| molecular characterisation of a distinct south african cassava infecting geminivirus. | african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) are whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) which are widespread in cassava in africa and cause serious yield losses. recently, a new geminivirus affecting cassava in south africa (sacmv) has been reported. in this work sacmv was found to have dna-a and dna-b components. comparisons of amino acid sequences of the putative coat protein, and nucleotide sequences of the common region and a 687-bp dna b fragment of s ... | 1998 | 9856107 |
| dietary deficiency of cystine and methionine in rats alters thiol homeostasis required for cyanide detoxification. | nutritional status is an important factor in modulating the metabolic fate of xenobiotics. sulfur amino acid (saa) deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for human neurological diseases among protein-poor populations subsisting on the cyanophoric plant cassava. female sprague-dawley rats were used to develop and define a model of saa deficiency for use in future studies examining cassava-related neurotoxicity. rats were kept in metabolic cages for 7-21 d and fed a balanced diet (bd) of kn ... | 1998 | 9885999 |
| bonnet monkey model for pancreatic changes in induced malnutrition. | pancreatic degenerative lesions of identical nature could be induced in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) fed protein-deficient tapioca or cassava starch-based and corn-starch-based diets for 3 or 5 months. marked to severe lobular and acinar cell atrophy in animals fed low-protein diets resembled human pancreatic atrophy resulting from protein deficiency. animals fed low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets showed lesions akin to tropical chronic calculus pancreatopathy with diabetes mellitus. the pa ... | 1999 | 9888664 |
| the energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs. | the dose response effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. twelve clusters of 14 pigs (50-kg castrated males) were fed one of four diets, similar in composition, except for the starch and nsp content. the difference in starch and nsp ratio was created by exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 5, 10, or 15% sbps. pigs were housed in groups and fed at 2.5 times t ... | 1998 | 9928606 |
| infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus clones to cassava by biolistic inoculation. | clones of an african cassava mosaic virus isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog) were shown to be infectious to cassava by biolistic inoculation. the production of pseudorecombinants between acmv-nog and clones of an acmv isolate originating from kenya (acmv-k) indicated that the lack of infectivity of acmv-k to cassava was due to defect(s) in the dna b genomic component; this component encodes two proteins involved in cell-to-cell movement. this is the first demonstration of infectivity of ... | 1998 | 9930204 |
| recent advances in cassava pest management. | cassava (manihot esculenta) occupies a uniquely important position as a food security crop for smallholder farmers in ares of the tropics where climate, soils, or societal stresses constrain production. given its reliability and productivity, cassava is the most important locally produced food in a third of the world's low-income, food-deficit countries. it is the fourth most important source of carbohydrates for human consumption in the tropics, after rice, sugar, and maize. world production of ... | 1999 | 9990720 |
| sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient malnourished populations in africa. | sodium cyanate, a neurotoxic chemical in rodents, primates and humans, is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in protein-deficient populations subsisting in parts of africa on the cyanogenic plant cassava. the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cyanate neurotoxicity are not understood. this study investigates the effect of sodium cyanate on glutathione (gsh) homeostasis in rodent brain and liver in vitro and in vivo. gsh levels in mouse brain were rapidly, time- and dose-dependently decr ... | 1999 | 10023026 |
| effect of cassava on motor co-ordination and neurotransmitter level in the albino rat. | the root of cassava, a tropical plant, is consumed in the tropics and has been attributed as the cause for various tropical neuropathies. this study aims to discover the neurotoxic effects of chronic cassava consumption of indian origin and the effect of malnutrition. the assessment is based on the motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in rats. cassava consumption reduced the motor co-ordination, but the changes in neurotransmitter levels due to cassava consumption (except for 5ht in c ... | 1999 | 10069482 |
| modified starch enhances absorption and accelerates recovery in experimental diarrhea in rats. | rice gruels have been used as home remedies to treat dehydration associated with diarrheal illness in developing countries. these preparations have produced conflicting results, most likely due to the heterogeneity of starch used. we investigated whether the modified tapioca starch, textra (tx), at 5.0 or 10.0 g/l added to a 90 mmol/l na+-111 mmol glucose oral rehydration solution (ors) enhanced water and electrolyte absorption in two models of diarrhea. to induce a secretory state (model a), th ... | 1999 | 10088661 |
| aflp fingerprinting: an efficient technique for detecting genetic variation of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) is the causative agent of cassava bacterial blight (cbb), a worldwide disease that is particularly destructive in south america and africa. cbb is controlled essentially through the use of resistant varieties. to develop an appropriate disease management strategy, the genetic diversity of the pathogen's populations must be assessed. until now, the genetic diversity of xam was characterized by rflp analyses using ribotyping, and plasmid and genomic xam p ... | 1999 | 10206688 |
| aflp assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (cbb). | cassava bacterial blight (cbb) is caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). resistance is found in manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, m. glaziovii. the resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. ninety-three varieties of m. esculenta (crantz) were assessed by aflps for genetic diversity and for resistance to cbb. aflp analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. the ... | 1999 | 10231955 |
| identification of genes directly and indirectly involved in the insect transmission of african cassava mosaic geminivirus by bemisia tabaci. | the inability to transmit progeny virus resulting from the cloned components of an isolate of african cassava mosaic virus originating from kenya (acmv-k) has been shown to be due to defects in both genomic components. this was achieved by the production of infectious pseudorecombinants between acmv-k and the cloned components of a whitefly-transmissible acmv isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog). the exchange of gene fragments between acmv-k and acmv-nog has been used to demonstrate that ... | 1999 | 10334034 |
| purification and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from bacillus firmus. | a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; e.c. 2.4.1.19), produced by bacillus firmus, was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, affinity and gel filtration chromatography. the molecular weight of the pure protein was estimated to be 78,000 and 82,000 da, by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the pure enzyme had a ph optimum in the range 5.5-8.5. it was stable over the ph range 7-11 at 10 degrees c, and at ph 7.0 at 60 degrees c. the optimum tempera ... | 1999 | 10341434 |
