| the dynamic loss and gain of introns during the evolution of the brassicaceae. | sequence comparison allows the detailed analysis of evolution at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, but much less information is known about the structural evolution of genes, i.e. how the number, length and distribution of introns change over time. we constructed a parsimonious model for the evolutionary rate of intron loss (il) and intron gain (ig) within the brassicaceae and found that il/ig has been highly dynamic, with substantial differences between and even within lineages. the diverge ... | 2015 | 25899207 |
| ectopic expression of a phytochrome b gene from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) in arabidopsis thaliana promotes seedling de-etiolation, dwarfing in mature plants, and delayed flowering. | phytochrome b (phyb) is an essential red light receptor that predominantly mediates seedling de-etiolation, shade-avoidance response, and flowering time. in this study, we isolate a full-length cdna of phyb, designated brphyb, from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), and we find that brphyb protein has high amino acid sequence similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship to arabidopsis thaliana phyb (i.e., atphyb). quantitative reverse transcription (rt)-pcr results indic ... | 2015 | 25724426 |
| duplicate gene divergence by changes in microrna binding sites in arabidopsis and brassica. | gene duplication provides large numbers of new genes that can lead to the evolution of new functions. duplicated genes can diverge by changes in sequences, expression patterns, and functions. micrornas play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in many eukaryotes. after duplication, two paralogs may diverge in their microrna binding sites, which might impact their expression and function. little is known about conservation and divergence of microrna binding sites in duplicated g ... | 2015 | 25644246 |
| extensive amplification of the e2f transcription factor binding sites by transposons during evolution of brassica species. | transposable elements (tes) are major players in genome evolution. the effects of their movement vary from gene knockouts to more subtle effects such as changes in gene expression. it has recently been shown that tes may contain transcription factor binding sites (tfbss), and it has been proposed that they may rewire new genes into existing transcriptional networks. however, little is known about the dynamics of this process and its effect on transcription factor binding. here we show that tes h ... | 2014 | 24447172 |
| selection on soil microbiomes reveals reproducible impacts on plant function. | soil microorganisms found in the root zone impact plant growth and development, but the potential to harness these benefits is hampered by the sheer abundance and diversity of the players influencing desirable plant traits. here, we report a high level of reproducibility of soil microbiomes in altering plant flowering time and soil functions when partnered within and between plant hosts. we used a multi-generation experimental system using arabidopsis thaliana col to select for soil microbiomes ... | 2015 | 25350154 |
| genome-wide analysis of the expansin gene superfamily reveals brassica rapa-specific evolutionary dynamics upon whole genome triplication. | chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) is an economically important vegetable that has encountered four rounds of polyploidization. the fourth event, whole genome triplication (wgt), occurred after its divergence from arabidopsis. expansins (exps) are cell wall loosening proteins that participate in cell wall modification processes. in this study, the impacts of wgt on the b. rapa expansin (brexp) superfamily were evaluated. whole genome screening of b. rapa identified 32 loci coding ... | 2015 | 25325993 |
| anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in brassica rapa. | anthocyanins are a group of flavonoid compounds. as a group of important secondary metabolites, they perform several key biological functions in plants. anthocyanins also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against cancer and heart disease. to elucidate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in brassica rapa, we conducted comparative genomic analyses between arabidopsis thaliana and b. rapa on a genome-wide level. | 2014 | 24893600 |
| qtl analysis using snp markers developed by next-generation sequencing for identification of candidate genes controlling 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate contents in roots of radish, raphanus sativus l. | snp markers for qtl analysis of 4-mtb-gsl contents in radish roots were developed by determining nucleotide sequences of bulked pcr products using a next-generation sequencer. dna fragments were amplified from two radish lines by multiplex pcr with six primer pairs, and those amplified by 2,880 primer pairs were mixed and sequenced. by assembling sequence data, 1,953 snps in 750 dna fragments, 437 of which have been previously mapped in a linkage map, were identified. a linkage map of nine linka ... | 2013 | 23308250 |
| consequences of whole-genome triplication as revealed by comparative genomic analyses of the wild radish raphanus raphanistrum and three other brassicaceae species. | polyploidization events are frequent among flowering plants, and the duplicate genes produced via such events contribute significantly to plant evolution. we sequenced the genome of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum), a brassicaceae species that experienced a whole-genome triplication event prior to diverging from brassica rapa. despite substantial gene gains in these two species compared with arabidopsis thaliana and arabidopsis lyrata, ∼70% of the orthologous groups experienced gene losses in ... | 2014 | 24876251 |
| the impact of genome triplication on tandem gene evolution in brassica rapa. | whole genome duplication (wgd) and tandem duplication (td) are both important modes of gene expansion. however, how wgd influences tandemly duplicated genes is not well studied. we used brassica rapa, which has undergone an additional genome triplication (wgt) and shares a common ancestor with arabidopsis thaliana, arabidopsis lyrata, and thellungiella parvula, to investigate the impact of genome triplication on tandem gene evolution. we identified 2,137, 1,569, 1,751, and 1,135 tandem gene arra ... | 2012 | 23226149 |
| genome-wide comparative analysis of 20 miniature inverted-repeat transposable element families in brassica rapa and b. oleracea. | miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are ubiquitous, non-autonomous class ii transposable elements. here, we conducted genome-wide comparative analysis of 20 mite families in b. rapa, b. oleracea, and arabidopsis thaliana. a total of 5894 and 6026 mite members belonging to the 20 families were found in the whole genome pseudo-chromosome sequences of b. rapa and b. oleracea, respectively. meanwhile, only four of the 20 families, comprising 573 members, were identified in the ar ... | 2014 | 24747717 |
| tetralocular ovary and high silique width in yellow sarson lines of brassica rapa (subspecies trilocularis) are due to a mutation in bra034340 gene, a homologue of clavata3 in arabidopsis. | genetic locus for tetralocular ovary (tet-o) in brassica rapa was identified and it was shown that the number of locules and width of silique are associated. brassica rapa is a highly polymorphic species containing many vegetables and oleiferous types. an interesting group of oleiferous types is the yellow sarson group (subspecies trilocularis) grown mostly in eastern india. this group contains lines that have bilocular ovaries, a defining trait of brassicaceae, but also lines that have tetraloc ... | 2014 | 25205130 |
