant of wheat in different climatic areas warrants investigation into the genetic diversity and toxin profile of a northern italy population. eighty-one strains of f. poae isolated from durum wheat kernels, identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and translation elongation factor-1alpha gene sequence analysis, were genetically characterized by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique ... | 2010 | 20204912 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mitigates the negative effects of salinity on durum wheat. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is generally considered to be effective in ameliorating the plant tolerance to salt stress. unfortunately, the comprehension of the mechanisms implicated in salinity stress alleviation by am symbiosis is far from being complete. thus, an experiment was performed by growing durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) plants under salt-stress conditions to evaluate the influence of am symbiosis on both the plant growth and the regulation of a number of genes related to ... | 2017 | 28877207 |
| proteomic insight into the mitigation of wheat root drought stress by arbuscular mycorrhizae. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are plant growth promoters that ameliorate plant-water relations and the nutrient uptake of wheat. in this work, two cultivars of triticum spp., a bread and a durum wheat, grown under drought stress and inoculated or not by amf, are evaluated through a shotgun proteomic approach. the amf association had beneficial effects as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots, in both bread and durum wheat. the beneficial symbiosis was confirmed by measuring morphological and ph ... | 2017 | 28366879 |
| ascorbic acid controls mycosphaerella graminicola in bread and durum wheat through direct effect on the pathogen and indirect action via plant defence. | septoria tritici blotch (stb) caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on wheat. due to the emergence of fungicide-resistant m. graminicola strains and in an effort to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment, considerable interest has been devoted to alternative control strategies. the use of natural products, especially through a defense-activating effect on the host, could be considered. acid ascorbic (aa) is synthesized by plants and most ... | 2015 | 27141744 |
| plant oligosaccharides enhance wheat defence response against septoria leaf blotch. | our work provides the first evidence for elicitation and protection effects of preventive treatments with oligosaccharides (20%)-based new formulation (oligos) against mycosphaerella graminicola, a major pathogen of bread wheat (bw) and durum wheat (dw). in planta oligos treatment led to strongly reduced hyphal growth, penetration, mesophyll colonization and fructification. during the necrotrophic phase, oligos also drastically decreased the production of m. graminicola cwde activities, such as ... | 2015 | 27141743 |
| both mat1-1 and mat1-2 mating types of mycosphaerella graminicola occur at equal frequencies in algeria. | septoria tritici blotch caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is currently the most devastating disease on wheat crops worldwide. mycosphaerella graminicola sexual reproduction involves two mating type idiomorphs that were previously studied in several areas around the world, but not in algeria so far. the objective of this study was thus to determine the frequencies and distribution of m. graminicola mating types in this country. one hundred and twenty monoconidial isolates of this fungus (60 fr ... | 2014 | 26080482 |
| efficacy and modes of action of resistance inducers on two wheat species against mycosphaerella graminicola. | plant resistance inducers could be an alternative to conventional fungicides to control in a more durable and environmentally friendly manner fungal pathogens. here, we tested the protection efficacy and the modes of action of four resistance inducers (r1, r2, r3 and r4) against the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, mycosphaerella graminicola, the most frequently occurring pathogen on wheat crops worldwide. the four inducers were tested on two wheat cultivars, premio (a french bread wheat ... | 2014 | 26080474 |
| global diversity and distribution of three necrotrophic effectors in phaeosphaeria nodorum and related species. | population genetic and phylogenetic studies have shown that phaeosphaeria nodorum is a member of a species complex that probably shares its center of origin with wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum durum). we examined the evolutionary histories of three known necrotrophic effectors (nes) produced by p. nodorum and compared them with neutral loci. we screened over 1000 individuals for the presence/absence of each effector and assigned each individual to a multi-effector genotype. diversity at e ... | 2013 | 23550706 |
| new insights into the roles of host gene-necrotrophic effector interactions in governing susceptibility of durum wheat to tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch. | tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch (snb) are important diseases of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi pyrenophora tritici-repentis and parastagonospora nodorum, respectively. the p. tritici-repentis necrotrophic effector (ne) ptr toxb causes tan spot when recognized by the tsc2 gene. the ne toxa is produced by both pathogens and has been associated with the development of both tan spot and snb when recognized by the wheat tsn1 gene. most work to study these interactions has been conducted ... | 2016 | 27777262 |
