| phytotoxic lignans of leucophyllum frutescens. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) extract of the leaves of leucophyllum frutescens (berl.) i.m.johnst (scrophulariaceae) led to the isolation of its phytotoxic constituents diayangambin (1), epiyangambin (2), diasesartemin (3) and epiashantin (4). phytotoxicity was demonstrated as inhibition of seed germination of agrostis stolonifera cv. penncross (poaceae) and inhibition of development of lactuca sativa l. (asteraceae) seedlings in a microassay using 24-well plate ... | 1999 | 10441036 |
| chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils obtained from ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle cultivated in tunisia. | ailanthus altissima mill. swingle (simaroubaceae), also known as tree of heaven, is used in the chinese traditional medicine as a bitter aromatic drug for the treatment of colds and gastric diseases. in tunisia, ailanthus altissima is an exotic tree, which was introduced many years ago and used particularly as a street ornamental tree. here, the essential oils of different plant parts of this tree, viz., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and samaras (ripe fruits), were obtained by hydrodistillation ... | 2014 | 25146765 |
| phytotoxic phenylpropanoids isolated from ophryosporus charua (griseb.) hieron. | bioguided isolation of the etoh extract from the medicinal native plant, ophryosporus charua, against raphanus sativus, yielded three phenylpropanoids, charuol a [(z)-4-((1s,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate], charuepoxide [(z)-4-((2s,3r)-3-(acetoxymethyl oxiran-2-yl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate] and charuol b [(z)-4-((1r,2r)-3-acetoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)phenyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate]. their structures and absolute configuration were established by extensive spectros ... | 2017 | 28279523 |
| carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc. | carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ... | 2013 | 23146312 |
| toxic effects of environmental pollutants: comparative investigation using allium cepa l. and lactuca sativa l. | studies that help understand the mechanisms of action of environmental pollutants are extremely important in environmental toxicology. in this context, assays using plants as models stand out for their simplicity and low performance cost. among the plants used for this purpose, allium cepa l. is the model most commonly applied for cytogenotoxic tests, while lactuca sativa l., already widely used in phytotoxic investigations, has been gaining prominence in cytotoxic analyses. the present study ai ... | 2017 | 28340458 |
| toxicity and genotoxicity assessment in sediments from the matanza-riachuelo river basin (argentina) under the influence of heavy metals and organic contaminants. | the aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of chemical extraction associated with the detection of toxicity and genotoxicity in sediment sample extracts. quantitative analysis of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), together with a battery of four bioassays, was performed in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency of inorganic and organic toxicants. the extracts were carried out using two inorganic solvents, two organic solvents and two extraction methodologies, m ... | 2017 | 27764694 |
| municipal composts reduce the transfer of cd from soil to vegetables. | cadmium (cd) is a non-essential trace element that accumulates in agricultural soils through the application of cd-rich phosphate fertiliser. vegetables can accumulate cd to concentrations that sometimes exceed food safety standards. we investigated the potential of low-cost soil amendments to reduce cd uptake by spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and onion (allium cepa l.). batch sorption experiments revealed the relative sorption of cd by biosolids, charcoal, lignite, ... | 2016 | 26874314 |
| an apple plus a brazil nut a day keeps the doctors away: antioxidant capacity of foods and their health benefits. | antioxidant-rich foods scavenge free radicals and other reactive species, decreasing the risk of different non-communicable chronic diseases. the objective of this study was to review the content of total antioxidant capacity of commonly foods comparing with experimental data and to explore the health benefits due to foods with moderate to high tac. the tac was analytically measured using the "total antioxidant capacity" (nx2332) test from randox® (uk) by spectrometry at 600 nm. brazil nut (bert ... | 2016 | 26572874 |
| evaluation of phytotoxicity of municipal landfill leachate before and after biological treatment. | in the present study, leachate toxicity of a municipal solid waste landfill located in the sinos river valley region (southern brazil) was evaluated using plant bioassays. leachate toxicity was assessed by analysis of seed germination and root elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and rocket plant eruca sativa mill.) and root elongation of onions allium cepa l.). bioassays were performed by exposing the seeds of l. sativa and e. sativa and the roots of a. cepa to raw leachate, treated leacha ... | 2015 | 26270214 |
| phytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of imazethapyr herbicide using a battery of bioassays. | the imazethapyr herbicide (formulation verosil(®)) was evaluated for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of bioassays: (1) the growth inhibition of the green alga pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, (2) the root growth and germination of the higher plant lactuca sativa, (3) the genetic damage using the salmonella/microsome test, and (4) the aneugenic and clastogenic effects on allium cepa. the verosil(®) formulation was highly toxic to the non-target green alga (median effective concentr ... | 2015 | 26250814 |
| taking ecological function seriously: soil microbial communities can obviate allelopathic effects of released metabolites. | allelopathy (negative, plant-plant chemical interactions) has been largely studied as an autecological process, often assuming simplistic associations between pairs of isolated species. the growth inhibition of a species in filter paper bioassay enriched with a single chemical is commonly interpreted as evidence of an allelopathic interaction, but for some of these putative examples of allelopathy, the results have not been verifiable in more natural settings with plants growing in soil. | 2009 | 19277112 |
| phytotoxicity of triterpenes and limonoids from the rutaceae and meliaceae. 5α,6β,8α,12α-tetrahydro-28-norisotoonafolin--a potent phytotoxin from toona ciliata. | limonoids and triterpenes are the largest groups of secondary metabolites and have notable biological activities. meliaceae and rutaceae are known for their high diversity of metabolites, including limonoids, and are distinguished from other families due to the frequent occurrence of such compounds. the increased interest in crop protection associated with the diverse bioactivity of these compounds has made these families attractive in the search for new allelopathic compounds. in the study repo ... | 2015 | 25920211 |
