| characterization of six new capsular types (23 through 28) of streptococcus suis. | six new capsular types of streptococcus suis (types 23 to 28) are described. all reference strains were isolated from diseased pigs and were morphologically and biochemically similar to previously described capsular types 1 to 22. clear and specific reactions were obtained for each of the new capsular types with three different typing techniques; no cross-reactions were detected among them or with other s. suis capsular types. their capsular material presented similar ultrastructural characteris ... | 1991 | 1774266 |
| the cps locus of streptococcus suis serotype 2: genetic determinant for the synthesis of sialic acid. | the capsule of s. suis serotype 2 is composed of glucose, galatose, n-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose and sialic acid. recently, we described a major part of the cps2 locus of s. suis serotype 2. based on sequence homology genes encoding potential glucosyl-, galactosyl-, n-acetylglucosaminyl- and rhamnosyltransferase activities could be identified. however, we did not find genes involved in the synthesis of sialic acid. here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a remaining part of the cp ... | 2000 | 10906268 |
| interactions between streptococcus suis serotype 2 and different epithelial cell lines. | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for cases of sudden death, septicaemia, meningitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. it is also recognized as a zoonotic agent in people occupationally exposed to pigs or pig products. knowledge on virulence factors of s. suis serotype 2 is limited and the pathogenesis of the infection is poorly understood. it has been suggested that the disease due to s. suis serotype 2 begins with colonization of the nasopharyngeal epithelium, followed b ... | 2000 | 10931895 |
| the pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by streptococcus suis: the unresolved questions. | streptococcus suis is one of the most important swine pathogens world-wide. among the serotypes described, type 2 is the serotype most frequently associated with disease. despite increasing research in recent years, knowledge of virulence factors and the pathogenesis of the infection remain limited. this review discusses the currently available information on s. suis serotype 2 virulence factors and the pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by this important bacterial species. in addition, some ... | 2000 | 10973700 |
| characterization of antibiotic resistance in streptococcus suis. | twenty one isolates of streptococcus suis were screened for antibiotic resistance by growth on antibiotic-containing media, by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations, by hybridization to specific dna and oligonucleotide probes for antibiotic resistance genes, and by pcr. the isolates were from a slaughter house survey of respiratory pathogens in norwegian pigs in 1986. fifteen isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with mics ranging from 4-128 micrograms/ml. genes coding for the tet o and ... | 1994 | 7801524 |
| a 10-year survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolates from swine in japan. | a number of 689 streptococcus suis isolates collected nationwide from diseased and healthy pigs from 1987 to 1996 were surveyed for antibiotic susceptibilities to 11 drugs. no isolates resistant to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were found. isolates were highly susceptible to penicillins (penicillin g, ampicillin, and amoxicillin) except cloxacillin. they were not susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, and kanamaycin (mic90 50 microg/ml, > or = 100 microg/ml, ... | 2000 | 11073075 |
| in vitro susceptibility of porcine respiratory pathogens to tilmicosin. | bacterial isolates obtained from swine with various clinical diseases were tested for susceptibility to tilmicosin by minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and kirby-bauer disk diffusion tests using national committee on clinical laboratory standards methodology. the tilmicosin mic90 was < or =0.125 microg/ml for erysiopelothrix rhusiopathiae, < or = 1 microg/ml for haemophilus parasuis isolates, 8 microg/ml for actinobacillus suis and pasteurella multocida type a, 16 microg/ml for toxigenic an ... | 2000 | 11108454 |
| influence of ampicillin, ceftiofur, attenuated live prrsv vaccine, and reduced dose streptococcus suis exposure on disease associated with prrsv and s. suis coinfection. | the objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of two antimicrobials (ampicillin and ceftiofur), a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine, and low dose exposure to streptococcus suis on disease associated with prrsv/s. suis coinfection. fifty-six, crossbred, prrsv-free pigs were weaned at 10-12 days of age and randomly assigned to five treatment groups. all pigs were inoculated with 2ml of 10(6.4) tcid50/ml of high virulence prrsv isolate v ... | 2001 | 11118739 |
| evidence for horizontal transfer of ssudat1i restriction-modification genes to the streptococcus suis genome. | different strains of streptococcus suis serotypes 1 and 2 isolated from pigs either contained a restriction-modification (r-m) system or lacked it. the r-m system was an isoschizomer of streptococcus pneumoniae dpnii, which recognizes nucleotide sequence 5'-gatc-3'. the nucleotide sequencing of the genes encoding the r-m system in s. suis dat1, designated ssudat1i, showed that the ssudat1i gene region contained two methyltransferase genes, designated ssuma and ssumb, as does the dpnii system. th ... | 2001 | 11133943 |
| streptococcus suis peritonitis: case report. | a 45-year-old thai man who presented with peritonitis was seen in a tertiary care centre in thailand. an exploratory laparotomy was done because of peritonitis from abdominal trauma. postoperatively the patient received intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole, but he developed rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. hemodialysis was performed. after 8 days, the peritonitis had relapsed with hypotension. the patient was given vasopressives but clinicaly deteriorated and expired on day 11. the p ... | 2000 | 11143496 |
| relatedness of streptococcus suis isolates of various serotypes and clinical backgrounds as evaluated by macrorestriction analysis and expression of potential virulence traits. | we evaluated the genetic diversity of streptococcus suis isolates of different serotypes by macrorestriction analysis and elucidated possible relationships between the genetic background, expression of potential virulence traits, and source of isolation. virulence traits included expression of serotype-specific polysaccharides, muramidase-released protein (mrp), extracellular protein factor (ef), hemolysin activity, and adherence to epithelial cells. macrorestriction analysis of streptococcal dn ... | 2001 | 11158088 |
| environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis: identification by the use of iron-restricted conditions in vitro and by experimental infection of piglets. | the identification of environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis by the use of iron-restricted conditions in vitro and by experimental infection of piglets is described. eighteen unique iron-restriction-induced (iri) genes and 22 unique in-vivo-selected (ivs) genes of strep. suis were found. none of the ivs genes was exclusively expressed in vivo. four iri genes were identical to four clones selected in piglets. two ivs genes were similar to genes for putative virulence factors. one o ... | 2001 | 11158344 |
| selection of virulence-associated determinants of streptococcus suis serotype 2 by in vivo complementation. | within streptococcus suis serotype 2, pathogenic, weakly pathogenic, and nonpathogenic strains can be found. we introduced a genomic library of a pathogenic strain into a weakly pathogenic strain. after infection of the library into young piglets pathogenic transformants were selected. one specific transformant containing a 3-kb fragment of the pathogenic strain appeared to be dominantly enriched in diseased pigs. the observed enrichment was not tissue specific. the selected fragment, when intro ... | 2001 | 11179384 |
| septicaemia in a pig-farm worker. | | 2001 | 11197360 |
| streptococcus suis meningitis, a poacher's risk. | streptococcus suis infection is a zoonosis that has been mainly reported in pig-rearing and pork-consuming countries. the most common disease manifestation is meningitis, often associated with cochleovestibular signs. the causative agent is streptococcus suis serotype 2, found as a commensal in the tonsils of its natural host, the pig. persons at risk are mostly those with an occupational exposure to domestic pigs or their meat products. a case of meningitis caused by streptococcus suis in a poa ... | 2000 | 11205632 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | given the lack of effective vaccines to control streptococcus suis infection and the lack of a rapid and reliable molecular diagnostic assay to detect its infection, a polyclonal antibody was raised against the whole-cell protein of s. suis type 2 and used to screen an s. suis gene library in an effort to identify protective antigen(s) and antigens of diagnostic importance. a clone that produced a 45-kda s. suis-specific protein was identified by western blotting. restriction analysis showed tha ... | 2001 | 11238204 |
| the filamentous bacterial morphotype 'nostocoida limicola' i contains at least two previously described genera in the low g+c gram positive bacteria. | isolates of eight bacterial filaments fitting the published morphological description of 'nostocoida limicola' i were obtained from the mixed liquor of four different australian and one czech republic activated sludge plants by micromanipulation. on the basis of their near complete (ben 200 and ben 201), or partial (ben 77, ben 78, ben 202, ben 203, ben 204 and ben 205) 16s rrna gene sequences, six of these isolates were 99.3-100% similar to lactosphaera pasteurii and trichococcus flocculiformis ... | 2000 | 11249023 |
| biochemical traits and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from slaughtered pigs. | a total of 522 streptococcus suis isolates were recovered from the tonsils of slaughtered pigs by culturing on media containing different specific antisera. the serogroup reactions were determined by coagglutination. the most frequently isolated serotype was serotype 4 (representing 28.7% of the isolates), followed by serotype 3 (24.9%) and serotype 2 (22.6%). typable isolates were examined by growth in 6.5% nacl, amylase activity, acetoin production, susceptibility to optochin and production of ... | 1994 | 7740861 |
| generation and characterization of a defined mutant of streptococcus suis lacking suilysin. | a defined allelic-replacement mutant of the sly gene, encoding a thiol-activated cytolysin, from a european isolate of streptococcus suis serotype 2 was generated and characterized. unlike the parental strain, it is nonhemolytic, noncytotoxic for cultured macrophage-like cells, avirulent in a mouse infection model, yet only slightly attenuated in a porcine model of systemic infection. | 2001 | 11254643 |
| suilysin production by streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased and healthy carrier pigs in spain. | | 2001 | 11258725 |
| distribution of streptococcus suis capsular types in 2000. | | 2001 | 11265194 |
| streptococcus suis serotypes 3 to 28 associated with disease in pigs. | | 2001 | 11265998 |
| otitis interna is a frequent sequela to streptococcus suis meningitis in pigs. | twenty-eight histologically confirmed cases of porcine leptomeningitis were examined retrospectively, with focus on the pathology of the inner and middle ear, brain, and vestibulocochlear nerve. tissues were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry for streptococcus suis serotype 2 antigen, and the bacteriologic results were recorded. exudative otitis interna was diagnosed in 20/28 pigs (71%). the lesions primarily affected the perilymphatic ducts, with consistent involvement of the scala ... | 2001 | 11280375 |
| streptococcus infection and splenectomy. | | 2001 | 11303607 |
| streptococcus infection and splenectomy. | | 2001 | 11303608 |
| streptococcus infection and splenectomy. | | 2001 | 11303609 |
| in utero infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is sufficient to increase susceptibility of piglets to challenge by streptococcus suis type ii. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) consistently elevates the frequency of disease and mortality in young pigs. many different secondary bacterial diseases occur in prrs virus (prrsv)-infected pigs. however, to date, establishing a reproducible experimental model of prrsv infection in weaned pigs, with subsequent clinical disease following secondary bacterial challenge, has been difficult. prrsv is frequently isolated during outbreaks from weak-born piglets affected by secondary ... | 2001 | 11312360 |
| comparison of mics of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens of swine from the united states, canada, and denmark. | the mics of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents, tested for comparison, for 515 bacterial isolates of pigs from the united states, canada, and denmark with various diseases were compared. the organisms tested included actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella typhimurium, streptococcus suis, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. in additio ... | 1995 | 7494042 |