| the brassica napus blackleg resistance gene lepr3 encodes a receptor-like protein triggered by the leptosphaeria maculans effector avrlm1. | lepr3, found in the brassica napus cv 'surpass 400', provides race-specific resistance to the fungal pathogen leptosphaeria maculans, which was overcome after great devastation in australia in 2004. we investigated the lepr3 locus to identify the genetic basis of this resistance interaction. we employed a map-based cloning strategy, exploiting collinearity with the arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa genomes to enrich the map and locate a candidate gene. we also investigated the interaction o ... | 2013 | 23206118 |
| deep rna-seq to unlock the gene bank of floral development in sinapis arvensis. | sinapis arvensis is a weed with strong biological activity. despite being a problematic annual weed that contaminates agricultural crop yield, it is a valuable alien germplasm resource. it can be utilized for broadening the genetic background of brassica crops with desirable agricultural traits like resistance to blackleg (leptosphaeria maculans), stem rot (sclerotinia sclerotium) and pod shatter (caused by fruitfull gene). however, few genetic studies of s. arvensis were reported because of the ... | 2014 | 25192023 |
| genetic dissection of leaf development in brassica rapa using a genetical genomics approach. | the paleohexaploid crop brassica rapa harbors an enormous reservoir of morphological variation, encompassing leafy vegetables, vegetable and fodder turnips (brassica rapa, ssp. campestris), and oil crops, with different crops having very different leaf morphologies. in the triplicated b. rapa genome, many genes have multiple paralogs that may be regulated differentially and contribute to phenotypic variation. using a genetical genomics approach, phenotypic data from a segregating doubled haploid ... | 2014 | 24394778 |
| genetical and comparative genomics of brassica under altered ca supply identifies arabidopsis ca-transporter orthologs. | although ca transport in plants is highly complex, the overexpression of vacuolar ca(2+) transporters in crops is a promising new technology to improve dietary ca supplies through biofortification. here, we sought to identify novel targets for increasing plant ca accumulation using genetical and comparative genomics. expression quantitative trait locus (eqtl) mapping to 1895 cis- and 8015 trans-loci were identified in shoots of an inbred mapping population of brassica rapa (imb211 × r500); 23 ci ... | 2014 | 25082855 |
| expression profiling reveals functionally redundant multiple-copy genes related to zinc, iron and cadmium responses in brassica rapa. | genes underlying environmental adaptability tend to be over-retained in polyploid plant species. zinc deficiency (znd) and iron deficiency (fed), excess zn (zne) and cadmium exposure (cde) are major environmental problems for crop cultivation, but little is known about the differential expression of duplicated genes upon these stress conditions. applying tag-seq technology to leaves of brassica rapa grown under fed, znd, zne or cde conditions, with normal conditions as a control, we examined glo ... | 2014 | 24738937 |
| beyond genomic variation--comparison and functional annotation of three brassica rapa genomes: a turnip, a rapid cycling and a chinese cabbage. | brassica rapa is an economically important crop species. during its long breeding history, a large number of morphotypes have been generated, including leafy vegetables such as chinese cabbage and pakchoi, turnip tuber crops and oil crops. | 2014 | 24684742 |
| nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter sweet9. | angiosperms developed floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects. although nectar function and composition have been characterized, the mechanism of nectar secretion has remained unclear. here we identify sweet9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: arabidopsis thaliana, brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). we show that sweet9 is essential for nectar production and can function as an efflux transporter. we also s ... | 2014 | 24670640 |
| genes associated with agronomic traits in non-heading chinese cabbage identified by expression profiling. | the genomes of non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis), heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) and their close relative arabidopsis thaliana have provided important resources for studying the evolution and genetic improvement of cruciferous plants. natural growing conditions present these plants with a variety of physiological challenges for which they have a repertoire of genes that ensure adaptability and normal growth. we investigated the differential expre ... | 2014 | 24655567 |
| loss/retention and evolution of nbs-encoding genes upon whole genome triplication of brassica rapa. | a genome triplication took place in the ancestor of brassiceae species after the split of the arabidopsis lineage. the postfragmentation and shuffling of the genome turned the ancestral hexaploid back to diploids and caused the radiation of brassiceae species. the course of speciation was accompanied by the loss of duplicate genes and also influenced the evolution of retained genes. of all the genes, those encoding nbs domains are typical r genes that confer resistance to invading pathogens. in ... | 2014 | 24576745 |
| genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolution and expression patterns of ap2/erf genes and cytokinin response factors in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. | the ap2/erf transcription factor family is one of the largest families involved in growth and development, hormone responses, and biotic or abiotic stress responses in plants. in this study, 281 ap2/erf transcription factor unigenes were identified in chinese cabbage. these superfamily members were classified into three families (ap2, erf, and rav). the erf family was subdivided into the dreb subfamily and the erf subfamily with 13 groups (i- xi) based on sequence similarity. duplication, evolut ... | 2013 | 24386201 |
| cell type-specific transcriptome of brassicaceae stigmatic papilla cells from a combination of laser microdissection and rna sequencing. | pollination is an early and critical step in plant reproduction, leading to successful fertilization. it consists of many sequential processes, including adhesion of pollen grains onto the surface of stigmatic papilla cells, foot formation to strengthen pollen-stigma interaction, pollen hydration and germination, and pollen tube elongation and penetration. we have focused on an examination of the expressed genes in papilla cells, to increase understanding of the molecular systems of pollination. ... | 2013 | 24058146 |
| disarming the jasmonate-dependent plant defense makes nonhost arabidopsis plants accessible to the american serpentine leafminer. | here, we analyzed the interaction between arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and the american serpentine leafminer (liriomyza trifolii), an important and intractable herbivore of many cultivated plants. we examined the role of the immunity-related plant hormone jasmonate (ja) in the plant response and resistance to leafminer feeding to determine whether ja affects host suitability for leafminers. the expression of marker genes for the ja-dependent plant defense was induced by leafminer feeding o ... | 2013 | 24022267 |
