| role of immunoblotting in the diagnosis of culture negative and enterococcal endocarditis. | serum samples from patients with endocarditis and septicaemia due to enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus bovis, and streptococcus sanguis were immunoblotted against antigenic extracts from all four species. in e faecalis endocarditis there was a strong igm response to e faecalis antigenic bands of 112, 88-90, and 45-47 kd and a strong igg response to 88-90 and 45-47 kd bands. in e faecium endocarditis there was a pronounced igg response to an e faecium band of 82-90 kd. fo ... | 1987 | 3119674 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-deazahomofolic acid and its tetrahydro derivative. | the syntheses of 8-deazahomofolic acid and its tetrahydro derivative, potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and other folate related enzymes, are described. wittig condensation of 2-acetamido-6-formyl-4-pyrimidinol with the triphenylphosphine ylide 3 derived from n-acetyl-4-(p-carbethoxyanilino)-1-chloro-2-butanone, hydrogenation of the enone intermediate 5, introduction of a 5-amino group via diazonium coupling, and reductive ring closure yielded ethyl n11-acetyl-8-deazahomopteroate ... | 1988 | 3121855 |
| thermodynamic characterization of the interactions of methotrexate with dihydrofolate reductase by quantitative affinity chromatography. | affinity chromatography on methotrexate-sepharose has been used to evaluate dissociation constants for interactions of methotrexate with dihydrofolate reductase from lactobacillus casei. equilibrium constants of 0.25 microm and 0.6 nm were obtained for dissociation of the inhibitor from the enzyme-methotrexate and enzyme-nadph-methotrexate complexes, respectively, these estimates being in good agreement with the corresponding published values for dihydrofolate reductase from streptococcus faeciu ... | 1988 | 3122765 |
| comparison of the post-antibiotic effect of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium with ampicillin alone or combined with streptomycin: studies on a novel type of antimicrobial interaction. | determination of post-antibiotic effect (pae) and time-kill studies were made with twelve strains of streptococcus faecalis and nine strains of streptococcus faecium, comparing the effect of ampicillin alone with a combination of ampicillin and streptomycin at achievable serum concentrations. bactericidal synergism (greater than or equal to one log10 decrease in viable counts) and prolongation in pae (greater than or equal to 0.5 h) were demonstrated in all streptomycin-susceptible strains (mini ... | 1987 | 3125717 |
| the effect of growth-promoting antibiotics on the faecal enterococci of healthy young chickens. | small groups of chickens were given feed containing either avoparcin, nitrovin, virginiamycin or zinc bacitracin from the day of their purchase as day-olds. differences between the birds receiving growth promoters and the untreated controls were observed during the last third of the 23 d survey period. the enterococcal population of the 'dosed' birds contained a greater proportion of enterococcus faecium than did that of the control birds while the converse was true for ent. gallinarum. this app ... | 1988 | 3127371 |
| establishment of a typing system for group d streptococci. | group d streptococci (n = 971, 4037 samples, 139 patients) were isolated from two intensive care units. differentiation and typing revealed 6 species, 25 phage types, and 85 enterococcinotypes. distribution of species showed strong differences especially concerning enterococcus faecium which was rarely isolated from extraintestinal sites (5.9%). phage typing was species specific and discriminated enterococcus faecalis (n = 703 typable isolates, 19 phage types) and the other group d streptococci ... | 1988 | 3131979 |
| synergistic effect of ampicillin or vancomycin in combination with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin against enterococci. | the extent of synergistic killing and duration of the post-antibiotic effect (pae) was evaluated in streptomycin-susceptible strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium with 20 mcg/ml of ampicillin or 10 mcg/ml of vancomycin in combination with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin (20, 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5 mcg/ml). the bactericidal activity or duration in recovery period declined progressively in a linear pattern with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin. one log10 or great ... | 1988 | 3132184 |
| impact of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on the bowel and vaginal flora after single-dose prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy. | the aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate the effect of a preoperative, single dose, intravenous injection of ceftriaxone 2g and cefotaxime 2g in 2 groups of 30 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy. the parameters were: efficacy and tolerance; impact on the aerobic bowel and vaginal flora; and serum concentrations. there were no significant differences in efficacy, haematology or clinical chemistry parameters. in the ceftriaxone group 2 patients had exanthemas, 2 had ... | 1988 | 3135167 |
| comparative killing activity and postantibiotic effect of streptomycin combined with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin or vancomycin against strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium. | nine strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium were studied with respect to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin, vancomycin and streptomycin. two strains were highly resistant (mic greater than or equal to 2,000 micrograms/ml) to streptomycin. evaluation and comparison of the killing activity with killing curves, and duration of the postantibiotic effect (pae) after exposure for 1 h with regrowth curves was done with combinations of antibiotics or alone. the overa ... | 1988 | 3138078 |
| differential methotrexate sensitivity: a test to distinguish enterococcus faecalis from enterococcus faecium. | | 1988 | 3143590 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of erythromycin, vancomycin and pristinamycin. | we have studied the in-vitro activity of erythromycin, vancomycin and pristinamycin against 1,006 clinical isolates comprising streptococci, staphylococci, neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus influenzae and anaerobes. in-vitro studies show pristinamycin to inhibit staphylococci and streptococci, including erythromycin highly-resistant organisms, at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.78 mg/l. although pristinamycin's mean mic for streptococci is higher than that of erythromycin, pristinamy ... | 1988 | 3146552 |
