| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. the mic of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera serratia, citrobacter, and providencia were mics above 1 microgram/ml. some 90% of ... | 1992 | 1320362 |
| the importance of asn47 for structure and reactivity of azurin from alcaligenes denitrificans as studied by site-directed mutagenesis and spectroscopy. | to study the importance of a rigid copper site for the structure and function of azurin, a mutant with a reduced number of internal hydrogen bonds around the copper has been prepared and characterized. to this purpose, the previously cloned azu gene from alcaligenes denitrificans (hoitink, c. w. g., woudt, l. p., turenhout, j. c. m., van de kamp, m., and canters, g. w. (1990) gene (amst.) 90, 15-20) was expressed in escherichia coli and an isolation and purification procedure for the azurin was ... | 1992 | 1321127 |
| derived amino acid sequences of the nosz gene (respiratory n2o reductase) from alcaligenes eutrophus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas stutzeri reveal potential copper-binding residues. implications for the cua site of n2o reductase and cytochrome-c oxidase. | the nosz genes encoding the multicopper enzyme nitrous oxide reductase of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 and the type strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa were cloned and sequenced for structural comparison of their gene products with the homologous product of the nosz gene from pseudomonas stutzeri [viebrock, a. & zumft, w. g. (1988) j. bacteriol. 170, 4658-4668] and the subunit ii of cytochrome-c oxidase (coii). both types of enzymes possess the cua binding site. the nosz genes were identified in cosmi ... | 1992 | 1324835 |
| mutational analysis of genes determining antagonism of alcaligenes sp. strain mfa1 against the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum. | alcaligenes sp. strain mfa1 inhibits microconidial germination and germination-tube elongation of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and reduces the severity of fusarium wilt of carnation, presumably as a result of its production of a siderophore (g.y. yuen and m.n. schroth. 1986. phytopathology, 76:171-176). derivative strains of mfa1, deficient in antagonism against f. oxysporum and in iron-limited growth, were obtained by tn5 mutagenesis. the presence of a single tn5 insertion in the genomic dn ... | 1992 | 1327482 |
| evidence that the type 2 copper centers are the site of nitrite reduction by achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite reductase. | methods have been developed for selective depletion and reconstitution of the type 2 cu (non-blue) sites in the nitrite reductase from a. cycloclastes, resulting in preparations ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 type cu per trimer; the type 1 cu content is invariant at 3.0 per trimer. the activity of the enzyme is directly proportional to the type 2 content as measured by direct metal determination or by analysis of the epr spectra. these results indicate that an earlier report that the a. cycloclastes en ... | 1992 | 1329738 |
| the purification and characterization of arsenite oxidase from alcaligenes faecalis, a molybdenum-containing hydroxylase. | the purification and initial characterization of arsenite oxidase from alcaligenes faecalis are described. the enzyme consists of a monomer of 85 kda containing one molybdenum, five or six irons, and inorganic sulfide. in the presence of denaturants arsenite oxidase releases a fluorescent material with spectral properties identical to the pterin cofactor released by the hydroxylase class of molybdenum-containing enzymes. azurin and a c-type cytochrome, both isolated from a. faecalis, each serves ... | 1992 | 1331097 |
| molecular and genetic characterization of an alcaligenes eutrophus insertion element. | an insertion element, isae1, was discovered during the molecular analysis of mutants defective in the autotrophic growth (aut-) of alcaligenes eutrophus h1-4, a mitomycin c-generated derivative of strain h1. isae1 is 1,313 bp long, has 12-bp nearly perfect inverted terminal repeats, and contains an open reading frame that has a coding capacity of 408 amino acids. direct repeats of 8 bp were generated by insertion of isae1 into chromosomes or plasmids. most insertion were found in the at-rich tar ... | 1992 | 1334068 |
| cloning and sequencing of is1086, an alcaligenes eutrophus insertion element related to is30 and is4351. | a new insertion sequence (is), designated is1086, was isolated from alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 by being trapped in plasmid pjv240, which contains the bacillus subtilis sacb and sacr genes. the 1,106-bp is1086 element contains partially matched (22 of 28 bp) terminal-inverted repeats and a long open reading frame. hybridization data suggest the presence of one copy of is1086 in the strain ch34 heavy-metal resistance plasmid pmol28 and at least two copies in its chromosome. analysis of the is1086 ... | 1992 | 1334071 |
