| biodiversity of rice (oryza sativa l.) and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) rhizosphere pseudomonads. | fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and sugarcane and examined for their biodiversity. all fifty strains of the fluorescent pseudomonads produced indole acetic acid. among these pseudomonads, halves of sugarcane rhizosphere isolates and one isolate from the rice rhizosphere exhibited phosphate solubilization activity. on the contrary, majority of the rice rhizosphere pseudomonads, and one isolate from sugarcane rhizosphere exhibited antifungal activity. these fluo ... | 2005 | 15691070 |
| functional promoter analysis using an approach based on an in vitro evolution strategy. | in vitro evolution imitates the natural evolution of genes and has been very successfully applied to the modification of coding sequences, but it has not yet been applied to promoter sequences. we propose an alternative method for functional promoter analysis by applying an in vitro evolution scheme consisting of rounds of error-prone pcr, followed by dna shuffling and selection of mutant promoter activities. we modified the activity in embryogenic sugarcane cells of the promoter region of the " ... | 2005 | 15727127 |
| hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central bolivia: relationships between reservoir hosts, habitats, and viral genotypes. | in august 2002, two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) were confirmed in mineros and concepcion, within the santa cruz department of bolivia. extensive alteration of the native ecosystem, from dense forest to pasture or sugarcane, had occurred in both regions. an ecologic assessment of reservoir species associated with the human disease identified a single hantavirus antibody-positive oligoryzomys microtis from mineros and three hantavirus antibody-positive calomys callosus from concep ... | 2005 | 15728866 |
| further studies on a mixture of fatty acids from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) wax oil in animal models of hypersensitivity. | a mixture of fatty acids obtained from sugar cane wax oil, the main components of which are palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, was evaluated topically in two experimental models of hypersensitivity: the ear swelling response to ovalbumin in sensitized mice (ed50 edema: 0.63 +/- 0.06 mg/ear, ed50 myeloperoxidase: 0.56 +/- 0.04 mg/ear, ed50 degranulated cells: 0.70 +/- 0,08 mg/ear) and oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice (ed50 edema: 1.63 +/- 0.26 mg/ear, ed50 myeloperox ... | 2005 | 15729619 |
| sucrose fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking hexose transport. | sucrose is the major carbon source used by saccharomyces cerevisiae during production of baker's yeast, fuel ethanol and several distilled beverages. it is generally accepted that sucrose fermentation proceeds through extracellular hydrolysis of the sugar, mediated by the periplasmic invertase, producing glucose and fructose that are transported into the cells and metabolized. in the present work we analyzed the contribution to sucrose fermentation of a poorly characterized pathway of sucrose ut ... | 2004 | 15741738 |
| identification of a naturally occurring recombinant isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus causing maize dwarf mosaic disease. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a potyvirus causing severe maize dwarf mosaic disease in shaanxi province, northwestern china was determined (genbank accession no. ay569692). the full genome is 9596 nucleotides in length excluding the 3 '-terminal poly (a) sequence. it contains a large open reading frame (orf) flanked by a 149 nt 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 255 nt 3'-utr. the putative polyprotein encoded by this large orf comprises of 3063 amino acid residues. sequence comparisons and ... | 2005 | 15744565 |
| organophosphorus derivatives containing piperazine dithiosemicarbazones as chemotherapeutants against fungal pathogens of sugarcane. | five novel organophosphorus derivatives have been synthesized by the reactions of o,o-diethylchlorophosphate with piperazine dithiosemicarbazones. the derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (ir, 1h nmr) data. fungicidal activities of these derivatives against colletotrichum falcatum, fusarium oxysporum, and curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. the screening results have been correlated with the structural features of the tested compounds. organophosphoru ... | 2005 | 15769154 |
| effects of concurrent therapy with policosanol and omega-3 fatty acids on lipid profile and platelet aggregation in rabbits. | policosanol is a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugarcane wax with cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects. omega-3 fatty acids (fa) from fish oil can protect against coronary disease. an antiarrhythmic mechanism is emerging as the most convincing explanation for omega-3 fa cardiovascular protection, but triglyceride (tg)-lowering effects and inhibition of platelet function could play a role. in view of the effects of policosanol and omega-3 fa on ... | 2005 | 15806713 |
| glycoproteins from sugarcane plants regulate cell polarity of ustilago scitaminea teliospores. | saccharum officinarum, cv. mayarí, is a variety of sugarcane resistant to smut disease caused by ustilago scitaminea. sugarcane naturally produces glycoproteins that accumulate in the parenchymatous cells of stalks. these glycoproteins contain a heterofructan as polysaccharide moiety. the concentration of these glycoproteins clearly increases after inoculation of sugarcane plants with smut teliospores, although major symptoms of disease are not observed. these glycoproteins induce homotypic adhe ... | 2005 | 15832677 |
| identification by suppression subtractive hybridization of genes that are differentially expressed between near-isogenic maize lines in association with sugarcane mosaic virus resistance. | the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) infection in maize are poorly understood. a study of differential expression was conducted to identify genes involved in resistance to scmv. in this study, we combined suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray hybridization to identify genes that are differently expressed in the near isogenic lines f7+ (scmv resistant) and f7 (susceptible). altogether, 302 differentially expressed gene ... | 2005 | 15891912 |
| simple, inexpensive media for mass production of three entomophthoralean fungi. | the entomophthoralean fungi batkoa sp., furia sp. and neozygites floridana have been suggested for biocontrol of insect pests: the first two for control of spittlebug pests of pasture and sugarcane, and the third for mites of agricultural importance. to develop these agents as biopesticides and bioacaricides, it is important to have available culture media that maximize production at low cost. the research reported here evaluates, in different combinations and concentrations, the effect of four ... | 2005 | 15912950 |
| lipase production by solid-state fermentation: cultivation conditions and operation of tray and packed-bed bioreactors. | the production of lipase by penicillium simplicissimum in solid-state fermentation was studied using babassu cake as the basal medium. tray-type and packed-bed bioreactors were employed. in the former, the influence of temperature; content of the medium, and medium supplementation with olive oil, sugarcane molasses, corn steep liquor, and yeast hydrolysate was studied. for all combinations of supplements, a temperature of 30 degrees c, a moisture content of 70%, and a concentration of carbon sou ... | 2005 | 15917592 |