| diterpene foliar exudates of blakiella bartsiifolia and phytotoxicity of clerodanes. | blakiella bartsiifolia (s.f. blake), an endemic and rare high altitude plant of the northern andes, appears well adapted to the prevailing harsh environment owing in part to a thick glandular trichome cover. from foliar exudates, two new clerodanes, 15,16-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatrien-20-oic acid (bartsiifolic acid) (2) and z-15,16-dihydroxy-3,13-clerodien-20-oic acid (barthydrolic acid) (3), were isolated in addition to the known junceic acid (1). in addition, three new alicyclic fur ... | 2014 | 25522526 |
| ecotoxicological and genotoxic assessment of hospital laundry wastewaters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters generated from a regional hospital located in rio pardo valley in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. physicochemical, microbiological, ecotoxicological, and genotoxic analyses were performed, and the results indicate that some parameters were not in accordance with the limit concentrations established by brazilian and international guidelines for urban wastewaters. daphnia magna (ec50 ... | 2015 | 25135422 |
| phytotoxicity of secondary metabolites isolated from flourensia oolepis s.f.blake. | the aim of this study was to isolate the active principles of flourensia oolepis s.f.blake (asteraceae), which completely inhibited the germination of raphanus sativus seeds at 10 mg/ml. flavanone pinocembrin and sesquiterpene ilicol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. they were active both against monocot and dicot seeds. pinocembrin was the most active compound, with an ic50 (germination) value of 0.24, 3.40, 3.28, and 3.55 mm against panicum miliaceum, avena sativa, lactuca sativ ... | 2013 | 23847074 |
| effects of indole amides on lettuce and onion germination and growth. | auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), are important in plant germination and growth, while physiological polyamines, such as putrescine, are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and their concentrations increase during germination. in this work, novel indole amides were synthesized in good yields by monoacylation of morpholine and unprotected symmetrical diamines with indole-3-carboxylic acid, a putative metabolite of iaa, possessing no auxin-like activity. these amides were ... | 2011 | 22191214 |
| metabolites from withania aristata with potential phytotoxic activity. | a series of apocarotenoids (1-8) and one carotenoid (9) were isolated from the leaves of withania aristata. in addition, the tetraacetylated apocarotenoid glucosides 10-12 were obtained by acetylation, with derivative 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6e-dien-3-one 9-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside tetraacetate (10) being described for the first time. the structures have been determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means, mainly nmr and esi-ms, and comparison with data reported in the literature. these metab ... | 2010 | 20734937 |
| bioactive apocarotenoids from tectona grandis. | the bioactive fractions of tectona grandis have yielded seven apocarotenoids, two of which have been isolated for the first time as natural products (tectoionols a and b). the chemical structures were determined through 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. the absolute configuration of tectoionol a was determined using a modified mosher methodology. some nmr assignments for the compounds 9(s)-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionol and 3beta-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone have been corrected ... | 2008 | 18834604 |
| plant growth-promoting bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus p23 increases the chlorophyll content of the monocot lemna minor (duckweed) and the dicot lactuca sativa (lettuce). | acinetobacter calcoaceticus p23 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium that was isolated from the surface of duckweed (lemna aoukikusa). the bacterium was observed to colonize on the plant surfaces and increase the chlorophyll content of not only the monocotyledon lemna minor but also the dicotyledon lactuca sativa in a hydroponic culture. this effect on the lactuca sativa was significant in nutrient-poor (×1/100 dilution of h2 medium) and not nutrient-rich (×1 or ×1/10 dilutions of h2 medium) co ... | 2014 | 24468072 |
| low molecular weight phenols from the bioactive aqueous fraction of cestrum parqui. | the aqueous fraction of fresh leaves of cestrum parqui and its organic fractions have been assayed for their phytotoxicity on lactuca sativa, lycopersicon esculentum, and allium cepa. the tests showed that the bioactivity was retained in the organic fractions. chromatographic processes led to isolation and characterization of the n-(p-carboxymethylphenyl)-p-hydroxybenzamide together with 17 low molecular weight phenols and 2 flavones. the phytotoxicity tests showed a good activity of these compo ... | 2004 | 15212454 |
| photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene on germination and early development of plant seedling. | the influence of light on phytotoxicity of increased concentration (2, 5, 10 mg/l) of intact fluoranthene (flt) and photomodified fluoranthene (phflt) diluted in experimental solutions was investigated. the germination rate of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.) seeds and some parameters of seedlings primary growth of these plant species were used as laboratory indicators of phytotoxicity. among them a length of root and shoot, their dry we ... | 2004 | 15184002 |
| bioactivities of volatile components from nepalese artemisia species. | the essential oils from the leaves of artemisia dubia, a. indica, and a. vulgaris growing wild in nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. the major components in a. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). a. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). the essential oil of nepalese a. vulgaris was rich in alpha-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%) ... | 2012 | 23413575 |
| cinnamic acid amides from chenopodium album: effects on seeds germination and plant growth. | seven cinnamic acid amides have been isolated from chenopodium album. the structures have been attributed by means of their spectral data. one of them, n-trans-4-o-methylferuloyl 4'-o-methyldopamine, is described for the first time. their effects on germination and growth of dicotyledons lactuca sativa l. (lettuce) and lycopersicon esculentum l. (tomato) and of monocotyledon allium cepa l. (onion) as standard target species have been studied in the range concentration 10(-4)-10(-7) m. | 2003 | 14630003 |
