| interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection. | host resistance and parasite virulence are influenced by multiple interacting factors in complex natural communities. yet, these interactive effects are seldom studied concurrently, resulting in poor understanding of host-pathogen-environment dynamics. here, we investigated how the level of opportunist pathogen virulence, strength of host immunity and the host condition manipulated via diet affect the survival of wood tiger moth parasemia plantaginis (arctidae). larvae from "low cuticular melani ... | 2012 | 23139892 |
| [enteroparasite determination in lactuca sativa from farms dedicated to its production in pasto, colombia]. | currently, vegetables like lettuce are widely recommended as part of the daily diet given their high nutritional value; however, while consumers feel attracted to the benefits provided by the vegetable, they may also be exposed to parasitic intestinal infections. | 2016 | 27992979 |
| synergistic action of a microbial-based biostimulant and a plant derived-protein hydrolysate enhances lettuce tolerance to alkalinity and salinity. | in the coming years, farmers will have to deal with growing crops under suboptimal conditions dictated by global climate changes. the application of plant biostimulants such as beneficial microorganisms and plant-derived protein hydrolysates (phs) may represent an interesting approach for increasing crop tolerance to alkalinity and salinity. the current research aimed at elucidating the agronomical, physiological, and biochemical effects as well as the changes in mineral composition of greenhous ... | 2017 | 28223995 |
| molecular mapping of high resistance to bacterial leaf spot in lettuce pi 358001-1. | lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) is a diploid (2n = 18) with a genome size of 2,600 mbp, and belongs to the family compositae. bacterial leaf spot (bls), caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, is a major disease of lettuce worldwide. leaf lettuce pi 358001-1 has been characterized as an accession highly resistant to bls and has white seed. in order to understand inheritance of the high resistance in this germplasm line, an f3 population consisting of 163 families was developed from the cross p ... | 2016 | 27454703 |
| host genotype and hypersensitive reaction influence population levels of xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in lettuce. | dynamics of population sizes of xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians inoculated onto or into lettuce leaves were monitored on susceptible and resistant cultivars. in general, population growth was greater for susceptible (clemente, salinas 88, vista verde) than resistant (batavia reine des glaces, iceberg, little gem) cultivars. when spray-inoculated or infiltrated, population levels of x. campestris pv. vitians were consistently significantly lower on little gem than on susceptible cultivars, whi ... | 2015 | 25302523 |
| khellin and visnagin, furanochromones from ammi visnaga (l.) lam., as potential bioherbicides. | plants constitute a source of novel phytotoxic compounds to be explored in searching for effective and environmentally safe herbicides. from a previous screening of plant extracts for their phytotoxicity, a dichloromethane extract of ammi visnaga (l.) lam. was selected for further study. phytotoxicity-guided fractionation of this extract yielded two furanochromones, khellin and visnagin, for which herbicidal activity had not been described before. khellin and visnagin were phytotoxic to model sp ... | 2016 | 27936681 |
| variation in germination and amino acid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change. | leakages of amino acids and/or fluorescent material as functions of temperature between 15 and 40 c are reported for imbibed seeds of avena fatua l., lactuca sativa l., barbarea vulgaris r. br., amaranthus albus l., abutilon theophrasti medic., lychnis alba mill., daucus carota l., setaria faberi herrm., setaria viridis (l.) beauv., and datura stramonium l. the leakage indicates prominent increase in permeability of the plasmalemma in the 30 to 35 c range for 8 of the 10 kinds of seeds studied. ... | 1976 | 16659623 |
| copper phytotoxicity in native and agronomical plant species. | copper (cu) is a widespread soil contaminant that is known to be highly toxic to soil biota. limited information is available on the response of wild endemic species to cu in the literature, which hinders ecological risk assessments and revegetation. in the present study, the phytotoxicity of cu in nutrient solution was studied in five australian endemic plant species (acacia decurrens, austrodanthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass), bothriochloa macra (redgrass), eucalyptus camaldulensis var. cam ... | 2012 | 22995781 |
| chemical composition and allelopathic potential of essential oils obtained from acacia cyanophylla lindl. cultivated in tunisia. | acacia cyanophylla lindl. (fabaceae), synonym acacia saligna (labill.) h. l.wendl., native to west australia and naturalized in north africa and south europe, was introduced in tunisia for rangeland rehabilitation, particularly in the semiarid zones. in addition, this evergreen tree represents a potential forage resource, particularly during periods of drought. a. cyanophylla is abundant in tunisia and some other mediterranean countries. the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by ... | 2015 | 25879505 |
| determination of the hydroxycinnamate profile of 12 members of the asteraceae family. | the hydroxycinnamates of the leaves of 12 plants of the astreraceae family, achillea millefolium, arnica montana, artemesia dracunculus, cichorium intybus, cnicus benedictus, cynara scolymus, echinops humilis, inula helenium, lactuca sativa, petasites hybridus, solidago virgaurea, and tanacetum parthenium were investigated qualitatively by lc-ms(n). thirty-nine chlorogenic acids were detected and all characterized to regioisomeric level on the basis of their fragmentation pattern in the tandem m ... | 2011 | 21453943 |
| a bacterial-fungal metaproteomic analysis enlightens an intriguing multicomponent interaction in the rhizosphere of lactuca sativa. | fusarium oxysporum msa 35 [wild-type (wt) strain] is an antagonistic isolate that protects plants against pathogenic fusaria. this strain lives in association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. when cured of the prokaryotic symbionts [cured (cu) form], the fungus is pathogenic, causing wilt symptoms similar to those of f. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae. the aim of this study was to understand if and how the host plant lactuca sativa contributes to the expression of the antagonistic/pathogenic behaviors of m ... | 2012 | 22360353 |
