| the drosophila mapk p38c regulates oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in the intestine. | the p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase signaling cassette has been implicated in stress and immunity in evolutionarily diverse species. in response to a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological stresses p38 kinases phosphorylate various substrates, transcription factors of the atf family and other protein kinases, regulating cellular adaptation to stress. the drosophila genome encodes three p38 kinases named p38a, p38b and p38c. in this study, we have analyzed the role of p38c i ... | 2014 | 25254641 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel drosophila stress induced dnase. | drosophila melanogaster flies mount an impressive immune response to a variety of pathogens with an efficient system comprised of both humoral and cellular responses. the fat body is the main producer of the anti-microbial peptides (amps) with anti-pathogen activity. during bacterial infection, an array of secreted peptidases, proteases and other enzymes are involved in the dissolution of debris generated by pathogen clearance. although pathogen destruction should result in the release a large a ... | 2014 | 25083901 |
| control of postharvest soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora of vegetables by a strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its potential modes of action. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc), the causal agent of bacterial soft rot, is one of the destructive pathogens of postharvest vegetables. in this study, a bacterial isolate (bgp20) from the vegetable farm soil showed strong antagonistic activity against ecc in vitro, and its twofold cell-free culture filtrate showed excellent biocontrol effect in controlling the postharvest bacterial soft rot of potatoes at 25 °c. the anti-ecc metabolites produced by the isolate bgp20 had a high resista ... | 2013 | 23117674 |
| ecdysone mediates the development of immunity in the drosophila embryo. | beyond their role in cell metabolism, development, and reproduction, hormones are also important modulators of the immune system. in the context of inflammatory disorders, systemic administration of pharmacological doses of synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory treatment [1, 2]. however, not all actions of gcs are immunosuppressive, and many studies have suggested that physiological concentrations of gcs can have immunoenhancing effects [3-7]. for a more comprehe ... | 2014 | 24794300 |
| growth of bacterial phytopathogens in animal manures. | animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. we monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pectobacterium atros ... | 2017 | 28319994 |
| molecular characterization of spoilage bacteria as a means to observe the microbiological quality of carrot. | this study characterized the bacteria causing decay of carrots during storage and marketing. spoilage strains were identified by 16s-amplified rdna restriction analysis and intergenic transcribed spacer-pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (its-pcr-rflp). genotypic fingerprinting by rflp-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to assess the genetic diversity of the isolates. a total of 252 pseudomonas isolates from carrots were identified and classified into eight separate groups. most ... | 2012 | 22410227 |
| characterization and stress-induced expression analysis of alfin-like transcription factors in brassica rapa. | the alfin-like (al) transcription factors (tfs) family is involved in many developmental processes, including the growth and development of roots, root hair elongation, meristem development, etc. however, stress resistance-related function and the regulatory mechanism of these tfs have yet to be elucidated. this study identified 15 brassica rapa al (bral) tfs from brad database, analyzed the sequences and profiled their expression first time in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans ... | 2015 | 25618423 |
| identification and expression analysis of wrky family genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in brassica rapa. | wrky proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and they are involved in multiple biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. genes of this family have been well documented in response to many abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant species, but not yet against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in any of the plants. moreover, potentiali ... | 2015 | 25149146 |
| tissue communication in regenerative inflammatory signaling: lessons from the fly gut. | the intestine, as a barrier epithelium, serves in the first line of defense against invading pathogens and damaging agents that enter the body via food ingestion. maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is therefore key to organismal health. to maintain homeostasis, intestinal stem cells (iscs) continuously replace lost or damaged intestinal epithelial cells in organisms ranging from drosophila to humans. interestingly, intestinal damage upon ingestion of chemicals or pathogenic bacteria leads to ... | 2014 | 24795868 |
| loss of trabid, a new negative regulator of the drosophila immune-deficiency pathway at the level of tak1, reduces life span. | a relatively unexplored nexus in drosophila immune deficiency (imd) pathway is tgf-beta activating kinase 1 (tak1), which triggers both immunity and apoptosis. in a cell culture screen, we identified that lysine at position 142 was a k63-linked ubiquitin acceptor site for tak1, required for signalling. moreover, lysine at position 156 functioned as a k48-linked ubiquitin acceptor site, also necessary for tak1 activity. the deubiquitinase trabid interacted with tak1, reducing immune signalling ou ... | 2014 | 24586180 |
| antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), dickeya solani (dsol), pectobacterium atrosepticum (pba), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ... | 2015 | 26307771 |
| over-expression of superoxide dismutase ameliorates cr(vi) induced adverse effects via modulating cellular immune system of drosophila melanogaster. | the evolutionarily conserved innate immune system plays critical role for maintaining the health of an organism. however, a number of environmental chemicals including metals are known to exert adverse effects on immune system. the present study assessed the in vivo effect of a major environmental chemical, cr(vi), on cellular immune response using drosophila melanogaster and subsequently the protective role of superoxide dismutase (sod) based on the comparable performance of the tested anti-oxi ... | 2014 | 24505420 |
| pgrp-sc2 promotes gut immune homeostasis to limit commensal dysbiosis and extend lifespan. | interactions between commensals and the host impact the metabolic and immune status of metazoans. their deregulation is associated with age-related pathologies like chronic inflammation and cancer, especially in barrier epithelia. maintaining a healthy commensal population by preserving innate immune homeostasis in such epithelia thus promises to promote health and longevity. here, we show that, in the aging intestine of drosophila, chronic activation of the transcription factor foxo reduces exp ... | 2014 | 24439372 |
| simultaneous detection of brown rot- and soft rot-causing bacterial pathogens from potato tubers through multiplex pcr. | ralstonia solanacearum (smith) yabuuchi et al. and erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (jones) bergey et al. (pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) are the two major bacterial pathogens of potato causing brown rot (wilt) and soft rot diseases, respectively, in the field and during storage. reliable and early detection of these pathogens are keys to avoid occurrence of these diseases in potato crops and reduce yield loss. in the present study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) p ... | 2016 | 27480266 |
| [identification of soft rot pathogens on chinese cabbage [brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis (l.) makino var. communis tsen et lee] in beijing]. | this study aimed to identify soft rot pathogens of chinese cabbage [brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis (l.) makino var. communis tsen et lee] in beijing. | 2015 | 26939453 |
| egfr/ras signaling controls drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation via capicua-regulated genes. | epithelial renewal in the drosophila intestine is orchestrated by intestinal stem cells (iscs). following damage or stress the intestinal epithelium produces ligands that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) in iscs. this promotes their growth and division and, thereby, epithelial regeneration. here we demonstrate that the hmg-box transcriptional repressor, capicua (cic), mediates these functions of egfr signaling. depleting cic in iscs activated them for division, whereas overex ... | 2015 | 26683696 |
| signal integration by ca(2+) regulates intestinal stem-cell activity. | somatic stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis by dynamically adjusting proliferation and differentiation in response to stress and metabolic cues. here we identify ca(2+) signalling as a central regulator of intestinal stem cell (isc) activity in drosophila. we show that dietary l-glutamate stimulates isc division and gut growth. the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mglur) is required in iscs for this response, and for an associated modulation of cytosolic ca(2+) oscillations that results in su ... | 2015 | 26633624 |
| construction of a genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum provides new strategies for bactericide discovery. | we reconstructed the first genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pc1 based on its genomic sequence, annotation, and physiological data. metabolic characteristics were analyzed using flux balance analysis (fba), and the results were afterwards validated by phenotype microarray (pm) experiments. the reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model, ipc1209, contains 2235 reactions, 1113 metabolites and 1209 genes. we identified 19 potential ba ... | 2015 | 25535697 |
| genetic transformation of ornithogalum via particle bombardment and generation of pectobacterium carotovorum-resistant plants. | bacterial soft rot caused by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) is one of the most devastating diseases of ornithogalum species. no effective control measures are currently available to use against this pathogen; thus, introduction of resistant genes via genetic transformation into this crop is a promising approach. tachyplesin i, an antimicrobial peptide, has been shown to effectively control numerous pathogenic bacteria, including pcc. in this study, liquid-grown cell clusters ... | 2014 | 25438795 |