| behavior in agricultural soils of a recombinant pseudomonas bacterium that simultaneously degrades alkyl- and haloaromatics. | pseudomonas sp. fr1 (pfrc20p) is a recombinant bacterium able simultaneously to degrade alkyl- and haloaromatics due to the xylxyzl and xyls genes from the tol plasmid borne on the bacterial chromosome, and to the gene encoding for a gamma-lactone isomerase from alcaligenes eutrophus on pfrc20p. the survival of this strain in sterile soils was shown to depend on the physicochemical properties of the soil. the recombinant information was stable in bacteria introduced in soils and conferred select ... | 1992 | 1341985 |
| [bacillary necrosis in larvae of the bivalve euvola ziczac (linnaeus, 1758) caused by a pseudomonas sp]. | the incidence of bacteria as etiological agents of diseases in larvae of bivalve mollusks, is well documented in the literature. in this study, a series of test were performed to identify and estimate pathogenic level of marine bacteria isolated during an epizootic in a larval culture system of the tropical scallop euvola ziczac. such bacteria was identified as pseudomonas sp. belonging to the group alcaligenes. the bacterium produced not only lethal effects on the scallop larvae through infecti ... | 1992 | 1343735 |
| identification and molecular characterization of the acetyl coenzyme a synthetase gene (acoe) of alcaligenes eutrophus. | the gene locus acoe, which is involved in the utilization of acetoin in alcaligenes eutrophus, was identified as the structural gene of an acetyl coenzyme a synthetase (acetate:coenzyme a ligase [amp forming]; ec 6.2.1.1). this gene was localized on a 3.8-kbp smai-ecori subfragment of an 8.1-kbp ecori restriction fragment (fragment e) that was cloned recently (c. fründ, h. priefert, a. steinbüchel, and h. g. schlegel, j. bacteriol. 171:6539-6548, 1989). the 1,983 bp acoe gene encoded a protein w ... | 1992 | 1356967 |
| degradation of phenanthrene, fluorene and fluoranthene by pure bacterial cultures. | bacterial mixed cultures able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) phenanthrene, fluorene and fluoranthene, were obtained from soil using conventional enrichment techniques. from these mixed cultures three pure strains were isolated: pseudomonas paucimobilis degrading phenanthrene; p. vesicularis degrading fluorene and alcaligenes denitrificans degrading fluoranthene. the maximum rates of pah degradation ranged from 1.0 mg phenanthrene/ml per day to 0.3 mg fluoranthene/ml per da ... | 1990 | 1366395 |
| coupled reductive and oxidative degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol by a co-immobilized mixed culture system. | the restriction of oxygen transfer in ca-alginate beads used for the immobilization of microbial cells was applied to a coupled reductive and oxidative microbial degradation of the xenobiotic 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (cnp). the conversion of cnp by enterobacter cloacae under anaerobic conditions led to the formation of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (cap, 81%) and 4-chloro-2-acetaminophenol (caap, 16%) after 50 h incubation. cap, the main reduction product, was further degraded under aerobic conditions by ... | 1990 | 1366971 |
| biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol by adsorptive immobilized alcaligenes sp. a 7-2 in soil. | alcaligenes sp. a 7-2 immobilized on granular clay has been applied in a percolator to degrade 4-chlorophenol in sandy soil. good adsorption rates on granular clay were achieved using cell suspensions with high titres and media at ph 8.0. the influence of various parameters such as aeration rate, ph, temperature, concentration of 4-chlorophenol and size of inoculum on the degradation rate were investigated. during fed-batch fermentations under optimal culture conditions, concentrations of 4-chlo ... | 1991 | 1367580 |
| liquid fluidized bed adsorption of protein in the presence of cells. | the adsorption, in a liquid fluidized bed, of bovine serum albumin (bsa), onto an ion-exchange absorbent, q-sepharose fast flow, in the presence of alcaligenes eutrophus cells, has been studied. the expansion of the fluidized bed is greater in the presence than in the absence of cells and obeys the laws of richardson and zaki. the effect of cell concentration on the equilibrium adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent has been assessed. the rate of adsorption of bsa onto the adsorbent has bee ... | 1991 | 1368077 |