| production and characterization of cyanocobalamin-enriched lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown using hydroponics. | when lettuces (lactuca sativa l.) grown for 30 days in hydroponic culture were treated with various concentrations of cyanocobalamin for 24 h, its content in their leaves increased significantly from nondetectable to 164.6 ± 74.7 ng/g fresh weight. this finding indicated that consumption of only two or three of these fresh leaves is sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowance for adults of 2.4 μg/day. analyses using a cobalamin-dependent escherichia coli 215 bioautogram and lc/esi-ms/ms ... | 2013 | 23578327 |
| synthesis of a new allelopathic agent from the biotransformation of ent-15α-hydroxy-16-kauren-19-oic acid with fusarium proliferatum. | the use of kaurane diterpenes as substrates in fungal biotransformation to achieve bioactive compounds has been widely reported. in this work, the natural product kaurenoic acid, a diterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, was chemically converted into ent-15α-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1). substrate 1 was subjected to biotransformation by the fungus fusarium proliferatum, furnishing a new derivative, ent-2α,15α-dihydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2). the structure of metabolite 2 wa ... | 2017 | 28278633 |
| uptake of 2,4-d in higher plants from artificial rain. | sinapis alba l., lapsana communis l., achillea millefolium l., brassica napus l., lactuca sativa l., and lycopersicum esculentum l. were exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxy [2-14c]acetic acid (2,4-d) at 10 micrograms liter-1 in artificial rain, ph 6.5 and 3.3. the 2,4-d was absorbed in all species tested. concentrations of parent 2,4-d appeared at the highest level in achillea (0.1 mg kg-1 dry wt), and at zero level in lycopersicum. twenty-one daily treatments at ph 6.5 for 30-min periods increased d ... | 1984 | 6428858 |
| new pesticidal diterpenoids from vellozia gigantea (velloziaceae), an endemic neotropical plant living in the endangered brazilian biome rupestrian grasslands. | vellozia gigantea is a rare, ancient, and endemic neotropical plant present in the brazilian rupestrian grasslands. the dichloromethane extract of v. gigantea adventitious roots was phytotoxic against lactuca sativa, agrostis stolonifera, and lemna paucicostata, and showed larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti. phytotoxicity bioassay-directed fractionation of the extract revealed one new isopimaradiene, 8(9),15-isopimaradien-1,3,7,11-tetraone, and three new cleistanthane diterpenoids, 7-oxo- ... | 2017 | 28117710 |
| incidence of lettuce mosaic virus in lettuce and its detection by polyclonal antibodies produced against recombinant coat protein expressed in escherichia coli. | lettuce mosaic virus (lmv), a member of the genus potyvirus of family potyviridae, causes mosaic disease in lettuce has recently been identified in india. the virus is seed borne and secondary infection occurs through aphids. to ensure virus freedom in seeds it is important to develop diagnostic tools, for serological methods the production of polyclonal antibodies is a prerequisite. the coat protein (cp) gene of lmv was amplified, cloned and expressed using pet-28a vector in escherichia coli bl ... | 2016 | 26850143 |
| phytotoxic furanocoumarins from the shoots of semenovia transiliensis. | discovery of novel, natural herbicides has become important to manage increasing weed resistance to synthetic herbicides and environmental issues. the systematic bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the shoots of semenovia transiliensis led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds. lactuca sativa l. (lettuce, a dicot) and agrostis stolonifera l. (bentgrass, a monocot) bioassays were used to identify and isolate the phytotoxic fracti ... | 2012 | 23157001 |
| phytotoxic activity of flavonoids from dicranostyles ampla. | crude extracts from over 16 species of plants from the family convolvulaceae were evaluated for phytotoxic activity against agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) and lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1000 microg/ml. ethanol extracts of dicranostyles ampla ducke were among the most active of those species tested. systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts from this species was performed to identify specifically the phytotoxic compounds. two phytotoxic flavonoids, dih ... | 2010 | 20839625 |
| phytotoxicity of constituents of glandular trichomes and the leaf surface of camphorweed, heterotheca subaxillaris. | camphorweed, heterotheca subaxillaris (lam.) britt. & rusby, has a camphor-like odor, and its leaf surfaces contain glandular trichomes of the type shown to contain high levels of isoprenoids in other species. borneol (1), the phytotoxic calamenene-type sesquiterpenes (2-5, 9-11), and methylated flavones (12-15) were isolated from the dichloromethane rinsate of camphorweed aerial tissues. the strongest plant growth inhibitor against agrostis stolonifera and lactuca sativa seedlings, as well as d ... | 2009 | 19054533 |
| phytotoxic eremophilanes from ligularia macrophylla. | systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride extract of the roots from ligularia macrophylla was performed to identify both phytotoxic and antifungal compounds. four phytotoxic eremophilanes (furanoeremophilan-14beta,6alpha-olide, 6beta-angeloyloxy-10beta-hydroxyfuranoeremophilane, eremophil-7(11)-ene-12,8alpha;14beta,6alpha-diolide, and 3alpha-angeloyloxybakkenolide a) and two antifungal fatty acids (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) were isolated. the x-ray crystal ... | 2007 | 18044832 |
| phytotoxins from the leaves of ruta graveolens. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of ruta graveolens (common rue) leaves led to the isolation of the furanocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen (5-mop), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop), and the quinolone alkaloid graveoline as phytotoxic constituents. graveoline and 8-mop substantially inhibited growth of lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content at 100 microm; this effect was not due to a direct effect on chlorophyll synthesis. radical growth of l. sativa was ... | 2004 | 15161195 |
| phytotoxic lignans of leucophyllum frutescens. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) extract of the leaves of leucophyllum frutescens (berl.) i.m.johnst (scrophulariaceae) led to the isolation of its phytotoxic constituents diayangambin (1), epiyangambin (2), diasesartemin (3) and epiashantin (4). phytotoxicity was demonstrated as inhibition of seed germination of agrostis stolonifera cv. penncross (poaceae) and inhibition of development of lactuca sativa l. (asteraceae) seedlings in a microassay using 24-well plate ... | 1999 | 10441036 |
| chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils obtained from ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle cultivated in tunisia. | ailanthus altissima mill. swingle (simaroubaceae), also known as tree of heaven, is used in the chinese traditional medicine as a bitter aromatic drug for the treatment of colds and gastric diseases. in tunisia, ailanthus altissima is an exotic tree, which was introduced many years ago and used particularly as a street ornamental tree. here, the essential oils of different plant parts of this tree, viz., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and samaras (ripe fruits), were obtained by hydrodistillation ... | 2014 | 25146765 |