| [nutritional evaluation of protein quality of cassava leaf combined with casein by plastein reaction]. | the present work was conducted to obtain a proteic product and to evaluate its biological value in order to be used for human and/or domestic animal consumption. thus, it were used cassava leaves as a non conventional source of protein. it was produced a freeze-dried, fat-free and colourless proteic isolated from those leaves (clpi). this was mixed with casein and after the mixture as enzymatically hydrolyzed and resynthesized (plastein reaction) to obtain a precipitated (pp) and a soluble plast ... | 1998 | 10347695 |
| screening of medicinal plants from trinidad and tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. | antibacterial activity in 51 extracts from 29 plant species currently used in traditional medicine in trinidad and the neighbouring caribbean islands was tested for by the agar dilution streak method using six bacteria: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa. salmonella tophimurium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis. the extracts from eight of the plants tested showed significant activity against one or more micro-organisms and the most susceptible bac ... | 1999 | 10363843 |
| lipid content and fatty acid composition in foods commonly consumed by nursing congolese women: incidences on their essential fatty acid intakes and breast milk fatty acids. | the fat content and fatty acid (fa) composition of nearly 40 foods, currently consumed by 102 nursing congolese mothers living in brazzaville, were determined to assess their impact on mothers' essential fatty acid (efa) intakes and breast milk fa. data on mothers' milk fa and dietary habits which allowed food selection were recently published (rocquelin et al., 1998). most foods were locally produced. food samples were collected at local markets, bleached if necessary to avoid microbial degrada ... | 1998 | 10367004 |
| secretion of lysine in a broth medium by lactic bacteria and yeasts associated with garri production using a synthetic gene. | although cassava is an important food in the tropics, it has two major deficiencies which are carried over into those foods made from it: its content of toxic cyanogenic glucosides and its low content of protein and amino acids. garri, a fermented cassava food, has previously been ameliorated using organisms which simultaneously secrete linamarase (to reduce the residual cyanide in the food), amylase (to contribute to the growth of fermenting organisms and increase the flavour) and lysine (to im ... | 1999 | 10389256 |
| performance of laying pullets fed on cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and reject cashew nut meal. | 1. a 70-d experiment was conducted to determine the response of 26-week-old laying pullets to cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and full-fat cashew nut meal (cnm) in comparison with a standard 550 g maize/kg reference diet. the 4 test diets all contained 315 g cnm/kg 232.5, 155.0, 77.5 and 0.0 g/kg of maize offal in combination with 77.5, 155.0, 232.5 and 315.0 g/kg of cassava peel, respectively. 2. pullets fed on the 4 cnm-based diets consumed (p<0.05) less food than those fe ... | 1999 | 10405040 |
| food toxins, ampa receptors, and motor neuron diseases. | environmental chemicals involved in the etiology of human neurodegenerative disorders are challenging to identify. described here is research designed to determine the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of nerve cell degeneration in two little known corticomotoneuronal diseases with established environmental triggers. both conditions are toxic-nutritional disorders dominated by persistent spastic weakness of the legs and degeneration of corresponding corticospinal pathways. lathyrism, a disease ... | 1999 | 10461541 |
| effect of varied fermentation periods on the diabetogenic potential of toasted cassava granules. | the effects of exclusive gari diets prepared using varied fermentation periods on the fasting blood glucose levels (fbgl) and glucose tolerance (gt) of rats were studied. thirty growing male albino rats divided randomly into 5 groups of 6 rats each were used. the 5 groups were each fed gari diets fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours; and a standard rat diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. data on the total cyanogen content and % crude protein of the diets; fbgl, gt, body weight, water:feed consumption ... | 1999 | 10472793 |
| bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurological disease in humans subsisting on cassava. | neurological disorders have been reported from parts of africa with protein-deficient populations and attributed to cyanide (cn-) exposure from prolonged dietary use of cassava, a cyanophoric plant. cyanide is normally metabolized to thiocyanate (scn-) by the sulfur-dependent enzyme rhodanese. however, in protein-deficient subjects where sulfur amino acids (saa) are low, cn may conceivably be converted to cyanate (ocn-), which is known to cause neurodegenerative disease in humans and animals. th ... | 1999 | 10478859 |
| parameters of thyroid function in the endemic goitre of akungba and oke-agbe villages of akoko area of southwestern nigeria. | the parameters of thyroid function were determined in akungba and oke-agbe communities of akoko area, where goiter is endemic and compared to a control population of erinmo and ifewara in ijesha area, both areas being in southwestern nigeria. the two study areas have similar physical and geological settings. however, while the main carbohydrate source of the control population are yam and/or bread-fruit, the akoko population derives her carbohydrates mainly from cassava which could lead to incre ... | 1998 | 10497657 |
| comparative effects of scopoletin and cyanide on rat brain, 1: histopathology. | four week old male wistar rats were used to study the effects of scopoletin and cyanide on the histopathology of rat brain. the rats were divided into a control and three experimental groups (2-4) and fed rations containing 0.07 microg scopoletin/100 g, 0.07 microg scopoletin + 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g and 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g, respectively. these levels of scopoletin and cyanide corresponded to levels found in a processed cassava diet. the first group was fed the same ration as the others but witho ... | 1999 | 10540987 |
| a nanovirus-like dna component associated with yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides: evidence for interfamilial recombination between plant dna viruses. | yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides, a weed species that is widely distributed throughout asia, has been attributed to infection by the geminivirus ageratum yellow vein virus (ayvv). in addition to a single ayvv genomic component (dna a), we have previously demonstrated that infected plants contain chimeric defective viral components, comprising dna a and nongeminiviral sequences, that act as defective interfering dnas. a database search has revealed that the nongeminiviral sequences of o ... | 1999 | 10544139 |
| [spastic paraparesis due to long term consumption of wild cassava (manihot esculenta): a neurotoxic model of motor neuron disease]. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is the basic foodstuff of more than 500 million persons in developing countries. its edible root contains a glucoside with a high cyanogenic content, linamarina, which is hydrolysed in the human intestinal tract by the resident microbial flora, with liberation of hcn. inadequate preparation and cooking followed by consumption whilst half-raw, especially in diets based almost exclusively on cassava for a long period of time, may lead to a neurological syndrome of damag ... | 1999 | 10599107 |