| sugarcane bagasse pulps: biobleaching with commercial cartazyme hs and with bacillus pumilus xylanase. | organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with bacillus pumilus xylanase for 4, 8, and 12 h and compared with commercial cartazyme hs xylanase-treated pulps. treatment of ethanol/water pulps with b. pumilus xylanase increased viscosity by 40% in 8 h of treatment compared with pulps treated without enzyme. however, acetosolv pulps treated with b. pumilus xylanase lost viscosity. ethanol/water pulps treated with cartazyme had a viscosity of 18.5 cp in 4 h of treatment. in the ace ... | 2005 | 15917597 |
| enzymatic bleaching of organosolv sugarcane bagasse pulps with recombinant xylanase of the fungus humicola grisea and with commercial cartazyme hs xylanase. | organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with humicola grisea var. thermoidea and compared with cartazyme hs xylanase-treated pulp. the ethanol/water pulps treated with h. grisea had the same viscosity as unbleached pulps (8 cp). ethanol/water pulps treated with cartazyme had higher viscosity than h. grisea-treated pulps (12 cp). acetosolv pulps treated with h. grisea and cartazyme presented a reduction in viscosity; however, the pulps treated with h. grisea had a lower reduct ... | 2005 | 15917599 |
| evaluation of inoculum of candida guilliermondii grown in presence of glucose on xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities and xylitol production during batch fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. | the effect of glucose on xylose-xylitol metabolism in fermentation medium consisting of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was evaluated by employing an inoculum of candida guilliermondii grown in synthetic media containing, as carbon sources, glucose (30 g/l), xylose (30 g/l), or a mixture of glucose (2 g/l) and xylose (30 g/l). the inoculum medium containing glucose promoted a 2.5-fold increase in xylose reductase activity (0.582 iu/mgprot) and a 2-fold increase in xylitol dehydrogenase activity (0 ... | 2005 | 15917619 |
| sugarcane bagasse as raw material and immobilization support for xylitol production. | xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion was performed utilizing candida guilliermondii immobilized in sugarcane bagasse and cultured in erlenmeyer flasks using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as the source of xylose. fermentations were carried out according to a factorial design, and the independent variables considered were treatment, average diameter, and amount of bagasse used as support for cell immobilization. by increasing the amount of support, the xylitol yield decreased, whereas the biomass yield ... | 2005 | 15920271 |
| optimization of acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and investigations on its fermentability for the production of xylitol by candida guilliermondii. | the dilute-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was optimized using a statistical experimental design resulting in hydrolysates containing 57.25 g/l of xylose, which were fermented with a high inoculum concentration (10 g/l of the yeast candida guilliermondii im/ufrj 50088). the addition of urea reduced the time of conversion (tc) to 75 h (without nitrogen source addition tc > 127 h), and, consequently, improving the rates of xylitol bioproduction. fermentator experiments, using the optimized co ... | 2005 | 15920277 |
| nitrogenase proteins from gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, a sugarcane-colonizing bacterium. | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus pal-5 grew well and expressed nitrogenase activity in the absence of nh4+ and at initial o2 concentrations greater than 5% in the culture atmosphere. g. diazotrophicus nitrogenase consisted of two components, gd1 and gd2, which were difficult to separate but were purified individually to homogeneity. their compositions were very similar to those of azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase, however, all subunits were slightly smaller in size. the purified gd1 protein co ... | 2005 | 15925553 |
| chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity. | changes in organic c, total n, c:n ratio, activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease, and microbial population were determined during composting of different organic wastes such as mixture of sugarcane trash and cattle dung, press mud, poultry waste and water hyacinth biomass. there were losses of n in poultry waste and water hyacinth with the effect an initial increase in c:n ratio was observed which decreased later on due to decomposition. the activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease ... | 2005 | 15978991 |
| beta-methyl-xyloside: positive effect on xylanase induction in cellulomonas flavigena. | synthesis of extracellular xylanase in cellulomonas flavigena is induced in the presence of xylan and sugarcane bagasse as substrates. the essential factors for efficient production of xylanase are the appropriate medium composition and an inducing substrate. the increase in xylanase production levels in c. flavigena were tested with a number of carbon sources and different culture conditions. xylose, arabinose, glycerol and glucose did not induce xylanase production in this microorganism. beta- ... | 2005 | 15986227 |
| functional gna expressed in escherichia coli with high efficiency and its effect on ceratovacuna lanigera zehntner. | the mannose-specific gna (galanthus nivalis agglutinin, snowdrop lectin) are the resistant proteins with many bioactivities. snowdrop lectin is different with plant organs and development periods in lectin species, content, and bioactivities. it is an effective and cheap way to obtain much active gna through overexpression of gna gene in escherichia coli. constructs encoding mature gna fused with an n-terminal pelb signal sequence protein (pelb) were expressed in e. coli with high efficiency. re ... | 2005 | 16001253 |
| production of biologically active gm-csf in sugarcane: a secure biofactory. | over 300 transgenic sugarcane plants representing approx. 200 independent lines producing the human cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) were analyzed for recombinant protein accumulation and activity levels. expression constructs differed in use of the maize polyubiquitin 1, mubi-1, or the sugarcane polyubiquitin 9, scubi9, promoters; presence or absence of a c-terminal hdel tag for er retention; and presence or absence of a 6x histidine tag for metal ion affinity ... | 2005 | 16022388 |
| design, development, and use of molecular primers and probes for the detection of gluconacetobacter species in the pink sugarcane mealybug. | molecular tools for the species-specific detection of gluconacetobacter sacchari, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, and gluconacetobacter liquefaciens from the pink sugarcane mealybug (psmb) saccharicoccus sacchari cockerell (homiptera: pseudococcidae) were developed and used in polymerase chain reactions (pcr) and in fluorescence in situ hybridizations (fish) to better understand the microbial diversity and the numerical significance of the acetic acid bacteria in the psmb microenvironment. the ... | 2005 | 16047097 |
| the diversity of banana streak virus isolates in uganda. | in a study of the variation among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) in uganda, 140 sequences were obtained from 49 samples by pcr across the conserved reverse transcriptase/rnaseh region of the genome. pairwise comparison of these sequences suggested that they represented 15 different species and phylogenetic analyses showed that all species fell into three major clades based on 28% sequence difference. in addition to the ugandan sequences, clade i also contained bsv species that are known a ... | 2005 | 16096705 |