| linoleic acid-induced expression of defense genes and enzymes in tobacco. | linoleic acid (la) is a naturally occurring fatty acid (fa) found to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) of tobacco against the bacterial soft rot pathogen, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc). in this study, we examined effects of six doses of exogenous la on the induction of defense genes and enzymes. the optimum isr activity was observed in plants treated with 0.1mm la where the effect of la on membrane permeability was minimal. the application of la as a root drench enha ... | 2014 | 25238656 |
| correction for chatterjee et al., rsmc of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora negatively controls motility, extracellular protein production, and virulence by binding flhd and modulating transcriptional activity of the master regulator, flhdc. | | 2015 | 26581822 |
| crosslinking of a peritrophic matrix protein protects gut epithelia from bacterial exotoxins. | transglutaminase (tg) catalyzes protein-protein crosslinking, which has important and diverse roles in vertebrates and invertebrates. here we demonstrate that drosophila tg crosslinks drosocrystallin, a peritrophic matrix protein, to form a stable fiber structure on the gut peritrophic matrix. rna interference (rnai) of the tg gene was highly lethal in flies and induced apoptosis of gut epithelial cells after oral infection with pseudomonas entomophila. moreover, apra, a metalloprotease secreted ... | 2015 | 26506243 |
| draft genome sequence for icmp 5702, the type strain of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum that causes soft rot disease on potato. | pectobacterium species are economically important bacteria that cause soft rotting of potato tubers in the field and in storage. here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain for p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, icmp 5702 (atcc 15713). the genome sequence of icmp 5702 will provide an important reference for future phylogenomic and taxonomic studies of the phytopathogenic enterobacteriaceae. | 2015 | 26251498 |
| the role of the phylogenetically conserved cochaperone protein droj2/dnaja3 in nf-κb signaling. | the nf-κb pathway is a phylogenetically conserved signaling pathway with a central role in inflammatory and immune responses. here we demonstrate that a cochaperone protein, droj2/dnaja3, is involved in the activation of canonical nf-κb signaling in flies and in human cultured cells. overexpression of droj2 induced the expression of an antimicrobial peptide in drosophila. conversely, droj2 knockdown resulted in reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides and higher susceptibility to gram-negati ... | 2015 | 26245905 |
| rare events of intragenus and intraspecies horizontal transfer of the 16s rrna gene. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) of operational genes has been widely reported in prokaryotic organisms. however, informational genes such as those involved in transcription and translation processes are very difficult to be horizontally transferred, as described by woese's complexity hypothesis. here, we analyzed all of the completed prokaryotic genome sequences (2,143 genomes) in the ncbi (national center for biotechnology information) database, scanned for genomes with high intragenomic heterog ... | 2015 | 26220935 |
| genetic, molecular and physiological basis of variation in drosophila gut immunocompetence. | gut immunocompetence involves immune, stress and regenerative processes. to investigate the determinants underlying inter-individual variation in gut immunocompetence, we perform enteric infection of 140 drosophila lines with the entomopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas entomophila and observe extensive variation in survival. using genome-wide association analysis, we identify several novel immune modulators. transcriptional profiling further shows that the intestinal molecular state differs betwe ... | 2015 | 26213329 |
| l-asparaginase from streptomyces griseus niot-vkma29: optimization of process variables using factorial designs and molecular characterization of l-asparaginase gene. | marine actinobacteria are known to be a rich source for novel metabolites with diverse biological activities. in this study, a potential extracellular l-asparaginase was characterised from the streptomyces griseus niot-vkma29. box-behnken based optimization was used to determine the culture medium components to enhance the l-asparaginase production. ph, starch, yeast extract and l-asparagine has a direct correlation for enzyme production with a maximum yield of 56.78 iu ml(-1). a verification ex ... | 2015 | 26206135 |
| drosophila anti-nematode and antibacterial immune regulators revealed by rna-seq. | drosophila melanogaster activates a variety of immune responses against microbial infections. however, information on the drosophila immune response to entomopathogenic nematode infections is currently limited. the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora is an insect parasite that forms a mutualistic relationship with the gram-negative bacteria photorhabdus luminescens. following infection, the nematodes release the bacteria that quickly multiply within the insect and produce several toxins that ... | 2015 | 26162375 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of the t4-like bacteriophage pm2 infecting pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | in order to control pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a novel virulent bacteriophage pm2 was isolated. bacteriophage pm2 can infect 48% of p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and 78% of p. carotovorum subsp. brasilliensis but none of atrosepticum, betavasculorum, odoriferum and wasabiae isolates had been infected with pm2. pm2 phage belongs to the family myoviridae, and contains a large head and contractile tail. it has a 170,286 base pair genome that encodes 291 open reading frames ( ... | 2015 | 25774115 |