| laboratory detection of high-level aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol resistance in enterococcus spp. | methods for detection of high-level resistance to aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics were evaluated using 104 blood isolates of enterococci (97 enterococcus faecalis and 7 enterococcus faecium). kanamycin was used to predict resistance to amikacin. discrepancies between methods were resolved by time-kill studies. four methods (microscan, macrotube, microtiter, and disk diffusion) for detecting resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin were compared, using 51 consecutive strains. there were ... | 1988 | 3148633 |
| histamine formation by enterococci isolated from home-made goat cheeses. | a survey was made of the histamine-producing capability of enterococci isolated from goat cheeses. the strains, 130 streptococcus faecium and 106 s. faecalis, were grown in trypticase soy broth histidine medium (tsbh) at 35 degrees c for 24 h and the histamine formed was determined by fluorometry. forty-one (31.5%) of the s. faecium strains and 2 (1.9%) of the s. faecalis strains produced histamine. the largest amount detected was 4.0 micrograms histamine/ml tsbh. compared with the amounts of hi ... | 1988 | 3152802 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem in combination with newer quinolone derivatives. | the antibacterial activity of imipenem combined with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or ofloxacin against 43 gram-positive cocci and 53 aerobic gram-negative rods compared to results obtained with the combination of imipenem with amikacin. synergistic antibacterial action (defined as fic index less than or equal to 0.5) was found for 28% of strains with imipenem/amikacin and imipenem/norfloxacin, in 23% with imipenem/ofloxacin, and in 18% with imipenem/ciprofloxacin. antagonistic activity (fic index ... | 1988 | 3164670 |
| fecal streptococcal infection of commercial white pekin ducklings. | an acute septicemic disease was reported in 1-to-2-week-old white pekin ducklings on eight long island duck farms. gross lesions were primarily hepatomegaly and enlarged necrotic spleens. fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, and airsacculitis were observed in some birds. mortality ranged from 0.5 to 5%. streptococcus faecium was isolated from heart blood, livers, lungs, and spleens of sick or dead ducklings. serologically, all isolates belonged to lancefield serogroup d. the disease was reprod ... | 1988 | 3196274 |
| absence of autolytic activity (peptidoglycan nicking) in penicillin-induced nonlytic death in a group a streptococcus. | the extent of sublytic autolysin activity (peptidoglycan [pg] nicking) after exposure of exponentially growing cultures of a group a streptococcus (gas) to benzylpenicillin (peng) was studied by determining changes in the glycan chain length of pg polymers. the average pg chain length in isolated cell walls was estimated by calculating the ratio of the total hexosamine content (morgan-elson-reactive material) to reducing-end group content established via quantitation of [3h]borohydride reduction ... | 1988 | 3280551 |
| evaluation of bactericidal activity of cefotaxime and other beta-lactams by a novel method. | in previous studies on streptococcus faecium we proposed that the minimum beta-lactam concentration killing 99.9% of a bacterial population within 3 hours be defined as the minimum directly bactericidal concentration (mdbc) of that drug. in the present study we first evaluated the kinetics of cellular killing by various beta-lactams as related to penicillin-binding-protein (pbp) binding in escherichia coli dc2, a hyperpermeable mutant. we concluded that in e. coli the mdbc for beta-lactams coinc ... | 1988 | 3293978 |
| vancomycin-resistant streptococcaceae from clinical material. | three strains of vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci, belonging to the family streptococcaceae, were isolated from patient samples. two were identified as leuconostoc species, the other one as enterococcus (streptococcus) faecium. the clinical significance of vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria is discussed. | 1988 | 3376618 |
| covalent modification of the beta-1,4-n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase of streptococcus faecium with 5-mercaptouridine monophosphate. | purified beta-1,4-n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase (muramidase-1; ec 3.2.1.17) of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 has been shown to be covalently substituted with approximately 12 mol equivalents of monomeric 5-mercaptouridine monophosphate. all 12 residues are present on the proteolytically processed 87-kda active form of the enzyme. a peptide fragment containing 5-mercaptouridine, tyrosine, alanine, glycine, and leucine was isolated consistent with an o-phosphate linkage of the nucleotide to tyrosine ... | 1988 | 3413115 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of beta-lactams against streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium are associated with saturation of different penicillin-binding proteins. | the mics and mbcs of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, and methicillin were evaluated against a streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium wild-type strain and against three mutants hyperproducing pbp 5 in cells incubated at both optimal and suboptimal temperatures. in the wild-type strain grown at optimal temperature, the mbcs of all beta-lactams were significantly greater than the mics (bacteriostatic effect). as opposed to this, in the same cells grown at suboptimal temperature and in the m ... | 1987 | 3435109 |
| inhibition of beta-lactam antibiotics at two different times in the cell cycle of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790. | treatment of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 with sublytic concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics revealed two different division blocks in the cell division cycle. one block, induced by n-formimidoyl thienamycin and methicillin, occurred before the completion of chromosome replication, whereas the other, induced by cefoxitin and cephalothin, took place later in the cycle. in addition, these antibiotics gave rise to distinct morphological forms; the antibiotics acting at the earlier block poi ... | 1986 | 3456343 |
| [fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. | imipenem (mk-0787), a new carbapenem antibiotic, combined with cilastatin sodium (mk-0791), was studied clinically and microbiologically. the following results were obtained: concentrations of mk-0787 in the plasma and internal genital tissues were measured at 1 hour after an intravenous drip infusion of mk-0787/mk-0791 (500 mg/500 mg) for 30 minutes. mean plasma levels higher than 11.8 micrograms/ml and mean tissue levels higher than 2.3 micrograms/g were observed. when its mic values are consi ... | 1986 | 3463784 |