| xanthomonas albilineans htpg is required for biosynthesis of the antibiotic and phytotoxin albicidin. | xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of leaf scald disease of sugarcane, produces a highly potent polyketide-peptide antibiotic and phytotoxin called albicidin. previous studies established the involvement of a large cluster of genes in the biosynthesis of this toxin. we report here the sub-cloning and sequencing of an additional gene outside of the main cluster and essential for albicidin biosynthesis. this gene encodes a 634-amino-acid protein that shows high identity with the escherichia ... | 2005 | 16102911 |
| effect of d-003 on intravascular platelet aggregation induced with collagen in rats. | d-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum l.) wax that inhibits platelet aggregation induced ex vivo by addition of agonists to platelet-rich plasma (prp) of rats, guinea pigs, and healthy human volunteers. because the ex vivo platelet aggregation model does not mimic properly platelet aggregation occurring inside the arteries, since all blood factors regulating the formation of a platelet aggregate or thrombus are not present in prp, th ... | 2005 | 16117616 |
| effect of d-003 on intimal thickening and circulating endothelial cells in rabbit cuffed carotid artery. | d-003 is a mixture of very-high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum l.) wax, in which octacosanoic acid is the most abundant component. previous experimental studies have shown that d-003 not only shows cholesterol-lowering and anti-platelet effects, but also reduces thromboxane b2 and increases prostacyclin levels. it acts by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. the positioning of a non-occlusive silicone collar around the rabbit carotid arte ... | 2005 | 16117617 |
| a loop 2 cytidine-stem 1 minor groove interaction as a positive determinant for pseudoknot-stimulated -1 ribosomal frameshifting. | the molecular determinants of stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) by rna pseudoknots are poorly understood. sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) encodes a 28-nt mrna pseudoknot that promotes -1 prf between the p1 (protease) and p2 (polymerase) genes in plant luteoviruses. the solution structure of the scylv pseudoknot reveals a well ordered loop 2 (l2) that exhibits continuous stacking of a20 through c27 in the minor groove of the upper stem 1 (s1), with c25 flipped out ... | 2005 | 16123125 |
| purification of xylitol from fermented hemicellulosic hydrolyzate using liquid-liquid extraction and precipitation techniques. | xylitol was produced by candida guilliermondii by fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. undesirable impurities were extracted from the broth using either ethyl acetate, chloroform or dichloromethane. the best results on clarification of the broth without xylitol loss were obtained with ethyl acetate. when ethanol, acetone or tetrahydrofuran were used for precipitation of impurities, only tetrahydrofuran clarified the fermented broth, but a high xylitol loss (approximately ... | 2005 | 16132861 |
| genetic variants of banana streak virus in mauritius. | genetic variations among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) were assessed using two sets of primers. the virus, found in banana accessions in mauritius, was compared to a nigerian isolate from cultivar obino l'ewai (bsoev). on the basis of the observed size of amplicons, some mauritius strains were different from l'ewai bsoev. both southern blot hybridization and the nucleotide sequences of the pcr products confirmed that they were of episomal bsv origin. an isolate of sugarcane bacilliform v ... | 2006 | 16143419 |
| study on ground water characteristics and the effects of discharged effluents from textile units at karur district. | a study was made on the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples mixed with effluent discharged from textile industries at chellandipalayam (site--i), senaparatti (site--ii) and pasupathipalayam (sites--iii and iv) revealed the elevated levels of ca, mg, na, cr, k, ni, cu, zn, co3, so4, no3 and cl- . the concentrations of these ions exceeded the limit prescribed by isi. the increase in the concentrations of ions was revealed by higher values of electrical conductivity (ec). water at the ... | 2005 | 16161984 |
| soil erosion and non-point source pollution impacts assessment with the aid of multi-temporal remote sensing images. | soil erosion associated with non-point source pollution is viewed as a process of land degradation in many terrestrial environments. careful monitoring and assessment of land use variations with different temporal and spatial scales would reveal a fluctuating interface, punctuated by changes in rainfall and runoff, movement of people, perturbation from environmental disasters, and shifts in agricultural activities and cropping patterns. the use of multi-temporal remote sensing images in support ... | 2006 | 16182435 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of coat protein gene for characterization of sugarcane mosaic virus isolated from sugarcane and maize in thailand. | three isolates of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) from sugarcane and maize in thailand, were selected and used as viral sources for coat protein (cp) genes cloning by immunocapture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr). the cp gene sequences and their deduced amino acids were determined. the sequences of three cloned cp genes, ut6th-sgc and ud7th-sgc from sugarcane, and sbc2th-mz from maize were compared with other previously reported sequences of scmv-cp gene and their phylo ... | 2006 | 16195785 |
| interactions between acetoin, a plant volatile, and pheromone in rhynchophorus palmarum: behavioral and olfactory neuron responses. | aggregation of rhynchophorus palmarum weevils on host plants is mediated by a male pheromone (rhynchophorol: r) and host-plant volatiles (pvs) acting in synergy. synthetic pv blends synergizing pheromone contain acetoin (a) and ethyl acetate (etac). r, a, and etac are detected by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (orns). in addition, particular types of orns are tuned to both a and r. to specify the role played by acetoin in pheromone perception, we recorded the responses of orns to 100 ng ... | 2005 | 16222808 |
| antagonism of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (a sugarcane endosymbiont) against xanthomonas albilineans (pathogen) studied in alginate-immobilized sugarcane stalk tissues. | xanthomonas albilineans, a pathogenic bacterium that produces leaf scald disease of sugarcane, secretes a xanthan-like gum that invades both xylem and phloem of the host. xanthan production has been verified after experimental infection of stalk segments of healthy plants. moreover, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of sugarcane plants that antagonizes with x. albilineans by impeding the production of the bacterial gum. the physiological basis of this antagonism ... | 2005 | 16233803 |
| isolation from gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus cell walls of specific receptors for sugarcane glycoproteins, which act as recognition factors. | glycoproteins from sugarcane stalks have been isolated from plants field-grown by size-exclusion chromatography. some of these glycoproteins, previously labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, are able to bind to the cell wall of the sugarcane endophyte, n2-fixing gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, and largely removed after washing the bacterial cells with sucrose. this implies that sugarcane glycoproteins use beta-(1-->2)-fructofuranosyl fructose domains in their glycosidic moiety to bind to s ... | 2005 | 16233885 |
| xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by candida tropicalis. | a natural isolate, candida tropicalis was tested for xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. fermentation of corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate showed xylose uptake and xylitol production, though these were very low, even after hydrolysate neutralization and treatments with activated charcoal and ion exchange resins. initial xylitol production was found to be 0.43 g/g and 0.45 g/g of xylose utilised with corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate respec ... | 2006 | 16242318 |