| combined chemical and mechanical processes for the disruption of bacteria. | mechanical cell disruption by high pressure homogenisation or high speed bead mills is currently the general method of choice for the large scale disruption of micro-organisms; however, deleterious effects include the high energy requirement, the need for efficient cooling to prevent the excessive heating of the product and the micronisation of cell debris. certain chemical treatments for microbial cell disruption alter the permeability of bacteria and yeasts, allowing partial release of soluble ... | 1991 | 1368079 |
| the disruption of alcaligenes eutrophus by high pressure homogenisation: key factors involved in the process. | the disruption of the gram-negative bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus by high pressure homogenisation, using the apv gaulin 15m 8ba and 30cd homogenisers is reported. the operating parameters such as operating pressure, number of passes, temperature and biomass concentration, mimicked trends previously reported for yeasts. extension of the study to consider the effect of cell characteristics, including the growth rate, size and shape, illustrated the dominant effect of the growth phase. the improv ... | 1991 | 1368082 |
| production and immobilization of d-aminoacylase of alcaligenes faecalis da1 for optical resolution of n-acyl-dl-amino acids. | the production of d-aminoacylase by alcaligenes faecalis da1 was induced 5- to 50-fold by n-acetyl-d-amino acids. this strain produced about 443 units of d-aminoacylase and 52 units of l-aminoacylase per gram of cells (wet weight) when cultivated in a medium containing 1% n-acetyl-dl-leucine as the carbon source. the d-aminoacylase was partially purified by fractogel deae 650 column chromatography and then immobilized on another fractogel deae 650 column. the catalytic activity of the immobilize ... | 1992 | 1368114 |
| initial steps in the degradation of benzene sulfonic acid, 4-toluene sulfonic acids, and orthanilic acid in alcaligenes sp. strain o-1. | alcaligenes sp. strain o-1 grew with benzene sulfonate (bs) as sole carbon source for growth with either nh4+ or nh4+ plus orthanilate (2-aminobenzene sulfonate, os) as the source(s) of nitrogen. the intracellular desulfonative enzyme did not degrade 3- or 4-aminobenzene sulfonates in the medium, although the enzyme in cell extracts degraded these compounds. we deduce the presence of a selective permeability barrier to sulfonates and conclude that the first step in sulfonate metabolism is transp ... | 1990 | 1368142 |
| stereoselective epoxidation of phenyl allyl ether by alkene-utilizing bacteria. | eighteen newly isolated ethene- and propene-utilizing bacteria were screened for the ability to produce phenyl glycidyl ether, a common precursor for the synthesis of beta blockers, from phenyl allyl ether. these organisms included aerococcus, alcaligenes, micrococcus and staphylococcus spp. and a variety of gram-negative, gram-positive and gram-variable mesophilic rods/coccobacilli not yet identified. the majority of ethene- and propene-grown cultures (14 strains) accumulated phenyl glycidyl et ... | 1992 | 1368499 |
| characterization of d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes denitrificans da181. | the d-aminoacylase produced by alcaligenes denitrificans da181 was a new type of aminoacylase which had both high stereospecificity and specific activity. the molecular weight and isoelectric point of this enzyme were 58,000 and 4.4, respectively. the apparent km and kcat values of this enzyme for n-acetyl-d-methionine were estimated to be 0.48 mm and 6.24 x 10(4) min-1, respectively. the optimum temperature was 45 degrees c. the enzyme was stable up to 55 degrees c for 1 hr in the presence of 0 ... | 1992 | 1368943 |
| inhibition of achromobacter protease i by lysinal derivatives. | z-val-, z-pro-, z-leu-leu-, and z-leu-pro-lysinals and bz-dl-lysinal were chemically synthesized and tested as novel inhibitors for achromobacter protease i (api), a lysine-specific serine protease. among the lysinal derivatives tested, z-val-lysinal was the most potent competitive inhibitor, its ki being estimated as 6.5 nm in an esterolytic assay with tos-lys-ome. in an amidolytic assay, z-leu-leu-lysinal was the most potent inhibitor and the apparent mode of inhibition was non-competitive. th ... | 1992 | 1369061 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of a novel arylmalonate decarboxylase gene from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. | we have cloned and sequenced a dna fragment that encodes the arylmalonate decarboxylase (am-dase) gene from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. the amdase gene consists of an open reading frame of 720 nucleotides, which specifies a 240-amino-acid protein of relative molecular mass (m(r)) 24734. the m(r) deduced from the amdase gene is in good agreement with that of the amdase isolated from a. bronchisepticus. no tata or ttga sequence was observed within the cloned dna fragment, but the fragment ... | 1992 | 1369144 |
| induction and efficient purification of endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from alcaligenes sp. | | 1990 | 1369985 |