| [streptococcus suis meningitis. report of two cases and literature review]. | | 2001 | 11333612 |
| protection of pigs against challenge with virulent streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains by a muramidase-released protein and extracellular factor vaccine. | the efficacy of a muramidase-released protein (mrp) and extracellular factor (ef) vaccine in preventing infection and disease in pigs challenged either with a homologous or a heterologous streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain (mrp+ef+) was compared with the efficacy of a vaccine containing formalin-killed bacterin of s. suis serotype 2 (mrp+ef+). the enhancement of the immune response by different adjuvants (a water-in-oil emulsion [wo] and an aluminium hydroxide-based adjuvant [ah]) and their si ... | 2001 | 11334073 |
| a case-control study of respiratory disease in thoroughbred racehorses in sydney, australia. | in order to investigate the role of infectious agents in the aetiology of lower respiratory tract disease in thoroughbred racehorses, a matched case-control study was conducted. cases were identified by the presence of coughing, and were compared to a control population matched on time of sample collection and location within the same training establishment. tracheal wash samples were collected from 100 cases and 148 controls. case horses were more likely than controls to have endoscopic and cyt ... | 2001 | 11352347 |
| passive immunization of pigs against experimental infection with streptococcus suis serotype 2. | the safety and protective efficacy of a horse antiserum raised against inactivated whole cell preparations of streptococcus suis serotype 2 was investigated in pigs by experimental challenge. the antiserum was evaluated in two similar experiments each comprising 12 4-week-old pigs treated with 6 ml of antiserum the day before challenge and four pigs used as challenge controls. pigs were infected by subcutaneous injection with approximately 10(11) colony forming units of s. suis serotype 2. clini ... | 2001 | 11390114 |
| distribution of serotype, virulence markers and further characteristics of streptococcus suis isolates from pigs. | this study was designed to comparatively investigate 28 s. suis cultures isolated from various pathological processes of pigs. all cultures could be identified biochemically and most of the cultures could be serogrouped with specific antiserum against lancefield's serogroup d. serotyping of the s. suis isolates mainly revealed capsular types 2, 1, and 22. in addition, part of the cultures, mostly those of serotype 2, reacted with monoclonal antibodies to the virulence protein muraminidase-releas ... | 1995 | 7483907 |
| isolation and characterization of a streptococcus thermophilus plasmid closely related to the pmv158 family. | twenty-two streptococcus thermophilus strains used for milk fermentations were analyzed for their plasmid content and 13 of them (59%) were found to contain one or two plasmids. fifteen s. thermophilus plasmids were divided into four groups using dna homology. ten plasmids were classified within group a and they shared homologies with all the previously sequenced s. thermophilus plasmids. three plasmids (group b) hybridized with each other and two plasmids only hybridized with themselves (groups ... | 2001 | 11407913 |
| experimental airborne transmission of streptococcus suis capsular type 2 in pigs. | experimental airborne transmission of streptococcus suis type 2 was studied in specific pathogen free piglets. forty piglets were allotted to five groups of eight 7-week-old animals and housed in three separated units. negative control pigs (group 1) were housed in unit a and infected batches were housed in units b (group 2) and c (groups 4). in units b and c, non-inoculated groups (groups 3 and 5, respectively), 40 cm distant from the respective inoculated group and without any physical contact ... | 2001 | 11423197 |
| epidemiological relationship of human and swine streptococcus suis isolates. | two cases of meningitis due to streptococcus suis in humans are reported here. a butcher and an abattoir worker were referred to a health centre in castellón (spain) with fever and symptoms of meningitis. after adequate treatment, a slight hipoacusia persisted as sequelae in both cases. colonies of s. suis group r, serotype 2 and phenotype mrp+ef+ were isolated from cerebroespinal fluid. epidemiological studies showed that both workers had in common the handling of pork meat of slaughtered healt ... | 2001 | 11471845 |
| [pneumonia in calves: characterization of the bacterial spectrum and the resistance patterns to antimicrobial drugs]. | the population under study included young calves with pneumonia (group a, n = 13) and their controls (group b, n = 9), as well as older calves from which the lungs with (group c, n = 90) or without (group d, n = 10) lesions were collected after slaughter. arcanobacterium pyogenes was the organism most commonly isolated from calves in group a (46%), followed by haemophilus somnus (23%), mannheimia haemolytica (15%), streptococcus suis and pasteurella multocida (7.7% each). only s. suis (22%) and ... | 2001 | 11476040 |
| prevalence, capsular type and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from slaughter pigs in korea. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, capsular serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from slaughter pigs. capsular serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined by coagglutination test and agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively. streptococcus suis was isolated from 55 of the 406 palatine tonsillar samples tested (13.8%) and 14 of the 29 sampled herds (48.3%). of the 55 isolates recovered from slaughter pigs, 2 ... | 2001 | 11480519 |
| decrease of the adhesion of streptococcus suis serotype 2 mutants to embryonic bovine tracheal cells and porcine tracheal rings. | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen that may be present in the tonsils of pigs that show no signs of illness. because adhesion to host cells may be important in the carrier state, this study was undertaken to investigate adhesion to host cells by s. suis mutant strains defective in expression of a 39-kda protein. mutant strains of s. suis were generated by transposon tn916 mutagenesis and were tested for adhesion to embryonic bovine tracheal cells and porcine tracheal rings. compar ... | 2001 | 11480520 |
| experimental colonization of piglets and gilts with systemic strains of haemophilus parasuis and streptococcus suis to prevent disease. | haemophilus parasuis and streptococcus suis are both major causes of losses during the nursery period, especially in herds using the segregated early weaning system. in this system, only a few piglets may be colonized with the herd's prevalent systemic strain, which results in infection of naive penmates late in the nursery. in view of these factors, the objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the early colonization of piglets with the farm's prevalent systemic strain of h. parasuis and s ... | 2001 | 11480521 |