| l(+)-lactic acid production using lactobacillus casei in solid-state fermentation. | lactobacillus casei was grown at 37 degrees c on sugarcane bagasse (5 g) soaked with cassava starch hydrolysate (final moistening volume 34 ml) containing 3 g reducing sugar in a solid-state condition. the maximum yield of l-lactic acid after various process optimisations was 2.9 g/5 g initial substrate corresponding to 97% conversion of sugar to lactic acid with initial substrate moisture of 72%. | 2005 | 16247675 |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma graminis' and 'candidatus phytoplasma caricae', two novel phytoplasmas associated with diseases of sugarcane, weeds and papaya in cuba. | during 2003, surveys of sugarcane yellow leaf disease and papaya bunchy top-like disease were carried out on plantations in havana province, cuba, to determine the roles of weeds and auchenorrhyncha insects in the epidemiology of these diseases. more than 250 plant and insect samples were collected and indexed by using a nested pcr for phytoplasma 16s rdna with the generic primer pairs p1/p7 and r16f2n/r16r2. the pcr products were further characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism ... | 2005 | 16280510 |
| host refractoriness of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, to the braconid endoparasitoid cotesia flavipes. | cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera:braconidae) is a gregarious endoparasitoid of several pyralid stemborer larvae of economic significance including the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis. in this study, the ability of this parasitoid to develop in a sphingid host, manduca sexta, was tested. first, second, third, fourth, and even pharate fifth instar host tobacco hornworm larvae were readily parasitized by the female c. flavipes parasitoids but no wasp larvae hatched from the eggs in this refracto ... | 2005 | 16304618 |
| coat protein gene sequence of a mexican isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus and its infectivity in maize and sugarcane plants. | | 2006 | 16328150 |
| antagonism among gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains in culture media and in endophytic association. | in this study the antagonistic activity among 55 gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains, belonging to 13 electrophoretic types (ets), in culture media was analyzed. antagonistic effects were seen only in strains belonging to two ets named et-1 and et-3. two out of 29 et-1 strains, and 3 out of 7 et-3 strains of g. diazotrophicus showed antagonistic effects against many other strains belonging to all the ets of this species analyzed, and against closely related strains of gluconacetobacter spec ... | 2005 | 16329972 |
| recombinant expression, purification, and functional analysis of two novel cystatins from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum). | phytocystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors from plants implicated in the endogenous regulation of protein turnover, programmed cell death, and in defense mechanisms against pathogens. to date, only few cystatin genes have been characterized in most plant species. we have previously characterized the protein canecystatin, the first cystatin described in sugarcane. in an attempt to study novel canecystatins, we identified two orfs encoding cystatins (referred as canecpi-2 and canecpi-3) usi ... | 2006 | 16330226 |
| biology of azospirillum-sugarcane association: enhancement of nitrogenase activity. | azospirillum brasilense was reisolated from associations with callus tissue cultures of sugarcane and compared with stock cultures of the inoculated bacterium and related strains. although the reisolate had a growth rate similar to stock cultures, it exhibited a severalfold increase in maximum specific activity of nitrogenase. the reisolate and the parent culture had similar ultrastructure. the general ultrastructure of azospirillum is described. the bacterium was capsulated when grown on nitrog ... | 1980 | 16345531 |
| single-strain versus multistrain inoculation: effect of soil mineral n availability on rhizobial strain effectiveness and competition for nodulation on chick-pea, soybean, and dry bean. | the nitrogen-fixing effectiveness of multistrain inoculants was found to be determined by both the effectiveness of the component strains and the percentage of the nodules occupied by them. multistrain formulations were always either as good as the most effective single-strain inoculant or intermediate between the most and the least effective. the percentage of nodules occupied and the amount of nitrogen fixed by the component strains of a multistrain inoculant showed highly significant linear c ... | 1990 | 16348337 |
| degradation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane by a soil bacterium under aerobic conditions. | a pseudomonas sp., isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil, readily metabolized not only alpha and gamma isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, but also the thermodynamically more stable beta isomer, under aerobic conditions. bacterial degradation of the three isomers led to the accumulation of a transitory metabolite and eventual release of covalently linked chlorine as chloride in stoichiometric amounts. | 1990 | 16348365 |
| construction of a bioinsecticidal strain of pseudomonas fluorescens active against the sugarcane borer, eldana saccharina. | a cryia(c) gene was cloned from a native bacillus thuringiensis strain showing activity against the sugarcane borer, eldana saccharina. the sequence of the cloned gene was very similar to that of the b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 cryia(c) gene. the gene was introduced into an isolate of pseudomonas fluorescens, capable of colonizing sugarcane, on two broad-host-range plasmids, pder405 and pkt240, having copy numbers of 13 and 28, respectively. by using the omegon-km vector, the cry gene ... | 1994 | 16349194 |
| limited genetic diversity in the endophytic sugarcane bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus. | acetobacter diazotrophicus isolates that originated from different sugarcane cultivars growing in diverse geographic regions of mexico and brazil were shown to have limited genetic diversity. measurements of polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobilities of metabolic enzymes revealed that the mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus (among the four electrophoretic types distinguished) was 0.064. the results of the genetic analysis indicate that the genetic structure of a. diazotrophicus is clonal ... | 1994 | 16349254 |
| nitrogen compounds in the apoplastic sap of sugarcane stem: some implications in the association with endophytes. | several nitrogen compounds were identified and quantified in the apoplastic and symplastic sap of sugarcane stems. the sap of stems was composed mainly of soluble sugars, which constituted 95% of the total organic compounds detected. sap also contained nitrogen compounds, with amino acids (50-70% of n) and proteins (20-30% of n), being the main nitrogenous substances, as well as inorganic forms as ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, in low concentrations (<20% of n). serine, proline, alanine and aspa ... | 2006 | 16360806 |
| identification of sugarcane genes induced in disease-resistant somaclones upon inoculation with ustilago scitaminea or bipolaris sacchari. | to understand the molecular basis of a specific plant-pathogen interaction, it is important to identify plant genes that respond to the pathogen attack. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis of cdna was used to identify sugarcane genes differentially expressed in disease-resistant but not in susceptible sugarcane somaclones in response to inoculation with either ustilago scitaminea or bipolaris sacchari (also known as helminthosporium sacchari or drechslera sacchari), causal age ... | 2005 | 16386426 |