| divergent evolutionary and expression patterns between lineage specific new duplicate genes and their parental paralogs in arabidopsis thaliana. | gene duplication is an important mechanism for the origination of functional novelties in organisms. we performed a comparative genome analysis to systematically estimate recent lineage specific gene duplication events in arabidopsis thaliana and further investigate whether and how these new duplicate genes (ndgs) play a functional role in the evolution and adaption of a. thaliana. we accomplished this using syntenic relationship among four closely related species, a. thaliana, a. lyrata, capsel ... | 2013 | 24009676 |
| transcriptome analysis of newly classified bzip transcription factors of brassica rapa in cold stress response. | plant bzip transcription factors play crucial roles in biological processes. in this study, 136 putative bzip transcription members were identified in brassica rapa. the bzip family can be divided into nine groups according to the specific amino acid rich domain in b. rapa and arabidopsis thaliana. to screen the cold stress responsive brbzip genes, we evaluated whether the transcription patterns of the brbzip genes were enhanced by cold treatment in the inbred lines, chiifu and kenshin, by micro ... | 2014 | 25075938 |
| functional innovations of three chronological mesohexaploid brassica rapa genomes. | the brassicaceae family is an exemplary model for studying plant polyploidy. the brassicaceae knowledge-base includes the well-annotated arabidopsis thaliana reference sequence; well-established evidence for three rounds of whole genome duplication (wgd); and the conservation of genomic structure, with 24 conserved genomic blocks (gbs). the recently released brassica rapa draft genome provides an ideal opportunity to update our knowledge of the conserved genomic structures in brassica, and to st ... | 2014 | 25033750 |
| molecular interactions of the phytotoxins destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with crucifers and cereals: metabolism and elicitation of plant defenses. | destruxin b and sirodesmin pl are phytotoxins produced by the phytopathogenic fungi alternaria brassicae (berk.) sacc. and leptosphaeria maculans (asexual stage phoma lingam), respectively. the molecular interaction of destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with cruciferous and cereal species was investigated using hplc-esi-ms(n). it was determined that crucifers transformed destruxin b to hydroxydestruxin b, but sirodesmin pl was not transformed. overall, the results suggest that the five cruciferous sp ... | 2012 | 22414311 |
| the splicing fate of plant spo11 genes. | toward the global understanding of plant meiosis, it seems to be essential to decipher why all as yet sequenced plants need or at least encode for two different meiotic spo11 genes. this is in contrast to mammals and fungi, where only one spo11 is present. both spo11 in arabidopsis thaliana are essential for the initiation of double strand breaks (dsbs) during the meiotic prophase. in nearly all eukaryotic organisms dsb induction during prophase i by spo11 leads to meiotic dsb repair, thereby en ... | 2014 | 25018755 |
| [identification and nucleotide polymorphisms in brassica rapa genes coding cold shock domain proteins (csdp)]. | full-length brcsdp2 and brcsdp4 cold shock gene sequences of brassica rapa are obtained. it is shown that the isolated genes belong to a group atcsp2/atcsp4 of arabidopsis thaliana and tscsdp2/tscsdp4 of thellungiella salsuginea genes encoding proteins with a cold shock domain (csd) and two zinc finger motives. the structure and the allelic variants of these genes are described and characterized. it is shown that the identified allelic polymorphism is due to both of point substitutions and small ... | 2013 | 23705499 |
| the fate of arabidopsis thaliana homeologous cnss and their motifs in the paleohexaploid brassica rapa. | following polyploidy, duplicate genes are often deleted, and if they are not, then duplicate regulatory regions are sometimes lost. by what mechanism is this loss and what is the chance that such a loss removes function? to explore these questions, we followed individual arabidopsis thaliana-a. thaliana conserved noncoding sequences (cnss) into the brassica ancestor, through a paleohexaploidy and into brassica rapa. thus, a single brassicaceae cns has six potential orthologous positions in b. ra ... | 2013 | 23493633 |
| evolution of the onsen retrotransposon family activated upon heat stress in brassicaceae. | a ty1/copia-like retrotransposon, onsen, is activated by heat stress in arabidopsis thaliana, and its de novo integrations that were observed preferentially within genes implies its regulation of neighboring genes. here we show that onsen related copies were found in most species of brassicaceae, forming a cluster with each species in phylogenetic tree. most copies were localized close to genes in arabidopsis lyrata and brassica rapa, suggesting conserved integration specificity of onsen family ... | 2013 | 23370337 |
| inferring the brassica rapa interactome using protein-protein interaction data from arabidopsis thaliana. | following successful completion of the brassica rapa sequencing project, the next step is to investigate functions of individual genes/proteins. for arabidopsis thaliana, large amounts of protein-protein interaction (ppi) data are available from the major ppi databases (dbs). it is known that brassica crop species are closely related to a. thaliana. this provides an opportunity to infer the b. rapa interactome using ppi data available from a. thaliana. in this paper, we present an inferred b. ra ... | 2012 | 23293649 |
| retention of triplicated phytoene synthase (psy) genes in brassica napus l. and its diploid progenitors during the evolution of the brassiceae. | the extent of genome redundancy exhibited by brassica species provides a model to study the evolutionary fate of multi-copy genes and the effects of polyploidy in economically important crops. phytoene synthase (psy) catalyzes the first committed reaction of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which has been shown to be rate-limiting in brassica napus seeds. in arabidopsis thaliana, a single psy gene (atpsy) regulates phytoene synthesis in all tissues. considering that diploid brassica genomes ... | 2012 | 22241480 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping in brassica rapa revealed the structural and functional conservation of genetic loci governing morphological and yield component traits in the a, b, and c subgenomes of brassica species. | brassica rapa is an important crop species that produces vegetables, oilseed, and fodder. although many studies reported quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping, the genes governing most of its economically important traits are still unknown. in this study, we report qtl mapping for morphological and yield component traits in b. rapa and comparative map alignment between b. rapa, b. napus, b. juncea, and arabidopsis thaliana to identify candidate genes and conserved qtl blocks between them. a tota ... | 2013 | 23223793 |
| the putative phytocyanin genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.): genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis. | phytocyanins (pcs) are a plant-specific family of small copper-containing electron transfer proteins. pcs may bind with a single copper atom to function as electron transporters in various biological systems, such as copper trafficking and plant photosynthesis. evidence indicates that pcs may also be involved in plant developmental processes and stress responses. many pcs possess arabinogalactan protein-like regions and are therefore termed chimeric arabinogalactan proteins (cagps). previously, ... | 2013 | 23212439 |
