| protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. | clinical studies of 6- and 12-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines were carried out in controlled studies among novice gold miners in south africa. in the studies 1,523 persons received pneumococcal vaccine, and 3,171 were included as controls. in the great majority of subjects given pneumococcal vaccine, antibodies developed against the capsular types included in the vaccine. the 6-valent vaccine afforded 76% reduction in cases of laboratory-verified pneumococcal pneumonia cause ... | 1977 | 21973 |
| participation of diplococcus pneumonia in bacterial infections in patients with chronic bronchitis with reference to their sensitivity to tetracyclines and the histopathological picture of bronchial mucosa. | | 1977 | 22066 |
| differential effect of parenteral zinc on the course of various bacterial infections. | | 1977 | 22081 |
| influence of cobra venom (cof) and pneumococcal s iii capsular polysaccharide on immunologic humoral response and visceral distribution of antigens. | the immunologic response to sheep erythrocytes was compared in mice treated with cobra venom (cof) and with pneumococcal capsular antigen s iii. suppression of the immunologic response in both cases was attributed to the ability of both tested substances to activate the third component of complement. cof and s iii both changed the organ localization of labeled antigens capable of activating the complement system. no evidence for an alternative pathway by which s iii could activate the complement ... | 1977 | 22318 |
| secondary igg responses to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide. iii. t cell requirement for development of b memory cells. | mice primed with a thymus-dependent form of type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (s3), i.e. s3 coupled to erythrocytes (s3-rbc) produces s3-specific igg antibody after secondary challenge with s3-rbc. when mice are depleted of t cells by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (als) at the time of priming, no igg antibody is produced after secondary challenge. in order to determine the cellular basis for this phenomenon, various combinations of t and/or b cells from als-treated or normal primed mice ... | 1977 | 22439 |
| complement-fixing antibody response in pneumococcal pneumonia. | previous studies of complement-fixing antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in humans have yielded conflicting results. we studied 65 sera from 25 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, using both fresh sera and heat-inactivated sera with added human complement. only 4 of the 25 patients developed detectable levels of complement-fixing anticapsular antibody. of the 25 patients, 22 developed detectable levels of hemagglutinating anticapsular antibody, indicating that they were able t ... | 1977 | 22489 |
| the role of the lung in controlling respiratory infections. | | 1977 | 22494 |
| aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of acute otitis media in children. | tympanocentesis and aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of the middle-ear fluid obtained was performed through one or both tympanic membranes of 62 children with acute otitis media. aerobic bacteria alone, predominantely pneumococcus and hemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 57% of patients; anaerobic organisms alone, most commonly propionibacterium acnes and peptococcus, from 15%. thirteen percent yielded mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes, and several had multiple aerobic or anaerobic agents. ... | 1978 | 22590 |
| disseminated intravascular coagulopathy during experimental pneumococcal sepsis: studies in normal and asplenic rhesus monkeys. | disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) was induced in both normal and asplenic rhesus monkeys by intravenous challenge with streptococcus pneumoniae. our observations in the infected monkeys have led us to conclude that (1) pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (pcp), immune complexes and complement may not have primary roles in the initiation of dic; (2) intact pneumococci may be catalysts for the development of dic; (3) the initial event in dic may be activation of hageman factor; and (4) ... | 1977 | 22758 |
| the increasing incidence of ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae. a cause of otitis media. | middle ear exudate was obtained by myringotomy or aspiration from 625 suburban children, aged 1 month to 12 years, who had acute otitis media; bacterial pathogens were isolated from 71%. haemophilus species were isolated from 212 (29%), and streptococcus pneumoniae from 205 (28%). from 1975 to august 1977, the number of haemophilus isolates found to be resistant to ampicillin has appreciably increased. currently, 8% of all cases of acute otitis media in the washington, dc, area are due to h infl ... | 1978 | 22767 |
| changes in affinity of 19 and 7s antibodies at the cellular level in responses to hapten conjugates of varying t dependency. | | 1978 | 23217 |