| the effect of d-003 (10 mg/day) on biochemical parameters of bone remodelling in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind study. | biphosphonates, which are antiresorptive agents used to treat osteoporosis, inhibit the mevalonate pathway, preventing protein prenylation and inhibiting osteoclast activity. statins decrease cholesterol biosynthesis by blocking the mevalonate pathway and have been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. d-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight acids purified from sugarcane wax that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis before mevalonate production. d-003 prevents bone loss and resorption in ... | 2005 | 16402634 |
| regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance. | five elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. all of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. to engineer strongly insect-resistant sugarcanes, the gc content of a truncated cry1ac gene, which encodes the active region of cry1ac insecticidal delta-endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. the synthetic cry1ac gene (s-cry1ac) was placed under the ... | 2006 | 16408322 |
| comparison of the effects of d-003, a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic acids from sugarcane wax, and pravastatin on bones and osteoclast apoptosis of ovariectomized rats. | the mevalonate pathway is relevant in bone cells. statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the key enzyme of this route, stimulating osteoblast differentiation and activity. pravastatin increases bone formation markers in postmenopausal women and bone density in diabetics. d-003 is a mixture of high-molecular-weight acids purified from sugarcane wax which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis through hmg-coa reductase regulation, preventing bone loss in osteoporosis ... | 2005 | 16425974 |
| [the sugarcane juice was delicious, but...]. | | 2006 | 16429196 |
| effects of d-003 (5-200 mg/kg), a mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic acids from sugarcane wax, on bones and bone cell apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. | the mevalonate pathway is crucial for osteoclast function. d-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight acids purified from sugarcane wax, which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis through hmg-coa reductase regulation. d-003 administered at 50 and 200 mg/kg for 12 weeks prevented bone loss in ovariectomized rats, increasing osteoclast apoptosis. the present study investigated whether the effects of d-003 on bone resorption and osteoclast apoptosis are dose-dependent. rats were randomized into seven ... | 2005 | 16440587 |
| yellow leaf of sugarcane is caused by at least three different genotypes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, one of which predominates on the island of réunion. | the genetic diversity of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) was analyzed with 43 virus isolates from réunion island and 17 isolates from world-wide locations. we attempted to amplify by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), clone, and sequence four different fragments covering 72% of the genome of these virus isolates. the number of amplified isolates and useful sequence information varied according to each fragment, whereas an amplicon was obtained with diagnostic primers f ... | 2006 | 16453082 |
| evaluation of sugarcane by-product pressmud as a manure in carp culture. | the effectiveness of pressmud, a sugarcane by-product, was tested as a manure in the production of natural food and carp, by conducting two experiments. the first experiment, of 5 weeks duration, examined the effect of pressmud addition on water quality and natural food production. this study was carried out in fibreglass tubs (1.54 m3) with a 5 cm mud layer, employing pressmud at dosages of 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 kg ha(-1) for treatments t1, t2 and t3, respectively. unfertilized tubs served as ... | 2006 | 16459356 |
| isolation of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing higher levels of flavoring compounds for production of "cachaça" the brazilian sugarcane spirit. | in brazil, spontaneous fermentation and open vessels are still used to produce cachaça (the brazilian sugarcane spirit) and this fermentation is characterized by mixed cultures with continuous succession of yeast species. this work shows the development of a methodology for isolation of yeasts, particularly saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in the production of cachaça. according to the proposed strategy, the strains were selected for their ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered during f ... | 2006 | 16481057 |
| selection and identification of fungi isolated from sugarcane bagasse and their application for phenanthrene removal from soil. | this work investigated the identification and selection of fungi isolated from sugarcane bagasse and their application for phenanthrene (phe) removal from soil. fungi were identified by pcr amplification of its regions as aspergillus terrus, aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus niger, penicillium glabrum and cladosporium cladosporioides. a primary selection of fungi was accomplished in plate, considering phe tolerance of every strain in two different media: potato dextrose agar (pda) and minera ... | 2006 | 16484077 |
| symbiosome-like intracellular colonization of cereals and other crop plants by nitrogen-fixing bacteria for reduced inputs of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. | it has been forecast that the challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in maize, rice and wheat cropping systems, and that the problem of environmental nitrogen enrichment is most likely to be solved by substituting synthetic nitrogen fertilizers by the creation of cereal crops that are able to fix nitrogen symbiotically as legumes do. in legumes, rhizobia present intracellularly in membrane-bound vesicular compartments in the cytoplasm ... | 2005 | 16512210 |
| further evidence that the n(inf2)-fixing endophytic bacterium from the intercellular spaces of sugarcane stems is acetobacter diazotrophicus. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria, isolated from the sugar solution in intercellular spaces of sugarcane stems, were compared with the type strain of acetobacter diazotrophicus (pal-5) and found to be congruent with it in all characters studied. these characters were 37 morphological and biochemical tests, cellular fatty acid composition, and nitrogenase activity. the nitrogenase activity was measured by acetylene reduction and h(inf2) evolution and found to be unusual in that the h(inf2) evolution was s ... | 1995 | 16535026 |
| genetic structure of acetobacter diazotrophicus populations and identification of a new genetically distant group. | a total of 55 isolates of acetobacter diazotrophicus recovered from diverse sucrose-rich host plants and from mealybugs associated with sugarcane plants were characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 12 metabolic enzymes. we identified seven different electrophoretic types (ets), six of which are closely related within a genetic distance of 0.195 and exhibit high dna-dna homology. the seventh et was largely divergent, separated at a genetic distance of 0.53, and had only 54% dna homolog ... | 1995 | 16535102 |