| relationship between leaf stages and epistasis for resistance to stagonospora nodorum in durum wheat. | ten varieties and eight generations (2f1, 2f2, 2b1 and 2b2) of durum wheat derived from two crosses were evaluated for resistance to natural infection by stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) at the 2-3 and 6-7 leaf stages at two sites over two years. there were significant differences in the incidence of snb between leaf stages in most of the wheat varieties, with resistance being most evident at the 6-7 leaf stage. separate analyses of the mean values for each generation showed that the genetic me ... | 2012 | 22888293 |
| potential to breed for mycorrhizal association in durum wheat. | the selection of genotypes under high soil fertility may alter the effectiveness of mycorrhizal symbioses naturally forming between crop plants and the mycorrhizal fungi residing in cultivated fields. we tested the hypothesis that the mycorrhizal symbiosis of 5 landraces functions better than the mycorrhizal symbiosis of 27 cultivars of durum wheat that were bred after the development of the fertilizer industry. we examined the development of mycorrhiza and the response of these genotypes to myc ... | 2016 | 26825726 |
| rapd and ssr based genetic diversity analysis of elite-2 set of synthetic hexaploid wheats. | synthetic hexaploid wheats are artificially reconstituted hexaploid wheats that possess high genetic variation which could be utilized for the development of new improved wheat varieties. one such group of synthetic wheats is called the elite-ii set of synthetic wheats that are derived from crossing durum wheat with different aegilops tauschii wheats. | 2014 | 25392574 |
| ab-qtl analysis in winter wheat: i. synthetic hexaploid wheat (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides x t. tauschii) as a source of favourable alleles for milling and baking quality traits. | the advanced backcross qtl (ab-qtl) strategy was utilised to locate quantitative trait loci (qtls) for baking quality traits in two bc(2)f(3) populations of winter wheat. the backcrosses are derived from two german winter wheat cultivars, batis and zentos, and two synthetic, hexaploid wheat accessions, syn022 and syn086. the synthetics originate from hybridisations of wild emmer (t. turgidum spp. dicoccoides) and t. tauschii, rather than from durum wheat and t. tauschii and thus allowed for the ... | 2007 | 17634917 |
| mapping qtls for grain hardness and puroindoline content in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | genes for puroindoline-a (pin-a), puroindoline-b (pin-b) and grain-softness proteins (gsp) have been shown to be linked to the dominant ha locus responsible for the soft texture of the grain. though linkage has been demonstrated of the puroindoline genes to the ha locus, there is no clear evidence that puroindoline content is the product of the gene ha. a segregating population of 115 recombinant inbred lines (rils) originating from a cross between the hexaploid synthetic wheat ( triticum durum ... | 2002 | 12582867 |
| speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. | the growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . this slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generatio ... | 2018 | 29292376 |
| the response of durum wheat to the preceding crop in a mediterranean environment. | crop sequence is an important management practice that may affect durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) production. field research was conducted in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons in a rain-fed cold mediterranean environment to examine the impact of the preceding crops alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), maize (zea mays l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) on yield and n uptake of four durum wheat varieties. the response of grain yield of durum wheat to the preced ... | 2014 | 25401153 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction based assays for quantitative detection of barley, rice, sunflower, and wheat. | quality assurance is a major issue in the food industry. the authenticity of food ingredients and their traceability are required by consumers and authorities. plant species such as barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), sunflower (helianthus annuus), and wheat (triticum aestivum) are very common among the ingredients of many processed food products; therefore the development of specific assays for their specific detection and quantification are needed. furthermore, the production and tr ... | 2005 | 16131102 |
| phytotoxic, clastogenic and bioaccumulation effects of the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol a in various crops grown hydroponically. | the effects of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol a (bpa) at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg l(-1) were evaluated on the germination and morphology, micronuclei (mn) content in root tip cells and bpa bioaccumulation of hydroponic seedlings of broad bean (vicia faba l.), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.), durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) after 6 and 21 days of growth. in general, bpa at any dose used did not inhibit germination and early growth (6 days) of see ... | 2006 | 16292569 |
