| a modular esterase from penicillium funiculosum which releases ferulic acid from plant cell walls and binds crystalline cellulose contains a carbohydrate binding module. | an esterase was isolated from cultures of the filamentous fungus penicillium funiculosum grown on sugar beet pulp as the sole carbon source. the enzyme (ferulic acid esterase b, faeb) was shown to be a cinnamoyl esterase (ce), efficiently releasing hydroxycinnamic acids from synthetic ester substrates and plant cell walls, and bound strongly to microcrystalline cellulose. a gene fragment was obtained by pcr using partial amino-acid sequences obtained from the pure enzyme and used to a probe a p. ... | 2000 | 11082184 |
| overproduction of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in escherichia coli. structural and functional properties of wild-type, mutants and e. coli enzymes. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline. although betaine aldehyde has been thought to be a specific substrate for badh, recent studies have shown that human and sugar beet badhs also catalyze the oxidation of omega-aminoaldehydes. to characterize the kinetic and stability properties of spinach badh, five kinds of expression vectors encoding full length, mature, e103q, e103k, and chimera badhs were construc ... | 2000 | 11106411 |
| aspergillus niger i-1472 and pycnoporus cinnabarinus mucl39533, selected for the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin, are also able to produce cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and feruloyl esterases. | the filamentous fungal strains aspergillus niger i-1472 and pycnoporus cinnabarinus mucl39533, previously selected for the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillic acid and vanillin respectively, were grown on sugar beet pulp. a large spectrum of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes was produced by a. niger and very few levels of feruloyl esterases were found. in contrast, p. cinnabarinus culture filtrate contained low amount of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and no feruloyl esterases. in order t ... | 2001 | 11118600 |
| structure, production characteristics and fungal antagonism of tensin - a new antifungal cyclic lipopeptide from pseudomonas fluorescens strain 96.578. | to study the antagonistic activity by pseudomonas fluorescens strain 96.578 on the plant pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani. | 2000 | 11123472 |
| simultaneous ethanol and bacterial ice nuclei production from sugar beet molasses by a zymomonas mobilis cp4 mutant expressing the inaz gene of pseudomonas syringae in continuous culture. | the aim of this work was to construct a zymomonas mobilis mutant capable of simultaneous ethanol and ice nuclei production from agricultural by-product such as sugar beet molasses, in steady-state continuous culture. | 2000 | 11123473 |
| monitoring gene flow from transgenic sugar beet using cytoplasmic male-sterile bait plants. | one of the most discussed environmental effects associated with the use of transgenic plants is the flow of genes to plants in the environment. the flow of genes may occur through pollen since it is the reproductive system that is designed for gene movement. pollen-mediated gene escape is hard to control in mating plants. pollen from a wind pollinator can move over distances of more than 1000 m. to investigate the efficiency of transgenic pollen movement under realistic environmental conditions, ... | 2000 | 11123616 |
| effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs. | a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 24 finishing pigs (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]) to determine the effects of dietary buffering capacity (bc) and carbohydrate sources on apparent total tract digestibility (td), n retention, and manure characteristics. twelve of these pigs were fitted with steered ileo-cecal value cannulas to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (id) of n. experimental variables were two levels of bc (high = 600 meq/kg and low = 530 meq/kg) a ... | 2000 | 11132824 |
| a century of plant virus management in the salinas valley of california, 'east of eden'. | the mild climate of the salinas valley, ca lends itself well to a diverse agricultural industry. however, the diversity of weeds, crops and insect and fungal vectors also provide favorable conditions for plant virus disease development. this paper considers the incidence and management of several plant viruses that have caused serious epidemics and been significant in the agricultural development of the salinas valley during the 20th century. beet curly top virus (bctv) almost destroyed the newl ... | 2000 | 11137170 |
| maintaining methylation activities during salt stress. the involvement of adenosine kinase. | synthesis of the compatible osmolyte gly betaine is increased in salt-stressed spinach (spinacia oleracea). gly betaine arises by oxidation of choline from phosphocholine. phosphocholine is synthesized in the cytosol by three successive s-adenosyl-met-dependent n-methylations of phosphoethanolamine. with each transmethylation, a molecule of s-adenosylhomo-cys (sah) is produced, a potent inhibitor of s-adenosyl-met-dependent methyltransferases. we examined two enzymes involved in sah metabolism: ... | 2001 | 11161043 |
| identification of conserved traits in fluorescent pseudomonads with antifungal activity. | a collection of 29 fluorescent pseudomonads, some with known biological control activity against a range of phytopathogenic fungi, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically by comparing carbon source utilization patterns, suppression of pythium ultimum both in planta and in vitro and the potential to produce known secondary metabolites. fatty acid profiling and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the ribosomal dna operon (ribotyping) were used to determine the d ... | 2000 | 11200428 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows. | the effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and nsp content. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in starch and nsp ratio in the diet. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance e ... | 2001 | 11204695 |
| signalling by the fungus pythium ultimum represses expression of two ribosomal rna operons with key roles in the rhizosphere ecology of pseudomonas fluorescens f113. | pseudomonas fluorescens f113 produces antifungal metabolites that protect the roots of sugarbeet from the fungus pythium ultimum. the phytopathogen, in turn, has the ability to downregulate the expression of genes fundamental to the rhizosphere competence of the bacterial strain. this paper describes the characterization of two of these genes, which were isolated by screening a mini-tn5::lacz mutant bank for differential expression of beta-galactosidase in the presence of p. ultimum. in order to ... | 1999 | 11207771 |
| high-resolution mapping of yacs and the single-copy gene hs1(pro-1) on beta vulgaris chromosomes by multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a powerful approach for physical mapping of dna sequences along plant chromosomes. nematode-resistant sugar beets (beta vulgaris) carrying a beta procumbens translocation were investigated by fish with two differentially labelled yacs originating from the translocation. at mitotic metaphases, the translocation was identified with both yacs in the terminal region on a pair of chromosomes. meiotic chromosomes, representing a far more extended hybridizat ... | 2001 | 11247602 |
| changes in intragastric meal distribution are better predictors of gastric emptying rate in conscious pigs than are meal viscosity or dietary fibre concentration. | the effect of dietary fibre on the gastric emptying rate of solids is controversial. similarly, the mechanisms by which it modulates food intake are partially unknown. gastric emptying and proximal v. distal stomach filling were evaluated in triplicate on four conscious pigs using scintigraphic imaging. each animal received in an isoenergetic manner a concentrate low-fibre diet enriched in starch (s) and two high-fibre diets based on sugar beet pulp (bp) or wheat bran (wb). all meals had the sam ... | 2001 | 11299080 |