| degradation of cyanogenic glycosides by lactobacillus plantarum strains from spontaneous cassava fermentation and other microorganisms. | strains of lactobacillus plantarum, leuconostoc mesenteroides, candida tropicalis and penicillium sclerotiorum were screened for 19 enzymatic activities using the commercial kit api zym (bio mérieux). this activity was compared to the ability of degrading the toxic cyanogenic glycosides amygdalin, linamarin, and linseed cyanogens (a mixture of linustatin and neolinustatin). good correlation between the beta-glucosidase activity found in the api zym screening and the ability to degrade the cyanog ... | 1999 | 10634708 |
| cytochromes p-450 from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) catalyzing the first steps in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. cloning, functional expression in pichia pastoris, and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes. | the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in cassava are the conversion of l-valine and l-isoleucine, respectively, to the corresponding oximes. two full-length cdna clones that encode cytochromes p-450 catalyzing these reactions have been isolated. the two cassava cytochromes p-450 are 85% identical, share 54% sequence identity to cyp79a1 from sorghum, and have been assigned cyp79d1 and cyp79d2. functional expression has been achie ... | 2000 | 10636899 |
| evidence of synergism between african cassava mosaic virus and a new double-recombinant geminivirus infecting cassava in cameroon. | stem cuttings were collected in cameroon from cassava plants displaying cassava mosaic disease (cmd) symptoms. the nature of the viruses present was determined by using the pcr with primers specific for the coat protein (cp) genes of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv). all samples were infected by acmv and eight of the 50 samples were infected by both acmv and an eacmv-like virus. the complete nucleotide sequences of dna-a and -b of representative a ... | 2000 | 10640569 |
| plant cyanogenic glycosides. | the cyanogenic glycosides belong to the products of secondary metabolism, to the natural products of plants. these compounds are composed of an alpha-hydroxynitrile type aglycone and of a sugar moiety (mostly d-glucose). the distribution of the cyanogenic glycosides (cgs) in the plant kingdom is relatively wide, the number of cg-containing taxa is at least 2500, and a lot of such taxa belong to families fabaceae, rosaceae, linaceae, compositae and others. different methods of determination are d ... | 2000 | 10669009 |
| expression of functional recombinant antibody molecules in insect cell expression systems. | recombinant single-chain variable-fragment molecules (scfv) were constructed from a cell line expressing a monoclonal antibody against african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and expressed in escherichia coli. dna sequences that encoded the scfv were manipulated to allow scfv expression in insect cell lines. a recombinant baculovirus containing the scfv cdna was constructed and large amounts of scfv were produced in each of three insect cell lines infected with the baculovirus. however, the scfv wer ... | 2000 | 10686153 |
| reproduction and mortality in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, temminck. | the reproductive performance and mortalities in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, were monitored from 1992 to 1998 at the grasscutter domestication centre, achimota, ghana. the animals were kept in cages and exposed to constant lighting from a 100 w electric light bulb during the night. the diet consisted mainly of freshly cut panicum maximum (guinea grass) fed ad libitum, with occasional supplements of cassava and cane sugar. the results indicate that the mean litt ... | 2000 | 10717939 |
| design and evaluation of a lactobacillus manihotivorans species-specific rrna-targeted hybridization probe and its application to the study of sour cassava fermentation. | based on 16s rrna sequence comparison, we have designed a 20-mer oligonucleotide that targets a region specific to the species lactobacillus manihotivorans recently isolated from sour cassava fermentation. the probe recognized the rrna obtained from all the l. manihotivorans strains tested but did not recognize 56 strains of microorganisms from culture collections or directly isolated from sour cassava, including 29 species of lactic acid bacteria. this probe was then successfully used in quanti ... | 2000 | 10788405 |
| characterization and genomic analysis of tobacco vein clearing virus, a plant pararetrovirus that is transmitted vertically and related to sequences integrated in the host genome. | a previously undescribed caulimo-like virus was identified in the hybrid tobacco species nicotiana edwardsonii, and was named tobacco vein clearing virus (tvcv) after the symptoms associated with its occurrence in this plant. the virions of tvcv are 50 nm in diameter and are composed of a 45 kda capsid protein and a 7767 bp dsdna genome. each strand of the genome is interrupted by a site-specific discontinuity. in genome sequence and arrangement of orfs tvcv was most similar to cassava vein mosa ... | 2000 | 10811941 |
| dietary cyanide from insufficiently processed cassava and growth retardation in children in the democratic republic of congo (formerly zaire). | dietary cyanide exposure from cyanogenic glucosides in insufficiently processed cassava has been advanced as a contributing factor in child growth retardation. whether cyanide exposure aggravates children's growth retardation was studied by comparing two populations of children from the northern and the southern zones of the bandundu region, democratic republic of congo (former zaire), using dietary interviews, anthropometry and urine analyses. both populations consumed cassava as their staple d ... | 2000 | 10824211 |
| characterization of a granulovirus from the cassava hornworm (erinnyis ello: sphingidae). | a colombian isolate of erinnyis ello granulovirus (eegv) was characterized by electron microscopy, restriction endonuclease digestion, and sds-page. electron microscopy showed the occlusion bodies to have a morphology typical of granuloviruses. the restriction patterns of dna from eegv and the granuloviruses of trichoplusia ni (tngv) and pieris rapae (prgv) show little or no similarity, indicating little relatedness among these viruses. eegv was estimated to possess a relatively small genome of ... | 2000 | 10843834 |
| study of biocatalyst to produce ethanol from starch. coimmobilization of glucoamylase and yeast in gel. | this article presents a detailed study on the conditions for achieving a stable biocatalyst to be used in the production of ethanol from starch. different pellets were used depending on which characteristic of the biocatalyst was being studied: (a) saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in pectin or calcium alginate gel particles; (b) silica containing immobilized glucoamylase entrapped in pectin gel particles; or (c) pectin gel particles, with the silica-enzyme derivative and yeast coimmobilized. t ... | 2000 | 10849824 |