| identification and profiling of novel micrornas in the brassica rapa genome based on small rna deep sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) are one of the functional non-coding small rnas involved in the epigenetic control of the plant genome. although plants contain both evolutionary conserved mirnas and species-specific mirnas within their genomes, computational methods often only identify evolutionary conserved mirnas. the recent sequencing of the brassica rapa genome enables us to identify mirnas and their putative target genes. in this study, we sought to provide a more comprehensive prediction of b. rapa mir ... | 2012 | 23163954 |
| dissecting the genome of the polyploid crop oilseed rape by transcriptome sequencing. | polyploidy complicates genomics-based breeding of many crops, including wheat, potato, cotton, oat and sugarcane. to address this challenge, we sequenced leaf transcriptomes across a mapping population of the polyploid crop oilseed rape (brassica napus) and representative ancestors of the parents of the population. analysis of sequence variation and transcript abundance enabled us to construct twin single nucleotide polymorphism linkage maps of b. napus, comprising 23,037 markers. we used these ... | 2011 | 21804563 |
| sequencing of chloroplast genome using whole cellular dna and solexa sequencing technology. | sequencing of the chloroplast (cp) genome using traditional sequencing methods has been difficult because of its size (>120 kb) and the complicated procedures required to prepare templates. to explore the feasibility of sequencing the cp genome using dna extracted from whole cells and solexa sequencing technology, we sequenced whole cellular dna isolated from leaves of three brassicarapa accessions with one lane per accession. in total, 246, 362, and 361 mb sequence data were generated for the t ... | 2012 | 23162558 |
| genome-wide characterization of the cbf/dreb1 gene family in brassica rapa. | the c-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (cbf/drebs) are important proteins in involved in responses to abiotic stress in plants. we identified ten brdreb1 genes belonging to the cbf/dreb1 gene family in the brassica rapa whole genome sequence, whereas six genes are found in the arabidopsis thaliana genome. the deduced amino acid sequences of the b. rapa genes showed conserved motifs shared with other known plant cbf/dreb1s. comparative analysis revealed that nin ... | 2012 | 23148914 |
| microstructure of a brassica rapa genome segment homoeologous to the resistance gene cluster on arabidopsis chromosome 4. | genome evolution is a continuous process and genomic rearrangement occurs both within and between species. with the sequencing of the arabidopsis thaliana genome, comparative genetics and genomics offer new insights into plant biology. the genus brassica offers excellent opportunities with which to compare genomic synteny so as to reveal genome evolution. during a previous genetic analysis of clubroot resistance in brassica rapa, we identified a genetic region that is highly collinear with arabi ... | 2012 | 23136528 |
| genetic analysis of interspecific incompatibility in brassica rapa. | in interspecific pollination of brassica rapa stigmas with brassica oleracea pollen grains, pollen tubes cannot penetrate stigma tissues. this trait, called interspecific incompatibility, is similar to self-incompatibility in pollen tube behaviors of rejected pollen grains. since some b. rapa lines have no interspecific incompatibility, genetic analysis of interspecific incompatibility was performed using two f(2) populations. analysis with an f(2) population between an interspecific-incompatibl ... | 2010 | 20414635 |
| phenophyte: a flexible affordable method to quantify 2d phenotypes from imagery. | | 2012 | 23131141 |
| genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.). | fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ... | 2012 | 23053954 |
| a large insertion in bhlh transcription factor brtt8 resulting in yellow seed coat in brassica rapa. | yellow seed is a desirable quality trait of the brassica oilseed species. previously, several seed coat color genes have been mapped in the brassica species, but the molecular mechanism is still unknown. in the present investigation, map-based cloning method was used to identify a seed coat color gene, located on a9 in b. rapa. blast analysis with the arabidopsis genome showed that there were 22 arabidopsis genes in this region including at4g09820 to at4g10620. functional complementation test ex ... | 2012 | 22984469 |
| identification and characterization of orthologs of atnhx5 and atnhx6 in brassica napus. | improving crop species by breeding for salt tolerance or introducing salt tolerant traits is one method of increasing crop yields in saline affected areas. extensive studies of the model plant species arabidopsis thaliana has led to the availability of substantial information regarding the function and importance of many genes involved in salt tolerance. however, the identification and characterization of a. thaliana orthologs in species such as brassica napus (oilseed rape) can prove difficult ... | 2012 | 22973287 |
| syntenic gene analysis between brassica rapa and other brassicaceae species. | chromosomal synteny analysis is important in genome comparison to reveal genomic evolution of related species. shared synteny describes genomic fragments from different species that originated from an identical ancestor. syntenic genes are orthologs located in these syntenic fragments, so they often share similar functions. syntenic gene analysis is very important in brassicaceae species to share gene annotations and investigate genome evolution. here we designed and developed a direct and effic ... | 2012 | 22969786 |
| auxin response factor gene family in brassica rapa: genomic organization, divergence, expression, and evolution. | completion of the sequencing of the brassica rapa genome enabled us to undertake a genome-wide identification and functional study of the gene families related to the morphological diversity and agronomic traits of brassica crops. in this study, we identified the auxin response factor (arf) gene family, which is one of the key regulators of auxin-mediated plant growth and development in the b. rapa genome. a total of 31 arf genes were identified in the genome. phylogenetic and evolutionary analy ... | 2012 | 22915303 |
| unleashing the genome of brassica rapa. | the completion and release of the brassica rapa genome is of great benefit to researchers of the brassicas, arabidopsis, and genome evolution. while its lineage is closely related to the model organism arabidopsis thaliana, the brassicas experienced a whole genome triplication subsequent to their divergence. this event contemporaneously created three copies of its ancestral genome, which had diploidized through the process of homeologous gene loss known as fractionation. by the fractionation of ... | 2012 | 22866056 |
| identification, expression, and comparative genomic analysis of the ipt and ckx gene families in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | cytokinins (cks) have significant roles in various aspects of plant growth and development, and they are also involved in plant stress adaptations. the fine-tuning of the controlled ck levels in individual tissues, cells, and organelles is properly maintained by isopentenyl transferases (ipts) and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (ckxs). chinese cabbage is one of the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. the whole genome sequencing of brassica rapa enables us to perform the geno ... | 2013 | 24001366 |