| experimental infection of specific pathogen free piglets with french strains of streptococcus suis capsular type 2. | a standardized model of streptococcus suis type 2 infection in specific-pathogen-free piglets, housed in high-security barns, was used to compare the virulence of 3 french field strains of s. suis serotype 2 isolated from tonsils of a healthy pig (strain 65) or from diseased pigs (meningitis, strain 166', or septicemia, strain 24). in one of the 2 trials, 7-week-old pigs, in 3 groups of 8, were inoculated intravenously with 2 x 10(8) colony-forming units of s. suis type 2. in each group, 1 uninf ... | 2001 | 11480526 |
| endocarditis and meningitis caused by streptococcus suis after cardiac surgery in a sheep. | a female dorset-cross sheep developed labored respirations and was anorexic, weak, ataxic and febrile (42.0 degrees c) 15 days after implantation of a cardiac device. clinical pathologic evaluation identified a mild leukocytosis (11,800 cells/microl), neutrophilia (8,969 cells/microl), and hypokalemia (2.9 mmol/l). despite intensive therapy, the animal was euthanized 7 days later. necropsy of the sheep revealed meningitis and vegetative endocarditis associated with the cardiac device. blood cult ... | 2000 | 11487230 |
| experimental infection of conventional pigs with streptococcus suis serotype 2 by aerosolic exposure. | | 2001 | 11503376 |
| [streptococcus suis meningitis]. | human infection by streptococcus suis (s. suis) is a zoonosis, with a known occupational risk and clinical presentation mainly as a purulent meningitis with low mortality and frequent hearing loss and ataxia sequela. less than 150 human cases have been reported since original one thirty years ago. there is a geographical distribution most patients living in northern europe and south asia. s. suis disease in human has been reported in two patients in spain the last years. we present two patients ... | 2001 | 11503579 |
| aerogenous infection of microbiologically defined minipigs with streptococcus suis serotype 2. a new model. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is the cause of serious infections in animals and humans, but certain aspects of the infection pathogenesis still remain unclear. in this study an experimental model of aerogenous infection and induction of septicemia with s. suis serotype 2 was established in microbiologically defined göttingen minipigs. ten animals were exposed to aerosolized s. suis after previous exposure to mild acetic acid in aerosol. six of the animals were immunosuppressed with prednisolone ... | 2001 | 11506472 |
| distribution of the ssudat1i restriction-modification system among different serotypes of streptococcus suis. | the ssudat1i restriction-modification (r-m) system, which contains two methyltransferases and two restriction endonucleases with recognition sequence 5'-gatc-3', was first found in a field isolate of streptococcus suis serotype 2. isoschizomers of the r-m system were found in the same locus between purh and purd in a field isolate of serotype 1/2 and the reference strains of serotypes 3, 7, 23, and 26 among 29 strains of different serotypes examined in this study. the r-m gene sequences in serot ... | 2001 | 11514530 |
| bacteriological diagnosis of streptococcus suis meningitis. | | 2001 | 11561816 |
| streptococcus suis serotypes characterized by analysis of chaperonin 60 gene sequences. | streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of swine which occasionally infects humans as well. there are 35 serotypes known for this organism, and it would be desirable to develop rapid methods methods to identify and differentiate the strains of this species. to that effect, partial chaperonin 60 gene sequences were determined for the 35 serotype reference strains of s. suis. analysis of a pairwise distance matrix showed that the distances ranged from 0 to 0.275 when values were calculated by ... | 2001 | 11571190 |
| streptococcal infection in young pigs. v. an immunogenic polysaccharide from streptococcus suis type 2 with particular reference to vaccination against streptococcal meningitis in pigs. | of 17 pigs vaccinated with streptococcus suis type-2 capsular polysaccharide plus freund's incomplete adjuvant, all developed opsonizing antibody against str. suis type 2. of 14 pigs vaccinated with type-2 polysaccharide alone, 4 (possibly 6) developed opsonizing antibody. it is possible that some pigs vaccinated with polysaccharide plus freund's incomplete adjuvant developed opsonizing antibody in response to a 'booster' injection of polysaccharide alone. of 21 unvaccinated control pigs, late b ... | 1980 | 7451960 |
| thermosensitive suicide vectors for gene replacement in streptococcus suis. | three thermosensitive (ts) suicide vectors, pset4s, pset5s, and pset6s, have been constructed for gene replacement in streptococcus suis. each vector contains an antibiotic-resistance gene (spc or cat), a ts replication origin of pwv01 lineage, multiple cloning sites, lacz', and the cole1 replication origin of puc19. these vectors could be propagated at 37 degrees c in escherichia coli, but their replication was blocked above 37 degrees c in s. suis. moreover, the thermosensitivity of the replic ... | 2001 | 11591139 |
| group r streptococcal meningitis (streptococcus suis type ii): a new industrial disease? | | 1981 | 6780111 |
| the role of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | the objective of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the complex interaction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine pulmonary intravascular macrophages (pims). pims play an important role in pulmonary surveillance, and in the past few years we have investigated their role in prrsv infection. prrsv antigens and nucleic acids have been demonstrated in pims both in vitro and in vivo. examination of cultured pims infected with prrsv reve ... | 2000 | 11708601 |
| assessment of protective efficacy of live and killed vaccines based on a non-encapsulated mutant of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | the protective efficacy of a live and killed non-encapsulated isogenic mutant of streptococcus suis serotype 2 was determined in pigs, and compared with the efficacy of the capsulated wild-type strain. spf pigs were vaccinated twice intramuscularly at 4 and 7 weeks of age with a dose of 1 x 10(9) formalin-killed cfu of the wild-type (wt-bac), formalin-killed non-encapsulated mutant (cm-bac) or live non-encapsulated mutant (cm-live) strain. after 2 weeks, vaccinated pigs and non-vaccinated contro ... | 2002 | 11731168 |