| oxygen uptake and lung function in mice infected with streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, or mycoplasma pulmonis. | model systems of respiratory infection in mice were established with streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, and mycoplasma pulmonis. the lt50 for s. pneumoniae was 2 1/2 days, for lethal influenza 6 days, and for m. pulmonis 5 days. morbidity in sublethal influenza infections reached a peak during days 5 to 10, with recovery indicated by the third week. the course of each pulmonary infection was followed by use of the animal's maximal ability to consume oxygen (vo2max by determining the weig ... | 1978 | 23401 |
| the ability of smooth and rough strains of streptococcus pneumoniae to activate human complement by the alternative pathway. | three capsulate pneumococcal strains of serotypes 1, 2 ans 3, and one non-capsulate strain of serotype 47, were found to activate human complement by the alternative pathway to a similar extent over the concentration range examined. nevertheless, the capsulate strains, in contrast to the non-capsulate, are known to require complement attachment for phagocytosis and it is therefore postulated that the toxic by-products released cause the wave of oedema characteristic of pneumococcal lobar pneumon ... | 1978 | 23434 |
| transfection in pneumococcus: single-strand intermediates in the formation of infective centers. | transfection has been found and characterized in pneumococcus. for replicating omega3 phage dna extracted from infected cells, transfection was relatively efficient and rose linearly with dna concentration and quadratically with time, according to t(t - 3.5) min(2). for mature dna extracted from phage particles, transfection was hardly detectable below 1 mug/ml but increased about as the cube of the dna concentration up to 100 mug/ml, and was still rising at concentrations over 200 mug/ml. the k ... | 1978 | 23440 |
| clinical results with amoxicillin tablets in pediatrics (author's transl). | | 1977 | 23445 |
| meningitis: the influence of routine otolaryngologic consultation on morbidity and mortality in 290 cases. | a prospective study was designed to obtain data on all meningitis patients admitted to a large county communicable disease unit. the epidemiologic and clinical features of 290 cases were analyzed to ascertain the effect of routine o.r.l. consultation on the morbidity and mortality of this disease. the results of physical examination provided current statistics as to the existence of ear, nose, and throat diseases associated with meningitis. | 1978 | 23470 |
| credit for the discovery of pneumococcal capsular antigenicity. | | 1978 | 23497 |
| vaccination and revaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in adults and infants. | | 1978 | 23549 |
| do bacteria mutate to erythromycin resistance? | | 1977 | 23582 |
| detection and prevalence of pneumococci with increased resistance to penicillin. | susceptibility to penicillin was determined for 6000 strains of pneumococci isolated during 1974--76 from patients in alberta and the adjacent region of the northwest territories. strains were considered to be relatively resistant if the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of penicillin was 0.16 microgram (0.26 u)/ml or more, which is eight or more times greater than the mic for fully susceptible strains. resistance was detected in 143 strains (2.4%) isolated from 122 patients and belonging t ... | 1977 | 23894 |
| isolation of c-reactive protein by affinity chromatography. | | 1977 | 23915 |
| the effect of an igm plasmacytoma (tepc-183) on the primary immune response of balb/c mice. | | 1978 | 23993 |
| responses to polyvinyl pyrrolidone and pneumococcal polysaccharide in protein-deficient mice. | indirect haemagglutination titres induced by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) or pneumococcal polysaccharide type iii (s111) were determined in mice maintained on a 4% albumin diet from weaning and normally-fed littermates. responses to pvp, given intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.), were elevated by protein-deficiency at low antigen doses and increasingly depressed at high doses. increases in the duration of protein-deficiency generally improved these responses. the persistence of toler ... | 1978 | 23995 |
| restoration of suppressor function in athymic mice. | antibody responses of normal and congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice were measured to the phosphorylcholine determinant of a pneumococcal c-polysaccharide. the plaque-forming cell responses of athymic mice were approximately tenfold higher than for intact controls. this enhancement was equivalent to that obtained by treatment of controls with antithymocyte serum. in both cases, the enhanced responses presumably result from a lack of suppressor t cells. reconstitution of athymic mice with normal th ... | 1978 | 23996 |