| anaerobic digestion from residue of industrial cassava industrialization with acidogenic and methanogenic physical separation phases. | a trial was carried out in a continuous regimen, using a completely stirred tank reactor, at acidogenic phase, and a hybrid reactor (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket + fixed bed) at methanogenic phase at room temperature. the residue to be treated came from a flour and cassava meal industry, and the reactors operated for 300 d with affluent chemical oxygen demand (cod) concentrations of 7500, 9000, 11,000, and 14,000 mg/l. the final results showed a biogas production with a content of 80% methane ... | 2000 | 10849839 |
| enhancement of selectivity for producing gamma-cyclodextrin. | the production of cyclodextrins (cds) by cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase (cgtase) from bacillus firmus was studied, with respect to the effect of the source of starch upon cd yield and on the selectivity for producing gamma-cd. cyclodextrin production tests were run for 24 h at 50 degrees c, ph 8.0, and 1 mg/l of cgtase, and substrates were maltodextrin or the starches of rice, potato, cassava, and corn hydrolyzed up to d.e. 10. cornstarch was the best substrate for producing gamma-cd. later, ... | 2000 | 10849849 |
| the use of a starter culture in the fermentation of cassava for the production of "kivunde", a traditional tanzanian food product. | three cassava fermentation methods (spontaneous fermentation, back-slopping and the use of starter culture) for the production of kivunde, executed in three trials at 30 degrees c, were compared in terms of cyanide level reduction, microbiology and product quality improvement. among the isolates from spontaneously fermented cassava batches, four strains were selected on the basis of their enzymatic activities and acid production. all were identified as lactobacillus plantarum and were used as st ... | 2000 | 10857544 |
| comparisons of effects of raw and gelatinized sago and tapioca starches on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats. | effects of raw and gelatinized sago and tapioca starches on serum and liver lipid concentrations were compared in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. total serum cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the rats fed raw sago starch showed a statistically significant decrease and tendency to decrease, respectively, when compared with those of rats fed raw tapioca starch. both the serum total cholesterol and atherogenic index in the rats fed gelatinized sago starch showed a tendency to decrease ... | 2000 | 10868347 |
| effect of wainan rogo on body weight and plasma glucose in wistar rats. | wainan rogo (wr) is a deep-fat fried dough made from grated fresh cassava. it was found in a cross sectional case-control study to have a risk factor 3.2 times higher in diabetic than non diabetic indigenes of borno state of nigeria. this study examines the chemical composition, and effects of wr on body weight and blood glucose in wistar rats. the study found a higher fat and lower protein composition of the wr diet, and found a higher plasma glucose in the wr fed rats and a more significant we ... | 2000 | 10904938 |
| optimization of the production of aroma compounds by kluyveromyces marxianus in solid-state fermentation using factorial design and response surface methodology. | studies were carried out for the production of aroma compounds in solid-state fermentation using factorial design and response surface methodology (rsm) experiments. five agro-industrial residues were evaluated as substrate for cultivating a strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. the results proved the feasibility of using cassava bagasse and giant palm bran (opuntia ficus indica) as substrates to produce fruity aroma compounds by the yeast culture. in order to test the influence of the process para ... | 2000 | 10908866 |
| sale of street food in latin america. the mexican case: joy or jeopardy? | have you ever visited a public market in mexico, guatemala, panama, colombia, venezuela, peru or brazil? have you ever stopped to eat delicious mayan-style pork tacos, turnovers filled with corn fungus or squash flower, octopus stuffed crepes, crab, cassava, 'alcapurrias' or grasshoppers with lime juice and chili, agave worms or a 'come back to life' seafood cocktail? if you have not, you have been missing a large part of the mexican, guatemalan, panamanian, colombian, venezuelan, peruvian and b ... | 2000 | 10912387 |
| molecular diversity of lactic acid bacteria from cassava sour starch (colombia). | lactic acid bacteria and more particularly lactobacilli and leuconostoc, are widely found in a wide variety of traditional fermented foods of tropical countries, made with cereals, tubers, meat or fish. these products represent a source of bacterial diversity that cannot be accurately analysed using classical phenotypic and biochemical tests. in the present work, the identification and the molecular diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cassava sour starch fermentation were assessed by ... | 2000 | 10930082 |
| long-term ingestion of cassava (tapioca) does not produce diabetes or pancreatitis in the rat model. | cassava (tapioca, manihot) is consumed as a staple food in some developing countries. the intake of cassava has been linked to several diseases including fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (tropical calcific pancreatitis). there are few long-term studies on the effect of cassava ingestion on the pancreas in animal models. this article reports on the long-term (up to 1 yr) effects of cassava in the rat model. we found that cassava did not produce diabetes in the rat even after a year of cassava f ... | 2000 | 10952402 |
| [xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris in a non-conventional culture medium]. | among 3 varieties of xanthomonas campestris, the variety ocumo (x. campestris pv. ocumo), showed the greatest capacity for producing xanthan. this bacteria grows appropriately and produces this polysaccharide in a wide diversity of carbohydrate sources. however, this strain does not produce xanthan when the carbohydrate comes from lignocellulosic materials. the glucose syrup favepro was the carbon source that showed the best yield (23 g/l) with the greatest viscosity (7000 cps) of xanthan. the o ... | 1999 | 10974710 |
| effect of cassava consumption on open-field behavior and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats. | diet exerts a critical influence on human biology and thus studies on the interrelationship of nutrition and behavior continues to be a major and important focus of research in the natural experimental sciences. cassava is known to cause metabolic and neurological derangement on long-term consumption as a staple diet in the tropics. in this article we present the effects of cassava consumption on open-field behavior and catecholamine levels in the hypothalamus of albino rats. cassava consumption ... | 2000 | 10978482 |
| assessment of genetic variability in a traditional cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) farming system, using aflp markers. | despite the urgent need to conserve domesticated plant genetic resources, and developing 'on farm' strategies of conservation, the impact of traditional farming practices and of their interaction with ecological factors on the structure and evolutionary dynamics of the genetic variability of crop populations has been little documented. we assessed the genetic variability of 31 varieties of cassava (m. esculenta crantz) traditionally grown by makushi amerindians from guyana, using aflp markers. w ... | 2000 | 11012725 |