| signal integration by the iκb protein pickle shapes drosophila innate host defense. | pattern recognition receptors are activated following infection and trigger transcriptional programs important for host defense. tight regulation of nf-κb activation is critical to avoid detrimental and misbalanced responses. we describe pickle, a drosophila nuclear iκb that integrates signaling inputs from both the imd and toll pathways by skewing the transcriptional output of the nf-κb dimer repertoire. pickle interacts with the nf-κb protein relish and the histone deacetylase dhdac1, selectiv ... | 2016 | 27631699 |
| drosophila cells use nanotube-like structures to transfer dsrna and rnai machinery between cells. | tunnelling nanotubes and cytonemes function as highways for the transport of organelles, cytosolic and membrane-bound molecules, and pathogens between cells. during viral infection in the model organism drosophila melanogaster, a systemic rnai antiviral response is established presumably through the transport of a silencing signal from one cell to another via an unknown mechanism. because of their role in cell-cell communication, we investigated whether nanotube-like structures could be a mediat ... | 2016 | 27255932 |
| drosophila embryos as a model for wound-induced transcriptional dynamics: genetic strategies to achieve a localized wound response. | while many studies have established a paradigm for tissue repair at the level of cellular remodeling, it is not clear how an organism restricts a response only to the injured region of a damaged tissue. skin, the largest organ in the human body, is prone to injury, and repair of epidermal tissue represents a medically relevant system to investigate. significance: studies in drosophila melanogaster provide a robust genetic system to identify molecular components that will positively impact repair ... | 2016 | 27274436 |
| effects of pesticides on the reduction of plant and human pathogenic bacteria in application water. | overhead spray applications of in-field tomato treatments dissolved in aqueous solutions have specific pest targets (fungal, bacterial, insect, or other). any organism present in the solution or on treated plant surfaces that is not a specific target of the application is unlikely inactivated and can instead be spread through the phyllosphere. in this laboratory study, commercially labeled pesticides (including actigard 50wg, bravo weather stik 6f, cabrio 20eg, kasumin, kocide 3000 46wg, oxidate ... | 2013 | 23575141 |
| remote control of intestinal stem cell activity by haemocytes in drosophila. | the jak/stat pathway is a key signaling pathway in the regulation of development and immunity in metazoans. in contrast to the multiple combinatorial jak/stat pathways in mammals, only one canonical jak/stat pathway exists in drosophila. it is activated by three secreted proteins of the unpaired family (upd): upd1, upd2 and upd3. although many studies have established a link between jak/stat activation and tissue damage, the mode of activation and the precise function of this pathway in the dros ... | 2016 | 27231872 |
| control of postharvest bacterial soft rot by gamma irradiation and its potential modes of action. | gamma irradiation was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against a postharvest bacterial pathogen, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc). gamma irradiation in a bacteria cell suspension resulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts as well as an increase in the amounts of dna and protein released from the cells. gamma irradiation showed complete inactivation of ecc, especially at a dose of 0.6 kgy. in addition, scanning electron microscopy of irradiated ce ... | 2016 | 27147935 |
| screening bactericidal effect of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains against causal agent of potato soft rot. | this study focuses on the potential of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) strains producing bacteriocin as a tool to control potato soft rot disease. thirty out of 48 purified bacterial strains were characterized as pcc using specific pcr and phenotypic tests. the pathogenicity and pectate degrading assays were recorded positive for 13 strains. bacteriocin typing clustered producers into three groups according to their antimicrobial spectra. majority of the producers except stra ... | 2016 | 26523939 |
| transplastomic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing multiple defence genes encoding protease inhibitors and chitinase display broad-spectrum resistance against insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses. | plastid engineering provides several advantages for the next generation of transgenic technology, including the convenient use of transgene stacking and the generation of high expression levels of foreign proteins. with the goal of generating transplastomic plants with multiresistance against both phytopathogens and insects, a construct containing a monocistronic patterned gene stack was transformed into nicotiana benthamiana plastids harbouring sweet potato sporamin, taro cystatin and chitinase ... | 2014 | 24479648 |
| oem--a new medium for rapid isolation of onion-pathogenic and onion-associated bacteria. | onions (allium cepa l.) are plagued by a number of bacterial pathogens including pantoea ananatis, p. agglomerans, burkholderia cepacia, enterobacter cloacae, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. axonopodis and several pseudomonas spp. we developed a semi-selective medium, termed onion extract medium (oem), to selectively and rapidly isolate bacteria pathogenic to and associated with onions and onion-related samples including bulbs, seeds, sets, transplant se ... | 2012 | 23041494 |