| identification of xenobiotic-degrading isolates from the beta subclass of the proteobacteria by a polyphasic approach including 16s rrna partial sequencing. | nineteen gram-negative, aerobic, biodegradative isolates were identified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. the presence of the specific polyamine 2-hydroxyputrescine and the presence of a ubiquinone with eight isoprenoid units in the side chain (ubiquinone q-8) allowed allocation of these organisms to the beta subclass of the proteobacteria. on the basis of the results of additional characterization experiments (i.e., api 20ne tests, determinations of soluble protein patterns, and dna-dn ... | 1992 | 1371062 |
| identification of the 10sa rna structural gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 1992 | 1371186 |
| identification of acor, a regulatory gene for the expression of genes essential for acetoin catabolism in alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | two hundred thirty-nine base pairs upstream from acoxabc, which encodes the alcaligenes eutrophus h16 structural genes essential for cleavage of acetoin, the 2,004-bp acor gene was identified. acor encodes a protein of 668 amino acids with a molecular mass of 72.9 kda. the amino acid sequence deduced from acor exhibited homologies to the primary structures of transcriptional activators such as nifa of azotobacter vinelandii, ntrc of klebsiella pneumoniae, and hoxa of a. eutrophus. striking simil ... | 1992 | 1378052 |
| a gene complex coding for the membrane-bound hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | one of the key enzymes in the chemolithoautotrophic metabolism of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 is a dimeric, membrane-associated hydrogenase. the genetic determinants of this enzyme are located on the endogenous megaplasmid phg1 (g. eberz, c. hogrefe, c. kortlüke, a. kamienski, and b. friedrich, j. bacteriol. 168:636-641, 1986). complementation studies showed that the information required for the formation of active membrane-bound hydrogenase occupies more than 7.5 kb of megaplasmid dna. we cloned ... | 1992 | 1383192 |
| mechanism of agrobacterium beta-glucosidase: kinetic studies. | the beta-glucosidase from agrobacterium faecalis (previously alcaligenes faecalis) has been subjected to a detailed kinetic investigation with a range of substrates to probe its specificity and mechanism. it has a relatively broad specificity for the substrate sugar moiety and exhibits a classical ph dependence for its kinetic parameters with three different substrates and an identical ph dependence for its inactivation by a mechanism-based inactivator, cyclophellitol. measurement of kcat and km ... | 1992 | 1390780 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequences of genes relevant for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) in chromatium vinosum strain d. | from a genomic library of chromatium vinosum strain d in lambda l47, a 16.5-kbp ecori-restriction fragment was identified by hybridization with a dna fragment harboring the operon for alcaligenes eutrophus poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) synthesis. this fragment and subfragments thereof restored the ability to synthesize and accumulate pha in pha-negative mutants of a. eutrophus. a region of 6977 bp was sequenced; seven open reading frames (orfs) were identified which probably represent coding re ... | 1992 | 1396692 |
| cloning and molecular analysis of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) gene locus of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. | from genomic libraries, the polyhydroxyalkanoate gene locus of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 was cloned and characterised at the molecular level. two genes coding for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases, phac1pa and phac2pa, a polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase gene, phadpa, and four adjacent open reading frames (orf1, orf2, orf3 and orf4) were identified from the nucleotide sequence. two transcriptional start sites, which were preceded by sequences resembling the escherichia coli consensus sequences fo ... | 1992 | 1396693 |
| hydrogenase mutants of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 show alterations in the electron transport system. | mutations in the genes coding for the soluble and the membrane-bound hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus strain h16 significantly affected the expression of respiratory chain components. in lithoautotrophically grown wild type cells electron flow mainly proceeded via the cytochrome c oxidases. mutants defective in the membrane-bound hydrogenase contained a 2- to 3-fold higher cytochrome a content than the wild type and cytochrome c oxidase of the aa3-type was preferentially used by these cells ... | 1992 | 1398034 |