| review of equine feeding and stable management practices in the uk concentrating on the last decade of the 20th century. | equine feeding and stable management practices for horses kept in the uk vary greatly and it is probable that almost any permutation of regimen could be found somewhere. unfortunately, there is uncertainty about the number of horses in the uk and very limited data are available on the ways horses are being fed and managed. this paper reviews some of the information that is available and provides an outline of some of the factors influencing the practices used. to a certain extent, the way uk hor ... | 1999 | 11314235 |
| scale up of fuel ethanol production from sugar beet juice using loofa sponge immobilized bioreactor. | production of fuel ethanol from sugar beet juice, using cells immobilized on loofa sponge was investigated. based on ethanol productivity and ease of cell immobilization, a flocculating yeast strain, saccharomyces cerevisiae ir2 was selected for ethanol production from sugar beet juice. it was found that raw sugar beet juice was an optimal substrate for ethanol production, requiring neither ph adjustment nor nitrogen source supplement. when compared with a 2 l bubble column bioreactor, mixing wa ... | 2001 | 11315804 |
| [cloning and characterization of cmo gene from atriplex hortensis]. | glycine betaine is a widespread osmopretectant existed in many organisms. in higher plant, glycine betaine is synthesized via a two-sep oxidation reaction: choline-->betaine aldehyde-->glycine betaine. the first step, also the speed-limiting step, is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase(cmo). choosing halophyte atriplex hortensis as material, we constructed a salt stress-induced cdna library, and isolated a 1.77 kb length cdna clone with spinach cmo cdna as probe. the sequencing result showed a co ... | 2001 | 11330176 |
| development of a highly sensitive nested rt-pcr method for beet necrotic yellow vein virus detection. | a diagnostic test incorporating reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was developed for the detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). the rt-pcr used the primers designed by (henry et al., j. virol. methods 54 (1995)15) but refinements were made to the protocol including simplification of the extraction method, the use of standard reagents and adoption of a one-step procedure. none of these changes impaired sensitivity or ... | 2001 | 11377723 |
| development of a simple in vitro assay for estimating net rumen acid load from diet ingredients. | the objective of these experiments was to develop a simple in vitro technique for evaluating the production and neutralization of acid as feeds ferment in the rumen. an in vitro approach was adopted to eliminate animal factors. the procedure was based on the method of tilley and terry, with some modifications developed in this project. residual acidity (acidogenicity value) was determined by the dissolution of ca from caco3 powder added to the media at the end of 24-h incubations. acidogenicity ... | 2001 | 11384037 |
| effect of beringite on cadmium and zinc uptake by plants and earthworms: more than a liming effect? | metal-contaminated soils are potentially harmful to plants, animals, and humans. harmful effects are often related to the free-metal concentration in the soil solution. immobilization is a potentially useful method to improve the quality of metal-contaminated soils by transforming free-metal ions into species that are less mobile and less toxic. the effect of many immobilizing products can be attributed to sorption on the surface of the material. alkaline materials also enhance adsorption to soi ... | 2001 | 11392145 |
| identification and expression of the pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata hrpz(psa) gene which encodes an harpin elicitor. | a sequence homologous to an internal fragment 0.75 kb bstxi of the pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae hrpz gene was identified in pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata ncppb 2664, the causal agent of bacterial blight in sugar beet, lettuce and other plants. and in e. coli dh10b (pccp1069) containing the p. syringae pv. aptata hrp gene cluster. pcr with oligonucleotides, based on the hrpz(pss) gene and used as primers with the total genomic dna of p. syringae pv. aptata, amplified a 1 kb fragment that h ... | 2001 | 11392485 |
| use of the gfp reporter as a vital marker for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | molecular approaches to sugar beet improvement will benefit from an efficient transformation procedure that does not rely upon exploitation of selectable marker genes such as those which confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance upon the transgenic plants. the expression of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) signal has been investigated during a program of research that was designed to address the need to increase the speed and efficiency of selection of sugar beet transformants. it was envisag ... | 2001 | 11395859 |
| biological monitoring of phenmedipham: determination of m-toluidine in urine. | phenmedipham [methyl-3-(3-methylphenylcarbamoyloxy)carbamate] is used as a herbicide, especially in the growing of sugar beet and strawberries. during metabolism of the substance in rats, the two carbamate moieties of phenmedipham are cleaved and the metabolites methyl-n-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-carbamate, m-aminophenol and hydroxyacetanilide are formed. these compounds and their conjugates are excreted in urine. additionally, it has been suggested that m-toluidine is formed during metabolism. for the ... | 2001 | 11409536 |
| high cell density cultivation of rhodococcus opacus for lipid production at a pilot-plant scale. | the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 was investigated with respect to the fermentative production of tags consisting of an unusually high fraction of fatty acids with an odd-number of carbon atoms and unsaturated monoenic fatty acids from sugar beet molasses and sucrose. fed-batch fermentations were optimized at the 30-1 scale in a stirred tank bioreactor at 30 degrees c using a mineral salts medium, which contained sugar beet molasses and sucrose as s ... | 2001 | 11414319 |
| softness and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and methylmalonic acid concentrations in the plasma of intensively reared lambs. | the aim of the present work was to study the relationships between lamb growth performance, soft adipose tissue and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of intensively reared lambs, and to determine if the occurrence of soft fat, and of odd numbered (odd fa) and methyl-branched-chain fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue was related to plasma concentrations of methylmalonic acid (mma). for this purpose, a sensitive gas chromatography assay to measure low plasma concentratio ... | 2001 | 11423232 |
| anaerobic biodegradation of sugar beet pulp. | sugar beet pulp is a by-product of sugar production and consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. its composition is suitable for biological degradation. a possible alternative for the utilization of this material (besides cattle feeding) can be anaerobic methanogenic degradation. it has an additional advantage--biogas production. beet pulp was treated by a two-step anaerobic process. the first step consisted of hydrolysis and acidification. the second step was methanogenesis. in t ... | 2000 | 11432579 |