| survival of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum from patients with pneumonia. | the isolation rate of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum cultures from patients with pneumococcal pneumonia is low. an investigation was made to determine whether this low yield might be due to loss of pneumocci and/or overgrowth by pharyngeal flora before the specimen is plated. pneumococcal survival times and pharyngeal overgrowth at 4 degrees c and at room temperature were determined in sputum obtained from 42 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. it was found that pneumococci survived for lo ... | 1978 | 24058 |
| activation of the alternative complement pathway by pneumococcal cell wall teichoic acid. | | 1978 | 24071 |
| vaccination for influenza--any alternatives? | | 1978 | 24175 |
| pneumococcal vaccination after splenectomy. | | 1978 | 24177 |
| bacterial vaccines and toxoids: review of safety and efficacy. | | 1978 | 24328 |
| pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent licensed. | | 1978 | 24568 |
| just another vaccine? not really. | | 1978 | 24580 |
| cefazolin in the treatment of pneumonia. | cefazolin is a semi-synthetic derivative of cephalosporin c that has a lower cross-immunogenicity with penicillins than do the other cephalosporins. this agent was evaluated as an alternative to penicillin in the therapy of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. thirty patient were treated with cefazolin, most receiving 125 or 250 mg im every 12 hours for 5-10 days. satisfactory clinical responses were obtained in 29 of these 30 patients, and none complained of pain following im injections. three ... | 1978 | 24596 |
| generation of low-dose paralysis in the absence of the ability to secrete antibody. | (cba/n female x balb/c male)f1 male mice carry an x-linked defect, originating from cba/n mice, which renders them unable to generate an antibody response to sss-iii. histocompatible (balb/c female x cba/n male) reciprocal f1 male hybrids do not carry the x-linked defect and therefore generate a readily detectable pfc response to sss-iii, which can be adoptively transferred into nonresponding reciprocal f1 male mice. in the present work, we show that this adoptive response could be inhibited in ... | 1978 | 24665 |
| changing ecology of acute bacterial empyema: occurrence and mortality at boston city hospital during 12 selected years from 1935 to 1972. | the occurrence, etiology, and demography of acute bacterial empyema are presented to reflect the widespread use of sulfonamides, penicillin, and other active antibiotics. in community-acquired (c-a) cases streptococcus pneumoniae, hemolytic streptococci, and staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent single organisms identified in initial positive cultures of pleural fluid during 1935. s. pneumoniae declined steadily until 1953 but continued to occur frequently in c-a cases. hemolytic streptoc ... | 1978 | 24669 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. | | 1978 | 24682 |
| hyposplenic septicemia and adrenal hemorrhage. | | 1978 | 24683 |
| endo r dpni restriction of escherichia coli dna synthesized in vitro. evidence that the ends of okazaki pieces are determined by template deoxynucleotide sequence. | | 1977 | 24749 |
| use of pneumococcal vaccine in children. | | 1978 | 24826 |
| the syndrome of post-splenectomy fulminant sepsis. case report and review of the literature. | three years after splenectomy, a middle-aged woman had two separate episodes of fulminant bacterial sepsis. she recovered each time with prompt and appropriate treatment. her immunologic system was examined and found to be normal with respect to antibody formation against diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, granulocyte killing of staphylococci and serum opsonizing activity. granulocytes, bursa-equivalent (b) and thymus-dependent (t) lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were quantitatively normal. sh ... | 1977 | 25019 |
| type-specific pneumococcal respiratory disease in the elderly and chronically iii. | type-specific pneumococcal respiratory disease was studied in a chronic-disease hospital during a 27-month period. isolates from 50 patients with pneumonia and from 24 patients with chronic bronchitis were available for typing. vaccine types were isolated from 74 per cent of patients with pneumonia and from 42 per cent of patients with chronic bronchitis. pneumococcal types isolated from 5 of 8 patients with bacteremia and from 6 of 9 patients who died were also included in the vaccine. the data ... | 1978 | 25032 |
| significance of microbial contamination of stored cadaver kidneys. | the importance of microbial contamination of cadaver kidneys was assessed in 83 consecutively stored and transplanted kidneys. fourteen kidneys had a single positive culture during storage and five had multiple positive cultures. only one postoperative infection could be traced to kidney contamination during storage (candida wound infection). in three of 64 patients who received noncontaminated kidneys, posttransplant wound infections developed. no wound infections occurred in 35 patients who re ... | 1978 | 25059 |