| toward a structural understanding of the dehydratase mechanism. | dtdp-d-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (rmlb) was first identified in the l-rhamnose biosynthetic pathway, where it catalyzes the conversion of dtdp-d-glucose into dtdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose. the structures of rmlb from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in complex with substrate deoxythymidine 5'-diphospho-d-glucose (dtdp-d-glucose) and deoxythymidine 5'-diphosphate (dtdp), and rmlb from streptococcus suis serotype 2 in complex with dtdp-d-glucose, dtdp, and deoxythymidine 5'-diphospho-d-pyrano ... | 2002 | 11796113 |
| streptococcus suis infection in northern thailand. | a ten-case report of streptococcus suis infection was reported in lamphun, northern thailand from 1999 to 2000. ten patients were admitted to lampoon provincial hospital with a history of high fever, watery diarrhea, severe myalgia and ecchymosis rashes. the disease progressed rapidly and all patients died within 24-48 hours after admission from complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), acute renal failure (arf) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). epidemiolog ... | 2001 | 11804263 |
| characterization of streptococcus suis genes encoding proteins homologous to sortase of gram-positive bacteria. | many surface proteins which are covalently linked to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria have a consensus c-terminal motif, leu-pro-x-thr-gly (lpxtg). this sequence is cleaved, and the processed protein is attached to an amino group of a cross-bridge in the peptidoglycan by a specific enzyme called sortase. using the type strain of streptococcus suis, nctc 10234, we found five genes encoding proteins that were homologous to sortases of other bacteria and determined the nucleotide sequences o ... | 2002 | 11807057 |
| streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in pigs: new diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects. | in a study aimed at improving the diagnosis and elucidating the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in pigs, a combination of bacterial culture and histopathological and immunohistochemical examination was applied to a range of tissues from 42 naturally infected pigs with typical macroscopical lesions. by culture, 21 pigs (50%) were shown to be systemically infected with s. suis serotype 2; seven (17%) were infected with s. suis serotype 7, two with other bacteria, and 12 yie ... | 2002 | 11814322 |
| modification of the peptidoglycan of escherichia coli in the viable but nonculturable state. | the aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of peptidoglycan and the state of some of the enzymes involved in its metabolism in escherichia coli kn126 in the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state which is a survival strategy adopted by bacteria (including those of medical interest) when exposed to environmental stresses. when entering the vbnc state, e. coli cells miniaturised and became coccus-shaped. analysis of peptidoglycan chemical composition, by separation in hplc of mur ... | 2002 | 11815857 |
| cloning of the o-acetylserine lyase gene from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium hd4. | the gene coding for o-acetylserine lyase (oasl) was cloned from a selenomonas ruminantium hd4 lambda zap ii genomic library by degenerative probe hybridization and complementation. sequence analysis revealed a 933 bp orf with a g + c content of 53%. the orf had significant homology with enzymes involved in cysteine biosynthesis. a curablastn homology search showed that the orf shared 59% nucleotide identity with the cysk of bacillus subtilis. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited high (>70%) ... | 2002 | 11821922 |
| tiamulin activity against fastidious and nonfastidious veterinary and human bacterial isolates: initial development of in vitro susceptibility test methods. | tiamulin is a pleuromutilin derivative used in veterinary practice for the control and specific therapy of infections in swine. this report summarizes studies to establish standardized susceptibility testing methods, interpretive criteria, and reagent details for use in veterinary methods recently developed by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) (standards m31-a and m37-a, nccls, wayne, pa., 1999). a total of 636 fastidious and nonfastidious animal and human pathogen ... | 2002 | 11825957 |
| genetic diversity of streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs and humans as revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the genetic diversity of 123 streptococcus suis strains of capsular types 2, 1/2, 3, 7, and 9, isolated from pigs in france and from humans in different countries, was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of dna restricted with smai. the method was highly discriminative (d = 0.98), results were reproducible, and the pfge analysis was easy to interpret. among all s. suis strains, 74 pfge patterns were shown. at 60% homology, three groups (a, b, and c) were identified, and at 69% h ... | 2002 | 11825980 |
| the functions of ca(2+) in bacteria: a role for ef-hand proteins? | in bacteria, ca(2+) is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including the cell cycle and cell division. dedicated influx and efflux systems tightly control the low cytoplasmic ca(2+) levels in prokaryotes. additionally, the growing number of proteins containing various ca(2+)-binding motifs supports the importance of ca(2+), which controls various protein functions by affecting protein stability, enzymatic activity or signal transduction. the existence of calmodulin-like proteins ... | 2002 | 11827810 |
| prevalence and diversity of arcobacter spp. isolated from the internal organs of spontaneous porcine abortions in denmark. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and possible significance of campylobacteria in pig abortions in denmark. surface-cauterised liver and kidney samples from 55 aborted pig fetuses submitted to the danish veterinary laboratory were taken and a sensitive isolation procedure used to examine pooled tissue samples for campylobacter, arcobacter and helicobacter spp. routine microbiological, immunological, and histopathological examinations were also performed to identify concurrent inf ... | 2002 | 11844622 |
| the gram-positive tonsillar and nasal flora of piglets before and after weaning. | to investigate gram-positive nasal and tonsillar microbial flora of piglets before and after weaning. | 2001 | 11851806 |