| optimization of durum wheat bread from a selenium-rich cultivar fortified with bran. | in this work the effect of bran addition (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %) on sensory, nutritional and mechanical properties of bread made from a durum wheat semolina enriched with selenium (cultivar pr22d89) was addressed; traditional and whole-meal bread from the same cultivar pr22d89, without any further bran addition, were also investigated for comparative purpose. in order to improve the durum wheat functional bread, different structuring agents (agar agar, gellan gum, guar seed flour, hy ... | 2016 | 27162413 |
| genome wide association mapping for arabinoxylan content in a collection of tetraploid wheats. | arabinoxylans (axs) are major components of plant cell walls in bread wheat and are important in bread-making and starch extraction. furthermore, arabinoxylans are components of soluble dietary fibre that has potential health-promoting effects in human nutrition. despite their high value for human health, few studies have been carried out on the genetics of ax content in durum wheat. | 2015 | 26176552 |
| discovery of rare mutations in populations: tilling by sequencing. | discovery of rare mutations in populations requires methods, such as tilling (for targeting induced local lesions in genomes), for processing and analyzing many individuals in parallel. previous tilling protocols employed enzymatic or physical discrimination of heteroduplexed from homoduplexed target dna. using mutant populations of rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum durum), we developed a method based on illumina sequencing of target genes amplified from multidimensionally pooled templates ... | 2011 | 21531898 |
| influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae). | differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ... | 2010 | 20568647 |
| a sodium transporter (hkt7) is a candidate for nax1, a gene for salt tolerance in durum wheat. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is more salt sensitive than bread wheat (triticum aestivum). a novel source of na(+) exclusion conferring salt tolerance to durum wheat is present in the durum wheat line 149 derived from triticum monococcum c68-101, and a quantitative trait locus contributing to low na(+) concentration in leaf blades, nax1, mapped to chromosome 2al. in this study, we used the rice (oryza sativa) genome sequence and data from the wheat expressed sequence tag deletion ... | 2006 | 17071645 |
| cacta transposons in triticeae. a diverse family of high-copy repetitive elements. | in comparison with retrotransposons, which comprise the majority of the triticeae genomes, very few class 2 transposons have been described in these genomes. based on the recent discovery of a local accumulation of cacta elements at the glu-a3 loci in the two wheat species triticum monococcum and triticum durum, we performed a database search for additional such elements in triticeae spp. a combination of blast search and dot-plot analysis of publicly available triticeae sequences led to the ide ... | 2003 | 12746511 |
| peroxisomal enzyme activities in attached senescing leaves. | recently it has been demonstrated that detached leaves show glyoxysomal enzyme activities when incubated in darkness for several days. in this report glyoxylate-cycle enzymes have been detected in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum durum l.) from either naturally senescing or dark-treated plants. isolated peroxisomes of rice and wheat show isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1), malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) and β-oxidation activities. leaf peroxisomes from dark-induced senescing leaves ... | 1991 | 24193942 |
| a family of dispersed repeats in the genome of vicia faba: structure, chromosomal organization, redundancy modulation, and evolution. | a family of repeated dna sequences of about 1200 bp in length and bordered by well-conserved, 18 bp inverted repeats (vfb family) was found in the nuclear genome of vicia faba. the structure, chromosomal organization, redundancy modulation and evolution of these sequences were investigated. they are enriched in a+t base pairs (about 40% g+c) and lack any obvious internally repeated motif. a 64%-73% nucleotide sequence identity was found when pairwise comparisons between vfb sequences were carrie ... | 1999 | 10525968 |
| the influence of food structure on postprandial metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | two natural-food mixed meals composed in accordance with the present dietary recommendations were given to 10 diabetic patients on two occasions. the meals were planned to achieve large differences in glycemic index (gi) by altering the food structure but maintaining an identical nutrient composition. in the first study, two meals were compared that contained either pasta or bread made from durum wheat flour. in the second experiment a meal with parboiled rice, red kidney beans, and bread made f ... | 1995 | 7702028 |
| functional, textural and sensory properties of dry pasta supplemented with lyophilized tomato matrix or with durum wheat bran extracts produced by supercritical carbon dioxide or ultrasound. | a study was carried out to produce functional pasta by adding bran aqueous extract (bw) and bran oleoresin (bo) obtained using ultrasound and supercritical co2, respectively, or a powdery lyophilized tomato matrix (lt). the bioactive compounds, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (haa and laa) in vitro, were evaluated. bw supplementation did not improve antioxidant activity, whilst lt pasta showed unconventional taste and odor. bo pasta had good levels of tocochromanols (2551μg/100g ... | 2016 | 27451216 |