| imipenem-cilastatin sodium, a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic combination. | the chemistry, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, place in therapy, cost-effectiveness, and formulary considerations of imipenem-cilastatin sodium are reviewed. imipenem is the first carbapenem antibiotic of the thienamycin class to be used clinically. imipenem has the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity of currently available beta-lactam agents and, in contrast to other beta-lactam antib ... | 1986 | 3530614 |
| buoyant density variation during the cell cycle in microorganisms. | the behavior of cell buoyant density during the cell cycle has been determined for a number of different cell types, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. mean buoyant density was extremely constant and independent of cell age during the cell cycle of the bacterium escherichia coli, the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae, the protozoan amoebae proteus, cells from suspension cell cultures of mouse lymphoma and myeloma, and chinese hamster ovary cells. in all of these cases, th ... | 1987 | 3549158 |
| in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. an overview. | a review of european data published before july 1986 and data from the authors' laboratory showed very similar activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria in all studies. mean minimal inhibitory concentrations against 50 percent (mic50) and 90 percent (mic90) of staphylococcal strains were 0.32 and 0.59 mg/liter, respectively. the drug was equally active against staphylococcal strains resistant and susceptible to methicillin and/or gentamicin. the range of mic50 and mic90 values for ... | 1987 | 3555058 |
| [exclusive medical treatment of a single hepatic abscess caused by streptococcus faecium]. | | 1987 | 3561090 |
| 7-hydro-8-methylpteroylglutamylglutamic acid, a new anti-folate from an actinomycete. fermentation, isolation, structure and biological activity. | a new anti-folate, 7-hydro-8-methylpteroylglutamylglutamic acid, was isolated from the culture broth of a soil actinomycete. the antibiotic inhibited the growth of enterococcus faecium which requires folic acid. the inhibitory action was reversed by thymidine or excess amounts of folate-related compounds such as pteroic acid, folic acid, dihydrofolic acid and leucovorin. it inhibited thymidylate synthase from e. faecium, bacillus subtilis and ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. | 1987 | 3570977 |
| intergeneric protoplast fusion between fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium for enhancing dehydrodivanillin degradation. | intergeneric protoplast fusion between fusobacterium varium (pcs glu+) and enterococcus faecium (pcr glu-) was performed under strictly anaerobic conditions to improve dehydrodivanillin (ddv) degradation. the fusion frequency obtained from the selective medium (pc+ glu-) was about 0.9 x 10(-5) to 1.3 x 10(-5). the seven fusants isolated were all gram-negative anaerobes with rod shapes like that of f. varium and with main phenotypical properties of cocci like those of e. faecium such as esculin a ... | 1987 | 3579269 |
| streptococcus faecium mutants that are temperature sensitive for cell growth and show alterations in penicillin-binding proteins. | the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of 209 cell division (or growth) temperature-sensitive mutants of streptococcus faecium were analyzed in this study. a total of nine strains showed either constitutive or temperature-sensitive conditional damage in the pbps. analysis of these nine strains yielded the following results: one carried a pbp 1 constitutively showing a lower molecular weight; one constitutively lacked pbp 2; two lacked pbp 3 at 42 degrees c, but not at 30 degrees c; one was norma ... | 1987 | 3584060 |
| dna-free liposome-assisted transfection of streptococcus faecium sf 77r protoplasts. | two virulent phages of streptococcus faecium sf 77r were used in dna-free liposome assisted polyethylene-glycol-mediated protoplast transfection. this procedure, established to develop an effective gene-cloning system, optimized the conditions for dna uptake by the protoplasts of str. faecium. transfection frequencies of up to 10(7)-10(8) p.f.u./microgram of dna were achieved. | 1987 | 3587062 |
| folate analogues. 30. synthesis and biological evaluation of n10-propargyl-5,8-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid and related compounds. | the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro derivative (1) of the powerful thymidylate synthase inhibitor n10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (pddf) has been synthesized and evaluated for its antifolate activity. a convenient method for the preparation of the key intermediate 2-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline (18) is described. two closely related analogues of 1 were also synthesized and evaluated for their antifolate activity and thymidylate synthase inhibition. n10-propargyl-5,8-didea ... | 1987 | 3599032 |
| changes in antimicrobial resistance in fecal bacteria associated with pig transit and holding times at slaughter plants. | fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and antimicrobial resistance (amr) associated with various pig transit and holding times were investigated at slaughter plants. changes in the relative abundance of two biotypes of streptococcus faecium were associated with transit and holding of pigs, although approximately 20% of the isolates were unidentified. the greatest variety of coliforms was isolated from porcine feces after short transit (2 h) or holding (3 h) times and was qualitatively similar to ... | 1987 | 3606107 |
| induction of autolysis in streptococcus faecium. | autolysis of exponential-phase streptococcus faecium cells was promoted by pretreating the bacteria (freezing-thawing; -70 degrees c) in tris buffer, followed by incubation at 37 degrees c in the same buffer. the effect was dependent on tris concentration. the pretreatment provoked ultrastructurally visible damage with extensive loss of k+ and leakage of uv-absorbing components. no autolysis was observed when the bacteria frozen-thawed in tris were incubated in the presence of the autolysin inhi ... | 1987 | 3655738 |
| penicillin tolerance in streptococcus faecium atcc 9790. | tolerant strains of streptococcus faecium had higher levels of muramidase 2 and lower levels of trypsinactivable muramidase 1 than did susceptible strains. susceptible strains lysed faster than did tolerant strains in buffer and at some antibiotic concentrations. the addition of triton x-100 produced equal lysis rates for susceptible and tolerant cultures. | 1987 | 3662476 |