| contribution of fibronectin-binding protein to pathogenesis of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | in the present study we investigated the role of the fibronectin (fn)- and fibrinogen (fgn)-binding protein (fbps) in the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis serotype 2 in piglets. the complete gene encoding fbps from s. suis serotype 2 was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the occurrence of the gene in various serotypes was analyzed by hybridization studies. the fbps protein was expressed in e. coli and purified, and binding to human fn and fgn was demonstrated. the induction of antibodi ... | 2002 | 11854216 |
| streptococcus suis infection in hong kong. | twenty-five patients were admitted to two hospitals in hong kong for streptococcus suis infection between 1984 and 1993. among them, 15 (60%) had an occupational exposure to pigs or pork, and four had a clear history of skin injury up to 16 days before admission. examination of the cerebrospinal fluid of 21 patients confirmed the presence of meningitis in every case; the remaining four patients who did not have lumbar punctures had each presented with arthritis, bronchopneumonia, endocarditis an ... | 1995 | 7894987 |
| [homogeneity study on the streptococcus suis isolated from human and swine]. | to identify s. suis and to evaluate the homogeneity of isolates of s. suis from human and swine. | 2000 | 11860827 |
| [studies on human streptococcal infectious syndrome caused by infected pigs]. | to demonstrate the clinical manifestations of s. suis infectious syndrome; to study the characteristics of causative organism and its source. | 2000 | 11860922 |
| cd14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human thp-1 monocytes stimulated by streptococcus suis capsular type 2. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important aetiologic agent of swine meningitis, and it has been highlighted as a cause of occupational disease leading to meningitis and fulminant sepsis in humans. the objective of the present work was to study the ability of s. suis type 2 to induce the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6, il-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (mcp-1) by human monocytic thp-1 cells. the induction of these five cytokines wa ... | 2002 | 11876746 |
| identification and composition of the streptococcal and enterococcal flora of tonsils, intestines and faeces of pigs. | streptococcus suis was the most frequent streptococcus spp. in pig tonsils, followed by the beta-haemolytic porcine 'equisimilis' ecovar of strep. dysgalactiae. the intestinal streptococcal flora was composed of strep. bovis, strep. hyointestinalis and strep. suis. many of these intestinal strep. suis belonged to a beta-glucuronidase-negative biotype which is infrequent in lesions. nearly half of the strains presumptively identified as strep. alactolyticus produced acid from lactose. this specie ... | 1994 | 7928781 |
| an enzyme-based in situ hybridisation method for the identification of streptococcus suis. | a method for enzyme-based in situ hybridisation of streptococcus suis was developed. it enables the light microscopic localization of bacterial ribosomal rna (rrna) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. a unique sequence in the 16s rrna of s. suis was targeted. different pretreatment protocols were applied to facilitate probe penetration and multiple detection systems were tested. the results were compared to those obtained by immunohistochemistry. pretreatment was necessary to obtain a s ... | 2001 | 11890569 |
| genetic bases and medical relevance of capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in pathogenic streptococci. | many streptococci are human and/or animal pathogens and the frequent cause of life-threatening diseases. among various streptococcal virulence factors, capsular polysaccharides (cps) are recognized as essential to prevent phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. in the last decade, an impressive advance on the knowledge of the genetic bases underlying capsule formation has been achieved. the capsular gene cluster driving the formation of the cp of streptococcus pyogenes and other hyaluronate ... | 2001 | 11899092 |
| streptococcus entericus sp. nov., isolated from cattle intestine. | biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on an unknown gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organism isolated from the intestine of a cow affected with catarrhal enteritis. the organism was tentatively identified as a streptococcal species based on results of cellular morphological and biochemical tests. 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed its provisional identification as a member of the genus streptococcus, but the organism did not correspo ... | 2002 | 11931181 |
| biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. | the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ... | 2002 | 11989739 |
| changes in the leucocyte subpopulations of the palatine tonsillar crypt epithelium of pigs in response to streptococcus suis type 2 infection. | the tonsils are portal of entry and a site of multiplication and persistence for a variety of pathogens, including streptococcus suis (s. suis), which is a common cause of meningitis, septicemia and arthritis in pigs. understanding the early changes that occur in the first barrier of the tonsil, i.e. the crypt epithelium, in response to s. suis infection is critical in clarifying the pathogenesis of this disease and for the future development of efficient methods of mucosal vaccination. in this ... | 2002 | 12052342 |
| streptococcus suis interactions with the murine macrophage cell line j774: adhesion and cytotoxicity. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important etiological agent of swine meningitis, and it is also a zoonotic agent. since one hypothesis of the pathogenesis of s. suis infection is that bacteria enter the bloodstream and invade the meninges and other tissues in close association with mononuclear phagocytes, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of s. suis type 2 to adhere to macrophages. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was standardized to simply an ... | 2002 | 12117940 |
| bacterial colonization and invasion in pigs experimentally exposed to streptococcus suis serotype 2 in aerosol. | a recently developed porcine model for aerogenous infection with streptococcus suis serotype 2 was applied in a study of the phases of bacterial colonization and initial invasion. eighteen pigs were exposed to aerosolized s. suis serotype 2 after pre-exposure to mild acetic acid in aerosol. the animals were killed consecutively within the first six days after challenge. after death, all animals were necropsied and examined by bacteriology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. systemic infec ... | 2002 | 12121040 |