| interactions of atrazine and 2,4-d with human serum albumin studied by gel and capillary electrophoresis, and ftir spectroscopy. | the herbicides 6-chloro-n-ethyl-n'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) are widely used in agricultural practice to fight dicotyledon weeds mainly in maize, cereals, and lucerne. as a result, these compounds are found not only in the plants, soil, and water, but also in the cultivated ground in the following years as well as in agricultural products such as fruits, milk, butter, and sugar beet. the toxicological effects of herbicides oc ... | 2001 | 11451446 |
| impact of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113 on intraspecific diversity of resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings. | the impact of the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol agent pseudomonas fluorescens f113rif on the diversity of the resident community of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings was evaluated. at 19 days after sowing, the seed inoculant f113rif had replaced some of the resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads at the rhizoplane but had no effect on the number of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. a total of 498 isolates of ... | 2001 | 11472913 |
| controlled drainage and wetlands to reduce agricultural pollution: a lysimetric study. | controlled drainage and wetlands could be very effective practices to control nitrogen pollution in the low-lying agricultural plains of northeast italy, but they are not as popular as in other countries. an experiment on lysimeters was therefore carried out in 1996-1998, with the double aim of obtaining local information to encourage the implementation of these practices and to gain more knowledge on the effects involved. controlled drainage + subirrigation and wetlands were all considered as n ... | 2001 | 11476512 |
| pseudomonas cellulosa expresses a single membrane-bound glycoside hydrolase family 51 arabinofuranosidase. | in the accompanying paper [beylot, mckie, voragen, doeswijk-voragen and gilbert (2001) biochem. j. 358, 607-614] the chromosome of pseudomonas cellulosa was shown to contain two genes, abf51a and abf62a, that encode arabinofuranosidases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 62, respectively. in this report we show that expression of abf51a is induced by arabinose and arabinose-containing polysaccharides. northern-blot analysis showed that abf51a was efficiently transcribed, whereas no ... | 2001 | 11535121 |
| recycling of na in advanced life support: strategies based on crop production systems. | sodium is an essential dietary requirement in human nutrition, but seldom holds much importance as a nutritional element for crop plants. in advanced life support (als) systems, recycling of gases, nutrients, and water loops is required to improve system closure. if plants are to play a significant role in recycling of human wastes, na will need to accumulate in edible tissues for return to the crew diet. if crops fail to accumulate the incoming na into edible tissues, na could become a threat t ... | 1999 | 11542242 |
| physicochemical properties of a novel alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from rhizomucor pusillus hht-1. | the zygomycete fungus rhizomucor pusillus hht-1, cultured on l(+)arabinose as a sole carbon source, produced extracellular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase. the enzyme was purified by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. the molecular mass of this monomeric enzyme was 88 kda. the native enzyme had a pi of 4.2 and displayed a ph optimum and stability of 4.0 and 7.0-10.0, respectively. the temperature optimum was 65 degrees c, and it was stable up to 70 degrees c. t ... | 2001 | 11575504 |
| the effect of dietary carbohydrates with different digestibility on the populations of oesophagostomum dentatum in the intestinal tract of pigs. | an experiment was undertaken to study the effect of dietary carbohydrates with different digestibility on the populations of oesophagostomum dentatum in the intestinal tract of pigs. sixty-four worm-free pigs from a specific pathogen-free farm were randomly divided into 8 equal groups. the animals in 4 groups were assigned to a diet with partially undegradable carbohydrates (diet 1), while the pigs in the 4 remaining groups were given a diet with fermentable carbohydrates (diet 2). diet 1 was co ... | 2001 | 11578096 |
| sentinel practice-based survey of the management and health of horses in northern britain. | details of the management, feeding, level of activity and routine health care of horses in scotland and the five northernmost counties in england were recorded through a stratified random sample of horse owners who had responded to a previous survey. sixty-eight per cent of the horses were kept where their owners resided, and 32 per cent were kept away from the owner's home. more than 99 per cent were turned out to grazing for at least part of the year and 81 per cent were stabled for at least p ... | 2001 | 11678214 |
| a catalytic subunit of the sugar beet protein kinase ck2 is induced by salt stress and increases nacl tolerance in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | salinity is an important limiting factor in plant growth and development. we have cloned a catalytic subunit of the sugar beet protein kinase ck2 (bvcka2) by functional expression in yeast of a nacl-induced cdna library. bvcka2 was able to increase the yeast tolerance to nacl and to functionally complement the cka1 cka2 yeast double mutant upon over-expression. southern blot analysis indicated that, in sugar beet, the bcka2 gene is a member of a multigene family. the mrna levels of bvcka2 were u ... | 2001 | 11725943 |
| analysis of sucrose synthase genes in citrus suggests different roles and phylogenetic relationships. | the purpose of this work was 2-fold; first, a molecular/evolutionary characterization of three sucrose synthase genes from citrus, and second, an analysis of their differential expression related to potential physiological function. three non-allelic genes (citsus1, citsusa and citsus2) encoding sucrose synthase were isolated from citrus fruit (citrus unshiu marc.). phylogenetic analysis from the deduced amino acid sequences showed that citsus1 and citsus2 could be classified into a dicot group. ... | 2002 | 11741042 |
| influence of nitrogen source on the fermentation of fibre from barley straw and sugarbeet pulp by ruminal micro-organisms in vitro. | incubations were carried out with a batch culture system to study the effects of different n sources on the fermentation by ruminal micro-organisms from merino sheep of two fibre substrates derived from feedstuffs that differed in their fermentation rate. the substrates were neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) from barley straw and sugarbeet pulp. n sources were ammonia (nh4cl) and peptides (trypticase). three treatments were made by replacing ammonia-n with peptide-n at levels of 0 (ammo), 33 (peplow ... | 2001 | 11749681 |
| enzyme assay for identification of pectin and pectin derivatives, based on recombinant pectate lyase. | a simple method was developed for fast identification of pectin, based on a recombinant endopectate lyase cloned from aspergillus niger. when pectin was demethylated and treated with pectate lyase, beta-elimination occurred, resulting in a double bond between c-4 and c-5 in the galacturonic acid residue of the released nonreducing end. the formation of double bonds produced an increase in light absorption, which was detected at 235 nm. the assay was tested on pectin of different origins (apple, ... | 2001 | 11767155 |