| omphalitis and peritonitis in a young west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | mortality data for the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) indicates that from 1979 to 1984 16% of the recorded deaths involved young juveniles. necropsy of a young manatee from the west coast of florida revealed an active infection of the umbilical area (omphalitis) extending down the umbilical artery and veins. a generalized peritonitis was present. bacterial cultures revealed streptococcus faecium, plesiomonas shigelloides, pseudomonas putrefaciens and escherichia coli. | 1987 | 3682102 |
| effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of porcine faecal streptococcaceae. | breeding pigs and one-half of their progeny were fed antimicrobial-free rations; the other half of the progeny received rations supplemented with 100 g of chlortetracycline (ctc)/ton. effects of dietary ctc with respect to the distribution of species and biotypes of faecal gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. diversity of antimicrobial resistance (amr) patterns and modal amr patterns were determined for bacterial species common to all three g ... | 1986 | 3700277 |
| gordon memorial lecture. the biologists' debt to the domestic fowl. | although it is highly desirable to reduce the need for experiments with animals, in vitro methods cannot entirely supplant them. observations made in simple systems must be checked in a live subject if they are to be relevant to man or other higher animals. young growing chicks are very susceptible to vitamin deficiencies. biological assays in chicks have been used to check the validity of chemical and microbiological methods of measuring vitamins in foods. experiments with chicks and chick embr ... | 1986 | 3708405 |
| effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of broiler faecal streptococcaceae. | a breeder flock and a control group of progeny birds were fed antimicrobial-free rations; a second group of progeny received rations supplemented with 50 g chlortetracycline (ctc)/ton. effects of dietary ctc on the distribution of species and biotypes of faecal gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. antimicrobial resistance (amr) pattern diversity and modal amr patterns were determined for bacterial species common to all three groups. numerical ... | 1986 | 3710942 |
| relationship of shape to initiation of new sites of envelope growth in streptococcus faecium cells treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. | exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium were treated with concentrations of ampicillin and cephalothin which, over 60 min, had little effect on increase in culture mass but resulted in about a 65% inhibition of increase in cell numbers. the resulting drug-treated cells underwent about a doubling in cell mass and volume above that of the untreated cells. the newly divided cells produced in the presence of drugs were shown to be due to the division of central or primary sites of envelope ... | 1986 | 3733671 |
| in streptococcus faecium penicillin-binding protein 5 alone is sufficient for growth at sub-maximal but not at maximal rate. | in streptococcus faecium inhibition by both benzylpenicillin and cefotaxime of cells growing at maximal and at reduced rates was associated with saturation of different penicillin-binding proteins. cells growing at reduced rates were not inhibited by benzylpenicillin concentrations that saturated all penicillin-binding proteins except penicillin-binding protein 5, but did stop growing when this protein was saturated. | 1986 | 3734749 |
| comparison of effects of penicillin minimal inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentration on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecium does not support the view that antibiotic sub-inhibitory concentrations can specifically interfere with bacterial virulence. | the effect of minimal (mic) and sub-minimal (sub-mic) inhibitory concentrations of penicillin on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecium were compared. it was found that similar alterations in both cell shape and ultrastructure were found in the presence of penicillin mic and sub-mics, the only difference being that while in the presence of penicillin mic all individual cells were altered, in the presence of sub-mics the damaged portion was smaller the lower the penicillin concentration ... | 1986 | 3747854 |
| studies on the structure and mechanism of streptococcus faecium l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase. | an fad-containing l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase has been purified to homogeneity from streptococcus faecium. the purified protein exists as a dimer (subunit mr = 65,000); each subunit contains 1 mol of fad. the enzyme contains no iron, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase reacts reversibly with sulfite to form a covalent n(5) adduct; it preferentially binds the anionic form of the native oxidized fad, and it also stabilizes the p-quinonoid form o ... | 1986 | 3771536 |
| protoplast formation and regeneration of dehydrodivanillin-degrading strains of fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium. | two strains of rumen anaerobes isolated from dehydrodivanillin-degrading cultures were identified as fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium. these organisms degraded dehydrodivanillin synergistically to 5-carboxymethylvanillin and vanillic acid. specific conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration for both bacteria were determined, under strictly anaerobic conditions, to be as follows. the cell wall of each bacterium in yeast extract medium was loosened by adding penici ... | 1986 | 3777921 |
| autoradiographic studies of chromosome replication during the cell cycle of streptococcus faecium. | analysis of the distribution of autoradiographic grains around cells of streptococcus faecium which had been either continuously or pulse-labeled with tritiated thymidine (mass doubling time, 90 min) showed a non-poisson distribution even when the distribution of cell sizes in the populations studied was taken into account. these non-poisson distributions of grains were assumed to reflect the discontinuous nature of chromosome replication. to study this discontinuous process further, we fitted a ... | 1986 | 3782014 |
| cadmium uptake by growing cells of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the present study evaluates the effect of the cadmium (cd2+) on the growth and protein synthesis of some gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and streptococcus faecium) and gram-negative (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and the cadmium uptake by the same micro-organisms. the gram-negative bacteria tested were less sensitive to metal ions than the gram-positive, and p. aeruginosa was the most resistant. the gram-negative bacteria were also able to accumula ... | 1986 | 3796301 |
