| potential impact of the vitek 2 system and the advanced expert system on the clinical laboratory of a university-based hospital. | a study was designed to assess the impact of the vitek 2 automated system and the advanced expert system (aes) on the clinical laboratory of a typical university-based hospital. a total of 259 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae members, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were collected and tested by the vitek 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed by the aes. the results were also analyzed by a huma ... | 2001 | 11427542 |
| novel cefotaximase (ctx-m-16) with increased catalytic efficiency due to substitution asp-240-->gly. | three clinical strains (escherichia coli rio-6, e. coli rio-7, and enterobacter cloacae rio-9) collected in 1996 and 1999 from hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and gave a positive double-disk synergy test. two bla(ctx-m) genes encoding beta-lactamases of pl 7.9 and 8.2 were implicated in this resistance: the bla(ctx-m-9) gene observed in e. coli rio-7 and e. cloacae rio-9 and a novel ctx-m-encoding gene, designated bla(ctx-m-16), observed in e. ... | 2001 | 11451684 |
| novel class a beta-lactamase sed-1 from citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of beta-lactamases within the citrobacter genus. | citrobacter sedlakii 2596, a clinical strain resistant to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, but remaining susceptible to acylureidopenicillins, carbapenems, and later cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, was isolated from the bile of a patient treated with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. the isolate produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase of pi 8.6, named sed-1, which was purified. characterized by a molecular mass of 30 kda, sed-1 pref ... | 2001 | 11451687 |
| in vitro activities of abt-773, a new ketolide, against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | the comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against 207 aerobic and 162 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed that erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal strains were susceptible to abt-773 (< or =0.125 microg/ml); the mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited for haemophilus influenzae and other haemophilus spp. was 4 microg/ml; and all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevotella species strains were inhibited by < or =0.125 microg/ml. among the anaerobes teste ... | 2001 | 11451698 |
| evaluation of vitek 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. | a total of 281 strains of miscellaneous members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by use of identification tests with the vitek 2 system (biomérieux) and an api identification system (biomérieux). a total of 237 (95%) strains were correctly identified to the species level. only six (2.1%) strains were misidentified, and eight (2.8%) strains were not identified. among 14 strains with discrepant identifications, 8 (57.1%) stra ... | 2001 | 11474023 |
| blood stream infections in a medical intensive care unit: spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | to determine the type and sensitivity pattern of causative organisms of septicaemia in intensive care unit, to prepare a guideline for empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2001 | 11475775 |
| detection of legionellae in hospital water samples by quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr. | contamination of hospital water systems with legionellae is a well-known cause of nosocomial legionellosis. we describe a new real-time lightcycler pcr assay for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. primers that amplify both a 386-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from legionella spp. and a specifically cloned fragment of the phage lambda, added to each sample as an internal inhibitor control, were used. the amplified products were detected by use of a dual-color hy ... | 2001 | 11525995 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| ampd is required for regulation of expression of nmca, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae. | to further elucidate the induction process of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of ambler class a, nmca, ampd genes of the wild-type (wt) strain and of ceftazidime-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae nor-1 were cloned and tested in transcomplementation experiments. ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae nor-1 mutants exhibited derepressed expression of the ampc-type cephalosporinase and of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca. the ampd genes of escherichia coli and e. cloacae w ... | 2001 | 11557489 |
| biochemical-genetic characterization of the chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from rahnella aquatilis. | from whole-cell dna of a clinical isolate of the enterobacterial species rahnella aquatilis, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned that encoded a chromosomally encoded ambler class a enzyme, rahn-1. rahn-1, with a pi of 7.2, shares 76, 73, and 71% amino acid identity with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of chromosomal origin from serratia fonticola and with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases ctx-m-2 and ctx-m-1, respectively. the hydrolysis spectrum of the clavulanic acid-inhibited rahn-1 was ... | 2001 | 11557504 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. | beta-lactamases continue to be the leading cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. in recent years there has been an increased incidence and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), enzymes that hydrolyze and cause resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam. the majority of esbls are derived from the widespread broad-spectrum beta-lactamases tem-1 and shv-1. there are also new families of esbls, including the ctx-m and oxa-type enzyme ... | 2001 | 11585791 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| long-term outcome of neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis treated with imipenem/meropenem and surgical drainage. | neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis is often complicated by the formation of brain abscesses and has a poor neurological outcome with seizures, mental retardation and paresis as sequelae in 50% of the cases. as there is emerging resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporins, we attempted to treat this infection with carbapenems. carbapenems in combination with cefotaxime and surgical drainage may play an important role in treating c. koseri meningitis. | 2001 | 11688908 |