| survival, root colonisation and biocontrol capacities of pseudomonas fluorescens f113 laczy in dry alginate microbeads. | cells of pseudomonas fluorescens f113 laczy were encapsulated in alginate and their survival and ability to colonise sugar beet were evaluated. to assess survival, the formulation, composed of dry alginate microbeads of 300- to 700-microm diameter, was stored 1 year at 28+/-2 and 4+/-2 degrees c and then tested against pathogenic fungi pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia solani in in vitro inhibition experiments. the same material was also used as inoculant for protection of sugar beet against py. u ... | 2001 | 11773997 |
| biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus. | biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus is reported for the first time. this isolate produced 250 cmcase (carboxymethyl cellulase or endoglucanase) u.ml(-1) and biodegraded hay and straw during 3 days and the biomass production on straw was 5g.l(-1) dry weight from 0.25 cm2 inoculated mycellium. this strain secreted endocellulases and exocellulases in the culture medium, but some of the enzymes produced, remained cell membrane bound. cell bound enzymes were released by var ... | 2001 | 11826908 |
| enzymes of the entner-doudoroff and pyruvate decarboxylation pathways in zymomonas mobilis wild-type cp4 and mutant strains grown in continuous culture. | the osmotolerant zymomonas mobilis strain suc40, (containing plasmid pds3154-inaz), which is capable of producing simultaneously ethanol and ice nuclei protein, was cultivated in a chemically defined complete sucrose medium, as well as in a sugar beet molasses medium in continuous culture. the strain exhibited the normal monod's relationship between biomass and dilution rate, and between growth substrate concentration and dilution rate. specific activities of a number of enzymes that appear to c ... | 2001 | 11827214 |
| colonization of the developing rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings by potential biocontrol agents applied as seed treatments. | poor colonization of the rhizosphere is a major constraint of seed treatment biological control. the objectives of this study were to; examine the colonization of the rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings by selected rhizobacteria; determine the influence of the host rhizosphere and percolating water on the distribution of the bacteria; and deliver two biological control agents (bcas) by co-inoculation. | 2002 | 11849350 |
| sugar beet mash silage as a component of a total-mixed-ration for dairy cows--effects on parameters of digestion and animal performance. | sugar beet mash silage (bms) was offered in amounts up to 35% of dm to dairy cows as a component of a total-mixed-ration (tmr). barley and molasses in the control ration were replaced by bms half in ration bms 1/2 and in total in ration bms 1/1 on the basis of the calculated contents of net energy for lactation. two trials were carried out. in trial i each ration was tested on parameters of rumen fermentation and digestibility of crude nutrients using 4 holstein cows with rumen fistula. chewing ... | 2001 | 11851016 |
| effects of abomasal infusions of histidine, glucose, and leucine on milk production and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed grass silage diets. | our previous study showed that his was the first-limiting amino acid (aa) for milk protein production in cows fed grass silage and cereal-based supplement. the aim of this study was to identify the second-limiting aa and determine whether glucose was limiting responses to his. abomasal infusion of his (6.5 g/d), glucose (250 g/d), his (6.5 g/d) + glucose (250 g/d), his 6.5 g/d) + leu (12 g/d) and his (6.5 g/d) + leu (12 g/d) + glucose (250 g/d) on milk production and utilization of amino acids b ... | 2002 | 11860113 |
| genetically modified feeds in animal nutrition. 2nd communication: glufosinate tolerant sugar beets (roots and silage) and maize grains for ruminants and pigs. | to analyse substantial equivalence of genetically modified sugar-beets and maize, in which the glufosinate-tolerant (pat) gene is inserted, crude nutrients, the amino acid and the fatty acid profiles as well as the composition of the ndf-fraction of maize grains were determined and compared with those of the corresponding non-transgenic cultivars. due to the genetic manipulation differences in crude nutrient contents including sugar and starch were not detected. the amino acid profile of maize g ... | 2001 | 11865767 |
| effect of plant oils and aspartate on rumen fermentation in vitro. | the effect of plant oils and aspartate (asp) on rumen fermentation in vitro. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant oils (rapeseed - ro, sunflower - so; linseed - lo; 10% wt/wt) and 8 mmol sodium aspartate on rumen fermentation of a diet (250 mg) consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses (60 : 30 : 10). rumen fluid was collected from two slovak merino sheep fed the same diet twice daily. mixed ruminal micro-organisms were incubated in fermentation fluid (40 ml) ... | 2001 | 11906562 |
| adaptation from whitefly to leafhopper transmission of an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like dna component associated with ageratum yellow vein disease. | ageratum yellow vein disease is caused by the whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomovirus ageratum yellow vein virus and a dna beta satellite component. naturally occurring symptomatic plants also contain an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like dna 1 component that relies on the begomovirus and dna beta for systemic spread and whitefly transmission but is not required for maintenance of the disease. here, we show that systemic movement of dna 1 occurs in nicotiana benthamiana when co-inocula ... | 2002 | 11907341 |
| glycon specificity profiling of alpha-glucosidases using monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl derivatives of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside. | hydrolysis of probe substrates, eight possible monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl analogs of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnp alpha-d-glc), modified at the c-2, c-3, c-4, and c-6 positions, was studied as part of investigations into the glycon specificities of seven alpha-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.20) isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus stearothermophilus, honeybee (two enzymes), sugar beet, flint corn, and aspergillus niger. the glucosidases from sugar beet, flint corn, and a. nige ... | 2002 | 11909596 |
| purification and characterization of thermostable endo-1,5-alpha-l-arabinase from a strain of bacillus thermodenitrificans. | a strain of a thermophilic bacterium, tentatively designated bacillus thermodenitrificans ts-3, with arabinan-degrading activity was isolated. it produced an endo-arabinase (abn) (ec 3.2.1.99) and two arabinofuranosidases (ec 3.2.1.55) extracellularly when grown at 60 degrees c on a medium containing sugar beet arabinan. the abn (tentatively called an abn-ts) was purified 7,417-fold by anion-exchange, hydrophobic, size exclusion, and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. the molecular mass of abn-ts ... | 2002 | 11916679 |
| the aspergillus niger faeb gene encodes a second feruloyl esterase involved in pectin and xylan degradation and is specifically induced in the presence of aromatic compounds. | the faeb gene encoding a second feruloyl esterase from aspergillus niger has been cloned and characterized. it consists of an open reading frame of 1644 bp containing one intron. the gene encodes a protein of 521 amino acids that has sequence similarity to that of an aspergillus oryzae tannase. however, the encoded enzyme, feruloyl esterase b (faeb), does not have tannase activity. comparison of the physical characteristics and substrate specificity of faeb with those of a cinnamoyl esterase fro ... | 2002 | 11931668 |