| cell cycle changes in the buoyant density of exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium. | cell buoyant densities were determined by centrifugation in percoll gradients containing exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 grown at a mass doubling time of about 33 min. this bacterium showed the highest average density values (1.13 g/ml) measured to date for any eucaryotic or procaryotic organism. fractions having the highest densities were enriched with cells that were in the process of dividing or had just divided. these high-density fractions were also enriched with ... | 1987 | 3818544 |
| a cdna clone for the precursor of rat mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase: comparison of rat and human leader sequences and conservation of catalytic sites. | we have cloned a dna complementary to the messenger rna encoding the precursor of ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver. this complementary dna contains the entire protein coding region of 1062 nucleotides and 86 nucleotides of 5'- and 298 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequences. the predicted amino acid sequence has been confirmed by extensive protein sequence data. the mature rat enzyme contains the same number of amino acid residues (322) as the human enzyme and their amino acid sequence ... | 1985 | 3839075 |
| diazaquinomycin a, a new antifolate antibiotic, inhibits thymidylate synthase. | the inhibitory effect of diazaquinomycin a (dqm) on the growth of enterococcus faecium was completely reversed by thymidine. relatively large amounts of folate, dihydrofolate or leucovorin also reversed the activity of dqm. dqm showed cytotoxicity against vero and raji cells and the cytotoxicity was partially reversed by leucovorin or thymidine. with enzyme experiments, it was found that dqm inhibits tmp synthases from e. faecium and ehrlich ascites carcinoma competitively with 5,10-methylenetet ... | 1985 | 3840154 |
| one or two low affinity penicillin-binding proteins may be responsible for the range of susceptibility of enterococcus faecium to benzylpenicillin. | three benzylpenicillin-resistant, clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium (mic values 16-64 micrograms ml-1) contained six penicillin-binding proteins (pbps), of which pbp5 was the most abundant and had the lowest affinity for the antibiotic. four benzylpenicillin-susceptible strains (mic values 0.031-0.5 microgram ml-1) were obtained as spontaneous derivatives from these above organisms. there were significant decreases in the amounts of pbp5 in each of the derivatives, with the concomitant a ... | 1985 | 3850924 |
| transition from resistance to hypersusceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics associated with loss of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein in a streptococcus faecium mutant highly resistant to penicillin. | penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 5 of streptococcus faecium has been shown to have a very low affinity for penicillin, and this pbp was suggested to be responsible for both the natural low susceptibility and high resistance to the antibiotic in this species (r. fontana, r. cerini, p. longoni, a. grossato, and p. canepari, j. bacteriol. 155:1343-1350, 1983). in this study, an s. faecium mutant (rev 14) hypersusceptible to penicillin was derived from the highly resistant s. faecium r40 treated wit ... | 1985 | 3853962 |
| soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers stimulate monocyte-macrophage inflammatory functions. | soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers are released by gram-positive bacteria when beta-lactam antibiotics are administered to humans. in this report, we show that this type of peptidoglycan can stimulate monocyte-macrophage functions that cause inflammation. non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers from penicillin-treated streptococcus faecium were purified and shown to stimulate the production of interleukin 1 by human monocytes and of colony-stimulating factors by a murine macrophage ... | 1985 | 3875561 |
| some effects of streptococcus faecium m 74 in piglets. | | 1985 | 3887327 |
| gram-positive superinfections following beta-lactam chemotherapy: the significance of the enterococcus. | the recent literature was reviewed with regard to the risks of superinfection following beta-lactam chemotherapy. the summary publications for the pseudomonas-active penicillins (azlocillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin), cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem and moxalactam show marked variations. moxalactam was most likely to produce both gram-negative (5-38%) and enterococcal (2.2-12%) superinfections. ceftazidime or moxalactam therapy was more often assoc ... | 1985 | 3902652 |
| efficiency of various bacterial suspensions derived from cecal floras of conventional chickens in reducing the population level of salmonella typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice and chicken intestines. | the antagonistic effect exerted towards salmonella typhimurium by the flora issued from conventional chickens was studied in gnotobiotic animals. in germfree chickens and mice inoculated with s. typhimurium, the highest bacterial counts were observed in ceca, and were not significantly different in either host. the protection afforded by the inoculation of cecal flora issued from a conventional chicken was more effective when this flora was inoculated first into germfree chickens than when it wa ... | 1985 | 3910208 |
| inhibition of small intestinal colonization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by streptococcus faecium m74 in pigs. | colonizing and anti e. coli activity of s. faecium m74 was tested by oral inoculation of cesarean derived, colostrum deprived piglets with streptococcus faecium m74 and subsequently with a heat stable enterotoxin (st) producing e. coli (o101 : k30 : k99 : nm). enterotoxin neutralization and co-culture studies were also performed in vitro. bacterial counts in 10 cm ileal segments, fluorescein antibody stained cryostat sections, as well as 0.5 micron sections from the ilea of the experimental pigs ... | 1985 | 3913250 |
| susceptibility of enterococci to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | the in vitro activities of trimethoprim (tmp), alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole (smx), against 131 clinical isolates of enterococci, 126 streptococcus faecalis isolates, and 5 streptococcus faecium isolates were determined by a broth microdilution method with mueller-hinton broth that was substantially free of inhibitory substances. the geometric mean mic of tmp for strains of s. faecalis was 0.164 micrograms/ml (range, 0.03 to 8 micrograms/ml), with a geometric mean mbc of 0.298 m ... | 1985 | 3920958 |