| systematic analysis of a conserved region of the aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase type ib. | alanine-scanning mutagenesis was applied to the aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase type ib conserved motif b, and the effects of the substitutions were analyzed by measuring the mics of kanamycin (kan) and its semisynthetic derivative, amikacin (amk). several substitutions resulted in no major change in mics. e167a and f171a resulted in derivatives that lost the ability to confer resistance to kan and amk. p155a, p157a, n159a, l160a, i163a, k168a, and g170a conferred intermediate levels of re ... | 2001 | 11709299 |
| cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | there is little information about the clinical effectiveness of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens. some inferences have been drawn from laboratory studies, which have usually involved only one or a few strains of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae or escherichia coli that produced only a limited range of esbls. such studies are indirect, sometimes conflicting, indicators of efficacy. to exte ... | 2001 | 11709338 |
| characterization of a chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from kluyvera cryocrescens. | a chromosomally located beta-lactamase gene, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli from a reference strain of the enterobacterial species kluyvera cryocrescens, encoded a clavulanic acid-inhibited ambler class a enzyme, kluc-1, with a pi value of 7.4. kluc-1 shared 86% amino acid identity with a subgroup of plasmid-mediated ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ctx-m-1, -3, -10, -11, and -12), the most closely related enzymes, and 77% amino acid identity with klua-1 from kluyvera asco ... | 2001 | 11709346 |
| influence of sulfobetaines on the stability of the citrobacterdiversus ula-27 beta-lactamase. | the activity and stability of beta-lactamase from citrobacter diversus ula-27 have been investigated in the presence of different ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. all the sulfobetaine surfactants tested allow the enzyme to retain its full activity, but the best stabilizing effect is greatly dependent on their structure. very little variations on the monomer headgroup can significantly reduce enzyme deactivation or speed up the loss of activity with respect to buffer alone. the whole hydrophob ... | 2001 | 11735433 |
| countrywide spread of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland. | eighty-four clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, recovered from 1998 to 2000 in 15 hospitals in 10 polish cities, were analyzed. all the isolates produced beta-lactamases with pis of 8.4 and 5.4, and the pi 8.4 enzymes were demonstrated to hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime in the in vitro bioassay. pcr analysis and dna sequencing have revealed that in all cases the pi 8.4 beta-lactamase was probably the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) variant, which was orig ... | 2002 | 11751126 |
| occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family enterobacteriaceae in italy: implications for resistance to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial drugs. | an italian nationwide survey was carried out to assess the prevalences and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of members of the family enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). over a 6-month period, 8,015 isolates were obtained from hospitalized patients and screened for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. on the basis of a synergistic effect between clavulanate and selected beta-lactams (ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefepime, and ... | 2002 | 11751134 |
| betalasen: microdilution panel for identifying beta-lactamases present in isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | a dried investigational use-only microdilution panel named betalasen (a short named derived from the panel's purpose, to identify beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae) containing 10 beta-lactam drugs with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors was developed to identify beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii group, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. the mics obtained with a collectio ... | 2002 | 11773104 |
| molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by nosocomial isolates of enterobacteriaceae from an italian nationwide survey. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are widespread in hospital settings worldwide. the present investigation was undertaken to assess the distribution and prevalence of esbls belonging to the tem and shv families in 448 esbl-producing clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected from 10 different italian hospitals. the natures of tem and shv determinants were identified by direct sequencing of pcr-amplified genes. tem-52 and shv-12 were the most common variants, and they were found in ... | 2002 | 11825979 |
| comparison of fecal coliform agar and violet red bile lactose agar for fecal coliform enumeration in foods. | a 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees c and transfer to 44 +/- 1 degrees c for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (fca) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (vrbl) method. fca and vrbl have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on fca and vrbl. recovery of cold-stressed ... | 2002 | 11916678 |
| second trimester fetal death caused by citrobacter koseri (diversus) infection: a report of two cases. | | 2002 | 11926652 |
| biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. | though biofilms were first described by antonie van leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. we now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstru ... | 2002 | 11932229 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ... | 2002 | 11977920 |