| lignans and neolignans from brassica fruticulosa: effects on seed germination and plant growth. | five lignans, five neolignans, two sesquilignans, and a dilignan were identified from a phytotoxic extract of brassica fruticulosa l. compounds 8, 9, 12, and 13 have been isolated for the first time. structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic features. their effects on the germination and growth of two dicotyledons, lactuca sativa (lettuce) and lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), and a monocotyledon, allium cepa (onion), as standard target species have been studied. | 2003 | 14518939 |
| increased stable inheritance of herbicide resistance in transgenic lettuce carrying a pete promoter-bar gene compared with a camv 35s-bar gene. | inheritance of resistance to herbicide (300 mg/l glufosinate ammonium) up to the third (t3) seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv 'evola') harbouring a t-dna containing the bar gene, linked to either the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, or a -784-bp plastocyanin promoter from pea (pete). only 2.5% (4/163) of camv 35s-bar plants, selected by their kanamycin resistance(t0 generation), transmitted herbicide resistance at high freque ... | 1999 | 22665193 |
| [comparative analysis of parasite detection methods in vegetables for human consumption]. | vegetable contamination is a persistent health problem. the different methods of processing and diagnosis make it difficult to determine the most effective and sensitive technique. | 2013 | 23431633 |
| potential allelochemicals from sambucus nigra. | twenty-four aromatic metabolites belonging to cyanogenins, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic glycosides were obtained from sambucus nigra. structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic features. two compounds have been isolated and identified as (2s)-2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and benzyl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate. all the compounds have been assayed on dicotyledons lactuca sativa (lettuce) and raphanus sativus (radish) and monocoty ... | 2001 | 11730871 |
| natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models. | a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ... | 2000 | 10898656 |
| yield loss assessments for cultivars of broccoli, lettuce, and onion exposed to ozone. | the effects of the photochemical oxidant air pollutant ozone (o(3)) on growth and yield of three garden crops, broccoli (brassica oleracea l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), and onion (allium cepa l.) were studied in an open-top chamber experiment conducted in the field in southern california. four cultivars each of leaf lettuce, broccoli, and globe onion were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered (nf) air, or nf plus 1.5 times ambient o(3) concentration from 4 weeks after germinati ... | 1990 | 15092228 |
| | the contents of sterol derivatives (sterols + esters, glycosides and acylated glycosides) have been determined using thin layer chromatography in leaves and bulky and organs from carrots (daucus carota l.) potato (solanum tuberosum l.), onion (allium cepa l.) two varieties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) and gentiana purpurea l. plants. ether-soluble lipids of leaves contain 2.8-5.2%, those of storage tissue 3.1-8.9% sterol derivatives. the fractionation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l., burpee's r ... | 1970 | 11945480 |
| comparative large-scale analysis of interactions between several crop species and the effector repertoires from multiple pathovars of pseudomonas and ralstonia. | bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type iii secretion systems. recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts. host p ... | 2009 | 19571308 |
| [ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)]. | nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ... | 2014 | 25338393 |
| phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi. | foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ... | 2013 | 23216166 |
| phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants. | the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ... | 2008 | 18205060 |
| role of benzoxazinones in allelopathy by rye (secale cereale l.). | two phytotoxic compounds [2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa)] were previously isolated and identified in 35-day-old greenhouse-grown rye shoot tissue. both compounds were also detected by tlc in greenhouse-grown root and fieldgrown shoot tissue. the concentration of diboa varied in the tissues, with the greatest quantity detected in greenhouse-grown shoots. diboa and boa were compared with β-phenyllactic acid (pla) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (hba) for a ... | 1987 | 24302054 |
| determination of vitamin c, b-carotene and riboflavin contents in five green vegetables organically and conventionally grown. | as consumer interest in organically grown vegetables is increasing in malaysia, there is a need to answer whether the vegetables are more nutritious than those conventionally grown. this study investigates commercially available vegetables grown organically and conventionally, purchased from retailers to analyse β-carotene, vitamin c and riboflavin contents. five types of green vegetables were selected, namely chinese mustard (sawi) (brassica juncea), chinese kale (kai-lan) (brassica alboglabra) ... | 2003 | 22692530 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies in an elisa for detecting an invasive pest insect, liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae). | a monoclonal antibody was prepared by the hybridoma technology. it reacted only with the protein of liriomyza trifolii (burgess) and not with that of chromatomyia horticola goureau or liriomyza sativae blanchard in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it was effective even after being diluted more than 8.192×10(6)-fold. the detection sensitivity of the antibody was 31.3 µg/ml under controlled conditions. positive reaction was achieved with all laboratory-reared l. trifolii samples, includ ... | 2015 | 26470159 |
| three combined quantitative trait loci from nonhost lactuca saligna are sufficient to provide complete resistance of lettuce against bremia lactucae. | the nonhost resistance of wild lettuce (lactuca saligna) to downy mildew (bremia lactucae) is based on at least 15 quantitative trait loci (qtl), each effective at one or more plant developmental stages. we used qtl pyramiding (stacking) to determine how many of these qtl from l. saligna are sufficient to impart complete resistance towards b. lactucae to cultivated lettuce, l. sativa. the alleles of four of the most promising qtl, rbq4, rbq5, rbq6+11, and rbq7 are effective at both the young and ... | 2009 | 19656050 |