| antibacterial activity of imipenem: the first thienamycin antibiotic. | imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) is the first representative of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics--the carbapenems. imipenem has an unusually broad spectrum, high potency, and no cross-resistance with other beta-lactam antibiotics. susceptible gram-negative species include pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia, and enterobacter. activity is high against staphylococcus aureus, most group d streptococci, and staphylococcus epidermidis but is variable against methicillin-resistant s. aureus. im ... | 1985 | 3931196 |
| binding of methotrexate to dihydrofolate reductase and its relation to protonation of the ligand. | stopped-flow spectrophotometry and stopped-flow fluorometry have been used to study the binding of methotrexate (mtx) and 3-deazamethotrexate (3-deazamtx) to dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) isoenzymes from streptococcus faecium and from lactobacillus casei. the absorbance change and fluorescence quenching that occur when mtx binds to dhfr isoenzyme ii from s. faecium (sfdhfr ii) are both biphasic and give similar apparent rate constants for both phases. the faster phase has an apparent rate const ... | 1985 | 3933559 |
| [typing of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium strains with bacteriophages]. | with a set of 17 bacteriophages specific for streptococcus faecalis and a set of 7 bacteriophages specific for streptococcus faecium 441 strains of s. faecalis and 53 strains of s. faecium were typed. the species identification was done by means of the api 20 strep system. for s. faecalis 22 and for s. faecium 12 lysotypes were found. among s. faecalis strains lysotype v6b was most common (27%), followed by the lysotypes xv (9,5%), xiii1 (7%), ii1 (5,7%), and i1 (4,3%). these 5 lysotypes compris ... | 1985 | 3936307 |
| arthropathic properties of cell wall polymers from normal flora bacteria. | peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (pg-ps) fragments were purified from cell walls of group d streptococci (streptococcus faecium, strains atcc 9790 and f-24) with a protocol which minimizes autolytic activity and tested for ability to induce arthritis in rats. pg-ps fragments from cell walls of other normal flora bacteria (peptostreptococcus productus, and propionibacterium acnes), group a streptococci, and pseudomurein-ps fragments from cell walls of methanobacterium formicicum, were similarly purif ... | 1986 | 3940996 |
| purification of streptococcus faecium penicillin binding protein 5, a multifunctional penicillin-binding protein. | penicillin-binding protein 5 of streptococcus faecium has been solubilized and partially separated from other membrane proteins by covalent affinity chromatography. pbp 5 was successively purified to homogeneity by resolution on sds-polyacrylamide gel, elution and renaturation of penicillin-binding activity. the purification procedure does not alter the properties that the protein exhibits in the membranous environment. | 1986 | 3951364 |
| shifting of the penicillin binding proteins that are the target for inhibition by beta-lactams as a likely mechanism of resistance to antibiotics during therapy. | the penicillin binding proteins (pbps) that in streptococcus faecium are the targets for inhibitory activity of beta-lactam antibiotics were analyzed both in cells growing at their fastest and at reduced rates. it was found that while under the former conditions the pbps showed the highest affinity for penicillin, under the latter the target is shifted to pbp (pbp5) that has a very low affinity for penicillin and other beta-lactams. the possibility that conditions met by enterococci in human inf ... | 1985 | 3986940 |
| sites of wall synthesis in streptococcus faecium. | | 1985 | 4004148 |
| effect of growth temperature on lipid composition of streptococcus faecium. | the effect of growth temperature on the lipid and fatty acid composition of streptococcus faecium has been studied. no differences in the qualitative composition of s. faecium lipids were observed. in all isolated fractions (neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids plus other polar lipids), the major fatty acids were palmitic (c-16:0), palmitoleic (c-16:1), octadecenoic (c-18:1), and cyclopropane (c-19:0). changes in the fatty acid composition of the different fractions were observed which ... | 1985 | 4005717 |
| growth inhibition of streptococcus mutans by cellular extracts of human intestinal lactic acid bacteria. | the in vitro growth of streptococcus mutans was completely inhibited by water-soluble extracts from cells of various intestinal lactic acid bacteria identified as streptococcus faecium, streptococcus equinus, lactobacillus fermentum, and lactobacillus salivarius. the growth inhibition was dependent on the concentrations of the extracts. in contrast, the extracts did not inhibit the growth of the major indigenous intestinal lactic acid bacteria isolated from humans. these lactic acid bacteria wer ... | 1985 | 4030098 |
| screening for new antifolates of microbial origin and a new antifolate am-8402. | a screening method was established for new specific inhibitors of folate metabolism. culture broths of soil isolates were selected based on relative microbial activity. a culture, to be retained, must be active against enterococcus faecium grown in a medium which contains a limited amount of pteroic acid but lacks activity against the microorganism grown in a medium supplemented with thymidine. by this screening method, three new antibiotics, diazaquinomycins a and b and am-8402 were selected fr ... | 1985 | 4044404 |
| respiratory superinfections after the use of third-generation cephem antibiotics. | this paper is a report on our studies on superinfections in respiratory tract infections treated during the years 1981-1984. the isolated strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods such as pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to third-generation cephem antibiotics. these organisms proved to be widely distributed in hospitals and were frequently isolated from the sputum, excised lung ... | 1985 | 4055061 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase transport system of streptococcus mutans: purification of hpr and enzyme i and determination of their intracellular concentrations by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. | enzyme i and hpr, the general proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system, play a pivotal role in the control of sugar utilization in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. to determine whether growth conditions could modify the rate of biosynthesis of these proteins in streptococcus mutans, we first purified to homogeneity enzyme i and hpr from s. mutans atcc 27352. using specific antibodies obtained against these proteins, we determined by rocket electrophoresis the ... | 1985 | 4066033 |