| evidence for quantitative variability of bacterial opsonic requirements. | we studied human serum opsonins by using combinations of heat inactivation and chelation to inhibit complement, adsorption to remove antibody, and trypan blue to inactivate the c3 receptor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 25, required both complement and immunoglobulin for opsonization, even though that strain activated the alternative complement pathway. both strains of escherichia coli required antibody and complement, but varied in the degree of depend ... | 1978 | 25243 |
| streptococcal infections and their sequelae. | | 1978 | 25247 |
| fate of heterospecific transforming dna bound to streptococcus sanguis. | the fate of 3h-labeled str-r fus-s dna from streptococcus pneumoniae, bound after a 1-min uptake to 14c-labeled str-s fus-r s. sanguis recipients, was followed by techniques previously developed for analyzing the fate of homospecific dna. heterospecific s. pneumoniae dna was bound and formed complexes with recipient protein in a manner similar to that of homospecific dna but transformed relatively poorly. the rate at which complexed heterospecific dna becomes physically associated with recipient ... | 1978 | 25262 |
| biological characteristics of peptidoglycans of group a streptococcus and some other bacterial species. i. tolerance and effect of antibody in fever response, and heart damaging effect in rabbits. | induced tolerance to the pyrogenic action of group a streptococcus peptidoglycan decreased after one week and was no longer detectable after the second week. however, one or two further doses of peptidoglycan rapidly restored the tolerance. the passive transfer of plasma from rabbits tolerant to streptococcus peptidoglycan to nontolerant animals failed to transfer tolerance. antiserum to streptococcus peptidoglycan neutralized the pyrogenic effect of not only streptococcus but also staphylococcu ... | 1977 | 25304 |
| erythromycin sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated in a hospital. | | 1978 | 25374 |
| use of furagin in treatment of urinary tract infections. | | 1978 | 25493 |
| secretion of cell wall polymers into the growth medium of lysis-defective pneumococci during treatment with penicillin and other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. | autolysin-defective pneumococci secrete into the growth medium choline-containing macromolecules during treatment with any one of a large number of inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis, including beta-lactams, beta-halogeno-d-alanines, cephalosporins, and d-cycloserine. secretion is closely related to the dose response of the bacteria to the various drugs: (i) secretion can already be detected at the minimum inhibitory concentration; (ii) the rate and extent of secretion is dependent upon the dr ... | 1978 | 25617 |
| characterization of cell wall polymers secreted into the growth medium of lysis-defective pneumococci during treatment with penicillin and other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. | autolysin-defective pneumococci secrete large quantities of choline-containing cell wall polymers into the growth medium during treatment with inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis. the secreted polymers were separated into three fractions by a combination of gel filtration on agarose and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. fraction i had a high apparent molecular size and contained the forssman antigen in complex with material exhibiting properties of cell wall teichoic acid. choline-co ... | 1978 | 25618 |
| acute nephritis and pulmonary alveolitis following pneumococcal pneumonia. | acute glomerulonephritis developed in a man with pneumococcal pneumonia. serum complement studies revealed decreased levels of c4, properdin, and c3. renal immunofluorescence studies demonstrated pneumococcal antigen, c1q, c4, c3 proactivator, properdin, c3, igg, and igm. circulating cryoglobulin contained pneumococcal antigen and antibody, c3, and immunoglobulins. serial pneumococcal antigen and antibody levels did not display patterns that were characteristic of classical immune elimination, b ... | 1978 | 25635 |
| exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: exogenous or endogenous infection? | six male patients with chronic bronchitis, who were known previously to have excreted streptococcus pneumoniae and/or haemophilus influenzae, both at the times of exacerbations and during remission, were studied for 43 to 52 months. sputum was examined fortnightly and at the time of exacerbations. strains of strep. pneumoniae were serotyped and those of haemophilus species were typed by antibiograms along with other supporting methods. sera collected before or at the time of an exacerbation and ... | 1978 | 25664 |
| the immunotropic effect of cysteine in the foetal period and in adult rats after administration of thymus-independent antigens. | | 1977 | 25698 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae isolates relatively insensitive to penicillin g recovered from patients in switzerland. | the sensitivity to penicillin g of pneumococci isolated in switzerland has been determined by the quantitative tube dilution method. 3 out of 100 strains were relatively insensitive to this antibiotic (minimum inhibitory concentration greater than 0.1 microgram/ml), thus confirming observations already made in other countries. these results underline the necessity of routinely testing the sensitivity of pneumococci to penicillin g. | 1978 | 25749 |