| production of fructose and ethanol from sugar beet molasses using saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 36858. | the production of enriched fructose syrups and ethanol from beet molasses using saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 36858 was studied. in batch experiments with a total sugar concentration between 94.9 and 312.4 g/l, the fructose yield was above 93% of the theoretical value. the ethanol yield and volumetric productivity in the beet molasses media with sugar concentration below 276.2 g/l were in the range of 59-76% of theoretical value and between 0.48 and 2.97 g of ethanol/(l x h), respectively. the f ... | 2002 | 11934290 |
| production of bacterial cellulose from alternate feedstocks. | production of bacterial cellulose by acetobacter xylinum atcc 10821 and 23770 in static cultures was tested from unamended food process effluents. effluents included low-solids (ls) and high-solids (hs) potato effluents, cheese whey permeate (cw), or sugar beet raffinate (csb). strain 23770 produced 10% less cellulose from glucose than did strain 10821 and diverted more glucose to gluconate. unamended hs, cw, and csb were unsuitable for cellulose production by either strain, and ls was unsuitabl ... | 2001 | 11963879 |
| effects of different fibre sources and fat addition on cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipids in blood serum, bile and body tissues of growing pigs. | knowledge is limited on the efficacy of hindgut-fermentable dietary fibre to reduce blood, bile and body tissue cholesterol levels. in three experiments with growing pigs the effects of different kinds and levels of bacterially fermentable fibre (bfs) on cholesterol metabolism were examined. various diets calculated to have similar contents of metabolizable energy were supplied for complete fattening periods. in the first experiment, a stepwise increase from 12 to 20% bfs was performed by supple ... | 2002 | 11972674 |
| biological control of cucumber and sugar beet damping-off caused by pythium ultimum with bacterial and fungal antagonists. | five bacterial strains belonging to bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens and ps. corrugata and two fungal strains belonging to trichoderma viride and gliocladium virens were evaluated for their efficacy in controlling sugar beet and cucumber damping-off caused by pythium ultimum. | 2002 | 12010548 |
| pseudomonas fluorescens dr54 reduces sclerotia formation, biomass development, and disease incidence of rhizoctonia solani causing damping-off in sugar beet. | effects of the biocontrol strain, pseudomonas fluorescens dr54, on growth and disease development by rhizoctonia solani causing damping-off in sugar beet were studied in soil microcosms and in pot experiments with natural, clay-type soil. in pot experiments with p. fluorescens dr54-treated seeds, significantly fewer rhizoctonia-challenged seedlings showed damping-off symptoms than when not inoculated with the biocontrol agent. in the rhizosphere of p. fluorescens dr54 inoculated seeds, the bacte ... | 2001 | 12024268 |
| biological properties and molecular characterization of beet chlorosis virus (bchv). | two distinct viruses belonging to the polerovirus genus, in the family luteoviridae, have been described as being able to induce mild yellowing on sugar beet: beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) and more recently, beet chlorosis virus (bchv). we have analysed biological properties and molecular organisation of two strains of bchv, one collected in england and the second from california. the biological data suggested that bchv displayed a narrower host range compared to bmyv and beet western yellows ... | 2002 | 12038685 |
| evaluation of process-induced dimensional changes in the membrane structure of biological cells using impedance measurement. | the impact of high intensity electric field pulses, high hydrostatic pressure, and freezing-thawing on local structural changes of the membrane was determined for potato, sugar beet tissue, and yeast suspensions. on the basis of the electrophysical model of cell systems in biological tissues and suspensions, a method was derived for determining the extent of local damage of cell membranes. the method was characterized by an accurate and rapid on-line determination of frequency-dependent electric ... | 2002 | 12052078 |
| effect of plant oils and organic acids on rumen fermentation in vitro. | we determined the effect of plant oils (rapeseed, sunflower, linseed) and organic acids (aspartic and malic) on the fermentation of diet consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses. rumen fluid was collected from two sheep (slovak merino) fed with the same diet twice daily. mixed rumen microorganisms were incubated in fermentation fluid, which contained rumen fluid and mc dougall's buffer. all supplemented diets significantly increased ph, molar proportion of propionate, and numerically de ... | 2002 | 12058397 |
| digestibility and metabolic utilisation of dietary energy in adult sows: influence of addition and origin of dietary fibre. | according to a 4 x 4 latin square design, four adult ovariectomised sows fed at a similar energy level (516 kj me/kg body weight (bw)0.75 per d) received one of four diets successively: a control low-dietary-fibre (df) diet (diet c, 100 g total df/kg dm) and three fibre-rich diets (200g total df/kg dm) that corresponded to a combination of diet c and maize bran (diet mb), wheat bran (diet wb), or sugar-beet pulp (diet sbp). sows were adapted to the diet for 12 d before an 8 d measurement period. ... | 2002 | 12064342 |
| increased production of nutriments by genetically engineered crops. | plants are the basis of human nutrition and have been selected and improved to assure this purpose. nowadays, new technologies such as genetic engineering and genomics approaches allow further improvement of plants. we describe here three examples for which these techniques have been employed. we introduced the first enzyme involved in fructan synthesis, the sucrose sucrose fructosyltransferase (isolated from jerusalem artichoke), into sugar beet. the transgenic sugar beet showed a dramatic chan ... | 2002 | 12071305 |
| reduced ammonia emissions from slurry after self-acidification with organic supplements. | ammonia volatilisation from field applied slurries causes environmental hazards and loss of fertilizer value. acidification of slurry, usually with inorganic or organic acids has previously been used to reduce nh3 emissions. in this study, we present an alternative technique for the acidification of slurry, namely the use of fermentation by endogenous microbes to form organic acids from readily degradable organic compounds. in laboratory experiments, the addition of different sugars (sucrose in ... | 2002 | 12088370 |
| antibiotic and biosurfactant properties of cyclic lipopeptides produced by fluorescent pseudomonas spp. from the sugar beet rhizosphere. | cyclic lipopeptides (clps) with antibiotic and biosurfactant properties are produced by a number of soil bacteria, including fluorescent pseudomonas spp. to provide new and efficient strains for the biological control of root-pathogenic fungi in agricultural crops, we isolated approximately 600 fluorescent pseudomonas spp. from two different agricultural soils by using three different growth media. clp production was observed in a large proportion of the strains (approximately 60%) inhabiting th ... | 2002 | 12089023 |
| energy metabolism of cocks and broiler chickens fed on diets with different carbohydrate sources. | energy balances of cocks and chickens were measured using the nitrogen-carbon-balance method. in experiment 1 twelve adult white leghorn cocks were fed alternately on a basal ration or on a supplemental ration composed of 75% basal diet and 25% carbohydrate source as a supplement. in experiment 2 six groups of 12 male broiler chickens were fed successively on two diets each with different carbohydrate sources (40% of dm) and on two energy levels. the investigated carbohydrate sources were glucos ... | 2001 | 12098835 |