| plasma haptoglobin concentration in swine after challenge with streptococcus suis. | eight 15-week-old pigs, reared under specific pathogen-free conditions, were inoculated with streptococcus suis serotype 2. the animals were monitored before and after challenge by measuring rectal temperature, recording specific clinical symptoms and collecting blood samples for haptoglobin determination. twenty-four hours after infection, the average haptoglobin plasma concentration of the animal group increased significantly and reached a maximum 4 days post-inoculation, followed by a constan ... | 2002 | 12121045 |
| streptococcus gallinaceus sp. nov., from chickens. | three isolates of an unknown gram-positive, catalase-negative, chain-forming, coccus-shaped organism isolated from an outbreak of septicaemia in a flock of adult broiler parents were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the bacterium represents a new subline within the genus streptococcus, related to, albeit distinct from, streptococcus acidominimus, streptococcus ovis, streptococcus suis and close relatives. ... | 2002 | 12148622 |
| multiplex pcr assays for simultaneous detection of six major serotypes and two virulence-associated phenotypes of streptococcus suis in tonsillar specimens from pigs. | multiplex pcr assays for the detection and identification of various streptococcus suis strains in tonsillar specimens from pigs were developed and evaluated. in two separate reactions, five distinct dna targets were amplified. three targets, based on the s. suis capsular polysaccharide (cps) genes specific for serotypes 1 (and 14), 7, and 9, were amplified in multiplex pcr i. two other targets, based on the serotype 2- (and 1/2-) specific cps gene and the epf gene, encoding the ef proteins of v ... | 2002 | 12149353 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from swine in france and from humans in different countries between 1996 and 2000. | the susceptibility of 135 streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs (n = 110) and from humans (n = 25) to 13 antimicrobial agents was studied by microdilution and disc diffusion methods using mueller-hinton agar ii (mh) supplemented with either defibrinated sheep blood (mhsb) or horse serum (mhhs). results were similar for both methods used except for penicillin g whose zone diameters were reduced with mhsb compared with mhhs. when mh was supplemented with sheep blood, 39% of s. suis strains ... | 2002 | 12161400 |
| septic shock caused by streptococcus suis: case report and investigation of a risk group. | a case of septic shock caused by streptococcus suis type 2 occurred in a 36-year-old truck driver who transported pigs. here, as well as in nearly all other cases of s. suis infections reported to date, close occupational contact with pork or pigs preceded the incident. this epidemiological link may be explained by the frequent occurrence of s. suis as a commensal and opportunistic germ in pigs. in order to assess the potential risk for an infection with s. suis, 132 workers in pig slaughtering, ... | 2002 | 12173538 |
| streptococcus suis infection in thailand. | this is a retrospective study of streptococcus suis infection in humans submitted to the national streptococcal referrence center of thailand from 1994 to 2001. there were 11 men and 6 women whose mean age was 46.24 years (range 1 month to 75 years). among the men, two had known occupational and behavioral exposure to pork or meat products. among the women, one was a butcher and three were housewives. half of the patients had underlying diseases. one patient had congenital hydrocephalus, three p ... | 2002 | 12188400 |
| distribution of environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis serotype 2 among s. suis serotypes and other organisms. | the occurrence of 36 environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis strain 10 among all 35 s. suis serotypes was determined by using hybridization with the amplified genes as probes. in addition, the distribution of these genes among the virulence phenotypes of serotypes 1 and 2 was assessed. hybridization was also performed with various other streptococcal species and nonstreptococcal bacterial species which may be present in pigs. interestingly, probe ivs-25/iri-1, similar to agra and s ... | 2002 | 12202563 |
| antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in european wild boars from southcentral spain. | serum samples from 78 european wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested during the 1999-2000 hunting season were tested for antibodies to brucella spp., classical swine fever virus, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, salmonella serogroups b, c, and d, streptococcus suis, and swine influenza virus (siv) serotypes h1n1 a ... | 2002 | 12238391 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of dpr, a ferritin-like protein from the gram-positive meningitis-associated bacterium streptococcus suis. | ferritin-like proteins form a novel family of bacterial proteins with diverse functions, such as dna binding, iron storage and cell activation. a common structural feature of these proteins is their ability to form spherical dodecamers. dpr is a ferritin-like protein from the gram-positive bacterium streptococcus suis. full-length and truncated dpr were expressed and purified as 6xhis-tag fusion proteins. crystals of truncated dpr suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis were obtained after the r ... | 2002 | 12351836 |
| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the pig pathogen streptococcus suis: identification of virulent clones and potential capsular serotype exchange. | streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and occasionally causes serious human disease. however, little is known about the s. suis population structure, the clonal relationships between strains, the potential of particular clones to cause disease, and the relevance of serotype as a marker for epidemiology. here we describe a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for s. suis developed in order to begin to address these issues. seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 294 s. su ... | 2002 | 12354864 |
| what happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. | since the division of the streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the streptococcus genus have taken place. the application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. the lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. the lan ... | 2002 | 12364372 |
| streptococcus suis infection as a cause of severe illness: 2 cases from croatia. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that can be spread to humans, e.g. butchers, abattoir workers and farmers, by contact with pigs. human infection is most frequently manifested as purulent meningitis, in combination with deafness and ataxia, but there have been rare reports of septic shock leading to multiorgan failure and death. we report 2 patients with s. suis type 1 infection. one patient suffered an abrupt and severe illness, with septic shock leading to multiorgan failure and death, w ... | 2002 | 12374361 |