| genome-wide analysis of the ap2/erf transcription factor superfamily in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is a member of one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide, which has experienced thousands of years in cultivation and artificial selection. the entire chinese cabbage genome sequence, and more than forty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. the genome has undergone triplication events since its divergence from arabidopsis thaliana (13 to 17 mya), however a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure re ... | 2013 | 23972083 |
| quantification of alternaria brassicicola infection in the arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. | black spot caused by alternaria brassicicola is an important fungal disease affecting cruciferous crops, including korean cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). the interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and alt. brassicicola is a representative model system, and objective estimation of disease progression is indispensable for accurate functional analyses. five strains caused black spot symptom progression on korean cabbage and ara. thaliana ecotype col-0. in particular, challenge with the ... | 2013 | 23842466 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant metabolites in brassicaceae. | the brassicaceae family comprises a variety of plant species that are of high economic importance as -vegetables or industrial crops. this includes crops such as brassica rapa (turnip, bok choi), b. oleracea (cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), and b. napus (oil seed rape), and also includes the famous genetic model of plant research, arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). brassicaceae plants contain a large variety of interesting secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic ... | 2012 | 22351174 |
| comparative analysis between homoeologous genome segments of brassica napus and its progenitor species reveals extensive sequence-level divergence. | homoeologous regions of brassica genomes were analyzed at the sequence level. these represent segments of the brassica a genome as found in brassica rapa and brassica napus and the corresponding segments of the brassica c genome as found in brassica oleracea and b. napus. analysis of synonymous base substitution rates within modeled genes revealed a relatively broad range of times (0.12 to 1.37 million years ago) since the divergence of orthologous genome segments as represented in b. napus and ... | 2009 | 19602626 |
| birth, death and subfunctionalization in the arabidopsis genome. | arabidopsis thaliana is now a model system, not just for plant biology but also for comparative genomics. the completion of the sequences of two closely related species, arabidopsis lyrata and brassica rapa, is complemented by genomic comparisons among a. thaliana accessions and mutation accumulation lines. together these genomic data document the birth of new genes via gene duplication, transposon exaptation and de novo formation of new genes from noncoding sequence. most novel loci exhibit low ... | 2012 | 22326563 |
| mapping of bnms4 and bnrf to a common microsyntenic region of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3 using intron polymorphism markers. | a recessive epistatic genic male sterile two-type line, 7365ab (bnms3ms3ms4msrrfrf/bnms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf), combined with the fertile interim-maintainer 7365c (bnms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf) is an effective pollination control system in hybrid rapeseed production. we report an effective strategy used to fine map bnms4 and bnrf. the two genes were both defined to a common microsyntenic region with arabidopsis chromosome 3 using intron polymorphism (ip) markers developed according to arabidopsis genome informati ... | 2012 | 22246313 |
| phylogenetic analysis and classification of the brassica rapa set-domain protein family. | the set (su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax) domain is an evolutionarily conserved sequence of approximately 130-150 amino acids, and constitutes the catalytic site of lysine methyltransferases (kmts). kmts perform many crucial biological functions via histone methylation of chromatin. histone methylation marks are interpreted differently depending on the histone type (i.e. h3 or h4), the lysine position (e.g. h3k4, h3k9, h3k27, h3k36 or h4k20) and the number of added methyl groups (i.e. m ... | 2011 | 22168908 |
| identification of conserved and novel micrornas that are responsive to heat stress in brassica rapa. | the species brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. some micrornas (mirnas) in arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. however, it remains unknown whether or what mirnas play a role in heat resistance of b. rapa. to identify genomewide conserved and novel mirnas that are responsive to heat stress in b. rapa, we defined temperature thresholds of non-heading chine ... | 2012 | 22025521 |
| the genome of the mesopolyploid crop species brassica rapa. | we report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of brassica rapa accession chiifu-401-42, a chinese cabbage. we modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the b. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. we used arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. the extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistent ... | 2011 | 21873998 |
| genetic architecture of the circadian clock and flowering time in brassica rapa. | the circadian clock serves to coordinate physiology and behavior with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. in plants, circadian rhythms contribute to growth and yield and, hence, to both agricultural productivity and evolutionary fitness. arabidopsis thaliana has served as a tractable model species in which to dissect clock mechanism and function, but it now becomes important to define the extent to which the arabidopsis model can be extrapolated to other species, inc ... | 2011 | 21505830 |
| sequence and structure of brassica rapa chromosome a3. | the species brassica rapa includes important vegetable and oil crops. it also serves as an excellent model system to study polyploidy-related genome evolution because of its paleohexaploid ancestry and its close evolutionary relationships with arabidopsis thaliana and other brassica species with larger genomes. therefore, its genome sequence will be used to accelerate both basic research on genome evolution and applied research across the cultivated brassica species. | 2010 | 20875114 |
| a brassica exon array for whole-transcript gene expression profiling. | affymetrix genechip® arrays are used widely to study transcriptional changes in response to developmental and environmental stimuli. genechip® arrays comprise multiple 25-mer oligonucleotide probes per gene and retain certain advantages over direct sequencing. for plants, there are several public genechip® arrays whose probes are localised primarily in 3' exons. plant whole-transcript (wt) genechip® arrays are not yet publicly available, although wt resolution is needed to study complex crop gen ... | 2010 | 20862292 |
| robust circadian rhythms of gene expression in brassica rapa tissue culture. | circadian clocks provide temporal coordination by synchronizing internal biological processes with daily environmental cycles. to date, study of the plant circadian clock has emphasized arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) as a model, but it is important to determine the extent to which this model applies in other species. accordingly, we have investigated circadian clock function in brassica rapa. in arabidopsis, analysis of gene expression in transgenic plants in which luciferase activity is exp ... | 2010 | 20406912 |