| sucrose-mediated transcriptional regulation of sucrose symporter activity in the phloem. | a proton-sucrose symporter mediates the key step in carbon export from leaves of most plants. sucrose transport activity and steady-state mrna levels of bvsut1, a sugar beet leaf sucrose symporter, are negatively regulated specifically by sucrose. results reported here show that bvsut1 mrna was localized to companion cells of the leaf's vascular system, which supports its role in the systemic distribution of photoassimilate. immunoblot analysis showed that decreased transport activity was caused ... | 2002 | 12149483 |
| the short-term feeding behavior of growing pigs fed foods differing in bulk content. | we investigated the effects of foods of different bulk on the short-term feeding behavior (stfb) of 16 individually housed pigs. the three foods used had different bulk contents [low-control (c), medium-70% wheat bran (wb), and high-70% sugar beet pulp (sbp)]. we expected the different intakes of the foods to be reflected in differences in stfb. three hypotheses were developed based on ideas about the way in which a physical constraint to intake could arise. h(1): there would be less diurnal var ... | 2002 | 12175596 |
| chile. | the background notes on chile provide a statistical summary of the population, geography, government, and the economy, and more descriptive text on the history, population, government, economy, defense, and foreign relations. in brief, chile has 13.3 million spanish indian (mestizos), european, and indian inhabitants and an annual growth rate of 1.6%. 96% are literate. infant mortality is 18/1000. 34% of the population are involved in industry and commerce, 30% in services, 19% in agricultur ... | 1992 | 12178038 |
| the phytotoxic lipodepsipeptide syringopeptin 25a from pseudomonas syringae pv syringae forms ion channels in sugar beet vacuoles. | syringopeptin 25a (sp(25)a) belongs to a family of cyclic lipodepsipeptides (ldps) produced by the gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas syringae, a phytopathogenic organism that affects several plants of agronomic interest. ldps increase the permeability of plasma and, possibly, intracellular membranes in plant cells. consistently, sp(25)a forms ion channels in planar lipid bilayers and other model membranes. here we used sugar beet tonoplasts as a new biological model system to study toxin actio ... | 2002 | 12181614 |
| lipopeptide production in pseudomonas sp. strain dss73 is regulated by components of sugar beet seed exudate via the gac two-component regulatory system. | pseudomonas sp. strain dss73 isolated from the sugar beet rhizosphere produces the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin, which inhibits the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi. by tn5::luxab mutagenesis, we obtained two nonproducing mutant strains, dss73-15c2 and dss73-12h8. the gene interrupted by the transposon in strain dss73-15c2 (amsy) encoded a protein with homology to peptide synthetases that was designated amphisin synthetase. dss73-12h8 carried the transposon in a regulatory gene encoding a protein ... | 2002 | 12200307 |
| transgenically expressed betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase efficiently catalyzes oxidation of dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde and [omega]-aminoaldehydes. | tobacco (nicotianum tabacum l.) plants engineered to express a sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) cdna acquired not only badh activity, but also three other aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (those measured with 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde, 3-aminopropionaldehyde, and 4-aminobutyraldehyde, all of which are natural products). this shows that badh is not, as believed up to now, a substrate-specific enzyme and that its role may not be limited to glycine betain ... | 1997 | 12223684 |
| [medical-biological evaluation of genetically-modified sugar beet line 77 (chemical composition and toxicologico-biochemical studies)]. | the rats were fed with the genetically modified sugar beet line 77 (monsanto ko, usa) 10 g/rat/day for 1 month. their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, ph, creatinine level as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the i and ii phases of xenobiotic metabolism and whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities and activity of antioxidant system. | 2002 | 12227013 |
| [medico-genetic evaluation of sugar sand, obtained from genetically-modified sugar beet line 77 (toxicologico-biochemical studies)]. | the rats were fed with the suger from the genetically modified suger beet line 77 (monsanto ko, usa) 3 g/rat/day for 3 months. their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, ph, creatinine level as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the i and ii phases of henobiotic metabolism and whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities and activity of antioxidant system. | 2002 | 12227014 |
| phyllobacterium myrsinacearum (subjective synonym phyllobacterium rubiacearum) emend. | the taxonomic relationships between phyllobacterium myrsinacearum lmg 2t2t, phyllobacterium rubiacearum lmg 1t1t and two phyllobacterium strains representing a collection of isolates from sugar-beet roots were investigated by means of fatty acid analysis and dna-dna hybridization. the strains showed very similar fatty acid compositions and more than 96% dna reassociation to each other. on the basis of these results and available data from the literature, it is proposed that p. rubiacearum be cla ... | 2002 | 12361292 |
| the beta-1,4-endogalactanase a gene from aspergillus niger is specifically induced on arabinose and galacturonic acid and plays an important role in the degradation of pectic hairy regions. | the aspergillus nigerbeta-1,4-endogalactanase encoding gene (gala) was cloned and characterized. the expression of gala in a. niger was only detected in the presence of sugar beet pectin, d-galacturonic acid and l-arabinose, suggesting that gala is coregulated with both the pectinolytic genes as well as the arabinanolytic genes. the corresponding enzyme, endogalactanase a (gala), contains both active site residues identified previously for the pseudomonas fluorescensbeta-1,4-endogalactanase. the ... | 2002 | 12383257 |
| expression profiling of pectinolytic genes from aspergillus niger. | the expression of 26 pectinolytic genes from aspergillus niger was studied in a wild type strain and a crea derepressed strain, under 16 different growth conditions, to obtain an expression profile for each gene. these expression profiles were then submitted to cluster analysis to identify subsets of genes with similar expression profiles. with the exception of the feruloyl esterase encoding genes, all genes were expressed in the presence of d-galacturonic acid, polygalacturonate, and/or sugar b ... | 2002 | 12387863 |
| characterisation of pectin subunits released by an optimised combination of enzymes. | pectins from sugar beet, lime and apple were degraded by a rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase associated or not with pectin methylesterases and side chain degrading enzymes (galactanase and arabinanase). the composition of the enzymatic mixture was optimised by following the reaction by viscosimetric means. the reaction products were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. treatment with all the enzymes released four fractions: (1). 227-247 mg/g of initial pectins and corresponded to neutral suga ... | 2002 | 12423972 |
| the beet soilborne pomovirus in belgium and relationship with rhizomania. | the objective of this study was to determine the extend of the beet soilborne pomovirus (bsbv) and the beet virus q in sugar beet fields in belgium. during the 2000 sugar beet growing season, more than 80 fields located in belgium were investigated for the presence of the beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (bnyvv), the bsbv and polymyxa betae, the plasmodiophorid vector of both viruses. fields investigated were identified either using previous recorded data or by visual identification of yellow ... | 2001 | 12425019 |