| variations in bioactive substance contents and crop yields of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivated in soils with different fertilization treatments. | changes in crop yields and bioactive substance contents were studied in lettuce crop concerning the influence of soil nutritional status as a result of compost and vermicompost additions obtained from different organic substrates. plant productions and main pigment contents in lettuce were higher in all the fertilized soils than in the untreated soil, with the exception of the one treated with urban solid waste compost. these positive effects correlate with nitrogen level increase in soil. howev ... | 2009 | 19821565 |
| [bio-objects and biological methods of space radiation effects evaluation]. | the unique conditions of space experiments place austere requirements to bio-objects and biological methods of radiation effects evaluation. the paper discusses suitability of a number of bio-objects varying in stage of evolution and metabolism for space researches aimed to state common patterns of the radiation damage caused by heavy ions (hi), and character of hi-cell interaction. physical detectors in space experiments of the bioblock series make it possible to identify bio-objects hit by spa ... | 2009 | 20120909 |
| delay of germination1 (dog1) regulates both seed dormancy and flowering time through microrna pathways. | seed germination and flowering, two critical developmental transitions in plant life cycles, are coordinately regulated by genetic and environmental factors to match plant establishment and reproduction to seasonal cues. the delay of germination1 (dog1) gene is involved in regulating seed dormancy in response to temperature and has also been associated genetically with pleiotropic flowering phenotypes across diverse arabidopsis thaliana accessions and locations. here we show that dog1 can regula ... | 2016 | 27035986 |
| investigating a potential auxin-related mode of hormetic/inhibitory action of the phytotoxin parthenin. | parthenin is a metabolite of parthenium hysterophorus and is believed to contribute to the weed's invasiveness via allelopathy. despite the potential of parthenin to suppress competitors, low doses stimulate plant growth. this biphasic action was hypothesized to be auxin-like and, therefore, an auxin-related mode of parthenin action was investigated using two approaches: joint action experiments with lactuca sativa, and dose-response experiments with auxin/antiauxin-resistant arabidopsis thalian ... | 2016 | 26686984 |
| genetic variation for thermotolerance in lettuce seed germination is associated with temperature-sensitive regulation of ethylene response factor1 (erf1). | seeds of most lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars are susceptible to thermoinhibition, or failure to germinate at temperatures above approximately 28°c, creating problems for crop establishment in the field. identifying genes controlling thermoinhibition would enable the development of cultivars lacking this trait and, therefore, being less sensitive to high temperatures during planting. seeds of a primitive accession (pi251246) of lettuce exhibited high-temperature germination capacity up to 33° ... | 2016 | 26574598 |
| pyrolytic treatment and fertility enhancement of soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons. | pyrolysis of contaminated soils at 420 °c converted recalcitrant heavy hydrocarbons into "char" (a carbonaceous material similar to petroleum coke) and enhanced soil fertility. pyrolytic treatment reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph) to below regulatory standards (typically <1% by weight) within 3 h using only 40-60% of the energy required for incineration at 600-1200 °c. formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was not observed, with post-pyrolysis levels well below applicable ... | 2016 | 26284736 |
| high-throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to aphids by automated video tracking. | piercing-sucking insects are major vectors of plant viruses causing significant yield losses in crops. functional genomics of plant resistance to these insects would greatly benefit from the availability of high-throughput, quantitative phenotyping methods. | 2015 | 25657813 |
| overexpression of atgrdp2, a novel glycine-rich domain protein, accelerates plant growth and improves stress tolerance. | proteins with glycine-rich signatures have been reported in a wide variety of organisms including plants, mammalians, fungi, and bacteria. plant glycine-rich protein genes exhibit developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns. herein, we present the characterization of the atgrdp2 gene using arabidopsis null and knockdown mutants and, arabidopsis and lettuce over-expression lines. atgrdp2 encodes a short glycine-rich domain protein, containing a duf1399 domain and a putative rna recognit ... | 2014 | 25653657 |
| small heat shock proteins can release light dependence of tobacco seed during germination. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) function as atp-independent molecular chaperones, and although the production and function of shsps have often been described under heat stress, the expression and function of shsps in fundamental developmental processes, such as pollen and seed development, have also been confirmed. seed germination involves the breaking of dormancy and the resumption of embryo growth that accompany global changes in transcription, translation, and metabolism. in many plants, g ... | 2015 | 25604531 |
| expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance. | thermoinhibition, or failure of seeds to germinate at warm temperatures, is common in lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars. using a recombinant inbred line population developed from a lettuce cultivar (salinas) and thermotolerant lactuca serriola accession uc96us23 (uc), we previously mapped a quantitative trait locus associated with thermoinhibition of germination to a genomic region containing a gene encoding a key regulated enzyme in abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxy ... | 2013 | 23503626 |
| enhanced proton translocating pyrophosphatase activity improves nitrogen use efficiency in romaine lettuce. | plant nitrate (no3(-)) acquisition depends on the combined activities of root high- and low-affinity no3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. these processes are coordinated with photosynthesis and the carbon status of the plant. here, we present the characterization of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa 'conquistador') plants engineered to overexpress an intragenic gain-of-function allele of the type i proton translocating pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppas ... | 2013 | 23307651 |
| uranium uptake by hydroponically cultivated crop plants. | hydroponicaly cultivated plants were grown on medium containing uranium. the appropriate concentrations of uranium for the experiments were selected on the basis of a standard ecotoxicity test. the most sensitive plant species was determined to be lactuca sativa with an ec(50) value about 0.1mm. cucumis sativa represented the most resistant plant to uranium (ec(50)=0.71 mm). therefore, we used the uranium in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1mm. twenty different plant species were tested in hyd ... | 2011 | 21486682 |