| draft genome sequence of pantoea agglomerans r190, a producer of antibiotics against phytopathogens and foodborne pathogens. | pantoea agglomerans r190, isolated from an apple orchard, showed antibacterial activity against various spoilage bacteria, including pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7. here, we report the genome sequence of p. agglomerans r190. this report will raise the value of p. agglomerans as an agent for biocontrol of disease. | 2014 | 25087741 |
| [species composition of agents of the horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) bacteriosises]. | bacterial diseases of weeds horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) were revealed in the crops of wheat and soya in the fields of kyiv and vinnitsia regions of ukraine. the distinctive symptoms of bacterial affections on the root neck, on stalks of vegetative and spore shoots, on twigs were brown, dark brown or almost black necrotic spots of oblong form. the necroses increased in size, embraced the stalks. the stalks broke, the plants dried up. patterns of affected plants, isolated and identifie ... | 2012 | 22830194 |
| genomic overview of the phytopathogen pectobacterium wasabiae strain rns 08.42.1a suggests horizontal acquisition of quorum-sensing genes. | the blackleg and soft-rot diseases caused by pectinolytic enterobacteria such as pectobacterium and dickeya are major causes of losses affecting potato crop in the field and upon storage. in this work, we report the isolation, characterization and genome analysis of the pectobacterium wasabiae (formerly identified as pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) strain rns 08.42.1a, that has been isolated from a solanum tuberosum host plant in france. comparative genomics with 3 other p. wasabi ... | 2015 | 25297844 |
| ompf of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc3 is required for carocin d sensitivity. | carocin d is a bacteriocin produced by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21. carocin d inhibits the growth of p carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and closely related strains. pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a causative bacterium for soft rot disease and leads to severe economic losses. bacteriocins recognize and interact with a specific membrane protein of target bacteria as a receptor. to identify the receptor responsible for carocin d recognition, mutants that unde ... | 2016 | 27915254 |
| experimental evidence for proteins constituting virion components and particle morphogenesis of bacteriophage zf40. | bacteriophage zf40 is the only currently available, temperate myoviridae phage infecting the potato pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. despite its unusual tail morphology, its major tail sheath and tube proteins remained uncharacterized after the initial genome annotation. using esi tandem mass-spectrometry, 24 structural proteins of the zf40 virion were identified, with a sequence coverage ranging between 15.8% and 87.8%. the putative function of 16 proteins could be elucid ... | 2016 | 26887841 |
| plant pathogenic microbial communication affected by elevated temperature in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria regulate specific gene expression in a population density-dependent manner by sensing level of acyl-homoserine lactone (hsl) molecules which they produce and liberate to the environment, called quorum sensing (qs). the production of virulence factors (extracellular enzyme viz. cellulase, pectinase, etc.) in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) is under strong regulation of qs. the qs signal molecule, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (o ... | 2015 | 26271295 |
| ectopically expressed sweet pepper ferredoxin pflp enhances disease resistance to pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affected by harpin and protease-mediated hypersensitive response in arabidopsis. | plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) is a photosynthesis-type ferredoxin (fd) found in sweet pepper. it contains an iron-sulphur cluster that receives and delivers electrons between enzymes involved in many fundamental metabolic processes. it has been demonstrated that transgenic plants overexpressing pflp show a high resistance to many bacterial pathogens, although the mechanism remains unclear. in this investigation, the pflp gene was transferred into arabidopsis and its defective derivatives, ... | 2014 | 24796566 |
| trichokonins from trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2 induce resistance against gram-negative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in chinese cabbage. | peptaibols, mainly produced by trichoderma, play a pivotal role in controlling plant disease caused by fungi, virus, and gram-positive bacteria. in the current study, we evaluated the control effect of trichokonins, antimicrobial peptaibols from trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2, on soft rot disease of chinese cabbage caused by a gram-negative bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and analyzed the mechanism involved. trichokonins treatment (0.3 mg l(-1) ) enhanced the resistance ... | 2014 | 24655217 |