| comparative susceptibility of european corn borer, southwestern corn borer, and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab protein in a commercial bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid. | one field strain each of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.); were collected from cornfields in northeastern louisiana. susceptibilities of the field strain and a corresponding laboratory strain of the three borer species to cry1ab protein in dk69-70 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid were determined by exposing neonates to intact leaf tissues from whorl stage plants or by f ... | 2006 | 16573340 |
| characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) produced by cupriavidus necator in solid-state fermentation. | solid-state fermentation (ssf) has recently been proposed as an alternative to submerged fermentation for the production of poly(hydroxyalkanoates). in the present work, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the chemical structure, as well as the thermal properties and the crystalline morphology of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) samples produced by ssf, using as raw material either soy cake or soy cake sup ... | 2007 | 16580194 |
| biochemical basis of the resistance of sugarcane to eyespot disease. | helminthosporoside is the host-specific toxin produced by helminthosporium sacchari, the organism causing eyespot disease on sugarcane. clones of sugarcane susceptible to the toxin posses a membrane protein that binds the toxin. membranes of resistant clones do not bind the toxin. in this study, a binding protein from a susceptible clone was compared with its counterpart from a resistant clone. the protein from the resistant clone did not bind the toxin unless it was first treated with mild dete ... | 1973 | 16592091 |
| serinol as an activator of toxin production in attenuated cultures of helminthosporium sacchari. | successive transfer in synthetic medium of spores and mycelial fragments from original toxin-producing cultures of helminthosporium sacchari results in attenuated cultures which do not produce the host-specific toxin helminthosporoside. when attenuated cultures are grown on material obtained from the water wash of sugarcane leaves susceptible to this fungus, the production of heminthosporoside resumes. compounds that activate toxin production in the fungus are present on the leaf surface and pre ... | 1976 | 16592362 |
| gibberellins of sugarcane. | in our hands a phosphate buffered celite column has given an adequate separation of ga(1) and ga(3). these 2 gibberellins are normally very difficult to separate. young sugarcane growing under moisture stress contains at least 2 gibberellin-like substances. one is suspected to be ga(5). the other is unknown but has high activity in the barley endosperm assay and is neither ga(1) nor ga(3). four-month-old cane contains 2 major growth promoters. from their chromatographic, fluorimetric and biologi ... | 1966 | 16656369 |
| sugar transport in immature internodal tissue of sugarcane: ii. mechanism of sucrose transport. | the mechanism by which sucrose is transported into the inner spaces of immature internodal parenchyma tissue of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l. var. h 49-5) was studied in short term experiments (15 to 300 seconds). transport of sucrose, glucose, and fructose was each characterized by a v(max) of 1.3 mumoles/gram fresh weight.2 hours, and each of these three sugars mutually and competitively inhibited transport of the other two. when (14)c-glucose was supplied exogenously, (14)c-glucose 6-ph ... | 1972 | 16658049 |
| heat-induced resistance of sugarcane to helminthosporium sacchari and helminthosporoside. | sugarcane clones susceptible to eye spot disease became resistant to the pathogen or helminthosporoside activity during warm summer months. exposure of plants to 30 to 35 c temperatures, hot water treatment of excised leaves from 30 to 50 c, preincubation of leaves in an n(2) atmosphere, or preincubation in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors also induced resistance. hot water-treated leaves reverted to a susceptible condition. five to 15 c temperatures, an n(2) atmosphere, or protein s ... | 1975 | 16659315 |
| serinol phosphate as an intermediate in serinol formation in sugarcane. | a novel compound, serinol phosphate, was identified in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) clone 51ng97. it was produced by an enzyme-mediated transamination of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with either alanine, glutamate, aspartate, or glutamine serving equally well as an amino donor. some detectable phosphatase activity was present in crude leaf enzyme preparation that hydrolyzed serinol phosphate. a proposal for a pathway of the biosynthesis of serinol in sugarcane was formulated.serinol can serve ... | 1978 | 16660234 |
| eyespot disease of sugarcane : induction of host-specific toxin and its interaction with leaf cells. | helminthosporium sacchari produces a toxin which is responsible for the symptoms of eyespot disease in saccharum officinarum. a rapid and highly repeatable bioassay based on increase in conductivity of tissue leachates showed that the interaction of toxin with sugarcane obeys michaelis-menten hyperbolic saturation kinetics. there was no evidence for positive or negative cooperation interaction. resistant and susceptible cultivars of sugar cane had distinctive conductivity characteristics. co-cul ... | 1981 | 16661684 |
| alpha-galactoside binding proteins from plant membranes: isolation, characterization, and relation to helminthosporoside binding proteins of sugarcane. | alpha-galactoside binding proteins were isolated from cellular membranes of mint and tobacco as well as two clones of sugarcane which differ in their sensitivity to helminthosporoside, a toxic galactoside. sodium trichloroacetate was used to disrupt membranes after which the proteins were purified using a melibiose-sepharose-6b affinity column. proteins from mint, tobacco, and susceptible sugarcane had equal electrophoretic mobilities, whereas resistant sugarcane protein migrated more slowly. pr ... | 1981 | 16661831 |
| selective toxins and analogs produced by helminthosporium sacchari: production, characterization, and biological activity. | helminthosporium sacchari toxin and several lower molecular weight, nontoxic analogs were isolated from culture filtrates. three isomers of the toxin (a, b, and c), each with four galactose units, were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. isomer c had the highest and isomer a had the lowest toxicity to h. sacchari-susceptible sugarcane; resistant clones were not affected. each toxin isomer was partially digested with a beta-galactofuranosidase and the resulting analogs (seven fro ... | 1984 | 16663832 |
| evaluation of selectable markers for obtaining stable transformants in the gramineae. | cell suspension cultures of triticum monococcum, panicum maximum, saccharum officinarum, pennisetum americanum, and a double cross trispecific hybrid between pennisetum americanum, p. purpureum, and p. squamulatum were tested for resistance to kanamycin, hygromycin, and methotrexate for use in transformation studies. all cultures showed high natural levels of resistance to kanamycin, in excess of 800 milligrams per liter, and variable levels of resistance to hygromycin. methotrexate was a potent ... | 1988 | 16665953 |
| purification by immunoadsorption and immunochemical properties of nadp-dependent malic enzymes from leaves of c(3), c(4), and crassulacean acid metabolism plants. | nadp:malic enzyme from corn (zea mays l.) leaves was purified by conventional techniques to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antibodies raised against this protein in rabbits were purified, coupled covalently to protein a-sepharose cl-4b, and used as an immunoaffinity resin to purify the nadp:malic enzymes of the c(3) plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plant ... | 1990 | 16667339 |