| bacteriological findings in the transtracheal aspirate from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | transtracheal aspirates from 87 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis who had received no recent antibiotic treatment were examined. a single bacterial species was found in 83% of positive cultures. predominant pathogens were haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae which occurred jointly or separately in 50% of positive cultures. bacteria traditionally considered as non-pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract also appeared to play an aetiological role. enterobact ... | 1978 | 25845 |
| enzymatic measurement of glucose and galactose content pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. | | 1978 | 25899 |
| interpatient microbiological cross-contamination after dental radiographic examination. | pairs of patients were evaluated for microbiological cross-contamination after radiographic examination. in 30 of these pairs of patients there was the possibility of transference of s pyogenes, s aureus, or d pneumoniae. such transference was observed in 23 (77%) of these 30 pairs of patients. the vectors for such transfer include the hands of the x-ray technician and the radiographic equipment. further, it was found that each of these organisms would survive for at least 48 hours after being p ... | 1978 | 25909 |
| a quantitative sputum culture method: the significance of the quantity greater than or equal to 10(7)/ml of isolated organisms (author's transl). | | 1978 | 25980 |
| specific inactivation of heterospecific transforming dna by a factor derived from streptococcus sanguis lysates. | a heat-sensitive factor obtained from lysates of competent streptococcus sanguis cells reacts specifically with native dna of heterospecific (s. pneumoniae or calf thymus) origin. in vitro it does not alter the double or single strand length of the dna, nor does it affect uptake of the dna by compentent s. pneumoniae cells in dnase i-resistant form. following uptake, however, dna previously exposed to the factor loses over 90% of its biological activity. reaction of heterospecific dna with the f ... | 1978 | 26019 |
| the detection of bacterial antigens by counter-immunoelectrophoresis in n. meningitidis, h. influenzae serotype b, s. pneumoniae infections. diagnostic value and evolutive aspect (in 216 cases) (author's transl). | using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) the authors have assayed for soluble bacterial s. pneumoniae, n meningitidis group a, b, c. h. influenzae type b antigens, biological fluids in 216 patients (meningitis: 136; pneumonia: 76; miscellaneous: 4) during 16 months. because of heterogeneous recruiting (the bacteriology was carried out by different laboratories) the increase in aetiological diagnosis given by cie is only statistically valid for the bacteriologic negative group when blind antibiot ... | 1977 | 26041 |
| comparative characteristics of the immunological reactivity of acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis patients. | | 1978 | 26116 |
| antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. report of a study group on bacterial resistance. | twenty laboratories in england and scotland took part in 1977 in a survey of antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. in str pneumoniae 59 (6.8%) of the 866 strains studied were resistant to tetracycline and three to chloramphenicol, and one strain showed a decreased susceptibility to penicillin. the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline was lower than that found in a similar study performed in 1975. nine hundred and fifty-two strains of h influenzae were ... | 1978 | 26450 |
| selective suppression of primary igm responses by induction of low dose paralysis to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | | 1978 | 26471 |
| gentamicin-blood agar for isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions. | previous studies have suggested that the yield of streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions can be increased by using a 5% sheep blood agar plate supplemented with 5 microgram of gentamicin (gba) per ml. we report our experience with 245 lower respiratory specimens in which this method was compared with 5% sheep blood agar (sba) alone. of 35 specimens with growth of s. pneumoniae on either plate, 21 were detected exclusively on sba, whereas only 3 were detected on gba alone (p less th ... | 1978 | 26693 |
| diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia by antigen detection in sputum. | pneumococcal polysaccharide was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the sputum of 20 of 26 (77%) adults with community-acquired pneumonia and a positive sputum culture for streptococcus pneumoniae. the test was negative in 29 pneumonia patients with negative sputum culture for s. pneumoniae. pneumococcal antigen was also detected in the sputum of six of nine adults with chronic bronchitis and a positive sputum culture, but was not detected in expectorated respiratory secretions of 22 pne ... | 1978 | 26694 |