| myocarditis in sibling boxer puppies associated with citrobacter koseri infection. | two sibling boxer puppies presented with severe suppurative myocarditis in the absence of additional disseminated suppurative foci. the identification of gram-negative bacteria within areas of myocarditis in both puppies and the pure growth of large numbers of citrobacter koseri from the myocardial lesions in one of the dogs were consistent with a bacterial etiology. the fact that c. koseri is an opportunist pathogen suggested intercurrent immunosuppression. the finding of a concomitant bacteria ... | 2002 | 12014505 |
| combined ribotyping and random multiprimer dna analysis to probe the population structure of listeria monocytogenes. | to improve our understanding of the genetic links between strains originating from food and strains responsible for human diseases, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of 130 epidemiologically unrelated listeria monocytogenes strains. strains were isolated from different sources and ecosystems in which the bacterium is commonly found. we used rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with two endonucleases and random multiprimer dna analysis with seven oli ... | 2002 | 12039742 |
| citrobacter koseri in scalp folliculitis. | gram-negative folliculitis, an uncommon condition, is most often seen in older patients who have acne and who either have received prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy or have used antibacterial cleansers that selectively inhibit gram-positive organisms. citrobacter infections are uncommon, and dermatologists seldom encounter them. in the past, these infections occurred in hospitals, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. bacteremias also occur in elderly or immunocompromised patients ... | 2002 | 12041821 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ... | 2002 | 12071094 |
| a comparison of the performance of cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar with oxoid chromogenic urinary tract infection (cuti) medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of organisms from urine. | as part of the uk antimicrobial resistance strategy and action plan, the public health laboratory service (phls) is required to collect antibiotic susceptibility data so that resistance trends and patterns can be monitored. most laboratories report urine gram negative isolates, as "coliforms" according to morphological appearance, but without an acceptable identification system the antimicrobial surveillance data will be meaningless. commercially available identification systems tend to be expen ... | 2002 | 12101200 |
| citrobacter koseri pneumonia and meningitis in an infant. | | 2002 | 12217738 |
| bacteriological study of extracted iucds. | previous studies have shown the users of intrauterine devices have a 4.4 times greater risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. this present study intends to categorize the distribution of microbes in cultures from different types of extracted copper intrauterine devices (iucds). bacteriological studies of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were performed on the extracted iucds of 522 iucd users; 480 wearing a multiload cu 250, 15 wearing a copper t, 22 lippes loop and 5 a copper 7. cultures were ne ... | 1989 | 12283073 |
| identification of a chromosome-borne expanded-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from erwinia persicina. | from whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial erwinia persicina reference strain that displayed a penicillinase-related antibiotic-resistant phenotype, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic-acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, erp-1, with a pi value of 8.1 and a relative molecular mass of ca. 28 kda. erp-1 shared 45 to 50% amino acid identity with the most closely related enzymes, the chromosomally encoded enzymes from citrobacter koseri ... | 2002 | 12384342 |
| alafosfalin as a selective agent for isolation of salmonella from clinical samples. | the selectivity of a range of culture media for the detection of salmonella was assessed using 435 strains of gram-negative bacteria. these media showed limited ability to inhibit non-salmonella strains found in stool samples. we report the evaluation of alafosfalin as a selective agent for isolation of salmonella from stool samples. susceptibility studies with this agent showed that non-typhi salmonella strains were relatively resistant (mean mic, 10.2 mg/liter) compared to many coliforms inclu ... | 2002 | 12409351 |
| anomalous role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in experimental enterococcal infection. | the murine d-galactosamine (d-gal) model of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) hypersensitization was used as an initial tool to investigate the potential contribution of tnf-alpha to lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with enterococcus faecalis. d-gal sensitized mice to lethal e. faecalis infection, whereas dexamethasone and neutralizing anti-tnf-alpha antibody protected d-gal-treated, e. faecalis-infected mice, implicating tnf-alpha in the lethal response to e. faecalis infection in ... | 2002 | 12438335 |
| simultaneous identification of mycobacterium genus and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples by 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic pcr. | early diagnosis of tuberculosis and screening of other mycobacteria is required for the appropriate management of patients. we have therefore developed a 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic pcr assay in a single-tube balanced heminested format that simultaneously detects mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) and members of the mycobacterium genus (myc) using the 16s ribosomal dna target directly on clinical samples. one hundred twenty-seven clinical samples (65 smear negative and 62 smear positive) wi ... | 2002 | 12454166 |
| neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi. | to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2002 | 12481673 |
| apparent transmission of citrobacter koseri in catheterized residents on a 17-bed nursing home wing. | | 2003 | 12534868 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. | quinolone resistance encoded by the qnr gene and mediated by plasmid pmg252 was discovered in a clinical strain of klebsiella pneumoniae that was isolated in 1994 at the university of alabama at birmingham medical center. the gene codes for a protein that protects dna gyrase from quinolone inhibition and that belongs to the pentapeptide repeat family of proteins. the prevalence of the gene has been investigated by using pcr with qnr-specific primers with a sample of more than 350 gram-negative s ... | 2003 | 12543659 |
| clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: prevalence of ctx-m-3 at a hospital in china. | the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains was demonstrated in 5 of 44 (11.4%) escherichia coli, 17 of 43 (39.5%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 of 50 (6.0%) enterobacter cloacae, and 2 of 25 (8.0%) citrobacter freundii strains at a teaching hospital in china. nineteen of these 27 strains expressed ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase (pi 8.6). a subset of the clinical isolates expressing the ctx-m-3 enzyme, tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed multiple clones. five isolate ... | 2003 | 12543694 |
| anaerobic cocci populating the deep tissues of chronic wounds impair cellular wound healing responses in vitro. | anaerobic cocci are estimated to be present in the deep tissues of over 50% of chronic skin wounds. while the part they play in the chronicity of these wounds is uninvestigated, anaerobic cocci have previously been shown to be involved in other chronic inflammatory human conditions. | 2003 | 12653737 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method. | production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ... | 2003 | 12682131 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 id-gnb assay for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and comparison with the vitek gni+ card. | we evaluated the vitek 2 id-gnb identification card (biomérieux, inc., durham, n.c.) for its ability to identify members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's d ... | 2003 | 12734254 |
| citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis in an otherwise healthy adolescent. | citrobacter infection is commonly reported in neonates and immunocompromised patients. citrobacter koseri (diversus) is an important cause of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess formation. it adults, however, citrobacter infection with central nervous system involvement is rare, and is usually associated with an underlying disorder. this report describes a 12-y-old previously healthy girl with citrobacter koseri meningitis. intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone for 10 d led to complete recove ... | 2003 | 12751719 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. | citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., and klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for the biosynthesis of cellulose and curli fimbriae (csg). while citrobacter spp. produced curli fimbriae and cellulose and enterobacter spp. produced cellulose with various temperature-regulatory programs, klebsiella spp. did not show pronounced expression of those extracellular matrix components. investigation of multicellular behavior in two citrobacter species and enterobacter sakazakii sh ... | 2003 | 12819107 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, for the isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens. | to compare the performance of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, with cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar and an established chromogenic agar, cps id 2 medium, for detection of urinary tract pathogens. | 2003 | 12835299 |
| comparison of four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to determine the in vitro activities of piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | susceptibility to piperacillin was similar to that to piperacillin-tazobactam (<1% difference) for 6,938 isolates of enterobacter aerogenes and 13,954 isolates of enterobacter cloacae tested using a vitek system; for the same species, in contrast, susceptibility rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 5.9 to 13.9% higher than to piperacillin using disk diffusion, microscan, and vitek 2 testing. unprecedented phenotypes (piperacillin susceptible and piperacillin-tazobactam intermediate; piperacilli ... | 2003 | 12843088 |
| [purple urine bag syndrome]. | the report of purple discoloration in a urinary drainage system, known as purple urine bag syndrome (p.u.b.s.) is rarely described in the literature. | 2003 | 12876527 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel class a beta-lactamase (her-1) from escherichia hermannii. | escherichia hermannii showed a low level of resistance to amoxicillin and ticarcillin, reversed by clavulanate, and a moderate susceptibility to piperacillin but was susceptible to all cephalosporins. a bla gene was cloned and encoded a typical class a beta-lactamase (her-1, pi 7.5), which shares 45, 44, 41, and 40% amino acid identity with other beta-lactamases, aer-1 from aeromonas hydrophila, mal-1/cko-1 from citrobacter koseri, and tem-1 and len-1, respectively. no ampr gene was detected. on ... | 2003 | 12878539 |
| insertion sequence isecp1b is involved in expression and mobilization of a bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamase gene. | the genetic structures (ca. 10-kb dna fragment) surrounding the plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla(ctx-m-19) gene in a klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate were determined. this beta-lactamase gene was part of a 4,797-bp transposon inserted inside orf1 of tn1721. inside this transposon, bla(ctx-m-19) was bracketed upstream and downstream by insertion sequences ise cp1b and is903d, respectively, and further downstream by a truncated gene encoding an outer membrane protein for ir ... | 2003 | 12936998 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| multiple ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in nosocomial isolates of enterobacteriaceae from a hospital in northern italy. | twelve isolates of enterobacteriaceae (1 of klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 of escherichia coli, 1 of proteus mirabilis, and 2 of proteus vulgaris) classified as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers according to the esbl screen flow application of the bd-phoenix automatic system and for which the cefotaxime mics were higher than those of ceftazidime were collected between january 2001 and july 2002 at the laboratory of clinical microbiology of the san matteo university hospital of pavia (n ... | 2003 | 12958255 |