| distribution of streptococcus suis capsular types in 1993. | | 1994 | 8076284 |
| genetic diversity of streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 1/2 isolates recovered from carrier pigs in closed herds. | the aim of this study was to compare, by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), the diversity of streptococcus suis serotypes 1/2 and 2 isolates recovered at slaughter houses from the tonsils of clinically healthy pigs. the pigs belonged to herds with or without clinical signs of s. suis disease. overall, a low diversity was observed among isolates of serotype 1/2. a representative isolate recovered from a diseased animal presented a relatively high similarity (85%), with most isolates recov ... | 2002 | 12418779 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) coinfections in us field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the prevalence of different pathogens detected in combination with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was studied retrospectively in field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) diagnosed at the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory, ames, iowa, between january 2000, and september 2001. the presence of pcv-2 antigen in lymphoid tissues and/or lung, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, together with moderate to severe lymphoid depletion and/or granulomatous ly ... | 2002 | 12423038 |
| identification and characterization of two temperature-induced surface-associated proteins of streptococcus suis with high homologies to members of the arginine deiminase system of streptococcus pyogenes. | the present study was performed to identify stress-induced putative virulence proteins of streptococcus suis. for this, protein expression patterns of streptococci grown at 32, 37, and 42 degrees c were compared by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. temperature shifts from 32 and 37 to 42 degrees c induced expression of two cell wall-associated proteins with apparent molecular masses of approximately 47 and 53 kda. amino-terminal sequence analysis of the two proteins indicated homolog ... | 2002 | 12446626 |
| molecular basis of h2o2 resistance mediated by streptococcal dpr. demonstration of the functional involvement of the putative ferroxidase center by site-directed mutagenesis in streptococcus suis. | h(2)o(2) is an unavoidable cytotoxic by-product of aerobic life. dpr, a recently discovered member of the dps protein family, provides a means for catalase-negative bacteria to tolerate h(2)o(2). potentially, dpr could bind free intracellular iron and thus inhibit the fenton chemistry-catalyzed formation of toxic hydroxyl radicals (h(2)o(2) + fe(2+) --> (.)oh + (-)oh + fe(3+)). we explored the in vivo function of dpr in the catalase- and nadh peroxidase-negative pig and human pathogen streptococ ... | 2003 | 12501248 |
| clonal distribution of an atypical mrp+, ef*, and suilysin+ phenotype of virulent streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains in brazil. | streptococcus suis is considered one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens worldwide. the distribution of the 35 described serotypes in diseased animals may vary in different regions. data regarding s. suis isolation from pigs in south america is not available. in the present study, 51 isolates of s. suis recovered in pure culture or as the predominant species from diseased animals in brazil, were analyzed. these isolates were classified as serotypes 2 (58.8%), 3 (21.5%), 7 (13.7%), 1 ... | 2003 | 12528829 |
| discrimination between virulent and nonvirulent streptococcus suis type 2 strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | discrimination between virulent and nonvirulent strains of streptococcus suis type 2 will allow proper diagnosis of diseased pigs and the identification of carrier pigs. to discriminate between virulent and nonvirulent strains, we developed two double antibody sandwich (das) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against two virulence markers of s. suis type 2. one mab was directed against the 136-kilodalton (kda) cell-wall-associated protein, de ... | 1993 | 8447081 |
| a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay specific for streptococcus suis based on the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers that flank a 688-bp segment within the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) of streptococcus suis type 2 could amplify efficiently the dna of all 306 (100%) clinical s. suis isolates tested (pigs, n=305; human, n=1) encompassing all serotypes obtained from diverse organs, and geographic origins. when dna from other bacteria were used as templates for amplification, no product was detected indicating specificity of the primers. multiplex pcr was developed usi ... | 2003 | 12583901 |
| pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release by human brain microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a world-wide agent of diseases among pigs including meningitis, septicemia and arthritis. this microorganism is also recognized as an important zoonotic agent. the pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by s. suis is poorly understood. we have previously shown that s. suis is able to adhere to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), but not to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec). the objective of this work was to study the ability of s. suis ... | 2003 | 12589957 |
| role of suilysin in pathogenesis of streptococcus suis capsular serotype 2. | three suilysin (sly) knockout mutant strains of streptococcus suis serotype 2 were generated by allelic replacement from one north american and two european wild type strains. the mutants were characterized by southern blot, western blot and phenotyping. in vitro bactericidal testing showed that both wild type and sly mutants were resistant to bactericidal factors in whole pig blood. to demonstrate the role of sly during s. suis infection, four animal trials were carried out using young pigs. ei ... | 2003 | 12620382 |
| allelic variation in srtas of streptococcus suis strains. | streptococcus suis nctc10234 possesses five srta homologs: srta encodes sortase, which anchors surface proteins with an lpxtg motif to the cell wall, while the functions of the other four homologs (the srtbcd cluster and srte) remain unknown. the genetic organization of the srta region was found to be conserved in the 59 s. suis strains examined in this study. although the srtas in three of these strains showed strong sequence divergence, their functions were verified to be overlapping by geneti ... | 2003 | 12620620 |