| comparative cross-species alternative splicing in plants. | alternative splicing (as) can add significantly to genome complexity. plants are thought to exhibit less as than animals. an algorithm, based on expressed sequence tag (est) pairs gapped alignment, was developed that takes advantage of the relatively small intron and exon size in plants and directly compares pairs of ests to search for as. est pairs gapped alignment was first evaluated in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) for which annotat ... | 2007 | 17496110 |
| metabolite fingerprinting in transgenic lettuce. | metabolite fingerprinting has been achieved using direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (apci-ms) and linked gas chromatography (gc-apci/ei-ms) for transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. evola) plants expressing an ipt gene under the control of the senescence-specific sag12 promoter from arabidopsis thaliana (p(sag12)-ipt). mature heads of transgenic lettuce and their azygous controls were maintained under defined conditions to assess their shelf life. transgenic l ... | 2005 | 17173617 |
| arabidopsis thaliana: a new test species for phytotoxic bioassays. | lettuce seeds (lactuca sativa l.) and other crop species are often used in phytotoxic bioassays that are designed to detect allelochemicals. the seeds of these species are considered ideal because they are readily available, germinate rapidly and uniformly, and are routinely used in laboratories around the world. despite their common use, however, the seeds of these species are often not as sensitive or responsive to some phytotoxic chemicals as are the seeds of other species. while searching fo ... | 2005 | 16222813 |
| molecular analysis of a homogentisate phytyltransferase gene from lactuca sativa l. | tocochromanols, usually known as vitamin e, play a crucial role in human and animal nutrition. the enzyme homogentisate phytyltransferase (hpt) performs the first committed step of the vitamin e biosynthetic pathway. the full-length cdna encoding hpt was isolated from lactuca sativa l. by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna, designated as lshpt, was 1,670 bp long containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1,185 bp which encoded a protein of 395 amino acids. sequence analysis indicat ... | 2010 | 20872075 |
| nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and de-etiolation, and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, three light-inducible responses in plants. | seed germination, greening of etiolated plants and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation are stimulated by light, which is sensed by various types of photoreceptor. nitric oxide (no) has proven to be a bioactive molecule, especially in mammalian cells and, most recently, in plants. like some phytochrome-dependent processes, many no-mediated ones are accomplished through increases in cgmp levels. given these similarities, we proposed that no could take part in light-mediated events in plants. here w ... | 2000 | 10664127 |
| blue and green light-induced phototropism in arabidopsis thaliana and lactuca sativa l. seedlings. | exposure time-response curves for blue and green light-induced phototropic bending in hypocotyls of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and lactuca sativa l. seedlings are presented. these seedlings show significant phototropic sensitivity up to 540 to 550 nanometers. since wave-lengths longer than 560 nanometers do not induce phototropic bending, it is suggested that the response to 510 to 550 nanometers light is mediated by the specific blue light photoreceptor of phototropism. we advise care in ... | 1985 | 16664021 |
| allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cultivars on lettuce (lactuca sativa) and weed plants. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is the fourth most consumed oleaginous plant in the world, producing seeds with high contents of lipids, proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates. biological activities of different extracts of this species have already been evaluated by many researchers, including antioxidant, antitumoral, and antibacterial. in this work, the allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut cultivars against lettuce (lactuca sativa) and two weed plants (commelina bengh ... | 2017 | 28396881 |
| characterisation, surface properties and biological activity of a biosurfactant produced from industrial waste by candida sphaerica ucp0995 for application in the petroleum industry. | the development of less toxic, biodegradable, surfactants, such as biosurfactants, is a key strategy for acquiring environmentally friendly compounds. the aim of the present study was to employ an optimised medium containing 9% ground nut oil refinery residue and 9% corn steep liquor for the production of a biosurfactant by candida sphaerica. fermentation was carried out at 28 °c and 200 rpm for 144 h. biosurfactant yield was 9 g/l. the biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of the medium to ... | 2013 | 23006562 |
| chemical stimulants of leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers: natural products, neurotransmitters, insecticides, and drugs. | larvae of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae), often transect leaves with a narrow trench before eating the distal section. the trench reduces larval exposure to exudates, such as latex, during feeding. plant species that do not emit exudate, such as plantago lanceolata, are not trenched. however, if exudate is applied to a looper's mouth during feeding on p. lanceolata, the larva will often stop and cut a trench. dissolved chemicals can be similarly applied and tested f ... | 2003 | 14584674 |
| ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in dhaka, bangladesh. | tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in bangladesh. it has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. no ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in bangladesh has been conducted so far. in this study a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried out from water samples obtained from three sampling points: upstream from discharging site on river bu ... | 2010 | 21186722 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones. | patients with compositae sensitization are routinely warned against the ingestion of vegetables, spices, teas and herbal remedies from this family of plants. the evidence for the occurrence of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactone-containing plants is mostly anecdotal and based on statements from patients rather than scientific data. however, a few clinical reports on accidental sensitization and exposure and oral challenge prove the existence of this kind of reaction, mos ... | 2017 | 27568784 |