| the effects of calcium benzoate in diets with or without organic acids on dietary buffering capacity, apparent digestibility, retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics in swine. | eight barrows (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]), initially 30 kg bw, were fitted with ileal cannulas to evaluate the effects of supplementing ca benzoate (2.4%) and organic acids (oa) in the amount of 300 meq acid/kg feed on dietary buffering capacity (bc), apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics. swine were allotted in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments according to a cyclic (8 x 5) changeover design. two tapioca-corn-soybean meal-b ... | 2000 | 11048928 |
| starch grains reveal early root crop horticulture in the panamanian tropical forest. | native american populations are known to have cultivated a large number of plants and domesticated them for their starch-rich underground organs. suggestions that the likely source of many of these crops, the tropical forest, was an early and influential centre of plant husbandry have long been controversial because the organic remains of roots and tubers are poorly preserved in archaeological sediments from the humid tropics. here we report the occurrence of starch grains identifiable as manioc ... | 2000 | 11057665 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and host range of south african cassava mosaic virus: further evidence for recombination amongst begomoviruses. | complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a (2800 nt) and dna-b (2760 nt) components of a novel cassava-infecting begomovirus, south african cassava mosaic virus (sacmv), were determined and compared with various new world and old world begomoviruses. sacmv is most closely related to east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) in both its dna-a (85% with eacmv-mh and -mk) and -b (90% with eacmv-ug2-mld and eacmv-ug3-svr) components; however, percentage sequence similarities of less than 90% in the ... | 2001 | 11125158 |
| effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs. | a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 24 finishing pigs (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]) to determine the effects of dietary buffering capacity (bc) and carbohydrate sources on apparent total tract digestibility (td), n retention, and manure characteristics. twelve of these pigs were fitted with steered ileo-cecal value cannulas to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (id) of n. experimental variables were two levels of bc (high = 600 meq/kg and low = 530 meq/kg) a ... | 2000 | 11132824 |
| cassava mosaic virus disease in east africa: a dynamic disease in a changing environment. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd), now known to be caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (family geminiviridae; genus begomovirus), was first reported in east africa in 1894. epidemics occurred in madagascar and uganda in the 1930s and 1940s, and more localised rapid spread of cmd was observed in parts of coastal tanzania in the 1930s and coastal kenya in the 1970s. during the 1990s, a major regional pandemic of an unusually severe form of cmd has expanded to affect parts of at least five countries, ... | 2000 | 11137168 |
| identification of essential active-site residues in the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by site-directed mutagenesis. | the coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (beta-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21; linamarase) was cloned into the vector pyx243 modified to contain the suc2 yeast secretion signal sequence and expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant enzyme is active, glycosylated and showed similar stability to the plant protein. michaelis constants for hydrolysis of the natural substrate, linamarin (k(m)=1.06 mm) and the synthetic p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (pnp ... | 2001 | 11139381 |
| cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes. | by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2000 | 11152069 |
| hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from tapioca starch reduces zinc and iron absorption, but not calcium and magnesium absorption, in rats. | male rats were fed a fiber-free, purified diet containing either gelatinized tapioca starch that was not modified chemically (ts, 50 g/kg diet) or gelatinized chemically modified tapioca starch (cms, 50 g/kg) for 21 d. ts was used as the control. the six kinds of gelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (hdp) from tapioca with two different degrees of substitution (ds) and three different degrees of cross-linking (dc) were used as cms sources. the wet weight and moisture of fecal output of t ... | 2001 | 11160549 |
| recombination, pseudorecombination and synergism of geminiviruses are determinant keys to the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda. | the molecular variability of cassava geminiviruses occurring in uganda was investigated in this study. infected cassava plants and whiteflies were collected from cassava plantings in different geographical areas of the country and pcr was used for molecular characterization of the viruses. two complete sequences of dna-a and -b from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), two dna-a sequences from east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv), two dna-b sequences of eacmv and the partial dna-a nucleotid ... | 2001 | 11172108 |
| the size of encapsidated single-stranded dna determines the multiplicity of african cassava mosaic virus particles. | transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants harbouring a defective interfering (di) dna of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and control plants were inoculated with acmv. virus particles were purified from infected plants, separated in sucrose gradients and fractions were analysed by southern blotting. transgenic plant-derived virus particles taken from the top fractions of sucrose gradients contained di dna, middle fractions contained a mixture of genomic and di dna and bottom fractions contained ... | 2001 | 11172110 |
| performance of growing goats fed gliricidia maculata. | sixteen female crossbred (localxanglo-nubian) goats raised from 20-30kg were fed a basal diet of cassava chips, cotton seed cake, rice bran and rice straw, where 0, 30, 40 or 50% of the diet dry matter was replaced with leaves from gliricidia maculata. all the diets containing gliricidia resulted in a higher intake than the diet without gliricidia, but the diet with 30% gliricidia gave the best intake and the highest growth rate, 105g per day. total intake was 2.8% of the body weight (bw). five ... | 2001 | 11182303 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows. | the effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and nsp content. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in starch and nsp ratio in the diet. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance e ... | 2001 | 11204695 |
| efficient production of transgenic cassava using negative and positive selection. | in order to improve the efficiency of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) transformation, two different selection systems were assessed, a positive one based on the use of mannose as the selective agent, and a negative one based on hygromycin resistance encoded by an intron-containing hph gene. transgenic plants selected on mannose or hygromycin were regenerated for the first time from embryogenic suspensions cocultivated with agrobacterium. after the initial selection using mannose and hygromyci ... | 2000 | 11206969 |
| isozyme diversity in cassava cultivars (manihot esculenta crantz). | isoenzyme electrophoresis was used as a method to determine genetic diversity in various m. esculenta cultivars collected in the southwestern (sw) and northwestern (nw) regions of the state of parana, in the south region of brazil, and in cultivars produced at the agronomic institute of campinas (iac), são paulo state, southeastern region of brazil. the cultivars have been maintained by vegetative propagation for 5 years and are useful in production programs. a total of 28 loci in the acid phosp ... | 2000 | 11221580 |