| phytotoxic phenylpropanoids isolated from ophryosporus charua (griseb.) hieron. | bioguided isolation of the etoh extract from the medicinal native plant, ophryosporus charua, against raphanus sativus, yielded three phenylpropanoids, charuol a [(z)-4-((1s,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate], charuepoxide [(z)-4-((2s,3r)-3-(acetoxymethyl oxiran-2-yl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate] and charuol b [(z)-4-((1r,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate]. their structures and absolute configuration were established by extensive spectros ... | 2017 | 28279523 |
| carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc. | carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ... | 2013 | 23146312 |
| toxic effects of environmental pollutants: comparative investigation using allium cepa l. and lactuca sativa l. | studies that help understand the mechanisms of action of environmental pollutants are extremely important in environmental toxicology. in this context, assays using plants as models stand out for their simplicity and low performance cost. among the plants used for this purpose, allium cepa l. is the model most commonly applied for cytogenotoxic tests, while lactuca sativa l., already widely used in phytotoxic investigations, has been gaining prominence in cytotoxic analyses. the present study ai ... | 2017 | 28340458 |
| toxicity and genotoxicity assessment in sediments from the matanza-riachuelo river basin (argentina) under the influence of heavy metals and organic contaminants. | the aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of chemical extraction associated with the detection of toxicity and genotoxicity in sediment sample extracts. quantitative analysis of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), together with a battery of four bioassays, was performed in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency of inorganic and organic toxicants. the extracts were carried out using two inorganic solvents, two organic solvents and two extraction methodologies, m ... | 2017 | 27764694 |
| municipal composts reduce the transfer of cd from soil to vegetables. | cadmium (cd) is a non-essential trace element that accumulates in agricultural soils through the application of cd-rich phosphate fertiliser. vegetables can accumulate cd to concentrations that sometimes exceed food safety standards. we investigated the potential of low-cost soil amendments to reduce cd uptake by spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and onion (allium cepa l.). batch sorption experiments revealed the relative sorption of cd by biosolids, charcoal, lignite, ... | 2016 | 26874314 |
| an apple plus a brazil nut a day keeps the doctors away: antioxidant capacity of foods and their health benefits. | antioxidant-rich foods scavenge free radicals and other reactive species, decreasing the risk of different non-communicable chronic diseases. the objective of this study was to review the content of total antioxidant capacity of commonly foods comparing with experimental data and to explore the health benefits due to foods with moderate to high tac. the tac was analytically measured using the "total antioxidant capacity" (nx2332) test from randox® (uk) by spectrometry at 600 nm. brazil nut (bert ... | 2016 | 26572874 |
| evaluation of phytotoxicity of municipal landfill leachate before and after biological treatment. | in the present study, leachate toxicity of a municipal solid waste landfill located in the sinos river valley region (southern brazil) was evaluated using plant bioassays. leachate toxicity was assessed by analysis of seed germination and root elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and rocket plant eruca sativa mill.) and root elongation of onions allium cepa l.). bioassays were performed by exposing the seeds of l. sativa and e. sativa and the roots of a. cepa to raw leachate, treated leacha ... | 2015 | 26270214 |
| phytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of imazethapyr herbicide using a battery of bioassays. | the imazethapyr herbicide (formulation verosil(®)) was evaluated for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of bioassays: (1) the growth inhibition of the green alga pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, (2) the root growth and germination of the higher plant lactuca sativa, (3) the genetic damage using the salmonella/microsome test, and (4) the aneugenic and clastogenic effects on allium cepa. the verosil(®) formulation was highly toxic to the non-target green alga (median effective concentr ... | 2015 | 26250814 |
| evaluation of the toxic effects of four anti-cancer drugs in plant bioassays and its potency for screening in the context of waste water reuse for irrigation. | anti-cancer drugs are compounds that are of high environmental relevance because of their lack of specific mode of action. they can be extremely harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. the present study evaluated the toxic effects of four frequently used anti-cancer drugs against plant seedlings, namely cyclophosphamide (cp), methotrexate (mtx), 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) and imatinib (im). the phytotoxicity experiments were performed with lactuca sativa seedlings whereas cytotoxicity ... | 2015 | 26002047 |
| phytotoxicity of triterpenes and limonoids from the rutaceae and meliaceae. 5α,6β,8α,12α-tetrahydro-28-norisotoonafolin--a potent phytotoxin from toona ciliata. | limonoids and triterpenes are the largest groups of secondary metabolites and have notable biological activities. meliaceae and rutaceae are known for their high diversity of metabolites, including limonoids, and are distinguished from other families due to the frequent occurrence of such compounds. the increased interest in crop protection associated with the diverse bioactivity of these compounds has made these families attractive in the search for new allelopathic compounds. in the study repo ... | 2015 | 25920211 |
| diterpene foliar exudates of blakiella bartsiifolia and phytotoxicity of clerodanes. | blakiella bartsiifolia (s.f. blake), an endemic and rare high altitude plant of the northern andes, appears well adapted to the prevailing harsh environment owing in part to a thick glandular trichome cover. from foliar exudates, two new clerodanes, 15,16-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatrien-20-oic acid (bartsiifolic acid) (2) and z-15,16-dihydroxy-3,13-clerodien-20-oic acid (barthydrolic acid) (3), were isolated in addition to the known junceic acid (1). in addition, three new alicyclic fur ... | 2014 | 25522526 |