| study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (lactuca sativa). | allergic reactions to lettuce (lactuca sativa) are not too frequent and few cases of systemic adverse reactions after its ingestion have been described. | 1998 | 9756210 |
| asparagus decline: autotoxicity and autotoxic compounds in asparagus rhizomes. | asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) is a perennial vegetable, but its crop productivity and quality decrease gradually. one possible reason for "asparagus decline" is thought to be the autotoxicity of asparagus. however, the autotoxic property of asparagus rhizomes remains unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the potential role of rhizomes in the autotoxicity of asparagus. an aqueous methanol extract of asparagus rhizomes inhibited the growth of asparagus seedlings and six othe ... | 2017 | 28314158 |
| toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce. | due to unknown effects of the potential exposure of the terrestrial environment to tungsten substances, a series of toxicity studies of sodium tungstate (na(2) wo(4) ) was conducted. the effect on earthworm (eisenia fetida) survival and reproduction was examined using organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) guideline 222. no effect on either endpoint was seen at the highest concentration tested, resulting in a 56-d no-observed-effect concentration (noec) of ≥586 mg tungsten ... | 2011 | 21805499 |
| can artificial soil be used in the vegetative vigor test for u.s. pesticide registration? | current testing guidelines for pesticide registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. the purpose ... | 2008 | 18563958 |
| cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers. | in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ... | 2006 | 15982719 |
| effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading. | the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ... | 2000 | 15092904 |
| toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants (avena sativa, zea mays, triticum aestivum, and lactuca sativa). | influence of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) on the germination of seeds and growth of seedling plants were studied in laboratory experiments. test plants were wild oats (avena sativa), sweet corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth of plants exposed to different concentrations of mtbe in a moist soil were examined. seed germination and seedling growth in mtbe-contaminated soil were markedly reduced in all test plant ... | 2002 | 12152769 |
| classical and biochemical endpoints in the evaluation of phytotoxic effects caused by the herbicide trichloroacetate. | three terrestrial plant species, oat (avena sativa ), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris cv. chinensis) and lettuce (lactuca sativa), were exposed to different concentrations of herbicide tca (sodium trichloroacetate) in a growth test according to guideline oecd # 208. classical (i.e. germination and biomass) and biochemical (i.e., antioxydant enzyme activities) endpoints were investigated. germination rate decreased significantly at 3.9 mg tca kg dry soil(-1) (for oat and lettuce) and 62.5 mg ... | 2000 | 11064042 |
| allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates. | l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ... | 1994 | 24242057 |
| allelopathy of oats. i. assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical. | the allelopathic potential of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions. the ethyl ether-, acetone-, and water-soluble fractions obtained from the extract of oat shoots inhibited the germination and growth of roots and hypocotyls of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). the inhibitory activity of the water-soluble fraction was maximum, followed by that of ethyl ether-soluble and acetone-soluble fraction. an active principle of the water-soluble fraction was isolated and ... | 1994 | 24242056 |
| activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases in various plant species. | in extracts from the youngest leaves of avena sativa, hordeum vulgare, zea mays, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to v(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled ornithine. the arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per ... | 1985 | 16664442 |
| characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of monoclonal antibodies to pisum and avena phytochrome. | nine monoclonal antibodies to pea (pisum sativum l.) and 16 to oat (avena sativa l.) phytochrome are characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against phytochrome from six different sources: pea, zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), oat, rye (secale cereale l.), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). all antibodies were raised against phytochrome with a monomer size near 120,000 daltons. nevertheless, none of them discriminated qualitatively between 118/114-kilodalton oa ... | 1984 | 16663365 |
| comparative phytochrome immunochemistry as assayed by antisera against both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous phytochrome. | preparation and characterization of antisera against lettuce (lactuca sativa l., cv. grand rapids) and pea (pisum sativum l., cv. alaska) phytochrome is described. these antisera, together with previously obtained antisera against zucchini (cucurbita pepo l., cv. black beauty) and oat (avena sativa l., cv. garry) phytochrome, were used to compare by ouchterlony double immunodiffusion phytochrome isolated from etiolated lettuce, pea, bean (phaseolus vulgaris l., cv. taylor horticultural bush), zu ... | 1982 | 16662599 |
| behavioral responses of schistocerca americana (orthoptera: acrididae) to azadirex (neem)-treated host plants. | azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. less well known are the antifeedant properties. the feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (azatrol ec) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the american grasshopper, schistocerca americana (drury), and four host plants [savoy c ... | 2007 | 17370818 |
| promotion of seed germination by nitrate, nitrite, hydroxylamine, and ammonium salts. | action and uptake of azides, nitrates, nitrites, hydroxylamines, and ammonium salts were measured on germination of amaranthus albus, lactuca sativa, phleum pratense, barbarea vulgaris, b. verna, and setaria glauca seeds. nitrate and nitrite reductase activities were measured in vivo for each of these kinds of seeds. activities were measured in vitro for catalase, peroxidase, glycolate oxidase, and pyridine nucleotide quinone reductase on extracts of a. albus and l. sativa seeds before and after ... | 1974 | 16658878 |
| review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection. | we have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. anthraquinone (aq) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. avian repellent research with aq began in the 1940s. in the context of pest management, aq is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. criteria for evaluation of e ... | 2016 | 27252044 |