| citrobacter koseri brain abscess in the neonatal rat: survival and replication within human and rat macrophages. | a unique feature of citrobacter koseri is the extremely high propensity to initiate brain abscesses during neonatal meningitis. previous clinical reports and studies on infant rats have documented many citrobacter-filled macrophages within the ventricles and brain abscesses. it has been hypothesized that intracellular survival and replication within macrophages may be a mechanism by which c. koseri subverts the host response and elicits chronic infection, resulting in brain abscess formation. in ... | 2003 | 14500508 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ... | 2003 | 14567255 |
| indole can act as an extracellular signal to regulate biofilm formation of escherichia coli and other indole-producing bacteria. | we demonstrated previously that genetic inactivation of tryptophanase is responsible for a dramatic decrease in biofilm formation in the laboratory strain escherichia coli s17-1. in the present study, we tested whether the biochemical inhibition of tryptophanase, with the competitive inhibitor oxindolyl-l-alanine, could affect polystyrene colonization by e. coli and other indole-producing bacteria. oxindolyl-l-alanine inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, indole production and biofilm formation ... | 2003 | 14569285 |
| [activity of frequently used disinfectants and antiseptics against nosocomial bacterial types]. | in this study, bactericidal activity of widely used disinfectants and antiseptics (glutaraldehyde, laurylbispropylidentriamin 5 g and benzalkoniumchlorid 20 g, polyvinylpyrolidon iodine, benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochloride) against some nosocomial bacterial isolates were investigated by qualitative and quantitative suspension test methods. one methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), 6 multi drug-resistant gram-negative hospital isolates (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aerugi ... | 2003 | 14593898 |
| use of o-antigen gene cluster-specific pcrs for the identification and o-genotyping of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis. | yersinia pestis is a very recently evolved clone of yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:1b. this close relationship causes potential difficulties in dna-based diagnostic methods. analysis of the o-antigen gene clusters in these two organisms identified two regions that were used to specifically identify y. pestis-y. pseudotuberculosis as a group or y. pestis alone. both pcr assays were found to be 100% specific when tested on a large collection of yersinia species and other enterobacteriaceae ... | 2003 | 14605146 |
| shv-34: an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by an epidemic plasmid. | to elucidate the causes for treatment failure in children given extended-spectrum cephalosporins. | 2003 | 14613945 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, monobactams, and penicillins. changes in czop susceptibility among bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated from the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (4,154 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical ... | 2003 | 14692381 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of the chromosomal class a beta-lactamases of raoultella (formerly klebsiella) planticola and raoultella ornithinolytica. | enterobacterial strains of raoultella spp. display a penicillinase-related beta-lactam resistance pattern suggesting the presence of a chromosomal bla gene. from whole-cell dna of raoultella planticola strain atcc 33531(t) and raoultella ornithinolytica strain atcc 31898(t), bla genes were cloned and expressed into escherichia coli. each gene encoded an ambler class a beta-lactamase, named pla-1 and orn-1 for r. planticola and r. ornithinolytica, respectively. these beta-lactamases (291 amino ac ... | 2004 | 14693555 |
| rapid and specific detection of salmonella spp. in animal feed samples by pcr after culture enrichment. | a pcr procedure has been developed for routine analysis of viable salmonella spp. in feed samples. the objective was to develop a simple pcr-compatible enrichment procedure to enable dna amplification without any sample pretreatment such as dna extraction or cell lysis. pcr inhibition by 14 different feed samples and natural background flora was circumvented by the use of the dna polymerase tth. this dna polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to pcr inhibitors present in thes ... | 2004 | 14711627 |
| identification and susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa by direct inoculation from positive bactec blood culture bottles into vitek 2. | inoculation of an automated system for rapid identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) directly from positive blood culture bottles will reduce the turnaround time of laboratory diagnosis of septicemic patients, which benefits clinical outcome and decreases patient costs. direct test results, however, must always be confirmed by testing a pure overnight culture, which is the "gold standard." we studied the accuracy of direct testing versus repeat testing in order to inve ... | 2004 | 14715724 |
| utility of nccls guidelines for identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-escherichia coli and non-klebsiella spp. of enterobacteriaceae. | nccls screening and confirmation methods for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) apply only to escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., yet esbls have been found in other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. we evaluated the effectiveness of nccls methods for detecting esbls in 690 gram-negative isolates of enterobacteriaceae that excluded e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca. isolates were collected between january 1996 and june 1999 from 53 u.s. hospitals pa ... | 2004 | 14715768 |
| the siderophore receptor iron, but not the high-pathogenicity island or the hemin receptor chua, contributes to the bacteremic step of escherichia coli neonatal meningitis. | using a neonatal rat meningitis model, we examined the involvement of three iron uptake systems, namely, the high-pathogenicity island, the hemin receptor chua, and the siderophore receptor iron, in the pathogenesis of escherichia coli neonatal meningitis. only iron appeared to play a major role during the bacteremic step of the disease. | 2004 | 14742579 |