| antibody response to capsular polysaccharide vaccine of streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with nephrotic syndrome. | twenty-three normal subjects and 19 patients with nephrotic syndrome were vaccinated with tridecavalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine of streptococcus pneumoniae. the antibody response of the nephrotic patients to pneumococcal capsular antigens was equal to that of the control subjects. these findings indicate that patients with nephrotic syndrome, despite hypogammaglobulinemia, can mount an adequate antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharides and that there is no evidence o ... | 1978 | 26723 |
| bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life. | tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. the bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), hemophilus influenzae (ten patients), enterobacteriaceae (four patients), staphylococcus aureus (four patients), streptococci (groups a and b) (three patients), and pseudomonas aeruginosa (two patients). thirty patients (42.9%) had middle-ear effusions which did ... | 1978 | 26735 |
| transfection of streptococcus pneumoniae with bacteriophage dna. | it was possible to transfect streptococcus pneumoniae with dna obtained from a newly isolated bacteriophage, diplophage-4 (dp-4). optimal frequency of transfection (0.9%) required the use of a nuclease-defective mutant; with wild-type bacteria, the transfection frequency was about 100-fold lower. transfection requires physiological conditions that appear to be similar to the competent state needed for genetic transformation (a. tomasz, j. bacteriol. 91:1050--1061, 1966). | 1978 | 26809 |
| beta-hemolytic streptococcal pneumonia following influenza. | | 1978 | 26817 |
| endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase d from diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1978 | 26846 |
| endo-beta-galactosidase and endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1978 | 26847 |
| purulent meningitis in childhood. | | 1977 | 26858 |
| type-iii allergic reactivity to diplococcus pneumoniae and encapsulated haemophilus influenzae in passively sensitized mice and rats. | | 1978 | 26860 |
| effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in csf. | a prospective study was done to determine the effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in csf at the time of diagnosis. concentrations of haemophilus influenzae type b in csf of partially treated patients were significantly smaller than in csf of untreated patients. this was also true of patients with meningococcal meningitis, but no difference was observed between patients with pneumococcal meningitis. the identification of h influenzae by gram stain of csf was significa ... | 1978 | 27090 |
| chloramphenicol resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae: enzymatic acetylation and possible plasmid linkage. | clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to chloramphenicol were observed in france for the first time in 1973. during a 4-year survey, these strains were found to represent 6% of a total of 564 isolates of s. pneumoniae in a general hospital and to belong to 13 different serotypes. one such strain, referred to as bm 6001, was shown to inactivate chloramphenicol, and the process was found to be inducible. the inactivated products were demonstrated to be o-acetoxy esters of chloram ... | 1978 | 27138 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae. | fifty clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae received by the streptococcus laboratory of the center for disease control from august 1976 through march 1977 and 50 pneumococcal strains retrieved from 13- to 16-year storage (originally isolated october 1961 through december 1964) were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents by disk-agar diffusion and agar dilution tests. no appreciable differences in susceptibility patterns were apparent between the two groups, and, except for ... | 1978 | 27140 |
| affinity of horse anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies for some pneumococcal polysaccharides. contribution of the polysaccharide backbone. | | 1978 | 27452 |
| filamentous capsulated streptococci from the human respiratory tract: chemical and immunochemical characterization of a glycoprotein capsular antigen of provisional binary capsular type 87. | a filamentous alpha-hemolytic streptococcus of provisional capsular type 87 isolated from the human respiratory tract has been shown to be binary capsulated. one of the capsular antigens appears to be a glycoprotein; the other appears to be a polysaccharide. transformation reactions with deoxyribonucleic acid from streptococcus type 87 and a number of noncapsulated pneumococci yielded transformed pneumococci with either a glycoprotein capsule or a polysaccharide capsule, but not with both. capsu ... | 1978 | 27454 |