| role of isomerization of initial complexes in the binding of inhibitors to dihydrofolate reductase. | stopped-flow measurements of protein fluorescence quenching when methotrexate (mtx) binds to dihydrofolate reductase (isoenzyme ii) of streptococcus faecium (sfdhfr ii) analyze as the sum of two differentials: a rapid binding phase and a second phase for which the observed rate constant is independent of methotrexate concentration. analysis of variation of the ratio of the amplitude of the fast and slow phases with methotrexate concentration indicates that the second phase is an isomerization of ... | 1985 | 4074660 |
| cross-resistance and collateral susceptibility to antifolic antimalarial compounds. | series of strains of streptococcus faecium atcc 8043, lactobacillus casei atcc 7469, and pediococcus cerevisiae atcc 8081 with increasing resistance to the active antifolate antimalarial drugs chlorguanide triazine (cgt), pyrimethamine (pm), and trimethoprim (tmp) were isolated. these mutant strains, stable for at least 3 to 5 years, were examined for cross-resistance and collateral susceptibility to the above compounds and to methotrexate (mtx). generally, they exhibited cross-resistance to all ... | 1972 | 4208273 |
| inactivation of dried bacteria and bacterial spores by means of gamma irradiation at high temperatures. | dried preparations with streptococcus faecium, strain a(2)1, and spores of bacillus sphaericus, strain c(i)a, normally used for control of the microbiological efficiency of radiation sterilization plants and preparations with spores of bacillus subtilis, normally used for control of sterilization by dry heat, formalin, and ethylene oxide, as well as similar preparations with micrococcus radiodurans, strain r(1), and spores of bacillus globigii (b. subtilis, var. niger) were gamma irradiated with ... | 1974 | 4208509 |
| triterpenoid carotenoids and related lipids. the triterpenoid carotenes of streptococcus faecium unh 564p. | 1. the occurrence of a novel series of triterpenoid carotenes in streptococcus faecium unh 564p is reported. 2. this series, which comprises the c(30) analogues of phytoene, phytofluene, zeta-carotene, 7,8,11,12-tetrahydrolycopene and neurosporene, appears to be analogous to the c(40) porter-lincoln series and a pathway of triterpenoid carotene dehydrogenation is proposed to account for the formation of these compounds. 3. two cis isomers of the c(30) analogue of neurosporene are described. 4. a ... | 1974 | 4212486 |
| triterpenoid carotenoids and related lipids. triterpenoid monohydroxy- and monoglucosyloxy-carotenoids from streptococcus faecium unh 564p. | 1. the characterization of two novel triterpenoid xanthophylls occurring in streptococcus faecium unh 564p is described. 2. both are derived formally, and probably biosynthetically, from the c(30) analogue of neurosporene and have been identified as 4-hydroxy-4,4'-diaponeurosporene and its glucoside, 4-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4,4'-diaponeurosporene. 3. problems associated with the use of specific glucosidases in defining the anomerism of carotenoid glucosides are discussed. | 1974 | 4212487 |
| development of a selective enterococcus medium based on manganese ion deficiency, sodium azide, and alkaline ph. | rogosa broth, without its salt supplement and dissolved in deionized water, was adapted for the selective isolation and enumeration of enterococci. this medium supported good growth of enterococci, but it suppressed growth of other lactic acid bacteria. the sensitivity and specificity of the medium were tested after addition of various increasing concentrations of nan(3) against known strains of enterococci and other bacteria. many strains of streptococcus faecium showed low azide tolerance; opt ... | 1974 | 4214072 |
| improved isolation and differentiation of enterococci in cheese. | further documentation of an enterococcus selective differential (esd) medium was obtained in isolations from eight different cheeses. an improved differentiation of tetrazolium salt (2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium hydrochloride [ttc])-reducing strains of streptococcus faecalis from ttc-nonreducing or ttc-faintly-reducing streptococcus faecium was attained. the sensitivity of the medium was evaluated in comparison with that of kf streptococcal, pfizer selective enterococcus (pse), the medium of re ... | 1974 | 4214236 |
| purification and properties of a bacteriophage receptor material from streptococcus faecium. | | 1966 | 4289926 |
| activities of arginine dihydrolase and phosphatase in streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium. | strains of streptococcus faecalis and s. faecium are known to produce ammonia from arginine, but only s. faecalis couples the adenosine triphosphate (atp) produced through the arginine dihydrolase pathway to growth processes. the specific activities of the arginine dihydrolase enzymes were found to be much lower in s. faecium (0.01 to 0.10) than in s. faecalis (0.24 to 1.60). phosphatase activities in both strains were similar (up to 0.11), but equaled or exceeded the activities of the arginine ... | 1968 | 4300895 |
| methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase of the amethopterin-resistant strain streptococcus faecium var. durans a and its repressibility by serine. | the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase of the amethopterin-resistant strain streptococcus faecium var. durans a(k) was purified 100-fold. because it is extremely labile, this enzyme required protection by 1 mm nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadp(+)) during purification; 0.01 mm eadp(+) with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin stabilized the purified enzyme during storage at -20 c. although the enzyme has properties of sulfhydryl enzymes, thiol compounds were not stabilizers. oxidation ... | 1968 | 4384970 |
| folate reductase of the amethopterin-resistant streptococcus faecium var. durans-ak. i. inhibition by amethopterin and methasquin, a new quinazoline antifolate. | | 1970 | 4393363 |
| dihydrofolate reductase activity in strains of streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methasquin and amethopterin. | resistance to the antifolates methasquin and amethopterin has been studied in new strains of streptococcus faecium var. durans. two methasquin-resistant strains (sf/mq, sf/mq(t)) and an amethopterin-resistant strain (sf/am) were selected independently from the wild-type s. faecium var. durans (sf/o). sf/mq(t) is a thymine auxotroph. total dihydrofolate reductase activity was elevated in each of the resistant strains. the greatest increase (36-fold) was observed in extracts of sf/am. the methasqu ... | 1972 | 4401600 |