| use of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for direct identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures in a three-phase trial. | the present study describes the use of the automated bactec 9240 blood culture system, the serum separator tube (sst), and the bd phoenix automated microbiology system in combination for the direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of gram-negative rods (gnrs) from positive blood cultures (bcs) without subculture. the study was conducted in three phases: (i) the recovery yield of escherichia coli atcc 25922 was determined with the sst between 0 and 8 h after spiked bc ... | 2004 | 15070990 |
| escherichia coli producing ctx-m-2 beta-lactamase in cattle, japan. | from november 2000 to june 2001, escherichia coli strains producing ctx-m-2 beta-lactamase were isolated from 6 (1.5%) of 396 cattle fecal samples and 2 (0.7%) of 270 surface swabs of cattle carcasses in japan. the blactx-m-2 gene responsible for ctx-m-2 production was encoded on transferable plasmids, and the gene was transferred to e. coli csh2 with a very high frequency (2 x 10(-4) to 6 x 10(-1) per donor cells) by conjugation. random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of nine isolates showed ... | 2004 | 15078599 |
| citrobacter koseri and citrobacter amalonaticus isolates carry highly divergent beta-lactamase genes despite having high levels of biochemical similarity and 16s rrna sequence homology. | isolates previously identified as citrobacter diversus are now known as citrobacter koseri. we measured sequence variation at the beta-lactamase structural gene among a group of clinical isolates originally identified as c. diversus by api 20e profiling. | 2004 | 15128725 |
| validated 5' nuclease pcr assay for rapid identification of the genus brucella. | a real-time, genus-specific 5' nuclease pcr assay for amplification of a 322-bp fragment of the per gene was developed for rapid (<2 h) identification of brucella spp. from agar plates. the assay, including an internal amplification control (116 bp), identified brucella strains (n = 23) and did not detect non-brucella strains (n = 174), indicating its usefulness, particularly for laboratories with stringent quality assurance programs. | 2004 | 15131207 |
| molecular characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sfc-1, from serratia fonticola utad54. | an environmental isolate of serratia fonticola resistant to carbapenems contains a gene encoding a class a beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity. the enzyme was designated sfc-1. the bla(sfc-i) gene is contained in the chromosome of s. fonticola utad54 and is absent from other s. fonticola strains. | 2004 | 15155245 |
| pneumocephalus in neonatal meningitis: diffuse, necrotizing meningo-encephalitis in citrobacter meningitis presenting with pneumatosis oculi and pneumocephalus. | objective/patient: gas-containing encephalitis is rarely associated with neonatal meningitis. we report a case of a 19-day-old baby who presented with a rapid onset of septic shock complicated by progressively increasing gas accumulation within the brain and anterior chamber of the eye. we describe the evolution of the clinical picture and the management. | 2004 | 15215013 |
| molecular biology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae responsible for digestive tract colonization. | twenty-nine extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae strains (14 klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 escherichia coli and five citrobacter diversus) isolated from april to july 1996 from faecal carriers in a surgical intensive care unit at the university hospital of casablanca (morocco) were studied. plasmid content and dna macrorestriction polymorphism determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to compare the strains. restriction profiles of total genomic ... | 2004 | 15236848 |
| prevalence and characterization of integrons in blood culture enterobacteriaceae and gastrointestinal escherichia coli in norway and reporting of a novel class 1 integron-located lincosamide resistance gene. | class 1 integrons contain genetic elements for site-specific recombination, capture and mobilization of resistance genes. studies investigating the prevalence, distribution and types of integron located resistance genes are important for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and to understand resistance development at the molecular level. | 2004 | 15242512 |
| endemic, epidemic clone of salmonella enterica serovar typhi harboring a single multidrug-resistant plasmid in vietnam between 1995 and 2002. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and cotrimoxazole, isolated from sporadic cases and minor outbreaks in vietnam between 1995 and 2002, were typed and compared. plasmid fingerprinting, vi bacteriophage typing, xbai pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and psti ribotyping showed that endemic, epidemic multidrug-resistant typhoid fever was due, for at least 74.1% of the isolates, to one or two clones of serovar typhi harbo ... | 2004 | 15243066 |
| evaluation of the hyplex bloodscreen multiplex pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for direct identification of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. | we evaluated the hyplex bloodscreen pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system (bag, lich, germany), a new diagnostic test for the direct identification of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci from positive blood cultures, with 482 positive bactec 9240 blood culture bottles. the test involves amplification of the bacterial dna by multiplex pcr and subsequent hybridization of the pcr product to specific oligonucleotide probes in an elisa-based format. the available probes allow ... | 2004 | 15243074 |
| bacteriology of a bear bite wound to a human: case report. | human contact with bears has become more frequent, as has the resultant bear maulings and bite injuries. we report the bacteriology of a patient bitten by a grizzly bear (ursus arctos) from the rocky mountains foothills area east of banff national park, alberta, canada. the patient received field care, including metronidazole and cefazolin. subsequent deep-wound cultures grew serratia fonticola, serratia marcescens, aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, and enterococcus durans but no anaerobes. | 2004 | 15243122 |