| ecotoxicological and genotoxic assessment of hospital laundry wastewaters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters generated from a regional hospital located in rio pardo valley in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. physicochemical, microbiological, ecotoxicological, and genotoxic analyses were performed, and the results indicate that some parameters were not in accordance with the limit concentrations established by brazilian and international guidelines for urban wastewaters. daphnia magna (ec50 ... | 2015 | 25135422 |
| phytotoxicity of secondary metabolites isolated from flourensia oolepis s.f.blake. | the aim of this study was to isolate the active principles of flourensia oolepis s.f.blake (asteraceae), which completely inhibited the germination of raphanus sativus seeds at 10 mg/ml. flavanone pinocembrin and sesquiterpene ilicol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. they were active both against monocot and dicot seeds. pinocembrin was the most active compound, with an ic50 (germination) value of 0.24, 3.40, 3.28, and 3.55 mm against panicum miliaceum, avena sativa, lactuca sativ ... | 2013 | 23847074 |
| effects of indole amides on lettuce and onion germination and growth. | auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), are important in plant germination and growth, while physiological polyamines, such as putrescine, are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and their concentrations increase during germination. in this work, novel indole amides were synthesized in good yields by monoacylation of morpholine and unprotected symmetrical diamines with indole-3-carboxylic acid, a putative metabolite of iaa, possessing no auxin-like activity. these amides were ... | 2011 | 22191214 |
| metabolites from withania aristata with potential phytotoxic activity. | a series of apocarotenoids (1-8) and one carotenoid (9) were isolated from the leaves of withania aristata. in addition, the tetraacetylated apocarotenoid glucosides 10-12 were obtained by acetylation, with derivative 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6e-dien-3-one 9-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside tetraacetate (10) being described for the first time. the structures have been determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means, mainly nmr and esi-ms, and comparison with data reported in the literature. these metab ... | 2010 | 20734937 |
| bioactive apocarotenoids from tectona grandis. | the bioactive fractions of tectona grandis have yielded seven apocarotenoids, two of which have been isolated for the first time as natural products (tectoionols a and b). the chemical structures were determined through 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. the absolute configuration of tectoionol a was determined using a modified mosher methodology. some nmr assignments for the compounds 9(s)-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionol and 3beta-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone have been corrected ... | 2008 | 18834604 |
| structure-activity relationships (sar) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products and analogues. phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts). | benzoxazinones 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) and 2,4-dihydroxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (diboa) have been considered key compounds for understanding allelopathic phenomena in gramineae crop plants such as corn (zea mays l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and rye (secale cereale l.). the degradation processes in the environment observed for these compounds, in which soil microbes are directly involved, could affect potential allelopathic activity of these pla ... | 2005 | 15686399 |
| low molecular weight phenols from the bioactive aqueous fraction of cestrum parqui. | the aqueous fraction of fresh leaves of cestrum parqui and its organic fractions have been assayed for their phytotoxicity on lactuca sativa, lycopersicon esculentum, and allium cepa. the tests showed that the bioactivity was retained in the organic fractions. chromatographic processes led to isolation and characterization of the n-(p-carboxymethylphenyl)-p-hydroxybenzamide together with 17 low molecular weight phenols and 2 flavones. the phytotoxicity tests showed a good activity of these compo ... | 2004 | 15212454 |
| photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene on germination and early development of plant seedling. | the influence of light on phytotoxicity of increased concentration (2, 5, 10 mg/l) of intact fluoranthene (flt) and photomodified fluoranthene (phflt) diluted in experimental solutions was investigated. the germination rate of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.) seeds and some parameters of seedlings primary growth of these plant species were used as laboratory indicators of phytotoxicity. among them a length of root and shoot, their dry we ... | 2004 | 15184002 |
| extractability of metals and ecotoxicity of soils from two old wood impregnation sites in finland. | four metal-contaminated soil samples were classified using physical methods, extracted by selective extraction procedures and analyzed for chemical concentrations. de-ionized water, 0.01 mol/l barium chloride, 1 mol/l ammonium acetate and concentrated nitric acid were used as extraction solutions. ecotoxicity of water extracts and soil samples was analyzed in order to describe the bioavailability of the contaminants. samples from old wood impregnation plants contained high amounts of as, cu, cr ... | 2004 | 15142767 |
| cinnamic acid amides from chenopodium album: effects on seeds germination and plant growth. | seven cinnamic acid amides have been isolated from chenopodium album. the structures have been attributed by means of their spectral data. one of them, n-trans-4-o-methylferuloyl 4'-o-methyldopamine, is described for the first time. their effects on germination and growth of dicotyledons lactuca sativa l. (lettuce) and lycopersicon esculentum l. (tomato) and of monocotyledon allium cepa l. (onion) as standard target species have been studied in the range concentration 10(-4)-10(-7) m. | 2003 | 14630003 |
| lignans and neolignans from brassica fruticulosa: effects on seed germination and plant growth. | five lignans, five neolignans, two sesquilignans, and a dilignan were identified from a phytotoxic extract of brassica fruticulosa l. compounds 8, 9, 12, and 13 have been isolated for the first time. structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic features. their effects on the germination and growth of two dicotyledons, lactuca sativa (lettuce) and lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), and a monocotyledon, allium cepa (onion), as standard target species have been studied. | 2003 | 14518939 |
| quality of water types in ukraine evaluated by watertox bioassays. | the quality of river, ground-, and tap water was analyzed using the basic set of watertox bioassays [daphnia (daphnia magna), hydra (hydra attenuata), and lettuce (lactuca sativa)] as well as two additional bioassays, onion (allium cepa) and microalga (selenastrum gracile). samples of these waters were also concentrated fivefold using a solid-phase procedure. the results of the daphnia and hydra bioassays showed that the winter and spring concentrated and nonconcentrated samples from the dnieper ... | 2002 | 12112633 |