| biocontrol of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum using bacteriophage pp1. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (formerly erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is a plant pathogen that causes soft rot and stem rot diseases in several crops, including chinese cabbage, potato, and tomato. to control this bacterium, we isolated a bacteriophage, pp1, with lytic activity against p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pp1 phage belongs to the podoviridae family of the order caudovirales, which exhibit icosahedral heads ... | 2013 | 23727798 |
| expression of pr-protein genes and induction of defense-related enzymes by bacillus subtilis cbr05 in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants challenged with erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent bacillus subtilis cbr05 for control of soft rot disease (erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) in tomato, and the possible mechanisms of its resistance induction have been investigated under pot conditions. results showed that plants inoculated with b. subtilis cbr05 had lower disease incidence (36%). a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities was observed ... | 2016 | 27405462 |
| the arabidopsis defensin gene, atpdf1.1, mediates defence against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum via an iron-withholding defence system. | plant defensins (pdfs) are cysteine-rich peptides that have a range of biological functions, including defence against fungal pathogens. however, little is known about their role in defence against bacteria. in this study, we showed that the protein encoded by arabidopsis thaliana plant defensin type 1.1 (atpdf1.1) is a secreted protein that can chelate apoplastic iron. transcripts of atpdf1.1 were induced in both systemic non-infected leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants and those infected wit ... | 2017 | 28835670 |
| activation of a casb gene encoding β-glucosidase of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34. | two cas genes were isolated from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34). sequence analysis of the 4873 bp cloned dna fragment (accession number ay866383) revealed two open reading frames (casf and casb) that are predicted to encode 658 and 467 amino acid proteins, respectively. the casf protein is similar to other pts enzyme ii components. casb encodes β-glucosidase, a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 1. an inverted repeat sequence was identified in the casb promote ... | 2013 | 23176777 |
| [function of flgk gene in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp, carotovorum]. | to investigate functions of flgkpcc gene in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (p. c. c). | 2012 | 22934350 |
| taxonomic relatedness between pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum and pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense subsp. nov. | pectobacterium carotovorum is a heterogeneous species consisting of two named subspecies, p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and p. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum. a third subspecies, p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, was previously proposed. the study aimed to confirm the subspecies status and validate the proposed name of p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense using a novel and standard microbial taxonomy. | 2012 | 22747943 |
| over-expression of rice leucine-rich repeat protein results in activation of defense response, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial soft rot in chinese cabbage. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. the simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (elrr) domain proteins have been implicated in disease resistance. rice leucine-rich repeat protein (oslrp), a rice simple elrr domain protein, is induced by pathogens, phytohormones, and salt. to see whether oslrp enhances disease resistance to bacterial soft rot, oslrp was introduced into chinese cabbage by agrobacterium-mediated trans ... | 2012 | 22717673 |
| [dissociation of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumrelated to the changes in the cell wall lipopolysaccharide]. | it is shown for the first time that population heterogeneity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is applicable to a wide range of strains and therefore is a universal characteristic. using the method of specific selection with the help of carotovoricins which are identical to the phage tails a set of population dissociants of different types was obtained, due to the fact that s-lps is the part of the cell wall which contains their attachment sites. it was determined that changes in ... | 2012 | 22545443 |
| cloning and biochemical analysis of β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operon without phosphotransferase system in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34. | β-glucosidases are widespread in bacteria and involved in the metabolism of various carbohydrate substrates. studying of β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operons on operon of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34) will help us understanding how β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operon can cooperate with other systems in bacterium caused soft-rot disease. pcc ly34 causes soft-rot disease in plants and expresses multiple enzymatic forms of β-glucosidases. to fully explore the β-glu ... | 2012 | 22502871 |