| filamentous capsulated streptococci from the human respiratory tract: chemical and immunochemical characterization of the polysaccharide capsular antigen of provisional binary capsular type 87. | the polysaccharide capsular antigen of the filamentous binary capsulated streptococcus of provisional type 87 and the polysaccharide capsular antigens of two pneumoccal strains transformed with deoxyribonucleic acid of streptococus type 87 have been purified and analyzed with regard to their component monosaccharides. the purified polysaccharides from the three strains were immunochemically identical. each was found to contain rhamnose, glucose, galactose, galactosamine, and phosphate. rhamnose ... | 1978 | 27455 |
| immunochemical studies on a mycoplasma pneumoniae polysaccharide fraction: cross-reactions with type 23 and 32 antipneumococcal rabbit sera. | lipid-free polysaccharide fraction 2 extracted from mycoplasma pneumoniae strain fh by prescott et al. (j. bacteriol. 91:2117-2115, 1966) was examined for its ability to cross-precipitate antibody from type-specific rabbit antipneumococcal sera types 1 to 34 inclusive. cross-precipitation in type-specific pneumococcal anti-type 23 and anti-type 32 sera was examined in detail and could be attributed to a rhamnose-galactose-rich component of crude m. pneumoniae polysaccharide fraction 2 recovered ... | 1978 | 27459 |
| immuno-stimulation by a ribosomal vaccine associated with a bacterial cell wall adjuvant in humans. | we have studied a new vaccine of ribosomal nature associated with glycoprotein cell walls from klebsiella pneumoniae which served as an immunoadjuvant. thus vaccine was administered by the aerosol route to working men free of any important disease, especially of respiratory disease. a total of 104 men working for the commissariat à l'energie atomique, all volunteers, were randomly placed into two groups. during the first period, 51 patients (group i) were vaccinated three times a week during 5 w ... | 1978 | 27461 |
| glycolipids stimulate dna polymerase activity in a dna-membrane fraction and in a partially purified polymerase system extracted from pneumococci. | we have assayed the ability of various lipids to affect dna polymerases activity in a dna-membrane complex extracted from streptococcus pneumoniae by the sarkosyl-m-band technique. in addition, to determine which dna polymerases were affected by the lipids, we partially purified three dna polymerase activities from cell lysates, the first such demonstration outside of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. glycolipids are unique among polar lipids in stimulating the rate and extent of dna polym ... | 1978 | 27501 |
| sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of asparaginyl-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins. mutually exclusive glycosylation by beta-galactoside alpha2 goes to 6 sialyltransferase and n-acetylglucosaminide alpha1 goes to 3 fucosyltransferase. | | 1978 | 27517 |
| the effect of complement depletion on lung clearance of bacteria. | we have investigated the effect of hypocomplementemia on early pulmonary clearance of four species of bacteria. the experiments were performed in an inbred animal model to minimize immunologic variability. complement was depleted by cobra venom factor, and activity in serum was monitored with a phagocytic assay. bacterial specific antibodies were examined by an indirect radioimmunoassay, and animals with high levels of activity were excluded from anaysis. 4 h after aerosolization with streptococ ... | 1978 | 27534 |
| antibodies of restricted heterogeneity directed against the cardiac glycoside digoxin. | intravenous injection of new zealand white rabbits with type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine conjugated with the cardiac glycoside digoxin resulted in the production of both antidigoxin and anti-type iii pneumococcal polysacharide antibodies. among antisera of 12 rabbits examined during their peak antibody production periods, 1 to 20 mg (mean, 5.4 mg) of antidigoxin antibody could be recovered from 1 ml of serum. antisera from five of these 12 rabbits contained antidigoxin antibodies of ... | 1978 | 27558 |
| serotypically defined pneumococcal infections in children. | | 1978 | 27600 |
| evaluation of paper disks impregnated with optochin and used in the identification of streptococcus pneumoniae. | | 1978 | 27768 |
| combining site specificity of antipneumococcal type viii horse immunoglobulins cross-reactive with mild acid-treated xanthomonas campestris polysaccharide. | | 1978 | 28090 |
| morphological characteristics of acute respiratory tract diseases of mixed etiology in children. | the analysis of 30 etiologically deciphered (by the direct coons method) autopsy observations of acute respiratory diseases in children under 8 is presented. monoinfections were established only in 6 cases. morphological examinations of respiratory organs in 24 cases of mixed acute respiratory diseases (associations of virus-bacteria and virus-mycoplasma pneumoniae-diplostreptococcus) revealed marked circulatory disorders and desquamative, dystrophic, and inflammatory processes in segmental bron ... | 1978 | 28114 |