| a novel nucleolar biomarker in plant and animal cells for assessment of substance cytotoxicity. | the cytotoxicity of three substances (mercury(ii), metolachlor, and 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide) was assessed with a set of nucleolar parameters: the average number of nucleoli, the average volume of a single nucleolus, and the proportion of cells with heteromorphic-paired nucleoli (pnhet). their toxic impact was studied on cells of animal and plant test organisms: onion (allium cepa), lettuce (lactuca sativa), and hydra (hydra attenuata). in general, at concentrations near ic/lc(50) the three chem ... | 2002 | 12112626 |
| potential allelochemicals from sambucus nigra. | twenty-four aromatic metabolites belonging to cyanogenins, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic glycosides were obtained from sambucus nigra. structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic features. two compounds have been isolated and identified as (2s)-2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and benzyl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate. all the compounds have been assayed on dicotyledons lactuca sativa (lettuce) and raphanus sativus (radish) and monocoty ... | 2001 | 11730871 |
| elicitation effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract on main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of butter lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | this paper presents a study on changes in the main phytochemical levels and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of lettuce caused by different doses and times of application of yeast extracts. | 2016 | 26265467 |
| older leaves of lettuce (lactuca spp.) support higher levels of salmonella enterica ser. senftenberg attachment and show greater variation between plant accessions than do younger leaves. | salmonella can bind to the leaves of salad crops including lettuce and survive for commercially relevant periods. previous studies have shown that younger leaves are more susceptible to colonization than older leaves and that colonization levels are dependent on both the bacterial serovar and the lettuce cultivar. in this study, we investigated the ability of two lactuca sativa cultivars (saladin and iceberg) and an accession of wild lettuce (l. serriola) to support attachment of salmonella ente ... | 2015 | 25953858 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequences of mongolia medicine artemisia frigida and phylogenetic relationships with other plants. | artemisia frigida willd. is an important mongolian traditional medicinal plant with pharmacological functions of stanch and detumescence. however, there is little sequence and genomic information available for artemisia frigida, which makes phylogenetic identification, evolutionary studies, and genetic improvement of its value very difficult. we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of artemisia frigida based on 454 pyrosequencing. | 2013 | 23460871 |
| natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models. | a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ... | 2000 | 10898656 |
| yield loss assessments for cultivars of broccoli, lettuce, and onion exposed to ozone. | the effects of the photochemical oxidant air pollutant ozone (o(3)) on growth and yield of three garden crops, broccoli (brassica oleracea l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), and onion (allium cepa l.) were studied in an open-top chamber experiment conducted in the field in southern california. four cultivars each of leaf lettuce, broccoli, and globe onion were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered (nf) air, or nf plus 1.5 times ambient o(3) concentration from 4 weeks after germinati ... | 1990 | 15092228 |
| | the contents of sterol derivatives (sterols + esters, glycosides and acylated glycosides) have been determined using thin layer chromatography in leaves and bulky and organs from carrots (daucus carota l.) potato (solanum tuberosum l.), onion (allium cepa l.) two varieties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) and gentiana purpurea l. plants. ether-soluble lipids of leaves contain 2.8-5.2%, those of storage tissue 3.1-8.9% sterol derivatives. the fractionation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l., burpee's r ... | 1970 | 11945480 |
| growth of wheat and lettuce and enzyme activities of soils under garlic stalk decomposition for different durations. | garlic (allium sativum l.) stalk is a byproduct of garlic production that is normally thought of as waste but is now considered a useful biological resource. it is necessary to utilize this resource efficiently and reasonably to reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable agricultural development. | 2016 | 27753097 |
| [ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)]. | nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ... | 2014 | 25338393 |
| phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi. | foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ... | 2013 | 23216166 |
| phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants. | the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ... | 2008 | 18205060 |
| role of benzoxazinones in allelopathy by rye (secale cereale l.). | two phytotoxic compounds [2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa)] were previously isolated and identified in 35-day-old greenhouse-grown rye shoot tissue. both compounds were also detected by tlc in greenhouse-grown root and fieldgrown shoot tissue. the concentration of diboa varied in the tissues, with the greatest quantity detected in greenhouse-grown shoots. diboa and boa were compared with β-phenyllactic acid (pla) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (hba) for a ... | 1987 | 24302054 |
| determination of vitamin c, b-carotene and riboflavin contents in five green vegetables organically and conventionally grown. | as consumer interest in organically grown vegetables is increasing in malaysia, there is a need to answer whether the vegetables are more nutritious than those conventionally grown. this study investigates commercially available vegetables grown organically and conventionally, purchased from retailers to analyse β-carotene, vitamin c and riboflavin contents. five types of green vegetables were selected, namely chinese mustard (sawi) (brassica juncea), chinese kale (kai-lan) (brassica alboglabra) ... | 2003 | 22692530 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies in an elisa for detecting an invasive pest insect, liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae). | a monoclonal antibody was prepared by the hybridoma technology. it reacted only with the protein of liriomyza trifolii (burgess) and not with that of chromatomyia horticola goureau or liriomyza sativae blanchard in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it was effective even after being diluted more than 8.192×10(6)-fold. the detection sensitivity of the antibody was 31.3 µg/ml under controlled conditions. positive reaction was achieved with all laboratory-reared l. trifolii samples, includ ... | 2015 | 26470159 |