| analysis of nematode-responsive promoters in sugar beet hairy roots. | one of the strategies to make crops resistant to the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is the destruction of the feeding site or syncytium. this can be achieved by local expression of the cytotoxic barnase gene under control of a nematode-inducible plant promoter that is active in the syncytium. expression of barnase outside the feeding site has to be neutralized by its inhibitor barstar driven from a constitutive promoter that is downregulated in the syncytium. several promoters that are ... | 2001 | 12425082 |
| mapping the probability of exceeding critical thresholds for cadmium concentrations in soils in the netherlands. | the probability of exceeding critical thresholds of cd concentrations in the soil was mapped at a national scale. the critical thresholds in soil were based on food quality criteria for cd in crops or in organs of cattle (bos taurus), and were calculated by inverting a regression model for the cd concentration in the crop, with the cd concentration in soil, soil organic matter (som) content, clay content, and ph as predictors. the probability of exceeding the critical threshold for cd in soil pe ... | 2002 | 12469837 |
| modulation of cd8+ intraepithelial lymphocyte distribution by dietary fiber in the rat large intestine. | we studied whether ingestion of dietary fiber modifies the distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in a physiological condition. male wkah rats were fed diets either with fiber (sugar beet fiber or crystalline cellulose, 100 g/kg diet each) or without fiber for 3 weeks. the number of cd8(+), cd4(+), and nkr-p1(+) iel per epithelial layer in the crypt section of the cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon were scored by immunohistochemical staining. we found that the proportion of cd8(+ ... | 2002 | 12486212 |
| adaptation to the digestion of nutrients of a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide diet in group-housed pregnant sows. | a trial was conducted with twenty group-housed pregnant sows to study the adaptation in nutrient digestibility to a starch-rich diet or a diet with a high level of fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) during a time period of 6 weeks. the starch-rich diet was primarily composed of wheat, peas and tapioca, whereas soya bean hulls and sugar beet pulp, which both are highly fermentable nsp sources, were used to formulate the nsp-rich diet. the starch-rich diet and the nsp-rich diet were form ... | 2002 | 12534834 |
| expression of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis genes in hairy roots of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | three genes from ralstonia eutropha necessary for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) synthesis were introduced into the hairy roots of sugar beet. transformation of a vector construct harbouring the phb genes, each fused to the coding region of the pea ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase plastid targeting sequence, resulted in 20 transgenic hairy-root clones, producing up to 55 mg high molecular phb/g dry weight, as identified by gas chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and hplc. accumulation ... | 2003 | 12536258 |
| effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs. | effects of dietary protein concentration (high, 18.5; low, 15.7%) and fermentable fiber (control; soyhulls, sh; and sugar beet pulp, sbp) on n excretion patterns and plasma urea were tested in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. the objectives were: 1) to determine if reduced dietary protein together with fermentable fiber would reduce urinary n excretion further than a single diet manipulation, 2) to determine if effects of diet manipulations were similar between pigs with restricted and free access ... | 2002 | 12542166 |
| residual impact of the biocontrol inoculant pseudomonas fluorescens f113 on the resident population of rhizobia nodulating a red clover rotation crop. | a field trial was previously conducted in which sugarbeet seeds were either untreated, inoculated with the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113rif, or treated with chemical fungicides. following harvest of sugarbeet, the field site was sown with uninoculated red clover. the aim of this study was to assess the residual impact of the microbial inoculant (and the fungicide treatment) on the diversity of resident rhizobia nodulating the red clover rotation crop. the percentage of nodules y ... | 2003 | 12545314 |
| feed intake of young double-muscled bulls fed on grass and supplemented with sugar-beet pulp. | daily dry matter intake in young growing double-muscled bulls, fed indoors on grass, was estimated based on forty-four intake data from 28 animals, ageing at least five months and weighing up to 400 kg live weight. intake was measured during five consecutive days using one of eighteen cuts of grass. fresh meadow grass (mainly lolium perenne) was fed ad libitum and two kg dried sugar-beet pulp was offered per animal and per day. animal live weight averaged 278 +/- 82 kg and mean total daily dry m ... | 2002 | 12556046 |
| effect of diet and gnrh administration on post-partum ovarian cyclicity in autumn-lambing ewes. | using autumn-lambing ewes, this study investigated (i) the effects of diet on gonadotrophin secretion and responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to exogenous gnrh during the early post-partum period; and (ii) whether ovulation prior to completion of uterine involution results in an increased incidence of aberrant ovarian cycles. thirty-two ewes rearing 1.9+/-0.12 lambs were equally allocated to two dietary treatments at lambing (22 october +/-0.2 day). diets comprised ad libit ... | 2003 | 12559721 |
| production of cyclic lipopeptides by pseudomonas fluorescens strains in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. | the production of cyclic lipopeptides (clps) with antifungal and biosurfactant properties by pseudomonas fluorescens strains was investigated in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. purified clps (viscosinamide, tensin, and amphisin) were first shown to remain highly stable and extractable (90%) when applied (ca. 5 microg g(-1)) to sterile soil, whereas all three compounds were degraded over 1 to 3 weeks in nonsterile soil. when a whole-cell inoculum of p. fluorescens strain dr54 contain ... | 2003 | 12571005 |
| surface motility in pseudomonas sp. dss73 is required for efficient biological containment of the root-pathogenic microfungi rhizoctonia solani and pythium ultimum. | pseudomonas sp. dss73 was isolated from the rhizoplane of sugar beet seedlings. this strain exhibits antagonism towards the root-pathogenic microfungi pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia solani. production of the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin in combination with expression of flagella enables the growing bacterial culture to move readily over the surface of laboratory media. amphisin is a new member of a group of dual-functioning compounds such as tensin, viscosin and viscosinamid that display both bi ... | 2003 | 12576578 |
| identification and exploitation of novel disease resistance genes in sugar beet. | sugar beet is a valuable arable crop providing a large proportion of world sugar supplies. it is susceptible to a range of fungal and viral diseases, to most of which there is inadequate genetic resistance. control instead relies largely on the use of pesticides. to increase the sustainability of sugar-beet cultivation, strong and durable genetic resistance is urgently needed. this review describes an iacr-broom's barn programme devoted to evaluating beta germplasm for novel resistance to major ... | 2003 | 12587876 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows. | the effects of dietary nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp) on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows were studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were fed one of four experimental diets that were similar in composition except for starch and nsp contents. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in dietary starch and nsp ratio. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed. intake of fermentable nsp (fns ... | 2003 | 12597389 |