| enzyme replacement in a bacterium: phenotypic correction by the experimental introduction of the wild type enzyme into a live enzyme defective mutant pneumococcus. | | 1975 | 28126 |
| homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules. | serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type xxv the other with type viii pneumococcal vaccine. igga, iggb, iggc, igb, igg(t) and igm present among purified pn anti-xxv and pn anti-viii immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. radioimmunodiffusion with 14c-labelled type xxv pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity direc ... | 1978 | 28285 |
| minimal glomerulopathy during pneumonia with pneumococcal bacteremia. | | 1978 | 28423 |
| impaired antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine after treatment for hodgkin's disease. | to determine if a normal antibody response can develop after therapy for hodgkin's disease, we immunized 53 patients and 10 normal controls with dodecavalent pneumococcal vaccine. antibody concentrations three weeks after immunization (geometric mean of 11 serotypes) were 1566 ng of protein nitrogen per milliliter in controls, 963 ng per milliliter after subtotal radiation (p less than 0.05 compared to controls), 658 ng per milliliter after chemotherapy (p less than 0.05), 377 ng per milliliter ... | 1978 | 28483 |
| increased resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics and prevalence of their capsular serotypes (author's transl). | from january 1970 to december 1976, 867 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens were routinely typed and tested for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. the prevalent serotypes were 19, 23, 6, 3, 7 and 14. twenty seven p. cent of the strains were found resistant to tetracycline, and 4,2% were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. two strains were resistant to erythromycin. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin g, cephalotin, chloramphenicol, tetracyc ... | 1978 | 28505 |
| microbiology problem. | | 1978 | 28668 |
| research of the soluble microbial substances in organic fluids for the rapid diagnosis of some infections and particularly of bacterial meningitis (author's transl). | a number of immunological and non-immunological techniques have been recently used to detect soluble microbial substances in body fluids of patients with acute meningitis, bacteremia, and lobar pneumonia. by the immunological methods capsular highly polymerized polisaccharide group- or type-specific antigens of the most common c. n. s. pathogens (n. meningitidis a, b, and c; str. pneumoniae, h. influenzae type b, e. coli k1, mucoid pseudomonas, cryptococcus neoformans) can be detected and quanti ... | 1977 | 28697 |
| bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections. | the role of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the genesis of pneumonia or lung abscess in patients with historical, clinical, and radiologic findings suggestive of aspiration was compared to their role in similar patients without these findings. bacterial specimens were obtained by transtracheal aspiration or thoracentesis. anaerobes were isolated in 100% of the patients who were aspiration-prone as contrasted with only 20% of those who were not. isolation of a single species or no growth ... | 1975 | 28705 |
| polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. | a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine has recently been licensed for general use after extensive testing in human subjects. antibody production was satisfactory in 92% of individuals and a highly significant (76-92%) reduction was found in the rates for pneumococcal pneumonias caused by the capsular types present in the vaccine. children over 2 years of age respond well to the vaccine, but younger children may not respond satisfactorily to some capsular types. in adults, the duration of the protectiv ... | 1978 | 28857 |
| selective reduction and proteolysis in the hinge region of liganded and unliganded antibodies: identical kinetics suggest lack of major conformational change in the hinge region. | | 1978 | 28953 |
| increased susceptibility of splenectomized mice to infection after exposure to an aerosolized suspension of type iii streptococcus pneumoniae. | most reported experimental studies concerning the effect of splenectomy in animals have shown enhanced mortality from pneumococci injected either intravenously or intraperitoneally. we have developed a laboratory model in which mice are exposed to type iii streptococcus pneumoniae via an aerosolized atmosphere, thus closely approximating the route of human infection with this organism. ninety-one male swiss mice (mean weight 26 g) were divided into three approximately equal groups of control, sh ... | 1978 | 29008 |
| occurrence of idiotypically identical antibodies in the sera of two outbred rabbits hyperimmunized with type ii pneumococcal vaccine. | | 1978 | 29067 |