| comparative resistance of nonsporogenic bacteria to low-temperature gamma irradiation. | a total of 36 microorganisms, comprising 19 species of 11 genera, were screened for radiation resistance with (60)co gamma rays at a radiation temperatore of -80 +/- 2 c in phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) under vacuum. micrococcus radiodurans was the most resistant organism. an initial population of 2.8 x 10(5) cells per dose of this species survived 2.4 but not 2.7 mrad. of the remaining 18 species with initial populations of about 10(6) cells per dose, streptococcus faecium survived 0.9 to 1.5 mrad, ... | 1973 | 4572982 |
| antibacterial effect of cysteine-nitrosothiol and possible percursors thereof. | the postulated intermediate of nitrite-myoglobin reaction, cysteine-nitrosothiol, was prepared and its antibacterial effect was tested on salmonella strains, streptococcus faecium, and spores and vegetative cells of clostridium sporogenes. cysteine-nitrosothiol showed a higher inhibitory effect than nitrite. preliminary results on the effect of simultaneous use of nitrite and cysteine on clostridium sporogenes spores were also presented. | 1974 | 4589130 |
| amino-acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant mutant of streptococcus faecium and identification of methionine residues at the inhibitor binding site. | the amino-acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase (7,8-dihydrofolate:nadp(+) oxidoreductase, ec 1.5.1.4) from s. faecium var durans strain a is reported, and methionine residues 28 and 50 are shown to be protected by the inhibitor aminopterin from carboxymethylation by iodoacetate which occurs in absence of the inhibitor. comparison of the sequence with that of the escherichia coli reductase reveals two domains of considerable homology, one (the n-terminal region) presumably concerned with dihy ... | 1974 | 4606202 |
| enterococci in insects. | enterococci were obtained from 213 of 403 insects cultured during a 14-month period, in numbers from 10(3) to 3 x 10(7)/g of insect. insects were taken only from nonurban, wild, and cultivated fields and woods. in species of insects carrying them, enterococci were not always present in every individual cultured, and often more than one species of enterococcus occurred within a species. enterococci were obtained from certain insects taken in the field during the dormant season, suggesting their r ... | 1972 | 4628796 |
| growth of streptococcus faecium in the presence of lysozyme. | streptococcus faecium can grow normally in the presence of lysozyme, despite the observation that cell suspensions of the organism are lysed readily by the enzyme. growth in the presence of lysozyme is not due to resistant cells, and the culture is lysed after growth if the ph of the medium is not allowed to drop too low for lysozyme activity. growth followed by lysis in the presence of lysozyme was not exhibited by other organisms tested which were either significantly more resistant or more se ... | 1972 | 4631915 |
| metabolic control of synthesis of the different forms of dihydrofolate reductase of the amethopterin-resistant streptococcus faecium var. durans a k . | | 1972 | 4650605 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus bovis and other group d streptococci causing endocarditis. | seventy-four strains of streptococcus bovis and 35 strains of enterococci (streptococcus faecalis and its varieties, streptococcus faecium and streptococcus durans), most of which were isolated from patients with endocarditis, were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalothin, vancomycin, methicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) ... | 1974 | 4840433 |
| protein initiation without folate in streptococcus faecium. | | 1969 | 4890601 |
| filterability of streptococcal l-forms. | the filterability of the broth-grown stable l-form derived from streptococcus faecium f24 was tested by filtration under the influence of varying amounts of applied pressure. a decrease in the pore size of the filter resulted in a corresponding decrease in viable count, but no major effect was noted due to the different pressures applied. serial filtration of a deoxyribonuclease-treated l-form culture in the mid-logarithmic phase of growth resulted in recovery of viable l-forms from the 0.45-mum ... | 1971 | 4925122 |
| growth of streptococcal protoplasts and l-colonies on membrane filters. | membrane filters (millipore corp.; pore sizes 1.2 to 0.22 mum) were placed on the surface of l-phase growth medium solidified with agar. the filter and the surrounding medium were inoculated with either protoplasts or stable broth-grown l-phase variants obtained from streptococcus faecium strain f24. the l-phase inoculum gave rise to viable l-colonies on the filters and on the medium, whereas protoplasts gave colony formation only on the medium. however, when the millipore filters were covered b ... | 1971 | 4925193 |
| evidence for the requirement of methionyl trna modification for in vitro polypeptide initiation in streptococcus faecium. | | 1971 | 4934600 |
| differentiation of streptococcus faecalis andrewes and horder and streptococcus faecium orla-jensen based on the amino acid composition of their murein. | the amino acid composition of the murein (peptidoglycan) of 75 strains of enterococci was investigated. all strains designated streptococcus faecalis according to their physiological properties contained the lysine-alanine type of murein; all strains classified as s. faecium contained the lysine-aspartic acid type of murein. | 1968 | 4972913 |
| vitamin b6-amino acid-peptide interrelationships in streptococcus faecium 0 51. | | 1970 | 4988977 |
| induction of enterococcal l-forms by the action of lysozyme. | suspensions of enterococci were treated with lysozyme in the presence of osmotic stabilizers. the resulting osmotically fragile bodies prepared from streptococcus faecium strain f24 and s. faecalis strain e1 gave rise to l-forms under optimal osmotic and nutritional conditions for treatment and subsequent growth. the most critical component of the growth medium, to obtain maximum yields, was the nature and concentration of the added salt. the two most effective salts were sodium chloride and amm ... | 1970 | 4990848 |
| folate replacement by tetrahydrohomopteroate in triazine-resistant bacteria. | tetrahydrohomopteroate, which inhibits the growth of streptococcus faecium (streptococcus faecalis atcc 8043), replaces folate as a growth factor in chlorguanide triazine-resistant strains of this organism. | 1971 | 5000309 |
| levels of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase in strains of streptococcus faecium resistant to substituted pyrimidines, triazines and mtx. | | 1971 | 5002296 |
| 2,4-diamino-6-arylethylpteridines as streptococcus faecium growth inhibitors. | | 1971 | 5003787 |
| selection and characterization of mutant strains of streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methasquin and amethopterin. | | 1972 | 5014779 |
| inorganic pyrophosphatase of streptococcus faecium f24. | | 1972 | 5018696 |
| purification and properties of dihydrofolate reductase from an amethopterin-resistant strain of streptococcus faecium. | | 1972 | 5021603 |