| isolated durum wheat and potato cell mitochondria oxidize externally added nadh mostly via the malate/oxaloacetate shuttle with a rate that depends on the carrier-mediated transport. | we investigated whether and how mitochondria from durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) and potato (solanum tuberosum), isolated from etiolated shoots and a cell suspension culture, respectively, oxidize externally added nadh via the mitochondrial shuttles; in particular, we compared the shuttles and the external nadh dehydrogenase (nadh dhext) with respect to their capacity to oxidize external nadh. we found that external nadh and nadph can be oxidized via two separate dhext, whereas under conditi ... | 2003 | 14671011 |
| identification and validation of a new source of low grain cadmium accumulation in durum wheat. | cadmium (cd) is a heavy metal that has no known biological function and is toxic for many living organisms. the maximum level of cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg-1. because phenotyping for cd uptake is expensive and time consuming, molecular markers associated with genes conferring low cd uptake would expedite selection and lead to the development of durum cultivars with reduced cd concentrations. here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism ... | 2018 | 29352079 |
| genome wide identification of wheat and brachypodium type one protein phosphatases and functional characterization of durum wheat tdpp1a. | reversible phosphorylation is an essential mechanism regulating signal transduction during development and environmental stress responses. an important number of dephosphorylation events in the cell are catalyzed by type one protein phosphatases (pp1), which catalytic activity is driven by the binding of regulatory proteins that control their substrate specificity or subcellular localization. plants harbor several pp1 isoforms accounting for large functional redundancies. while animal pp1s were ... | 2018 | 29338035 |
| introgression of the aegilops speltoides su1-ph1 suppressor into wheat. | meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in polyploid wheat is inhibited by the ph1 locus on the long arm of chromosome 5 in the b genome. aegilops speltoides (genomes ss), the closest relative of the progenitor of the wheat b genome, is polymorphic for genetic suppression of ph1. using this polymorphism, two major suppressor loci, su1-ph1 and su2-ph1, have been mapped in ae. speltoides. su1-ph1 is located in the distal, high-recombination region of the long arm of the ae. speltoides chr ... | 2017 | 29326749 |
| molecular and cytogenetic characterization of the 5ds-5bs chromosome translocation conditioning soft kernel texture in durum wheat. | the durum wheat ( ssp. (desf.) husn.) cultivar soft svevo with a soft kernel texture was developed through a -mediated homoeologous 5ds-5bs chromosomal translocation. the soft kernel trait ( locus) derived from chromosome 5d of the common wheat ( l.) cultivar chinese spring. soft svevo was used as the donor parent to create near-isogenic soft durum germplasm. the size of the translocation, its estimated breakpoint, and the amount of chromosome 5bs translocated, if any, remain unknown. four near- ... | 2017 | 29293810 |
| genetic impact of rht dwarfing genes on grain micronutrients concentration in wheat. | wheat is a major staple food crop providing about 20% of dietary energy and proteins, and food products made of whole grain wheat are a major source of micronutrients like zinc (zn), iron (fe), manganese (mn), magnesium (mg), vitamin b and e. wheat provides about 40% intake of essential micronutrients by humans in the developing countries relying on wheat based diets. varieties with genetically enhanced levels of grain micronutrient concentrations can provide a cost-effective and sustainable opt ... | 2017 | 29200604 |
| identification and characterization of sr13, a tetraploid wheat gene that confers resistance to the ug99 stem rust race group. | the puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) ug99 race group is virulent to most stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in wheat and poses a threat to global wheat production. the durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) gene sr13 confers resistance to ug99 and other virulent races, and is more effective at high temperatures. using map-based cloning, we delimited a candidate region including two linked genes encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins designated c ... | 2017 | 29078294 |
| variations in yield and gluten proteins in durum wheat varieties under late-season foliar versus soil application of nitrogen fertilizer in a northern mediterranean environment. | with the increasing demand for high-quality foodstuffs and concern for environmental sustainability, late-season nitrogen (n) foliar fertilization of common wheat is now an important and widespread practice. this study investigated the effects of late-season foliar versus soil n fertilization on yield and protein content of four varieties of durum wheat, aureo, ariosto, biensur and liberdur, in a three-year field trial in northern italy. | 2017 | 28992373 |
| genome-wide association study of septoria tritici blotch resistance in ethiopian durum wheat landraces. | septoria tritici blotch (stb) is a devastating fungal disease affecting durum and bread wheat cultivation worldwide. the identification, development, and employment of resistant wheat genetic material is the key to overcoming costs and limitations of fungicide treatments. the search for resistance sources in untapped genetic material may speed up the deployment of stb genetic resistance in the field. ethiopian durum wheat landraces represent a valuable source of such diversity. in this study, 31 ... | 2017 | 28959268 |