| effect of dietary factors on the detection of fecal occult blood in cats. | eight different diets were each fed to 6 cats to evaluate the effect on a guaiac and an o-tolidine fecal occult blood test. fecal samples were collected from day 5 through day 7. canine blood or pure cottage cheese were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. one hundred thirty-four fecal samples were analyzed. the dry fish (capelin) and vegetable (tapioca) diet and the pure cottage cheese diet had only negative results in both tests, whereas a canned chicken and cereal (rice) diet ... | 2001 | 11289220 |
| does prolonged cyanide exposure have a diabetogenic effect? | cyanide exposure through cassava consumption has been associated with the development of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (mrdm). however, there are few experimental reproductions of this disease. in the present study 42 rats received 0, 9.0 or 12.0 mg kcn/kg bw/d for 15 d, 26 pigs were dosed with 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg kcn/kg for 74 d, and 34 goats received 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg kcn/kg for 5 mo. at the end of each experimental period, plasma samples were obtained for glucose and thioc ... | 2001 | 11308117 |
| cooperativity and substrate specificity of an alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1. | the saccharifying alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1 hydrolyzes both alpha-(1,4)- and alpha-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages of different linear and branched polysaccharides. the following observations were made concerning the analysis of the coexpressed amylase and neopullulanase enzymes. even though the enzymes were subjected to a rigorous purification protocol, the activities could not be separated, because both the enzymes were found to migrate in a single peak ... | 2001 | 11318036 |
| cassava-soy weaning food: biological evaluation and effects on rat organs. | weaning food was formulated using a cassava product, 'tapioca' (tap), supplemented with roasted-sprouted soybeans (ss), with and without additional (10%) malted sorghum flour (ms). biological evaluation was carried out on the formulations using 4-5 week old weanling albino rats, with cerelac (a commercial maize-milk weaning food) as the control diet. there were increases in growth rate of rats fed with both the test and control diets. there were no significant (p >0.05) differences between the t ... | 2001 | 11318505 |
| methanobacterium congolense sp. nov., from a methanogenic fermentation of cassava peel. | strain ct, a non-motile, mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic bacterium, was isolated from an anaerobic digester used for the treatment of raw cassava-peel waste in congo. the cells were rods, 0.4-0.5 x 2-10 microm in size, and stained gram-positive. hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only substrates that supported growth and methane production. methane production, but not growth, occurred with co2 in the presence of either 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol as hydrogen donors. the t ... | 2001 | 11321095 |
| dynamics of the microbial community responsible for traditional sour cassava starch fermentation studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative rrna hybridization. | the microbial community developing during the spontaneous fermentation of sour cassava starch was investigated by cultivation-independent methods. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of partially amplified 16s rdna followed by sequencing of the most intense bands showed that the dominant organisms were all lactic acid bacteria (lab), mainly close relatives of bifidobacterium minimum, lactococcus lactis, streptococcus sp., enterococcus saccharolyticus and lactobacillus plantarum., clos ... | 2001 | 11322700 |
| simultaneous analysis of the bidirectional african cassava mosaic virus promoter activity using two different luciferase genes. | the expression of geminivirus genes is controlled by bidirectional promoters which are located in the large intergenic region of the circular dna genomes and specifically regulated by virus encoded proteins. in order to study the simultaneous regulation of both orientations of the dna a and dna b promoters of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), they were cloned between two different luciferase genes with the firefly luciferase gene in complementary-sense and the renilla luciferase gene in virio ... | 2001 | 11324760 |
| [cloning, expression and preliminary application of a alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassave]. | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (me-hnls, e.c. 4.1.2.3.37) from the cyanogenic crop cassava(manihot esculentz, crantz) catalyze the condensation of hydrocyanic acid and aldehydes or ketone into (s)-cyanohydrins, which are valuable starting material for various optically active compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. the cdna of a me-hnl were obtained by rt-pcr and cloned. the sequencing result for the cdna showed that the sequence encoded for the me-hnl was inconsistent with all those w ... | 2001 | 11330194 |
| expression of the oligomerization domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus interferes with dna accumulation of heterologous geminiviruses. | the minimal dna binding domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus was determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift analysis and co-purification assays. dna binding activity maps to amino acids 1-160 (rep-(1-160)) of the rep protein and overlaps with the protein oligomerization domain. transient expression of rep protein (rep-(1-160)) was found to inhibit homologous viral dna accumulation by 70-86% in tobacco protoplasts and in nicotiana benthamian ... | 2001 | 11342533 |
| dietary factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in india as assessed by studies in rats. | the prevalence of duodenal ulcer is less in the northern wheat-eating regions of india and china than in the southern rice-eating areas. | 2001 | 11350544 |
| origin and environmental setting of ancient agriculture in the lowlands of mesoamerica. | archaeological research in the gulf coast of tabasco reveals the earliest record of maize cultivation in mexico. the first farmers settled along beach ridges and lagoons of the grijalva river delta. pollen from cultivated zea appears with evidence of forest clearing about 5100 calendar years b.c. (yr b.c.) [6200 (14)c years before the present (yr b.p.)]. large zea sp. pollen, typical of domesticated maize (zea mays), appears about 5000 calendar yr b.c. (6000 yr b.p.). a manihot sp. pollen grain ... | 2001 | 11359011 |
| microbial ecology of muffins baked from cassava and other nonwheat flours. | cassava flour was evaluated as a partial substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free muffins. four replicate test bakes were carried out to evaluate the microbial ecology of two muffin mixes, made with different combinations of cassava, soya, sorghum, sago, and potato flour. the muffins were baked at 180 degrees c for 25 min, stored at 30 degrees c and analysed microbiologically for up to 10 days post-baking. raw materials were similarly analysed microbiologically on the day of baking. characteriz ... | 2001 | 11368089 |