| a rich tilling resource for studying gene function in brassica rapa. | the brassicaceae family includes the model plant arabidopsis thaliana as well as a number of agronomically important species such as oilseed crops (in particular brassica napus, b. juncea and b. rapa) and vegetables (eg. b. rapa and b. oleracea). separated by only 10-20 million years, brassica species and arabidopsis thaliana are closely related, and it is expected that knowledge obtained relating to arabidopsis growth and development can be translated into brassicas for crop improvement. moreov ... | 2010 | 20380715 |
| identification of differential gene expression in brassica rapa nectaries through expressed sequence tag analysis. | nectaries are the floral organs responsible for the synthesis and secretion of nectar. despite their central roles in pollination biology, very little is understood about the molecular mechanisms underlying nectar production. this project was undertaken to identify genes potentially involved in mediating nectary form and function in brassica rapa. | 2010 | 20098697 |
| overexpression of brassica rapa shi-related sequence genes suppresses growth and development in arabidopsis thaliana. | s hi-r elated sequence (srs) genes are plant-specific transcription factors containing a zinc-binding ring finger motif, which play a critical role in plant growth and development. we have characterized six srs genes in brassica rapa. overexpression of the srss brsty1, brsrs7, and brlrp1 induced dwarf and compact plants, and significantly decreased primary root elongation and lateral root formation. additionally, the transgenic plants had upward-curled leaves of narrow widths and with short peti ... | 2012 | 22798043 |
| preferential retention of circadian clock genes during diploidization following whole genome triplication in brassica rapa. | much has been learned about the architecture and function of the circadian clock of arabidopsis thaliana, a model for plant circadian rhythms. circadian rhythms contribute to evolutionary fitness, suggesting that circadian rhythmicity may also contribute to agricultural productivity. therefore, we extend our study of the plant circadian clock to brassica rapa, an agricultural crop. since its separation from arabidopsis, b. rapa has undergone whole genome triplication and subsequent diploidizatio ... | 2012 | 22685167 |
| sequence-level analysis of the diploidization process in the triplicated flowering locus c region of brassica rapa. | strong evidence exists for polyploidy having occurred during the evolution of the tribe brassiceae. we show evidence for the dynamic and ongoing diploidization process by comparative analysis of the sequences of four paralogous brassica rapa bac clones and the homologous 124-kb segment of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. we estimated the times since divergence of the paralogous and homologous lineages. the three paralogous subgenomes of b. rapa triplicated 13 to 17 million years ago (mya), ver ... | 2006 | 16632644 |
| comparative mapping, genomic structure, and expression analysis of eight pseudo-response regulator genes in brassica rapa. | circadian clocks regulate plant growth and development in response to environmental factors. in this function, clocks influence the adaptation of species to changes in location or climate. circadian-clock genes have been subject of intense study in models such as arabidopsis thaliana but the results may not necessarily reflect clock functions in species with polyploid genomes, such as brassica species, that include multiple copies of clock-related genes. the triplicate genome of brassica rapa re ... | 2012 | 22466714 |
| synteny-based mapping-by-sequencing enabled by targeted enrichment. | mapping-by-sequencing, as implemented in shoremap ('shoremapping'), is greatly accelerating the identification of causal mutations. the original shoremap approach based on resequencing of bulked segregants required a highly accurate and complete reference sequence. however, current whole-genome or transcriptome assemblies from next-generation sequencing data of non-model organisms do not produce chromosome-length scaffolds. we have therefore developed a method that exploits synteny with a relate ... | 2012 | 22409706 |
| distribution of calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg) in the leaves of brassica rapa under varying exogenous ca and mg supply. | leafy vegetable brassica crops are an important source of dietary calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg) and represent potential targets for increasing leaf ca and mg concentrations through agronomy or breeding. although the internal distribution of ca and mg within leaves affects the accumulation of these elements, such data are not available for brassica. the aim of this study was to characterize the internal distribution of ca and mg in the leaves of a vegetable brassica and to determine the effects ... | 2012 | 22362665 |
| a newly-developed community microarray resource for transcriptome profiling in brassica species enables the confirmation of brassica-specific expressed sequences. | the brassica species include an important group of crops and provide opportunities for studying the evolutionary consequences of polyploidy. they are related to arabidopsis thaliana, for which the first complete plant genome sequence was obtained and their genomes show extensive, although imperfect, conserved synteny with that of a. thaliana. a large number of est sequences, derived from a range of different brassica species, are available in the public database, but no public microarray resourc ... | 2009 | 19426481 |
| gravity control of growth form in brassica rapa and arabidopsis thaliana (brassicaceae): consequences for secondary metabolism. | how gravity influences the growth form and flavor components of plants is of interest to the space program because plants could be used for food and life support during prolonged missions away from the planet, where that constant feature of earth's environment does not prevail. we used plant growth hardware from prior experiments on the space shuttle to grow brassica rapa and arabidopsis thaliana plants during 16-d or 11-d hypergravity treatments on large-diameter centrifuge rotors. both species ... | 2009 | 21628221 |
| identification of novel splice variants of the arabidopsis dcl2 gene. | in arabidopsis thaliana, dicer-like protein 2 (dcl2) cleaves double-stranded virus rna, playing an essential role in the rna interference pathway. here, we describe three alternative splicing (as) forms of atdcl2: in one, both intron 8 and intron 10 are retained in the mrna, in second only intron 8 is retained and in the third no intron is retained, but there is a deletion of 56 nucleotides at the end of exon 10. these splicing forms are present in stems and leaves at different development stage ... | 2009 | 19011859 |
| progress in understanding and sequencing the genome of brassica rapa. | brassica rapa, which is closely related to arabidopsis thaliana, is an important crop and a model plant for studying genome evolution via polyploidization. we report the current understanding of the genome structure of b. rapa and efforts for the whole-genome sequencing of the species. the tribe brassicaceae, which comprises ca. 240 species, descended from a common hexaploid ancestor with a basic genome similar to that of arabidopsis. chromosome rearrangements, including fusions and/or fissions, ... | 2008 | 18288250 |