| identification and characterization of stress resistance related genes of brassica rapa. | two biotic stress resistance related genes from the full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome were identified from est analysis and determined to be pathogenesis-related (pr) 12 brassica defensin-like family protein (brdlfp) and pr-10 brassica betv1 allergen family protein (brbetv1afp) after sequence analysis and homology study with other stress resistance related same family genes. in the expression analysis, both genes expressed in different organs and during all developmental growth ... | 2012 | 22286206 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of recombinant cel12b, cel8c, and peh28 overexpressed in escherichia coli and their potential in biofuel production. | the high crystallinity of cellulosic biomass myofibrils as well as the complexity of their intermolecular structure is a significant impediment for biofuel production. cloning of celb-, celc-encoded cellulases (cel12b and cel8c) and peh-encoded polygalacturonase (peh28) from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) was carried out in our previous study using escherichia coli as a host vector. the current study partially characterizes the enzymes' molecular structures as well as their ... | 2017 | 28413443 |
| genomic characterization of bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 infecting pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a new member of a proposed genus in the subfamily autographivirinae. | bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 (pp2) is a novel virulent phage that infects the plant-pathogenic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. pp2 phage has a 41,841-bp double-stranded dna encoding 47 proteins, and it was identified as a member of the family podoviridae by transmission electron microscopy. nineteen of its open reading frames (orfs) show homology to functional proteins, and 28 orfs have been characterized as hypothetical proteins. pp2 phage is homologous to cronobacter phag ... | 2017 | 28409265 |
| drosophila larvae food intake cessation following exposure to erwinia contaminated media requires odor perception, trpa1 channel and evf virulence factor. | when exposed to microorganisms, animals use several protective strategies. on one hand, as elegantly exemplified in drosophila melanogaster, the innate immune system recognizes microbial compounds and triggers an antimicrobial response. on the other hand, behaviors preventing an extensive contact with the microbes and thus reducing the risk of infection have been described. however, these reactions ranging from microbes aversion to intestinal transit increase or food intake decrease have been ra ... | 2017 | 28232220 |
| the ribosomal protein rply is required for pectobacterium carotovorum virulence and is induced by zantedeschia elliotiana extract. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain pccs1, a bacterial pathogen causing soft rot disease of zantedeschia elliotiana (colored calla), was investigated for virulence genes induced by the host plant. using a promoter-trap transposon (mariner), we obtained 500 transposon mutants showing kanamycin resistance dependent on extract of z. elliotiana. one of these mutants, pm86, exhibited attenuated virulence on both z. elliotiana and brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. the growth of pm86 wa ... | 2017 | 28853642 |
| the sal-pap chloroplast retrograde pathway contributes to plant immunity by regulating glucosinolate pathway and phytohormone signaling. | chloroplasts have a crucial role in plant immunity against pathogens. increasing evidence suggests that phytopathogens target chloroplast homeostasis as a pathogenicity mechanism. in order to regulate the performance of chloroplasts under stress conditions, chloroplasts produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression. many signals for the chloroplast retrograde pathway have been identified, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species, and metabolic retrograde signals ... | 2017 | 28703028 |
| a novel stress response mechanism, triggered by indole, involved in quorum quenching enzyme moml and iron-sulfur cluster in muricauda olearia th120. | indole, as a signal molecule, is involved in multiple physiological behavior including biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and virulence. in this study, we demonstrated that indole was involved in iron deficient and h2o2 stress response in muricauda olearia th120. transcriptome analysis showed that totally 206 genes were regulated by exogenous indole. besides, moml-suf gene cluster, consisting of quorum quenching enzyme coding gene moml and iron-sulfur biosynthetic genes suf, were involved ... | 2017 | 28652609 |
| cytr homolog of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum controls air-liquid biofilm formation by regulating multiple genes involved in cellulose production, c-di-gmp signaling, motility, and type iii secretion system in response to nutritional and environmental signals. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum [pcc (formerly erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora)] pc1 causes soft-rot disease in a wide variety of plant species by secreting multiple pathogenicity-related traits. in this study, regulatory mechanism of air-liquid (al) biofilm formation was studied using a cytr homolog gene deletion mutant (δcytr) of pcc pc1. compared to the wild type (pcc pc1), the δcytr mutant produced fragile and significantly (p < 0.001) lower amounts of al biofilm on salt-o ... | 2017 | 28620360 |