| contribution to the traditional uses of medicinal plants of turgutlu (manisa--turkey). | the aim of this study is to document and describe important ethnobotanical features of 14 villages of turgutlu (manisa - turkey). | 2015 | 26494509 |
| spectrophotometric determination of cu(2+) and monitoring of hg(2+) and ni(2+) in some iranian vegetables using 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione. | recently, 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione (ndtt) was synthesized in laboratory and used successfully for the spectrophotometric determination of nanogram levels of cu(2+) in aqueous solution. this reagent forms a specific red complex with cu(2+) ions after the extraction by chloroform at alkaline ph. the absorption of the complex in the uv region (313 nm) is about 8 times as strong as in the visible one (510 nm). mercury and nickel ions form yellow complexes with ndtt under the ... | 2013 | 24250566 |
| lox-dependent gene expression in transgenic plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | lox sites of the cre/lox recombination system from bacteriophage p1 were analyzed for their ability to affect on transgene expression when inserted upstream from a gene coding sequence adjacent to the right border (rb) of t-dna. wild and mutated types of lox sites were tested for their effect upon bar gene expression in plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation methods. lox-mediated expression of bar gene, recognized by resistance of transgenic plants to ppt, occurr ... | 2013 | 23821951 |
| availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils. | to anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. for this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. 'dwarf bean modus'), kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes l.), mangold (beta vul ... | 2006 | 11401283 |
| effects of co-cropping bidens pilosa (l.) and tagetes minuta (l.) on bioaccumulation of pb in lactuca sativa (l.) growing in polluted agricultural soils. | polluted agricultural soils are a serious problem for food safety, with phytoremediation being the most favorable alternative from the environmental perspective. however, this methodology is generally time-consuming and requires the cessation of agriculture. therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate two potential phytoextractor plants (the native species bidens pilosa and tagetes minuta) co-cropped with lettuce growing on agricultural lead-polluted soils. the concentrations of pb, as ... | 2016 | 26940382 |
| the role of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the allelopathic effects of alstonia scholaris. | alstonia scholaris is a tropical evergreen tree native to south and southeast asia. alstonia forests frequently lack understory species. however, potential mechanisms-particularly the allelochemicals involved-remain unclear. in the present study, we identified allelochemicals of a. scholaris, and clarified the role of allelopathic substances from a. scholaris in interactions with neighboring plants. we showed that the leaves, litter, and soil from a. scholaris inhibited growth of bidens pilosa-a ... | 2014 | 24390624 |
| allelopathy on bark of downed logs of chamaecyparis obtusa sieb. and zucc. var. formosana (hayata) rehder. | chamaecyparis obtusa sieb. and zucc. var. formosana (hayata) rehder is the dominant species in the temperate forest of yuanyang lake nature reserve (yyl), taiwan. although downed logs of c. obstusa var. formosana occupy only a small percentage of the forest floor area in yyl, they are important regeneration substrates. seedlings of this species often grow without competition on the new downed logs, and a few broadleaf trees grow with them. we hypothesized that the bark of the newly fallen logs p ... | 2007 | 17476467 |
| allelopathic potential of macaranga tanarius (l.) muell.-arg. | macaranga tanarius is widely distributed in the abandoned lowlands of taiwan where substantial amounts of leaves accumulate on the ground. a unique pattern of weed exclusion underneath trees is often found and thought to result from allelopathic interactions. density-dependent phytotoxicity analysis of lactuca sativa l. (lettuce) growing in soil mixed with the powder of m. tanarius leaves showed a significant deviation from the expected yield-density relationship. lettuce growth was most suppres ... | 2003 | 12857035 |
| benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) induced changes in leaf water relations, photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination in lactuca sativa. | the effects are reported here of benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa), an allelopathic compound, on plant water relations, growth, components of chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbon isotope discrimination in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). lettuce seedlings were grown in 1:1 hoagland solution in perlite culture medium in environmentally controlled glasshouse. after 30 days, boa was applied at concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm and distilled water (control). boa, in the range (0.1-1.5 mm), decreased ... | 2011 | 21665486 |
| older leaves of lettuce (lactuca spp.) support higher levels of salmonella enterica ser. senftenberg attachment and show greater variation between plant accessions than do younger leaves. | salmonella can bind to the leaves of salad crops including lettuce and survive for commercially relevant periods. previous studies have shown that younger leaves are more susceptible to colonization than older leaves and that colonization levels are dependent on both the bacterial serovar and the lettuce cultivar. in this study, we investigated the ability of two lactuca sativa cultivars (saladin and iceberg) and an accession of wild lettuce (l. serriola) to support attachment of salmonella ente ... | 2015 | 25953858 |
| 2-3h-benzoxazolinone (boa) induces loss of salt tolerance in salt-adapted plants. | in order to test the stress hypothesis of allelopathy of reigosa et al. (1999, 2002), the combined action of a well-established allelochemical compound (2-3h-benzoxazolinone, boa) and a common abiotic stress (salt stress) were investigated in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). in a previous study (baerson et al. 2005), we demonstrated that the primary effects of boa are related to the expression of genes involved in detoxification and stress responses, which might serve to simultaneously alleviate bio ... | 2009 | 19538396 |
| the natural compound benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one selectively retards cell cycle in lettuce root meristems. | benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) is a natural plant product that is phytotoxic to target plant species, inhibiting germination and growth and causing oxidative damage. we investigated its effects on the root meristems of seedlings of lettuce (lactuca sativa) by means of light and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and conventional determination of mitotic index. flow cytometry analyses and mitotic index showed a retard of cell cycle in boa-treated meristems with selective activity at ... | 2008 | 18597799 |