| a novel approach based on untargeted lipidomics reveals differences in the lipid pattern among durum and common wheat. | in the present work the possibility of using an untargeted metabolomic strategy to discriminate between common and durum wheat lipidome for an authenticity purpose was explored. a first study was conducted by analyzing 52 samples from two durum and common wheat varieties. afterwards, an extended and independent sample set (173 samples and five varieties) was used as a confirmatory study to verify the stability and consistency of the models obtained. putatively identified markers were evaluated a ... | 2018 | 28946342 |
| effect of co-segregating markers on high-density genetic maps and prediction of map expansion using machine learning algorithms. | advances in sequencing and genotyping methods have enable cost-effective production of high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers, making them the choice for linkage mapping. as a result, many laboratories have developed high-throughput snp assays and built high-density genetic maps. however, the number of markers may, by orders of magnitude, exceed the resolution of recombination for a given population size so that only a minority of markers can accurately be ordered. another ... | 2017 | 28878789 |
| rna sequencing and co-expressed long non-coding rna in modern and wild wheats. | there is an urgent need for the improvement of drought-tolerant bread and durum wheat. the huge and complex genome of bread wheat (bbaadd genome) stands as a vital obstruction for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance. however, tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ssp., bbaa genome) is an ancestor of modern bread wheat and offers an important model for studying the drought response due to its less complex genome. additionally, several wild relatives of tetraploid whea ... | 2017 | 28878329 |
| allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars. | glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. the glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. it is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in west asia and north africa region, since many of them possess resistance to hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in othe ... | 2017 | 28868214 |
| predictive statistical modelling of cadmium content in durum wheat grain based on soil parameters. | regulatory limits on cadmium (cd) content in food products are tending to become stricter, especially in cereals, which are a major contributor to dietary intake of cd by humans. this is of particular importance for durum wheat, which accumulates more cd than bread wheat. the contamination of durum wheat grain by cd depends not only on the genotype but also to a large extent on soil cd availability. assessing the phytoavailability of cd for durum wheat is thus crucial, and appropriate methods ar ... | 2017 | 28712083 |
| characterization of aldehyde oxidase (ao) genes involved in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in wheat grain. | aldehyde oxidase (ao) enzyme (ec 1.2.3.1) catalyzes the final steps of carotenoid catabolism and it is a key enzyme in the abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis. ao isoforms are located in the cytosolic compartment of tissues in many plants, where induce the oxidation of aldehydes into carboxylic acid, and in addition, catalyze the hydroxylation of some heterocycles. the goal of the present study was to characterize the ao genes involved in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in wheat grain, an i ... | 2017 | 28596779 |
| high-throughput snp genotyping of modern and wild emmer wheat for yield and root morphology using a combined association and linkage analysis. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum desf.) is a major world crop that is grown primarily in areas of the world that experience periodic drought, and therefore, breeding climate-resilient durum wheat is a priority. high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping techniques have greatly increased the power of linkage and association mapping analyses for bread wheat, but as yet there is no durum wheat-specific platform available. in this study, we evaluate the new 384ht wheat ... | 2017 | 28550605 |
| differential representation of albumins and globulins during grain development in durum wheat and its possible functional consequences. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn.) is an economically important crop used for the production of semolina, which is the basis of pasta and other food products. its grains provide proteins and starch for human consumption. grain development is a key process in wheat physiology; it is highly affected by a number of enzymes that control the metabolic processes governing accumulation of starch and storage proteins and ultimately grain weight. most of these enzymes are present in ... | 2017 | 28478307 |
| pentaploid wheat hybrids: applications, characterisation, and challenges. | interspecific hybridisation between hexaploid and tetraploid wheat species leads to the development of f1 pentaploid hybrids with unique chromosomal constitutions. pentaploid hybrids derived from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum spp. durum desf.) crosses can improve the genetic background of either parent by transferring traits of interest. the genetic variability derived from bread and durum wheat and transferred into pentaploid hybrids has the potential to ... | 2017 | 28367153 |