| diazotrophic burkholderia species associated with field-grown maize and sugarcane. | until recently, diazotrophy was known in only one of the 30 formally described species of burkholderia. novel n(2)-fixing plant-associated burkholderia species such as b. unamae, b. tropica, and b. xenovorans have been described, but their environmental distribution is scarcely known. in the present study, the occurrence of n(2)-fixing burkholderia species associated with different varieties of sugarcane and maize growing in regions of mexico and brazil was analyzed. only 111 out of more than 90 ... | 2006 | 16672447 |
| microbiological evaluation of sugarcane juice sold at street stands and juice handling conditions in são carlos, são paulo, brazil. | fresh sugarcane juice is sold by street vendors without any heat treatment in são carlos, são paulo, brazil. twenty-four samples of point-of-sale juice were tested by standard methods to determine heterotrophic bacteria, total and thermo-tolerant coliform counts, salmonella, and parasites in the juice. 25% of samples showed poor sanitary conditions, with thermo-tolerant coliform levels higher than allowed by brazilian standards. salmonella spp. and parasites were absent in all samples. thermo-to ... | 2006 | 16680364 |
| distribution of anopheles albimanus, anopheles vestitipennis, and anopheles crucians associated with land use in northern belize. | anthropogenic land use changes often alter natural patterns of disease transmission. the goal of this study was to determine whether phosphorus input from sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., cultivation in northern belize could pose a significant environmental impact on malaria transmission by changing vegetation structure and composition of wetlands and associated larval habitats. our primary focus was on the increased dominance of cattail, typha domingensis pers., a favored habitat for anophe ... | 2006 | 16739424 |
| n-fertilizer saving by the inoculation of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspirillum sp. in micropropagated sugarcane plants. | colonization of micropropagated sugarcane plants by gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspirillum sp. was confirmed by a dot-immunoblot assay. in all, a 45-day short-term and 180-day long-term experiments conducted on micropropagated sugarcane plants of co 86032, a sugar rich popular variety in south india, indicated the usefulness of these diazotrophs as plant growth promoting bacteria. co-inoculation of these two bacteria enhanced the biomass considerably under n-limited condition in the ... | 2006 | 16765840 |
| enhanced xylitol production by precultivation of candida guilliermondii cells in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. | the present work evaluated the key enzymes involved in xylitol production (xylose reductase [xr] and xylitol dehydrogenase [xdh]) and their correlation with xylose, arabinose, and acetic acid assimilation during cultivation of candida guilliermondii fti 20037 cells in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. for this purpose, inocula previously grown either in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (sbhh) or in semidefined medium (xylose as a substrate) were used. the highest xylose/a ... | 2006 | 16775788 |
| laboratory and field tests of spray-dried and granular formulations of a bacillus thuringiensis strain with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer. | formulations of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae), were developed and tested under laboratory and field conditions. the formulations were prepared using biodegradable polymers such as modified corn starch as an encapsulating agent, gelatin as an adherent, powdered sugarcane as a feeding stimulant and a bt var. kurstaki gm-34 strain from a non-sugarcane region as the active ingredien ... | 2006 | 16786544 |
| captures of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in traps associated with different habitats. | programs to eradicate the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the united states rely heavily on pheromone traps for monitoring weevil populations in both active and posteradication maintenance programs. modifications to trapping protocols that increase trap effectiveness should contribute to this eradication effort. between october 1996 and may 1997 and between september 1997 and april 1998, we compared trap effectiveness, indicated by the numb ... | 2006 | 16813308 |
| use of complex media for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156. | submerged fermentation was carried out for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 using complex media, such as coconut water, sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice at 28+/-2 degrees c and 180 rpm for 72 h. sugarcane juice gave maximum scleroglucan production of 23.87 g/l as compared to 12.58 and 18.45 g/l with coconut water and sugarcane molasses, respectively. utilization of these substrates would be ecologically sound and economically advantageous. | 2007 | 16822667 |
| sugarcane molasses and yeast powder used in the fructooligosaccharides production by aspergillus japonicus-fcl 119t and aspergillus niger atcc 20611. | different concentrations of sucrose (3-25% w/v) and peptone (2-5% w/v) were studied in the formulation of media during the cultivation of aspergillus japonicus-fcl 119t and aspergillus niger atcc 20611. moreover, cane molasses (3.5-17.5% w/v total sugar) and yeast powder (1.5-5% w/v) were used as alternative nutrients for both strains' cultivation. these media were formulated for analysis of cellular growth, beta-fructosyltransferase and fructooligosaccharides (fos) production. transfructosylati ... | 2006 | 16835781 |
| production of cellulase-free endoxylanase from novel alkalophilic thermotolerent bacillus pumilus by solid-state fermentation and its application in wastepaper recycling. | the present study aimed at optimization of culture condition for the enhanced production of extra cellular thermostable cellulase-free xylanase from bacillus pumilus by solid-state fermentation. batch studies were carried out to evaluate various agro-industrial residues such as rice bran, rice husk, rice straw, sawdust, coconut pith, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran for enzyme production by the bacterial culture. the endoxylanase production was highest on wheat bran media (5582 u/gds), which was ... | 2007 | 16844369 |
| assessment of textile dye remediation using biotic and abiotic agents. | the aim of the current work was to assess the removal of direct and reactive dyes using biotic and abiotic agents. removal of dyes and their derivatives from aqueous solutions was investigated using sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, rice straw, charcoal and fungal biomass as dye removing agents. seven fungal strains known to have high capacity in removing textile dyes were used. results of this study indicated that penicillium commune, p. freii, and p. allii removed 96, 64 and 65%, respectively, of di ... | 2006 | 16847836 |
| purification and characterization of a maltooligosaccharide-forming alpha-amylase from a new bacillus subtilis kcc103. | a maltooligosaccharide-forming alpha-amylase was produced by a new soil isolate bacillus subtilis kcc103. in contrast to other bacillus species, the synthesis of alpha-amylase in kcc103 was not catabolite-repressed. the alpha-amylase was purified in one step using anion exchange chromatography after concentration of crude enzyme by acetone precipitation. the purified alpha-amylase had a molecular mass of 53 kda. it was highly active over a broad ph range from 5 to 7 and stable in a wide ph range ... | 2006 | 16850297 |
| isolation and characterization of cellulose obtained from ultrasonic irradiated sugarcane bagasse. | cell walls of sugarcane bagasse were first delignified with chlorite followed by ultrasonic irradiation and then by two-step sequential extractions at 23 degrees c with 15 and 18% koh for 2 h, 15 and 18% naoh for 2 h, 8 and 10% koh for 12 h, and 8 and 10% naoh for 12 h and by a single one-stage isolation with 10% koh for 16 h and with 10% naoh for 16 h, which released 79.4, 81.8, 83.6, 85.7, 61.5, and 65.6% of the original hemicelluloses, and subsequently yielded 50.7, 49.5, 48.6, 47.8, 57.2, an ... | 2006 | 16881672 |