| maturation of membrane-bound hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | the formation of the catalytically active membrane-bound hydrogenase (mbh) of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 requires the genes for the small and large subunits of the enzyme (hoxk and hoxg, respectively) and an accompanying set of accessory genes (c. kortl ke, k. horstmann, e. schwartz, m. rohde, r. binsack, and b. friedrich, j. bacteriol. 174:6277-6289, 1992). other genes located in the adjacent pleiotropic region are also required. in the absence of these genes, mbh is synthesized but is catalytic ... | 1992 | 1400179 |
| prosthetic knee infection due to achromobacter xylosoxidans. | achromobacter xylosoxidans is an aerobic gram negative organism that has been infrequently implicated in clinical infections in a variety of anatomical sites. we describe a case of a prosthetic knee infection due to achromobacter xylosoxidans in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving high dose prednisone. | 1992 | 1404142 |
| heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification in alcaligenes faecalis strain tud. | heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic and anaerobic denitrification by alcaligenes faecalis strain tud were studied in continuous cultures under various environmental conditions. both nitrification and denitrification activities increased with the dilution rate. at dissolved oxygen concentrations above 46% air saturation, hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate accumulated, indicating that both the nitrification and denitrification were less efficient. the overall nitrification activity was, howeve ... | 1992 | 1416919 |
| nucleotide sequence of the rpon (hno) gene region of alcaligenes eutrophus: evidence for a conserved gene cluster. | the nucleotide sequence of the rpon gene, formerly designated hno, and flanking dna regions of the aerobic hydrogen bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus has been determined; rpon codes for the rna polymerase sigma factor sigma 54 involved in nitrogen regulation and diverse physiological functions of gram-negative bacteria. in a. eutrophus hydrogen metabolism is under control of rpon. the tn5-mob insertion in a previously isolated pleiotropic mutant was mapped within the rpon gene. the derived amino a ... | 1992 | 1417413 |
| identification of a lipoamide dehydrogenase gene as second locus affected in poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants of alcaligenes eutrophus. | from a genomic library of alcaligenes eutrophus strain h16 in the broad-host range cosmid pvk100 a 6300-bp ecori-fragment was cloned, which restored the wild-type phenotype in transposon-induced poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants, derived from a. eutrophus. nucleotide sequence analysis of the region adjacent to the transposon insertion revealed an open reading frame which complied with all criteria for a coding region. this region was referred to as phbl, and the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 1992 | 1427012 |
| the calvin cycle enzyme pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase is encoded within the cfx operons of the chemoautotroph alcaligenes eutrophus. | several genes (cfx genes) encoding calvin cycle enzymes in alcaligenes eutrophus are organized in two highly homologous operons comprising at least 11 kb. one cfx operon is located on the chromosome; the other is located on megaplasmid phg1 of the organism (b. bowien, u. windhövel, j.-g. yoo, r. bednarski, and b. kusian, fems microbiol. rev. 87:445-450, 1990). corresponding regions of about 2.7 kb from within the operons were sequenced. three open reading frames, designated cfxx (954 bp), cfxy ( ... | 1992 | 1429456 |
| effect of storage time with different lens care systems on in-office hydrogel trial lens disinfection efficacy: a multi-center study. | a combined prospective and retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of in-office disinfection methods for hydrogel trial contact lenses. two hundred and twenty-one trial contact lenses, disinfected by four different disinfection methods, were collected from seven study centers and cultured for microbial contamination after various storage periods. negative and positive control lenses were included as an additional center in this double-masked study. there was a significant diff ... | 1992 | 1437007 |
| degradation of aliphatic halogen-substituted pesticides by dehalogenase isolated from pseudomonas alcaligenes. identification and properties of the enzyme. | some characteristics of a 2,2-dichloropropionate dehalogenase induced in a bacterial strain capable of degrading high concentrations of the herbicide dalapon were studied. polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis of the crude cell free extracts identified only one type of dehalogenase. the single enzymatic protein showed activity against a variety of chlorinated aliphatic acids but differed in their activity levels. thus activity in mumol substrate converted (mg protein)-1 min-1 was 2-monochloropropio ... | 1992 | 1439734 |