| from arabidopsis thaliana to brassica napus: development of amplified consensus genetic markers (acgm) for construction of a gene map. | the evolution of genomes can be studied by comparing maps of homologous genes which show changes in nucleic acid sequences and chromosome rearrangements. in this study, we developed a set of 32 amplified consensus gene markers (acgms) that amplified gene sequences from arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus. our methodology, based on pcr, facilitated the rapid sequencing of homologous genes from various species of the same phylogenetic family and the detection of intragenic polymorphism. we fou ... | 2002 | 12582899 |
| hypomethylation and transcriptional reactivation of retrotransposon-like sequences in ddm1 transgenic plants of brassica rapa. | dna methylation and histone modification play important roles in regulating gene expression. the ddm1 gene in arabidopsis thaliana (atddm1) is required for the maintenance of dna methylation level and histone h3 methylation pattern. we isolated ddm1 homologs of brassica rapa, brddm1a and brddm1b, which have 84.4% and 84.1% deduced amino acid sequence identities with atddm1, respectively. both the brddm1a and brddm1b genes were found to be expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. b. rapa ... | 2008 | 18236011 |
| quantitative trait loci for flowering time and morphological traits in multiple populations of brassica rapa. | wide variation for morphological traits exists in brassica rapa and the genetic basis of this morphological variation is largely unknown. here is a report on quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of flowering time, seed and pod traits, growth-related traits, leaf morphology, and turnip formation in b. rapa using multiple populations. the populations resulted from crosses between the following accessions: rapid cycling, chinese cabbage, yellow sarson, pak choi, and a japanese vegetable turnip va ... | 2007 | 18048374 |
| mapping the anthocyaninless (anl) locus in rapid-cycling brassica rapa (rbr) to linkage group r9. | anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments that are responsible for purple coloration in the stems and leaves of a variety of plant species. anthocyaninless (anl) mutants of brassica rapa fail to produce anthocyanin pigments. in rapid-cycling brassica rapa, also known as wisconsin fast plants, the anthocyaninless trait, also called non-purple stem, is widely used as a model recessive trait for teaching genetics. although anthocyanin genes have been mapped in other plants such as arabidopsis thaliana, t ... | 2007 | 17894874 |
| expression, mapping, and genetic variability of brassica napus disease resistance gene analogues. | numerous sequences analogous to resistance (r) genes exist in plant genomes and could be involved in resistance traits. the aim of this study was to identify a large number of brassica napus sequences related to r genes and also to test the adequacy of specific pcr-based tools for studying them. different consensus primers were compared for their efficiency in amplifying resistance-gene analogues (rgas) related to the nucleotide-binding-site subgroup of r genes. specific primers were subsequentl ... | 2001 | 11768212 |
| constraints on the evolution of adaptive plasticity: costs of plasticity to density are expressed in segregating progenies. | phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a genotype to express different phenotypes across environments, is an adaptive strategy expected to evolve in heterogeneous environments. one widely held hypothesis is that the evolutionary benefits of plasticity are reduced by its costs, but when compared with the number of traits tested, the evidence for costs is limited. selection gradients were calculated for traits and trait plasticities to test for costs of plasticity to density in a field study using ... | 2007 | 17822398 |
| genomic distribution of simple sequence repeats in brassica rapa. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) represent short tandem duplications found within all eukaryotic organisms. to examine the distribution of ssrs in the genome of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, ssrs from different genomic regions representing 17.7 mb of genomic sequence were surveyed. ssrs appear more abundant in non-coding regions (86.6%) than in coding regions (13.4%). comparison of ssr densities in different genomic regions demonstrated that ssr density was greatest within the 5'-flanking regions ... | 2007 | 17646709 |
| genes encoding pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins are not conserved in location in plant genomes and may be subject to diversifying selection. | the pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) is a degenerate 35 amino acid motif that occurs in multiple tandem copies in members of a recently recognized eukaryotic gene family. most analyzed eukaryotic genomes contain only a small number of ppr genes, but in plants the family is greatly expanded. the factors that underlie the expansion of this gene family in plants are not as yet understood. | 2007 | 17521445 |
| development of amplified consensus genetic markers (acgm) in brassica napus from arabidopsis thaliana sequences of known biological function. | a method for the development of consensus genetic markers between species of the same taxonomic family is described in this paper. it is based on the conservation of the peptide sequences and on the potential polymorphism within non-coding sequences. six loci sequenced from arabidopsis thaliana, ag, lfy3, ap3, fad7, fad3, and adh, were analysed for one ecotype of a. thaliana, four lines of brassica napus, and one line for each parental species, brassica oleracea and brassica rapa. positive ampli ... | 1999 | 10382288 |
| isolation of circadian-associated genes in brassica rapa by comparative genomics with arabidopsis thaliana. | elucidation of the roles of circadian associated factors requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms, control of flowering time through photoperiodic pathways, and photosensory signal transduction. in arabidopsis, the aprr1 quintet, aprrs 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, are known as central oscillator genes. other plants may share the molecular mechanism underlying the circadian rhythm. to identify and characterize these circadian response genes in brassica crops whose ge ... | 2007 | 17464190 |
| cross-species approaches to seed dormancy and germination: conservation and biodiversity of aba-regulated mechanisms and the brassicaceae dog1 genes. | seed dormancy is genetically determined with substantial environmental influence mediated, at least in part, by the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba). the aba-related transcription factor abi3/vp1 (aba insensitive3/viviparous1) is widespread among green plants. alternative splicing of its transcripts appears to be involved in regulating seed dormancy, but the role of abi3/vp1 goes beyond seeds and dormancy. in contrast, dog1 (delay of germination 1), a major quantitative trait gene more specific ... | 2010 | 20013031 |
| sequence-level comparative analysis of the brassica napus genome around two stearoyl-acp desaturase loci. | we conducted a sequence-level comparative analyses, at the scale of complete bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones, between the genome of the most economically important brassica species, brassica napus (oilseed rape), and those of brassica rapa, the genome of which is currently being sequenced, and arabidopsis thaliana. we constructed a new b. napus bac library and identified and sequenced clones that contain homoeologous regions of the genome including stearoyl-acp desaturase-encoding g ... | 2010 | 19929877 |