| inulinase production by kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 using solid state fermentation. | inulinase is an enzyme relevant to fructose production by enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin. this enzyme is also applied in the production of fructo-oligosaccharides that may be used as a new food functional ingredient. commercial inulinase is currently obtained using inulin as substrate, which is a relatively expensive raw material. in brazil, the production of this enzyme using residues of sugarcane and corn industry (sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and corn steep liquor) is economically attractive, ... | 2006 | 16915703 |
| adaptation of a recombinant xylose-utilizing saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to a sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate with high content of fermentation inhibitors. | adaptation of a xylose-utilizing genetically engineered strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by cultivation during 353h using medium with increasing concentrations of inhibitors, including phenolic compounds, furaldehydes and aliphatic acids, led to improved performance with respect to ethanol production. the remaining xylose concentration in the medium at the end of the cultivation was 5.2g l(-1), while it was 11gl(-1) in the feed, indicating that approximately h ... | 2007 | 16934451 |
| use of post-harvest sugarcane residue for ethanol production. | agricultural residues are produced in large quantities throughout the world. approximately, 1kg of residue is produced for each kilogram of grains harvested. this ratio of grain/residue translates into an excess of 40 billion ton of crop residue produced each year in the usa. these residues are renewable resources that could be used to produce ethanol and many other value added products. in this study, we demonstrate that the post-harvest sugar cane residue could be used to produce fuel grade et ... | 2007 | 16935500 |
| short-range dispersal and overwintering habitats of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) during and after harvest in the subtropics. | field experiments in the subtropical lower rio grande valley of texas were conducted to determine the extent of adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), dispersal from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during harvest operations and the noncotton-growing ("overwinter") period between 1 september and 1 february. using unbaited large capacity boll weevil traps placed at intervals extending outward from commercial field edges, boll weevils did not move i ... | 2006 | 16937667 |
| pairwise coupling analysis of helical junction hydrogen bonding interactions in luteoviral rna pseudoknots. | a 28-nucleotide mrna pseudoknot that overlaps the p1 and p2 genes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) stimulates -1 ribosomal frameshifting. the in vitro frameshifting efficiency is decreased >or=8-fold upon substitution of the 3'-most loop 2 nucleotide (c27) with adenosine, which accepts a hydrogen bond from the 2'-oh group of c14 in stem s1. the solution structures of the wild-type (wt) and c27a scylv rna pseudoknots show that while the rnas adopt virtually identical overall structures, the ... | 2006 | 16964977 |
| evidence for the dispersal of a unique lineage from asia to america and africa in the sugarcane fungal pathogen ustilago scitaminea. | the basidiomycete ustilago scitaminea sydow, which causes sugarcane smut disease, has been spreading throughout africa and america since the 1940s. the genetic diversity and structure of different populations of this fungus worldwide was investigated using microsatellites. a total of 142 single-teliospore were isolated from 77 distinct whips (sori) collected in 15 countries worldwide. mycelium culture derived from on generation of selfing of these single teliospores were analysed for their polym ... | 2007 | 16979360 |
| the global structures of a wild-type and poorly functional plant luteoviral mrna pseudoknot are essentially identical. | the helical junction region of a -1 frameshift stimulating hairpin-type mrna pseudoknot from sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) is characterized by a novel c27.(g7-c14) loop 2-stem 1 minor groove base triple, which is stacked on a c8+.(g12-c28) loop 1-stem 2 major groove base triple. substitution of c27 with adenosine reduces frameshifting efficiency to a level just twofold above the slip-site alone. here, we show that the global structure of the c27a scylv rna is nearly indistinguishable from ... | 2006 | 17000902 |
| heavy metal concentrations in soils and plant accumulation in a restored manganese mineland in guangxi, south china. | heavy metal contamination of metal-mined soils is a widespread problem in china. in the restored (over 20 years) lipu manganese mineland, 36 plant species from 22 families were found colonizing, some of which were planted agronomic ones. heavy metal concentrations in tailings were very high. minesoils were basically unpolluted, but soils in the remaining mining area and in the vicinity of tailings dumps were polluted by cd and mn. measurements of metal contents in dominant plants showed they wer ... | 2007 | 17014941 |
| mapping of risk prone areas of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in parts of bihar state, india: an rs and gis approach. | the kala-azar fever (visceral leishmaniasis) is continuing unabated in india for over a century, now being largely confined to the eastern part of india mainly in bihar state and to some extent in its bordering states like west bengal and uttar pradesh. two study sites namely patepur block in vaishali district with high endemicity in northern part and lohardagga block in lohardagga district with absolute non-endemicity in southern part of bihar were selected for the study with the following obje ... | 2006 | 17024860 |
| sugarcane (saccharum spp.). | we describe the procedures for recovering transgenic sugarcane from co-cultivation of both calli and in vitro plants with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the correct tissue culture strategies and the use of super-binary vector or super-virulent strain are crucial for the successful sugarcane transformation. both plant regeneration via calli culture and micropropagation strategies can be optimized to a wide spectrum of sugarcane genotypes, thus the procedures presented here could be applied to genetic ... | 2006 | 17033066 |
| associations between dna markers and resistance to diseases in sugarcane and effects of population substructure. | association between markers and sugarcane diseases were investigated in a collection of 154 sugarcane clones, consisting of important ancestors or parents, and cultivars. 1,068 polymorphic aflp and 141 srr markers were scored across all clones. data on the four most important diseases in the australian sugarcane industry were obtained; these diseases being pachymetra root rot (pachymetra chaunorhiza b.j. croft & m.w. dick), leaf scald (xanthomonas albilineans dowson), fiji leaf gall (fiji diseas ... | 2006 | 17047910 |
| mutagenesis and analysis of mold aspergillus niger for extracellular glucose oxidase production using sugarcane molasses. | aspergillus niger ors-4.410, a mutant of a. niger ors-4, was generated by repeated ultraviolet (uv) irradiation. analysis of the uv treatment dose on wild-type (wt) a. niger ors-4, conidial survival, and frequency of mutation showed that the maximum frequency of positive mutants (25.5%) was obtained with a 57% conidial survival rate after the second stage of uv irradiation. the level of glucose oxidase (gox) production from mutant a. niger ors-4.410 thus obtained was 149% higher than that for wt ... | 2006 | 17057255 |