| arabidopsis gene expression changes during cyst nematode parasitism revealed by statistical analyses of microarray expression profiles. | with the availability of microarray technology, the expression profiles of thousands of genes can be monitored simultaneously to help determine the mechanisms of these biological processes. we conducted affymetrix genechip microarray analyses of the arabidopsis-cyst nematode interaction and employed a statistical procedure to analyze the resultant data, which allowed us to identify significant gene expression changes. quantitative real-time rt-pcr assays were used to confirm the microarray analy ... | 2003 | 12609032 |
| transformation of pythium aphanidermatum to geneticin resistance. | conditions for the production of protoplasts and gene transfer in pythium aphanidermatum were investigated. efficient protoplast generation was possible after culture of mycelium in potato dextrose broth followed by digestion with 0.5% (w/v) each of cellulase and beta- d-glucanase. plasmid phamt35n/sk encoding the nptii gene under control of the ham34 promoter from the oomycete bremia lactucae was used to define electroporation parameters for gene transfer. a square-wave electroporation pulse of ... | 2003 | 12612808 |
| hydrolysis of phytic acid and its availability in rabbits. | twenty weaned rabbits were fed ad libitum two granulated feeds containing lucerne meal, barley, oats, wheat bran, oilseed meals and sugarbeet pulp in different proportions. phytate p in these feeds represented 28.6 and 29.3 % of the total p. digestibility trials were carried out in rabbits 7 and 10 weeks old. digestibility of phytate p was 82.1 %, on average. apparent digestibility of total p was 48.1 and 35.5 % in rabbits aged 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. concentration of p in the faecal dm of ... | 2003 | 12628024 |
| antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase e1alpha subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility. | we hypothesized that cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in sugar beet may be the consequence of mitochondrial dysfunctions affecting normal anther development. to test the hypothesis, we attempted to mimic the sugar beet cms phenotype by inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh), which is essential for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. screening with a cdna library of sugar beet flower buds allowed the identification of two pdh e1alpha subunit genes ... | 2003 | 12662309 |
| new polygalacturonases from trichoderma reesei: characterization and their specificities to partially methylated and acetylated pectins. | two extracellular isoenzymes of polygalacturonases pg1 and pg2 were isolated from 3-day-old culture filtrates of trichoderma reesei. the two enzymes were purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. pg1 and pg2 exhibit similar molecular weights from gel filtration and sds-page. their properties, including optimal ph and temperature, thermal stability and km were compared. characterization of substrate specificity showed that the two enzyme ... | 2003 | 12668107 |
| metagenomes of complex microbial consortia derived from different soils as sources for novel genes conferring formation of carbonyls from short-chain polyols on escherichia coli. | metagenomic dna libraries from three different soil samples (meadow, sugar beet field, cropland) were constructed. the three unamplified libraries comprised approximately 1267000 independent clones and harbored approximately 4.05 gbp of environmental dna. approximately 300000 recombinant escherichia coli strains of each library per test substrate were screened for the production of carbonyls from short-chain (c2 to c4) polyols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and a mixture of glycerol and ... | 2003 | 12673061 |
| genetic profiling of noncultivated bacteria from the rhizospheres of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) reveal field and annual variability but no effect of a transgenic herbicide resistance. | in this field study, we compared the bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of a transgenic, herbicide-resistant sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cultivar with those of its nonengineered counterpart, using a genetic profiling technique based on pcr amplifications of partial 16s rrna gene sequences and single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp). as a control for the plasticity of the bacterial community, we also analyzed the influence of herbicides, the field heterogeneity, and the annual ... | 2003 | 12674342 |
| multiplex reverse transcription-pcr for simultaneous detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus, beet soilborne virus, and beet virus q and their vector polymyxa betae keskin on sugar beet. | three soilborne viruses transmitted by polymyxa betae keskin in sugar beet have been described: beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), the agent of rhizomania, beet soilborne virus (bsbv), and beet virus q (bvq). a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr technique was developed to simultaneously detect bnyvv, bsbv, and bvq, together with their vector, p. betae. the detection threshold of the test was up to 128 times greater than that of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. systematic association ... | 2003 | 12676720 |
| effect of subsoiling on the yield of sugar beet under conditions of rhizomania infection. | the rhizomania is known in hungary since 1982. the causal agent, beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (bnyvv) is transmitted by a soil-borne fungus polymyxa betae keskin. a field experiment was done under rhizomania infested and non-infested conditions to compare the yield parameters of five tolerant and four sensitive sugar beet hybrids. tolerant varieties produced higher root yield under rhizomania infected conditions. the root yields of the sensitive varieties were similar to the tolerant ones ... | 2002 | 12701439 |
| elevation of three subspecies of pectobacterium carotovorum to species level: pectobacterium atrosepticum sp. nov., pectobacterium betavasculorum sp. nov. and pectobacterium wasabiae sp. nov. | a collection of 42 strains belonging to the five subspecies of pectobacterium carotovorum (subspecies atrosepticum, betavasculorum, carotovorum, odoriferum and wasabiae) and 11 reference and type strains of biovars of pectobacterium chrysanthemi, pectobacterium cacticidum and brenneria paradisiaca were studied by dna-dna hybridization, numerical taxonomy of 120 phenotypic characteristics, serology and new phylogenetic analysis of previously reported sequences from a database of aligned 16s rdna ... | 2003 | 12710602 |
| the translation initiation factor eif1a is an important determinant in the tolerance to nacl stress in yeast and plants. | protein synthesis is very sensitive to nacl. however, the molecular targets responsible for this sensitivity have not been described. a cdna library of the halotolerant plant sugar beet was functionally screened in a sodium-sensitive yeast strain. we obtained a cdna clone (bveif1a) encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif1a. bveif1a was able to partially complement the yeast eif1a-deficient strain. overexpression of the sugar beet eif1a specifically increased the sodium and lith ... | 2003 | 12713533 |