| antibacterial activities of the phytochemicals-characterized extracts of callistemon viminalis, eucalyptus camaldulensis and conyza dioscoridis against the growth of some phytopathogenic bacteria. | three bacterial isolates were isolated from infected potato tubers showing soft and brown rots like symptoms as well as one isolate from infected peach tree showing crown gall symptom. the morphological, biochemical and molecular assays proved that bacterial isolates belonging to pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, ralstonia solanacearum, dickeya spp. and agrobacterium tumefaciens. the acetone (ace) and n-butanol (bute) extracts of callistemon viminalis flowers and essential oil from ... | 2017 | 29126952 |
| the zinc finger protein cg12744 is essential for differentiation and regeneration after infection in the adult drosophila midgut. | pluripotent stem cell activity is essential to maintain regeneration and homeostasis in the drosophila midgut following environmental challenges. although multiple pathways have been implicated in epithelial renewal, the underlying regulatory mechanisms and correlations between relevant genes and pathways remain elusive. in this study, we show that the zinc finger protein cg12744 plays an important role in the differentiation and regeneration of epithelial cells in response to oral infection wit ... | 2017 | 29074370 |
| effect of salicylic acid on the growth and chemical responses of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | salicylic acid is a signal molecule which activates plant defense against plant pathogens such as the soft rot enterobacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. the objectives of study were to determine bactericidal effects of salicylic acid on the growth of p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and secondly, assess chemical responses of p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum to salicylic acid. | 2017 | 29023052 |
| complete genome sequence of the pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum virulent bacteriophage pm1. | pm1, a novel virulent bacteriophage that infects pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, was isolated. its morphological features were examined by electron microscopy, which indicated that this phage belongs to the family myoviridae. it has a 55,098-bp genome, including a 2,665-bp terminal repeat. a total of 63 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, but only 20 orfs possessed homology with functional proteins. there is one trna coding region, and the gc-content of the genome is 44.9 % ... | 2014 | 24643332 |
| [properties of pectolitic phytopathogenic bacteria isolates obtained in ukraine]. | bacteria obtained from potato tubers having symptoms of soft rot and grown in different regions of ukraine are identified as pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. these bacteria strains are able to produce bacteriocines. their killer activity in respect of p. carotovorum and esherichia coli has been studied. the sensitivity to bactericines has been shown. purified fractions of bacteriocines having high molecular weight (mctv) have been obtained. the difference in composition of proteins ... | 2014 | 24450188 |
| expression profile of stress-responsive arabidopsis thaliana mirnas and their target genes in response to inoculation with pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) is a soft rot bacterium which upon entry into the plant macerates plant tissues by producing plant cell wall degrading enzymes. it has a wide host range which includes carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers and cassava. during plant-microbe interactions, one of the ways of plant response to pathogen infection is through the small rna silencing mechanism. under pathogen attack the plant utilizes mi ... | 2017 | 29023006 |
| jnk/foxo mediated peroxiredoxinv expression regulates redox homeostasis during drosophila melanogaster gut infection. | innate immunity plays an important role in combating microbial infection in animals. during bacterial infection in drosophila melanogaster gut, dual oxidase (duox) generates reactive oxygen species (ros) to fight against the infected microbes. concurrently, antioxidant systems eliminate residual ros and protect the hosts. here we found that drosophila melanogaster peroxiredoxin v (dprxv) is an immune-related antioxidant enzyme which maintains intestinal redox homeostasis. dprxv was highly expres ... | 2012 | 22858408 |
| transfer of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains isolated from potatoes grown at high altitudes to pectobacterium peruviense sp. nov. | seven gram-negative, rod-shaped pectinolytic bacteria strains designated as ifb5227, ifb5228, ifb5229, ifb5230, ifb5231, ifb5232, ifb5636, isolated from potato tubers cultivated in peru at high altitude (2400-3800m) were subjected to polyphasic analyses that revealed their distinctiveness from the other pectobacterium species. phylogenetic analyses based on five housekeeping genes (gyra, reca, recn, rpoa and rpos) clearly showed strains separateness, simultaneously indicating pectobacterium atro ... | 2017 | 29325987 |
| [aide encodes an n-acyl homoserine lactonase in acinetobacter]. | quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-cell communication mechanism that allows bacterial populations to coordinate gene expression in response to cell density. n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahl) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many gram negative bacteria. acinetobacter sp. 77, an ahl-degrading bacterium, was isolated in our previous work. the gene aide for ahl inactivation was cloned in this study by screening a genomic dna library. the deduced protein aide is 268 amino acids in length and s ... | 2017 | 28956406 |