| assessment of the transfer of 137cs in three types of vegetables consumed in hong kong. | a dynamic food chain model has been built for the modeling of the transfer of 137cs in three types of vegetables consumed in hong kong, namely, white flowering cabbage (brassica chinensis), head lettuce (lactuca sativa) and celery (apium graveolens). some parameters have been estimated from the experimental data obtained in this work. the experimental data include the transfer factors of 137cs from soil to the different vegetable species which are determined through high resolution gamma spectro ... | 1998 | 9745700 |
| induction of somatic embryogenesis using side chain and ring modified forms of phenoxy acid growth regulators. | the induction of somatic embryo development in cell cultures of alfalfa (medicago sativa), celery (apium graveolens), and lettuce (lactuca sativa) was compared for 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-d) and various phenoxy acid growth regulators. tests using a series of straight chain extensions to the phenoxy acid side chain indicate that phenoxybutanoic acid is active, whereas the phenoxypropanoic and phenoxypentanoic analogs are inactive for the induction of alfalfa embryogenesis. side branc ... | 1992 | 16668836 |
| plant triose phosphate isomerase isozymes : purification, immunological and structural characterization, and partial amino acid sequences. | we report the first complete purifications of the cytosolic and plastid isozymes of triose phosphate isomerase (tpi; ec 5.3.1.1) from higher plants including spinach (spinacia oleracea), lettuce (lactuca sativa), and celery (apium graveolens). both isozymes are composed of two isosubunits with approximate molecular weight of 27,000; in spinach and lettuce the plastid isozyme is 200 to 400 larger than the cytosolic isozyme. the two isozymes, purified from lettuce, had closely similar amino acid c ... | 1984 | 16663420 |
| delay of germination1 (dog1) regulates both seed dormancy and flowering time through microrna pathways. | seed germination and flowering, two critical developmental transitions in plant life cycles, are coordinately regulated by genetic and environmental factors to match plant establishment and reproduction to seasonal cues. the delay of germination1 (dog1) gene is involved in regulating seed dormancy in response to temperature and has also been associated genetically with pleiotropic flowering phenotypes across diverse arabidopsis thaliana accessions and locations. here we show that dog1 can regula ... | 2016 | 27035986 |
| investigating a potential auxin-related mode of hormetic/inhibitory action of the phytotoxin parthenin. | parthenin is a metabolite of parthenium hysterophorus and is believed to contribute to the weed's invasiveness via allelopathy. despite the potential of parthenin to suppress competitors, low doses stimulate plant growth. this biphasic action was hypothesized to be auxin-like and, therefore, an auxin-related mode of parthenin action was investigated using two approaches: joint action experiments with lactuca sativa, and dose-response experiments with auxin/antiauxin-resistant arabidopsis thalian ... | 2016 | 26686984 |
| genetic variation for thermotolerance in lettuce seed germination is associated with temperature-sensitive regulation of ethylene response factor1 (erf1). | seeds of most lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars are susceptible to thermoinhibition, or failure to germinate at temperatures above approximately 28°c, creating problems for crop establishment in the field. identifying genes controlling thermoinhibition would enable the development of cultivars lacking this trait and, therefore, being less sensitive to high temperatures during planting. seeds of a primitive accession (pi251246) of lettuce exhibited high-temperature germination capacity up to 33° ... | 2016 | 26574598 |
| pyrolytic treatment and fertility enhancement of soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons. | pyrolysis of contaminated soils at 420 °c converted recalcitrant heavy hydrocarbons into "char" (a carbonaceous material similar to petroleum coke) and enhanced soil fertility. pyrolytic treatment reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph) to below regulatory standards (typically <1% by weight) within 3 h using only 40-60% of the energy required for incineration at 600-1200 °c. formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was not observed, with post-pyrolysis levels well below applicable ... | 2016 | 26284736 |
| high-throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to aphids by automated video tracking. | piercing-sucking insects are major vectors of plant viruses causing significant yield losses in crops. functional genomics of plant resistance to these insects would greatly benefit from the availability of high-throughput, quantitative phenotyping methods. | 2015 | 25657813 |
| overexpression of atgrdp2, a novel glycine-rich domain protein, accelerates plant growth and improves stress tolerance. | proteins with glycine-rich signatures have been reported in a wide variety of organisms including plants, mammalians, fungi, and bacteria. plant glycine-rich protein genes exhibit developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns. herein, we present the characterization of the atgrdp2 gene using arabidopsis null and knockdown mutants and, arabidopsis and lettuce over-expression lines. atgrdp2 encodes a short glycine-rich domain protein, containing a duf1399 domain and a putative rna recognit ... | 2014 | 25653657 |
| small heat shock proteins can release light dependence of tobacco seed during germination. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) function as atp-independent molecular chaperones, and although the production and function of shsps have often been described under heat stress, the expression and function of shsps in fundamental developmental processes, such as pollen and seed development, have also been confirmed. seed germination involves the breaking of dormancy and the resumption of embryo growth that accompany global changes in transcription, translation, and metabolism. in many plants, g ... | 2015 | 25604531 |
| expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance. | thermoinhibition, or failure of seeds to germinate at warm temperatures, is common in lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars. using a recombinant inbred line population developed from a lettuce cultivar (salinas) and thermotolerant lactuca serriola accession uc96us23 (uc), we previously mapped a quantitative trait locus associated with thermoinhibition of germination to a genomic region containing a gene encoding a key regulated enzyme in abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxy ... | 2013 | 23503626 |