| frequency and diversity of class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospitals of the auvergne, france: a 2 year prospective study. | to evaluate the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) produced by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in one french region. | 2004 | 15282240 |
| use of tuf sequences for genus-specific pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of 28 streptococcal species. | a 761-bp portion of the tuf gene (encoding the elongation factor tu) from 28 clinically relevant streptococcal species was obtained by sequencing amplicons generated using broad-range pcr primers. these tuf sequences were used to select streptococcus-specific pcr primers and to perform phylogenetic analysis. the specificity of the pcr assay was verified using 102 different bacterial species, including the 28 streptococcal species. genomic dna purified from all streptococcal species was efficient ... | 2004 | 15297518 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterobacteriaceae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a french hospital. | in 2002, 80 isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were collected from infected patients in our hospital. enterobacter aerogenes was the most common bacterium isolated from all specimens (36.5%). the esbls were predominantly (90%) tem derivatives (tem-24, tem-3). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis highlighted that e. aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and citrobacter koseri had a clonal propagation. | 2004 | 15297534 |
| [incidence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria in the area of caltagirone (sicily)]. | the authors report the incidence of extended spectrum b-lactamases (esbl)- producing strains in 1,602 enterobacteria consecutively isolated, from april 2002 to december 2003, in caltagirone (ct) hospital, and their in vitro susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents. the incidence of esbl-producing enterobacteria was equal to 1.5%, mainly among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp and citrobacter koseri, isolated by emergency and medicine wards. in vitro, the enterobacteria were fully susceptibl ... | 2004 | 15316296 |
| a selective differential medium for enterobacter sakazakii, a preliminary study. | enterobacter sakazakii can cause fatal invasive infection of neonates associated with the presence of this organism in powdered infant milk formula. a new chromogenic medium (druggan-forsythe-iversen agar, dfi) is described for the selective detection of this emergent pathogen. the medium is based on the alpha-glucosidase reaction which is detected using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha,d-glucopyranoside (xalphaglc). ent. sakazakii hydrolyses this substrate to an indigo pigment, producing blue-g ... | 2004 | 15364468 |
| citrobacter koseri infection and abscess associated with harrington rods. | | 2004 | 15454901 |
| phylogeny, clinical associations, and diagnostic utility of the pilin subunit gene (sfpa) of sorbitol-fermenting, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h-. | the plasmid-borne sfpa gene encodes the pilin subunit in sorbitol-fermenting (sf) enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h-. we investigated the distribution of sfpa among 600 e. coli isolates comprising the complete e. coli standard reference (ecor) and diarrheagenic e. coli (dec) strain collections and clinical isolates associated with enteric disease. sfpa was detected in dec3f sf ehec o157:h- strain 493/89, each of 107 sf ehec o157:h- clinical isolates, and 14 shiga toxin-negative sf ... | 2004 | 15472329 |
| two novel real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assays for rapid detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates. | the incidence of platelet bacterial contamination is approximately 1 per 2,000 units and has been acknowledged as the most frequent infectious risk from transfusion. in preliminary studies, the sterility of platelet concentrates (pcs) was tested with an automated bacterial blood culturing system and molecular genetic assays. two real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays performed in a lightcycler instrument were developed and compared regarding specificity and sensitivity by the use of ... | 2004 | 15472337 |
| identification and phylogeny of enterobacter sakazakii relative to enterobacter and citrobacter species. | the phylogenetic relationships of enterobacter sakazakii strains were investigated using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and hsp60 sequencing. each analysis distributed e. sakazakii strains among four clusters, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity. the e. sakazakii type strain 16s rdna sequence was 97.8% similar to that of citrobacter koseri but 97.0% similar to that of enterobacter cloacae. | 2004 | 15528745 |
| histidine decarboxylase in enterobacteriaceae revisited. | with a modification of taylor's decarboxylation broth, histidine decarboxylase was detected in enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, raoultella ornithinolytica, and some strains of citrobacter youngae and raoultella planticola. this method provides a useful confirmatory test for identification of e. aerogenes strains. | 2004 | 15583342 |
| vertically acquired neonatal citrobacter brain abscess - case report and review of the literature. | vertically acquired citrobacter meningitis in the neonate is very rare and carries a very high mortality and morbidity. overall, approximately 30% of neonates with citrobacter meningitis die and 50% sustain some damage to the cns. the authors describe a case of a newborn with citrobacter koseri meningitis with multiple brain abscesses, with a successful outcome following multiple burr-hole aspirations and prolonged antibiotic therapy. an aggressive surgical approach combined with intravenous ant ... | 2005 | 15749429 |
| mimivirus in pneumonia patients. | mimivirus, the largest virus known to date, is an amebal pathogen-like legionella sp. when mimivirus was used as an antigen in a microimmunofluorescense assay, seroconversion was found in patients with both community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. mimivirus dna was found in respiratory samples of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. | 2005 | 15757563 |
| presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in dairy farm topsoil. | in addition to human and veterinary medicine, antibiotics are extensively used in agricultural settings, such as for treatment of infections, growth enhancement, and prophylaxis in food animals, leading to selection of drug and multidrug-resistant bacteria. to help circumvent the problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance, it is first necessary to understand the scope of the problem. however, it is not fully understood how widespread antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in agricultural settings. th ... | 2005 | 15778307 |
| novel tem-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, tem-134, in a citrobacter koseri clinical isolate. | a new natural tem derivative with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity, tem-134, was identified in a ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolate of citrobacter koseri. compared to tem-1, tem-134 contains the following mutations: q39k, e104k, r164h, and g238s. the bla(tem-134) gene was not transferable by conjugation and, apparently, was chromosomally encoded. expression studies with escherichia coli revealed efficient cefotaximase and ceftazidimase activity for tem-134. | 2005 | 15793140 |
| identification of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by an oligonucleotide array. | viridans streptococci (vs) are common etiologic agents of subacute infective endocarditis and are capable of causing a variety of pyogenic infections. many species of vs are difficult to differentiate by phenotypic traits. an oligonucleotide array based on 16s-23s rrna gene intergenic spacer (its) sequences was developed to identify 11 clinically relevant vs. these 11 species were streptococcus anginosus, s. constellatus, s. gordonii, s. intermedius, s. mitis, s. mutans, s. oralis, s. parasangui ... | 2005 | 15814960 |
| efficient discrimination within a corynebacterium diphtheriae epidemic clonal group by a novel macroarray-based method. | a large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in russia and neighboring countries was caused by a clonal group of closely related corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (ribotypes sankt-peterburg and rossija). in the recently published complete genome sequence of c. diphtheriae strain nctc13129, representative of the epidemic clone (a. m. cerdeno-tarraga et al., nucleic acids res. 31:6516-6523, 2003), we identified in silico two direct repeat (dr) loci 39 kb downstream and 180 kb upstream of the oric re ... | 2005 | 15814981 |
| dizygotic twins discordant for early-onset citrobacter koseri and group b streptococcal sepsis. | early-onset neonatal sepsis is usually a multisystem fulminant illness with prominent respiratory symptoms, and typically the infant has acquired the organism from the maternal genital tract during the intrapartum period. in this article, we report a rare case of dizygotic twins where each individual suffered early-onset sepsis caused by a different pathogen. group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis was diagnosed in twin a 1 day after birth; sepsis and meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri was diagn ... | 2005 | 15959606 |
| comparative recovery of microorganisms from bact/alert plastic and glass fa and fn blood culture bottles. | biomerieux, inc., has recently introduced plastic bottles to replace glass bottles for use in the bact/alert blood culture system. we compared the performance of the plastic to the glass bottles in a large clinical evaluation. two blood cultures were collected from each patient, one using glass fa (aerobic) and fn (anaerobic) bottles and one using plastic fa and fn bottles. of the 4,040 sets of four bottles collected, 3,110 contained the recommended 8 to 12 ml of blood, yielding 524 microorganis ... | 2005 | 16000442 |
| enhanced culture detection of citrobacter koseri from cerebrospinal fluid in bactec. | | 2005 | 16094244 |
| multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that caused an outbreak in a neurosurgery ward and its aac(6')-iae gene cassette encoding a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. | we characterized multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients involved in an outbreak of catheter-associated urinary tract infections that occurred in a neurosurgery ward of a hospital in sendai, japan. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of spei-, xbai-, or hpai-digested genomic dnas from the isolates revealed that clonal expansion of a p. aeruginosa strain designated imcj2.s1 had occurred in the ward. this strain possessed broad-spectrum resistance to aminoglycosides, ... | 2005 | 16127047 |
| regional variation in the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates in the asia-pacific region (sentry 1998-2002). | we examined the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter koseri, and salmonella spp. that were isolated as part of the sentry asia-pacific surveillance program between 1998 and 2002. during the study period, a total of 6,388 strains were gathered from 17 medical centers in 7 countries and examined for esbl production and hyperproduction of k. oxytoca chromosomal k1 beta-l ... | 2005 | 16165001 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| enteroaggregative escherichia coli isolated from chinese diarrhea patients with high-pathogenicity island of yersinia is involved in synthesis of siderophore yersiniabactin. | to investigate the distribution of 12 high-pathogenicity island (hpi) genes and the relation between hpi genes and expression of yersiniabactin (ybt) in enteroaggregative e.coli (eaggec) isolated from chinese diarrhea patients. | 2005 | 16270391 |
| culture-independent characterization of the microbiota of the ant lion myrmeleon mobilis (neuroptera: myrmeleontidae). | ant lions are insect larvae that feed on the liquefied internal components of insect prey. prey capture is assisted by the injection of toxins that are reportedly derived from both the insect and bacterial symbionts. these larvae display interesting gut physiology where the midgut is not connected to the hindgut, preventing elimination of solid waste until adulthood. the presence of a discontinuous gut and the potential involvement of bacteria in prey paralyzation suggest an interesting microbia ... | 2005 | 16332874 |