| characteristics and significance of yeasts' involvement in cassava fermentation for 'fufu' production. | six different strains of yeast, namely candida krusei, c. tropicalis, pichia saitoi, saccharomyces cerevisiae, p. anomala and zygosaccharomyces bailii were found present in cassava-fermenting water in the early part of the fermentation. the latter part of the fermentation was dominated in all cases by three strains of yeast namely c. krusei, c. tropicalis and z. bailii. all the yeast strains exhibited amylolytic capabilities while none was able to produce cellulase. all the strains except zygosa ... | 2001 | 11393690 |
| physiopathological effects of the administration of chronic cyanide to growing goats--a model for ingestion of cyanogenic plants. | ingestion of cyanogenic plants, such as cassava and sorghum, has been associated with goitre and tropical pancreatic diabetes in both humans and animals. thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the toxic effects on the thyroid and pancreas in growing goats of prolonged exposure to potassium cyanide (kcn). thirty-four male goats were divided into five groups dosed with kcn at 0 (control). 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg/kg daily for 5 months. blood samples were obtained in order to dete ... | 2001 | 11469509 |
| subcellular targeting of the coat protein of african cassava mosaic geminivirus. | the coat protein (cp) of geminiviruses is involved in a number of processes during the life cycle of the virus. the predominant function is encapsidation of single-stranded dna and formation of the virus particle to protect viral dna during transmission. the cp of monopartite geminiviruses is absolutely essential for virus movement, whereas cp mutants of bipartite geminiviruses are able to infect some host plants systemically, indicating an involvement of the cp in host specificity. during the l ... | 2001 | 11485405 |
| [social exchange and inference: an experimental study with the wason selection task]. | social contract theory (cosmides, 1989) posits that the human mind was equipped with inference faculty specialized for cheater detection. cosmides (1989) conducted a series of experiments employing the wason selection task to demonstrate that her social contract theory could account for the content effects reported in the literature. the purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that the results were due to experimental artifacts. in the current experiment, the subject was given t ... | 2001 | 11494657 |
| [use of diet containing yeast protein (saccharomyces cerevisiae): effects upon pregnancy, lactation and development in rats]. | the nutritive value of manioc flour (manihot esculenta) enriched with yeast protein (saccharomyces cerevisiae) added to a food mixture most frequently consumed by low-income populations was assessed in female wistar rats (n = 30; 100-120 days old). animals were divided into three groups, mated and had free access to diets and water. diets were as follows: beans, rice, yeast-enriched manioc flour (brymf17); beans, rice, manioc flour (brmf13); casein (17% protein) (cas17). body weight gains and fo ... | 2001 | 11515236 |
| effect of different cultivation conditions on lactobacillus manihotivorans ond32t, an amylolytic lactobacillus isolated from sour starch cassava fermentation. | study of the cassava sour starch fermentation has led to the isolation of a new homofermentative amylolytic lactic acid bacterium, lactobacillus manihotivorans ond32t, whose nutritional requirements have been investigated in this work. the main effect of deleting one of the substrate components of the mrs-starch medium was to reduce the amylase production. when starch fermentation with nitrogen as a gas phase was compared to fermentation under aerobic conditions, both growth and amylase producti ... | 2001 | 11518431 |
| starch digestion rate in the small intestine of broiler chickens differs among feedstuffs. | dietary starch is the major energy source for broiler chickens, and knowledge about its digestive behavior can be important. in a digestibility trial with 720 broiler chickens, site, rate and extent of starch digestion were measured for 12 feedstuffs. starch digestion was determined using the slaughter technique, which involves removal of the small intestine from the recently killed chicken, with manual collection of the contents. starch digestion coefficients were calculated from remaining star ... | 2001 | 11533275 |
| seroprevalences of vector-transmitted infections of small-holder dairy cattle in coastal kenya. | a cross-sectional study was carried out from july to september 1989 in kaloleni division, coast province, kenya to estimate the prevalence of vector-transmitted diseases in small-holder dairy cattle and to identify the risk factors associated with different management systems. one hundred and thirty of the 157 herds with dairy cattle in kaloleni division were surveyed. these were from three agro-ecological zones (coconut-cassava, cashew nut-cassava and livestock-millet), comprised two management ... | 2001 | 11566374 |
| a longitudinal study of disease incidence and case-fatality risks on small-holder dairy farms in coastal kenya. | a longitudinal study was carried out in the coastal lowlands coconut-cassava agro-ecological zone of kaloleni division, coast province, kenya between june 1990 and december 1991 to estimate disease incidence and cause-specific case-fatality risk in an average of 120 cattle in 26 small-holder dairy herds kept in two grazing-management systems. east coast fever (ecf) was the predominant disease diagnosed; the mean monthly incidence rate was 2.5 and 6.9% in animals < or = 18 months of age under sta ... | 2001 | 11566375 |
| identification of a target population for immunisation against east coast fever in coastal kenya. | two experiments were carried out to identify the target population of cattle for immunisation against east coast fever (ecf) using the infection-and-treatment method. firstly, a sentinel-calf study was used to determine the age window for ecf immunisation by determining ages at clinical detection of infection with theileria parva. six groups of five naive cross-bred (bos taurus/bos indicus) male calves, introduced at intervals of 2 months at a mean age of 26 days, were exposed to natural tick ch ... | 2001 | 11566376 |
| [discovery of phytopathogenic bacteria 100 years ago: transatlantic controversies and polemics]. | the demonstration of a bacterial cause of some plant diseases has been claimed few years after it was commonly recognized that bacteria were able to cause diseases of human and animal. nevertheless, some sharp controversies took place, between german and american specialists (1897-1901), before the existence of bacterial diseases of plants was accepted by all phytopathologists. nowadays, about 350 bacteria are described, which infect plants: they are pathovars, or subspecies, belonging to 21 gen ... | 2001 | 11570278 |
| enrichment of eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: effects of vitamin e supplementation. | eggs enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) could contribute to dietary intake of these healthful fatty acids (fa). because n-3 pufa are highly susceptible to peroxidation, a first part of the study with leghorn laying hens was carried out to investigate the influence of different levels of fish oil (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, or 5.6%, respectively) in the diet on n-3 pufa, cholesterol, vitamin e, and lipid peroxidation product contents in eggs. addition of fish oil to a complete diet based ... | 2001 | 11592735 |