| a strictly anaerobic nitrate-reducing bacterium growing with resorcinol and other aromatic compounds. | with resorcinol as sole source of energy and organic carbon, two stains of gram-negative, nitrate-reducing bacteria were isolated under strictly anaerobic conditions. strain lubres1 was facultatively anaerobic and catalase- and superoxide dismutase-positive. this strain was affiliated with alcaligenes denitrificans on the basis of substrate utilization spectrum and peritrichous flagellation. strain lufres1 could grow only under anaerobic conditions with oxidized nitrogen compounds as electron ac ... | 1992 | 1444713 |
| purification and properties of a novel arylmalonate decarboxylase from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. | a novel decarboxylase which catalyzes an enantioselective decarboxylation of alpha-aryl-alpha-methylmalonates to alpha-arylpropionates has been purified from a soil bacterium alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. the enzyme was purified 300-fold to homogeneity, judged from the analysis of n-terminal amino acid sequence, and found to be a monomeric enzyme of apparent 24 kda. the enzyme catalyzes a decarboxylation giving alpha-arylalkanoates from substituted malonates such as alpha-arylmalonate and ... | 1992 | 1459132 |
| czcr and czcd, gene products affecting regulation of resistance to cobalt, zinc, and cadmium (czc system) in alcaligenes eutrophus. | the czcr gene, one of the two control genes responsible for induction of resistance to co2+, zn2+, and cd2+ (czc system) in the alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pmol30, was cloned and characterized. the 1,376-bp sequence upstream of the czccbad structural genes encodes a 41.4-kda protein, the czcr gene product, transcribed in the opposite direction of that of the czccbad genes. the putative czcr polypeptide (355 amino acid residues) contains 11 cysteine and 14 histidine residues which might form me ... | 1992 | 1459958 |
| [the construction of genomic library of alcaligenes faecalis and cloning of nifh gene sequence homologous to klebsiella pneumoniae]. | a genomic library of alcaligenes faecalis a-15hl which possesses rather high nitrogenase activity has been constructed. the total dna of a. faecalis a-15 hl was partially digested with sau3ai. 13-20 kb of fragments recovered from agarose gel were cloned in bacteriophage em-bl4 vector. a total number of 1.2 x 10(6) of recombinants was obtained. it is much beyond the desired capacity of a library. by using nifh gene of k. pneumoniae from plasmid pgb1 as probe, we have successfully screened the clo ... | 1992 | 1466914 |
| molecular basis for biosynthesis and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids in bacteria. | the current knowledge on the structure and on the organization of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha)-biosynthetic genes from a wide range of different bacteria, which rely on different pathways for biosynthesis of this storage polyesters, is provided. molecular data will be shown for genes of alcaligenes eutrophus, purple non-sulfur bacteria, such as rhodospirillum rubrum, purple sulfur bacteria, such as chromatium vinosum, pseudomonads belonging to rrna homology group i, such as pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1992 | 1476773 |
| intracellular degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules of zoogloea ramigera i-16-m. | intracellular degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) in bacteria is not yet clear. the properties of the autodigestion of native phb granules from zoogloea ramigera i-16-m were examined. the release of d(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate was observed only at ph values higher than about 8.5 and at relatively high ionic strength (optimal concentration 200 mm nacl). triton x-100 and diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibited this reaction. addition of the supernatant fraction of z. ramigera did not increase the ... | 1992 | 1476778 |
| biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) from amino acids. | it was found that an optically active copolyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), denoted as p(3hb-co-3hv), is synthesized by alcaligenes eutrophus h16 from several amino acids under various fermentation conditions. the optimum condition for the biosynthesis from one amino acid, threonine, was investigated and its biosynthetic pathway was discussed on the basis of the relation between the fermentation condition and the co-monomer composition of the produced polyesters. | 1992 | 1476987 |