| enhanced proton translocating pyrophosphatase activity improves nitrogen use efficiency in romaine lettuce. | plant nitrate (no3(-)) acquisition depends on the combined activities of root high- and low-affinity no3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. these processes are coordinated with photosynthesis and the carbon status of the plant. here, we present the characterization of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa 'conquistador') plants engineered to overexpress an intragenic gain-of-function allele of the type i proton translocating pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppas ... | 2013 | 23307651 |
| uranium uptake by hydroponically cultivated crop plants. | hydroponicaly cultivated plants were grown on medium containing uranium. the appropriate concentrations of uranium for the experiments were selected on the basis of a standard ecotoxicity test. the most sensitive plant species was determined to be lactuca sativa with an ec(50) value about 0.1mm. cucumis sativa represented the most resistant plant to uranium (ec(50)=0.71 mm). therefore, we used the uranium in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1mm. twenty different plant species were tested in hyd ... | 2011 | 21486682 |
| comparative cross-species alternative splicing in plants. | alternative splicing (as) can add significantly to genome complexity. plants are thought to exhibit less as than animals. an algorithm, based on expressed sequence tag (est) pairs gapped alignment, was developed that takes advantage of the relatively small intron and exon size in plants and directly compares pairs of ests to search for as. est pairs gapped alignment was first evaluated in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) for which annotat ... | 2007 | 17496110 |
| metabolite fingerprinting in transgenic lettuce. | metabolite fingerprinting has been achieved using direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (apci-ms) and linked gas chromatography (gc-apci/ei-ms) for transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. evola) plants expressing an ipt gene under the control of the senescence-specific sag12 promoter from arabidopsis thaliana (p(sag12)-ipt). mature heads of transgenic lettuce and their azygous controls were maintained under defined conditions to assess their shelf life. transgenic l ... | 2005 | 17173617 |
| arabidopsis thaliana: a new test species for phytotoxic bioassays. | lettuce seeds (lactuca sativa l.) and other crop species are often used in phytotoxic bioassays that are designed to detect allelochemicals. the seeds of these species are considered ideal because they are readily available, germinate rapidly and uniformly, and are routinely used in laboratories around the world. despite their common use, however, the seeds of these species are often not as sensitive or responsive to some phytotoxic chemicals as are the seeds of other species. while searching fo ... | 2005 | 16222813 |
| comparative analysis of nbs domain sequences of nbs-lrr disease resistance genes from sunflower, lettuce, and chicory. | plant resistance to many types of pathogens and pests can be achieved by the presence of disease resistance (r) genes. the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (nbs-lrr) class of r-genes is the most commonly isolated class of r-genes and makes up a super-family, which is often arranged in the genome as large multi-gene clusters. the nbs domain of these genes can be targeted by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using degenerate primers. previous studies have used pcr derived nb ... | 2004 | 15019616 |
| nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and de-etiolation, and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, three light-inducible responses in plants. | seed germination, greening of etiolated plants and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation are stimulated by light, which is sensed by various types of photoreceptor. nitric oxide (no) has proven to be a bioactive molecule, especially in mammalian cells and, most recently, in plants. like some phytochrome-dependent processes, many no-mediated ones are accomplished through increases in cgmp levels. given these similarities, we proposed that no could take part in light-mediated events in plants. here w ... | 2000 | 10664127 |
| blue and green light-induced phototropism in arabidopsis thaliana and lactuca sativa l. seedlings. | exposure time-response curves for blue and green light-induced phototropic bending in hypocotyls of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and lactuca sativa l. seedlings are presented. these seedlings show significant phototropic sensitivity up to 540 to 550 nanometers. since wave-lengths longer than 560 nanometers do not induce phototropic bending, it is suggested that the response to 510 to 550 nanometers light is mediated by the specific blue light photoreceptor of phototropism. we advise care in ... | 1985 | 16664021 |
| allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cultivars on lettuce (lactuca sativa) and weed plants. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is the fourth most consumed oleaginous plant in the world, producing seeds with high contents of lipids, proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates. biological activities of different extracts of this species have already been evaluated by many researchers, including antioxidant, antitumoral, and antibacterial. in this work, the allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut cultivars against lettuce (lactuca sativa) and two weed plants (commelina bengh ... | 2017 | 28396881 |
| characterisation, surface properties and biological activity of a biosurfactant produced from industrial waste by candida sphaerica ucp0995 for application in the petroleum industry. | the development of less toxic, biodegradable, surfactants, such as biosurfactants, is a key strategy for acquiring environmentally friendly compounds. the aim of the present study was to employ an optimised medium containing 9% ground nut oil refinery residue and 9% corn steep liquor for the production of a biosurfactant by candida sphaerica. fermentation was carried out at 28 °c and 200 rpm for 144 h. biosurfactant yield was 9 g/l. the biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of the medium to ... | 2013 | 23006562 |
| chemical stimulants of leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers: natural products, neurotransmitters, insecticides, and drugs. | larvae of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae), often transect leaves with a narrow trench before eating the distal section. the trench reduces larval exposure to exudates, such as latex, during feeding. plant species that do not emit exudate, such as plantago lanceolata, are not trenched. however, if exudate is applied to a looper's mouth during feeding on p. lanceolata, the larva will often stop and cut a trench. dissolved chemicals can be similarly applied and tested f ... | 2003 | 14584674 |