| comparison of culture media, simplate, and petrifilm for enumeration of yeasts and molds in food. | the efficacy of three culture media, dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (drbc), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (dg18), and potato dextrose agar (pda) supplemented with two antibiotics, were compared with the simplate and petrifilm techniques for mold and yeast enumeration. the following foods were analyzed: corn meal, wheat flour, cassava flour, bread crumbs, whole meal, sliced bread, ground peanuts, mozzarella cheese, grated parmesan cheese, cheese rolls, orange juice, pineapple pulp, pineapple ... | 2001 | 11601710 |
| the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 and the spread of cassava cultivation on the lower niger: a study in historical linkages. | | 1981 | 11632223 |
| molecular evidence for diverse populations of cassava-infecting begomoviruses in southern africa. | in this paper we describe results obtained from screening field populations of begomoviruses from infected cassava from six countries in southern africa. it was found that african cassava mosaic virus occurs in five of the six countries (except angola), east african cassava mosaic virus is present in five countries (except zambia) and south african cassava mosaic virus was detected only in south africa and swaziland. in addition, we report for the first time in southern africa, the appearance of ... | 2001 | 11699964 |
| tropical plant pathology: at home and abroad. | i first describe my introduction to plant pathology and early experiences with employment, the environment, diseases, pests, and various plant pathologists. then i recount a decade of stimulating studies at the university of minnesota and the route i followed to a career in international agriculture with the rockefeller foundation in colombia and later at cornell university. my appreciation for and knowledge of traditional farmers and sustainable agriculture occurred as a slow awakening. comment ... | 2001 | 11701856 |
| differential esterase expression in leaves of manihot esculenta crantz infected with xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. | the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system (page) and inhibition tests for biochemical characterization of alpha- and beta-esterases were used to obtain a functional classification of esterases in plants and to show a differential expression of esterases as markers of pathogenesis in cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz). the characterization of alpha- and beta-esterases from leaves of m. esculenta by the page system was possible using an extraction solution containing two phenol-complexi ... | 2001 | 11758725 |
| effects of a nonforage diet on milk production, energy, and nitrogen metabolism in dairy goats throughout lactation. | the objective of the experiment was to compare a silage-based control diet (c) with a nonforage diet (nf) in dairy goats throughout lactation in terms of animal performance and energy utilization. eight saanen goats were divided into two groups and fed c or nf, a commercial blend that included sunflower meal, cassava, coconut meal, and whole cottonseeds as the main ingredients that was characterized by a small particle size and a high crude protein content. in early, mid, and late lactation (44, ... | 2001 | 11768086 |
| phytate from an alternative dietary supplement has no effect on the calcium, iron and zinc status in undernourished rats. | a mixture of cereal bran, eggshells and cassava leaf powder, known as multimixture (mm), has been widely used in developing countries as a dietary supplement to combat malnutrition in children. the introduction of phytate from cereal bran in infant diets has generated serious controversy about mm due to the mineral chelating effect of phytate. this paper reports on a study to investigate the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc in rats fed with a deficient diet supplemented with mm. underno ... | 2001 | 11791478 |
| new efficient amylase-producing strains of lactobacillus plantarum and l. fermentum isolated from different nigerian traditional fermented foods. | amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (alab) were isolated from nigerian traditional fermented foods (fufu, burukutu, ogi-baba and kunu-zakki) with the aim of selecting efficient amylase-producing strains. nine isolates were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic and taxo-molecular characteristics. three groups could be distinguished by their fermentation profiles and this was confirmed by dna restriction analysis. though fermentation profiles gave good identification of strain k9 (unique repr ... | 2002 | 11843413 |
| exopolysaccharide production from sclerotium glucanicum nrrl 3006 and botryosphaeria rhodina dabac-p82 on raw and hydrolysed starchy materials. | evaluation of fermentative usage of raw starchy materials for exopolysaccharide (eps) production by sclerotium glucanicum nrrl 3006 and botryosphaeria rhodina dabac-p82. | 2002 | 11849493 |
| [an epidemiological study on the risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in zhanjiang, guangdong province]. | to assess the risk factors in the pathogenicity of irritable bouel syndrome(ibs) in zhanjiang city. | 2001 | 11851063 |
| characterisation of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus and indian cassava mosaic virus: evidence for acquisition of a dna b component by a monopartite begomovirus. | two bipartite begomoviruses, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv), have been isolated from mosaic-diseased cassava originating from central india and sri lanka, respectively. icmv was transmitted with low efficiency from cassava to nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation to give leaf curl symptoms. slcmv was much more virulent in this host, producing severe stunting, leaf curl, and chlorosis. these symptoms were reproduced when their cloned genomic comp ... | 2002 | 11853400 |
| progress in breeding for trace minerals in staple crops. | staples are not considered an important source of minerals in the diet. however, because of high staple consumption, any increase in mineral concentration might well have a significant effect on human nutrition and health. the nutritional quality of staple crops (rice, cassava, wheat, maize and beans) can be improved by breeding. studies have shown the potential to exploit the genetic variation in seed concentration of iron and other minerals without the general negative effect on yield of addin ... | 2002 | 11880579 |
| mutation of three cysteine residues in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china c2 protein causes dysfunction in pathogenesis and posttranscriptional gene-silencing suppression. | the nuclear localized c2 protein of the monopartite begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china (tylcv-c) contributes to viral pathogenicity. here, we have investigated tylcv-c c2 protein domains that play a role in the phenotype. alignment of the c2 protein with 67 homologues from monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses revealed that a putative zinc-finger motif c36-x1-c38-x7-c46-x6-h53-x4-h58c59 and four potential phosphorylation sites (t52, s61, y68, and s74) are highly conserved. when ex ... | 2002 | 11952122 |
| cassava starch maltodextrinization/monomerization through thermopressurized aqueous phosphoric acid hydrolysis. | kinetic conditions were established for the depolymerization of cassava starch for the production of maltodextrins and glucose syrups. thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses corroborated that the proper h3po4 strength and thermopressurization range (e.g., 142-170 degrees c; 2.8-6.8 atm) can be successfully explored for such hydrolytic purposes of native starch granules. because phosphoric acid can be advantageously maintained in the hydrolysate and generate ... | 2001 | 11963875 |