| complexity of genome evolution by segmental rearrangement in brassica rapa revealed by sequence-level analysis. | the brassica species, related to arabidopsis thaliana, include an important group of crops and represent an excellent system for studying the evolutionary consequences of polyploidy. previous studies have led to a proposed structure for an ancestral karyotype and models for the evolution of the b. rapa genome by triplication and segmental rearrangement, but these have not been validated at the sequence level. | 2009 | 19922648 |
| a brassica rapa linkage map of est-based snp markers for identification of candidate genes controlling flowering time and leaf morphological traits. | for identification of genes responsible for varietal differences in flowering time and leaf morphological traits, we constructed a linkage map of brassica rapa dna markers including 170 est-based markers, 12 ssr markers, and 59 bac sequence-based markers, of which 151 are single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. by blastn, 223 markers were shown to have homologous regions in arabidopsis thaliana, and these homologous loci covered nearly the whole genome of a. thaliana. synteny analysis betw ... | 2009 | 19884167 |
| formation of n-acetylglutamate by extracts of higher plants. | the enzymic synthesis of n-acetylglutamate was studied in extracts of higher plant tissues, especially in sugar beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.). sugar beet leaves had an enzyme that transferred the acetyl group either from acetyl-coa or from n(2)-acetylornithine to glutamate. the enzyme was so unstable that special precautions were necessary for its detection and appreciable purification was impossible. the km values were 2.5 and 0.025 mm for acetyl-coa and n(2)-acetylornithine, respectively. the ... | 1977 | 16659918 |
| development of public immortal mapping populations, molecular markers and linkage maps for rapid cycling brassica rapa and b. oleracea. | publicly available genomic tools help researchers integrate information and make new discoveries. in this paper, we describe the development of immortal mapping populations of rapid cycling, self-compatible lines, molecular markers, and linkage maps for brassica rapa and b. oleracea and make the data and germplasm available to the brassica research community. the b. rapa population consists of 160 recombinant inbred (ri) lines derived from the cross of highly inbred lines of rapid cycling and ye ... | 2009 | 19784615 |
| homology of plant peroxidases: an immunochemical approach. | antisera specific for the basic peroxidase from horseradish (amoracea rusticana) were used to examine homology among horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes and among basic peroxidases from root plants. the antisera cross-reacted with all tested isoperoxidases when measured by both agar diffusion and quantitative precipitin reactions. precipitin analyses provided quantitative measurements of homology among these plant peroxidases. the basic radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. cherry belle) peroxidase had ... | 1982 | 16662176 |
| advances on the determination of thresholds of cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils in central chile. | to better determine phytotoxicity thresholds for metals in the soil, studies should use actual field-contaminated soil samples rather than metal-spiked soil preparations. however, there are surprisingly few such data available for cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. moreover, these studies differ from each other with regards to soil characteristics and experimental setups. this study aimed at more accurately estimating cu phytotoxicity thresholds using field-collected agricultural soil ... | 2017 | 28131477 |
| ecological risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the tropics. tier ii: detailed assessment. | this study presents data on the detailed evaluation (tier 2) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment (ssera) in a former smelter area contaminated with metals (santo amaro, bahia, brazil). combining information from three lines of evidence (loe), chemical (chemloe), ecotoxicological (ecotoxloe) and ecological (ecoloe), in the triad approach, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites and confirm the potential risk disclosed with tier 1. risk values were calculated for the habitat ... | 2015 | 26528915 |
| effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth. | vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose, with some of the oil remaining in the soil. although most of the pahs were removed, the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation. addition of sunflowe ... | 2008 | 19209632 |
| biological testing of a digested sewage sludge and derived composts. | aiming to evaluate a possible loss of soil habitat function after amendment with organic wastes, a digested sewage sludge and derived composts produced with green residues, where biologically tested in the laboratory using soil animals (eisenia andrei and folsomia candida) and plants (brassica rapa and avena sativa). each waste was tested mimicking a field application of 6ton/ha or 12ton/ha. avoidance tests did not reveal any impact of sludge and composts to soil biota. germination and growth te ... | 2008 | 18413285 |
| toxicity assessment of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters. | contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive or biochemical changes in plants. to evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from jales mine surroundings, bioassays with the plants brassica rapa (rcbr) and avena sativa were performed. biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [mda] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities) were also measured. the soils had different heavy metal ... | 2006 | 16307215 |
| evaluation and refinement of a continuous seed germination and early seedling growth test for the use in the ecotoxicological assessment of soils. | four higher plant species (avena sativa l., oat; lepidium sativum l., cress; brassica rapa metzg., turnip; and phaseolus vulgaris l., bush bean) and 15 soils including five mineral oil-contaminated soils were tested to assess a soil-based continuous seed germination and early seedling growth bioassay. seed germination was recorded and the shoot biomass of 14-day seedlings measured. an automatic self-watering system was compared with the daily hand watering. results obtained from this study show ... | 2001 | 11459155 |
| assessment of allelopathic properties of aloe ferox mill. on turnip, beetroot and carrot. | turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) are common vegetables in south africa. the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of aloe ferox mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in petri dish experiments. the extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml. leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/ml inhibited the germination o ... | 2012 | 23558992 |
| sequenced bac anchored reference genetic map that reconciles the ten individual chromosomes of brassica rapa. | in view of the immense value of brassica rapa in the fields of agriculture and molecular biology, the multinational brassica rapa genome sequencing project (brgsp) was launched in 2003 by five countries. the developing brgsp has valuable resources for the community, including a reference genetic map and seed bac sequences. although the initial b. rapa linkage map served as a reference for the brgsp, there was ambiguity in reconciling the linkage groups with the ten chromosomes of b. rapa. conseq ... | 2009 | 19751531 |