| hydroxamic acid content and toxicity of rye at selected growth stages. | rye (secale cereale l.) is an important cover crop that provides many benefits to cropping systems including weed and pest suppression resulting from allelopathic substances. hydroxamic acids have been identified as allelopathic compounds in rye. this research was conducted to improve the methodology for quantifying hydroxamic acids and to determine the relationship between hydroxamic acid content and phytotoxicity of extracts of rye root and shoot tissue harvested at selected growth stages. det ... | 2005 | 16222814 |
| effect of induced oxidative stress and herbal extracts on acid phosphatase activity in lysosomal and microsomal fractions of midgut tissue of the silkworm, bombyx mori. | lysosomal and microsomal acid phosphatase activity was estimated in midgut tissue of silkworm larvae, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), after induced oxidative stress by d-galactose. the larvae were simultaneously were treated with ethanolic extracts of bacopa monniera and lactuca sativa to study their antioxidant properties. lipid peroxidation and fluorescence was measured to analyze extent of oxidative stress. the ethanolic extract of lactuca sativa was found to be more effective in pr ... | 2010 | 20874583 |
| effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. | to assess the efficiency of seven treatments including biochars produced from dried faecal matter and manures as stabilizing agents of cadmium (cd)-spiked soils, lettuce was grown in glasshouse on two contrasting soils. the soils used were moderately fertile silty loam and less fertile sandy loam and the applied treatments were 7 % w/w. the reduction of bioavailable cd (ammonium nitrate extractable) and its phytoavailability for lettuce were used as assessment criteria in the evaluation of stabi ... | 2016 | 27047723 |
| nitrification of leachates from manure composting under field conditions and their use in horticulture. | this work aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of nitrification applied to the treatment of leachates formed during composting of cattle and pig manure in order to promote their further use as liquid fertilizer in horticulture. nitrification trials were successfully conducted in summer and winter seasons under mediterranean climate conditions. subsequently, effect of using the nitrified effluents as nutritive solution in the fertigation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) was assessed in terms of pro ... | 2015 | 26239938 |
| copper, nickel and zinc accumulations in lettuce grown in soil amended with contaminated cattle manure vermicompost after sequential cultivations. | the cu, ni and zn accumulations in leaves and roots of lettuce (lactuca sativa l) grown in soil amended with natural and contaminated cattle manure vermicompost were evaluated. the vermicompost residues containing relatively high metal concentrations used in this work were obtained from a previous experiment, in which vermicompost was applied to removing metals from electroplating wastes. sequential lettuce cultivations were conducted in pots containing the residual substrates from the first cul ... | 2013 | 23837328 |
| effects of soil dilution and amendments (mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar) on pb availability and phytotoxicity in military shooting range soil. | bioavailability and bioaccessibility determine the level of metal toxicity in the soils. inorganic soil amendments may decrease metal bioavailability and enhance soil quality. this study used mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar to reduce lead (pb) toxicity in the highly contaminated military shooting range soil in korea. water-soluble and 1-m ammonium nitrate extractions, and a modified physiologically based extraction test (pbet) were performed to determine pb bioavailability and bioaccessibili ... | 2012 | 22266035 |
| removal of phyto-accessible copper from contaminated soils using zero valent iron amendment and magnetic separation methods: assessment of residual toxicity using plant and metplate™ studies. | zero valent iron (zvi) has been widely tested and used in remediation of both contaminated soils and groundwater, and in general, the in situ amendment of the contaminated media is used as remediation approach. however, concerns remain as to the potential detrimental effects of both the immobilized zvi and the adsorbed pollutants as the treated system could undergo transformations over time. accordingly, plans for soil remediation by in situ immobilization of sorbents should include a long-term ... | 2016 | 27661723 |
| effect of differential n and s competition in inter- and sole cropping of brassica species and lettuce on glucosinolate concentration. | field and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential to use intercropping as an alternative method to increase glucosinolates in brassicas by manipulating nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s) balance by intercropping with lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata). in both experiments, four combinations of n and s fertilization were used. in the field experiment no effect of intercropping on the total glucosinolate concentration was found as the growing lettuce was strongly inhibi ... | 2012 | 22577876 |
| environmental and potential health effects of growing leafy vegetables on soil irrigated using sewage sludge and effluent: a case of zn and cu. | the use of sewage sludge and effluent as a source of nutrients and water for crop production is increasing worldwide. a study was conducted in 2001 at pension farm (near harare) to determine the effect of long term (>30 yrs) application of sewage sludge and effluent on zn and cu accumulation in top soil, uptake of these metals by lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and mustard rape (brassica juncea l.), and dry matter yield. application of sewage sludge/effluent significantly (p<0.001) increased total z ... | 2004 | 15186034 |
| irrigation with industrial wastewater activates antioxidant system and osmoprotectant accumulation in lettuce, turnip and tomato plants. | we focused on the impact of industrial wastes on the water quality of the el-amia drain in egypt and the effect of irrigation with industrial wastewater on the growth, cell membranes, photosynthetic pigment content, the antioxidant system and selected osmoprotectants (proline, total amino nitrogen and soluble sugars) in three crop plants: turnip, tomato and lettuce. furthermore, the present work focused on the analysis of the heavy metal content and its accumulation in the studied plants. for th ... | 2013 | 23790475 |