| occupational dermatitis in danish gardeners and greenhouse workers (iii). compositae-related symptoms. | the clinical part of the study aimed at describing epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of occupational compositae dermatitis. patch testing with the sesquiterpene lactone (sl) and compositae mixes, feverfew extract and supplementary allergens in 250 selected gardeners showed compositae allergy in 25, 17 females and 8 males. 24 were possibly occupationally sensitized. the mean age was lower and the preponderance of women higher compared to classical compositae dermatitis, and the distribution ... | 1998 | 9536405 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones. | patients with compositae sensitization are routinely warned against the ingestion of vegetables, spices, teas and herbal remedies from this family of plants. the evidence for the occurrence of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactone-containing plants is mostly anecdotal and based on statements from patients rather than scientific data. however, a few clinical reports on accidental sensitization and exposure and oral challenge prove the existence of this kind of reaction, mos ... | 2017 | 27568784 |
| study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (lactuca sativa). | allergic reactions to lettuce (lactuca sativa) are not too frequent and few cases of systemic adverse reactions after its ingestion have been described. | 1998 | 9756210 |
| asparagus decline: autotoxicity and autotoxic compounds in asparagus rhizomes. | asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) is a perennial vegetable, but its crop productivity and quality decrease gradually. one possible reason for "asparagus decline" is thought to be the autotoxicity of asparagus. however, the autotoxic property of asparagus rhizomes remains unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the potential role of rhizomes in the autotoxicity of asparagus. an aqueous methanol extract of asparagus rhizomes inhibited the growth of asparagus seedlings and six othe ... | 2017 | 28314158 |
| toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce. | due to unknown effects of the potential exposure of the terrestrial environment to tungsten substances, a series of toxicity studies of sodium tungstate (na(2) wo(4) ) was conducted. the effect on earthworm (eisenia fetida) survival and reproduction was examined using organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) guideline 222. no effect on either endpoint was seen at the highest concentration tested, resulting in a 56-d no-observed-effect concentration (noec) of ≥586 mg tungsten ... | 2011 | 21805499 |
| can artificial soil be used in the vegetative vigor test for u.s. pesticide registration? | current testing guidelines for pesticide registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. the purpose ... | 2008 | 18563958 |
| cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers. | in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ... | 2006 | 15982719 |
| effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading. | the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ... | 2000 | 15092904 |
| toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants (avena sativa, zea mays, triticum aestivum, and lactuca sativa). | influence of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) on the germination of seeds and growth of seedling plants were studied in laboratory experiments. test plants were wild oats (avena sativa), sweet corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth of plants exposed to different concentrations of mtbe in a moist soil were examined. seed germination and seedling growth in mtbe-contaminated soil were markedly reduced in all test plant ... | 2002 | 12152769 |
| classical and biochemical endpoints in the evaluation of phytotoxic effects caused by the herbicide trichloroacetate. | three terrestrial plant species, oat (avena sativa ), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris cv. chinensis) and lettuce (lactuca sativa), were exposed to different concentrations of herbicide tca (sodium trichloroacetate) in a growth test according to guideline oecd # 208. classical (i.e. germination and biomass) and biochemical (i.e., antioxydant enzyme activities) endpoints were investigated. germination rate decreased significantly at 3.9 mg tca kg dry soil(-1) (for oat and lettuce) and 62.5 mg ... | 2000 | 11064042 |
| allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates. | l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ... | 1994 | 24242057 |
| allelopathy of oats. i. assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical. | the allelopathic potential of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions. the ethyl ether-, acetone-, and water-soluble fractions obtained from the extract of oat shoots inhibited the germination and growth of roots and hypocotyls of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). the inhibitory activity of the water-soluble fraction was maximum, followed by that of ethyl ether-soluble and acetone-soluble fraction. an active principle of the water-soluble fraction was isolated and ... | 1994 | 24242056 |
| activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases in various plant species. | in extracts from the youngest leaves of avena sativa, hordeum vulgare, zea mays, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to v(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled ornithine. the arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per ... | 1985 | 16664442 |
| characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of monoclonal antibodies to pisum and avena phytochrome. | nine monoclonal antibodies to pea (pisum sativum l.) and 16 to oat (avena sativa l.) phytochrome are characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against phytochrome from six different sources: pea, zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), oat, rye (secale cereale l.), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). all antibodies were raised against phytochrome with a monomer size near 120,000 daltons. nevertheless, none of them discriminated qualitatively between 118/114-kilodalton oa ... | 1984 | 16663365 |
| comparative phytochrome immunochemistry as assayed by antisera against both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous phytochrome. | preparation and characterization of antisera against lettuce (lactuca sativa l., cv. grand rapids) and pea (pisum sativum l., cv. alaska) phytochrome is described. these antisera, together with previously obtained antisera against zucchini (cucurbita pepo l., cv. black beauty) and oat (avena sativa l., cv. garry) phytochrome, were used to compare by ouchterlony double immunodiffusion phytochrome isolated from etiolated lettuce, pea, bean (phaseolus vulgaris l., cv. taylor horticultural bush), zu ... | 1982 | 16662599 |
| behavioral responses of schistocerca americana (orthoptera: acrididae) to azadirex (neem)-treated host plants. | azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. less well known are the antifeedant properties. the feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (azatrol ec) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the american grasshopper, schistocerca americana (drury), and four host plants [savoy c ... | 2007 | 17370818 |