| organization of non-vertebrate globin genes. | the organization of non-vertebrate globin genes exhibits substantially more variability than the three-exon, two-intron structure of the vertebrate globin genes. (1) the structures of genes of the single-domain globin chains of the annelid lumbricus and the mollusc anadara, and the globin gene coding for the two-domain chains of the clam barbatia, are similar to the vertebrate plan. (2) genes for single-domain chains exist in bacteria and protozoa. although the globin gene is highly expressed in ... | 1992 | 1478060 |
| treatment of low density lipophorin with lipoprotein lipase: diacylglycerol content has no effect on dissociation of apolipophorin iii from low-density lipophorin. | the mechanism of the conversion of low-density lipophorin (ldlp) to high-density lipophorin (hdlp) in long-distance flight insects was investigated using a lipoprotein lipase from a bacterium, alcaligenes sp. diacylglycerol of ldlp was steadily hydrolyzed in vitro by the lipase, resulting in a 90% loss of diacylglycerol from ldlp during incubation. the "lipase-treated ldlp" thus obtained still contained associated apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii). these data suggest that the dissociation of apolp-i ... | 1992 | 1478928 |
| five cases of alcaligenes pseudobacteraemia. | a cluster of five cases of pseudobacteraemia due to the organism alcaligenes denitrificans occurred in three hospital medical wards over a four week period. the same organism was isolated from four of twelve commercially prepared bottles for erythrocyte sedimentation tests. the most likely explanation for the outbreak is that the esr bottles were filled prior to inoculation of blood culture bottles. the outbreak was brought to an end by advising on correct procedure. | 1992 | 1481307 |
| [the vital activities of enterobacteria in an aqueous medium in the absence of sources of organic nutrition]. | heterotrophic bacteria were found to be capable of proliferation in physiological saline and distilled water. in 1988-1989 experimental studies were made with a view to establish the role of the gaseous phase of atmospheric air and the products of the autolysis of dead bacteria as the sources of organic nutrition. the studies revealed that the complete removal of atmospheric air from vials with bacterial suspension completely stopped the stimulation of reproduction. in vials with a higher concen ... | 1992 | 1481596 |
| sequence determination and characterization of a phospholipase a2 isozyme from trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom. | in addition to phospholipase a2-i (pla2-i) reported previously (oda et al., 1991, toxicon 29, 157), a new pla2 named pla2-ii was isolated from trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom, and its amino acid sequence was determined by sequencing the native protein and the peptides produced by enzymatic (achromobacter protease i and clostripain) cleavages of the carboxamidomethylated derivative of the protein. the protein consisted of 122 amino acid residues and his-47, asp-48, and asp-98 whic ... | 1992 | 1485333 |
| immunoelectronmicroscopic study of the nucleoid structure of hydrogen bacteria. | electron microscopical studies of the nucleoid structure of hydrogen bacteria using ultrahin sections and spread dna from bacterial cell lysates revealed a different dna packaging in the cell. a compact state of the major part of dna at all growth stages and stability of nucleosome-like structures were shown. the use of antibodies to hu protein of e. coli labelled by protein a-colloidal gold demonstrated the immunological relationship between hu protein of e. coli and histone-like proteins of al ... | 1992 | 1487818 |
| selective isolation of fluorescent and nonfluorescent pseudomonas species from sohag governorate (upper egypt). | three hundred and fourty nine isolates belonging to ten different species of pseudomonas were isolated and identified from soil and water samples on four selective isolation media: modified trypticase soy agar (tsa), acc-agar containing ampicillin-chloramphenicol-cycloheximide, nitrate plus organic acid agar and tryptophan substrate agar. the fluorescent species were p. putida (21.2% of the total pseudomonas species), p. fluorescens (15.8%), p. aeruginosa (9.7%) and p. aureobaciens (2.6%), while ... | 1992 | 1487819 |
| uniform designation for genes of the calvin-benson-bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway of bacteria. | structural and regulatory genes encoding enzymes and proteins of the reductive pentose phosphate pathway have been isolated from a number of bacteria recently. in the phototroph rhodobacter sphaeroides, and in two chemoautotrophic bacteria, alcaligenes eutrophus and xanthobacter flavus, these genes have been found in distinct operons. however, in these three organisms and in other bacteria where certain of these genes have been discovered, a uniform nomenclature to designate these genes has been ... | 1992 | 1490592 |
| [a bioluminescence method of determining the activity of nad-dependent hydrogenase]. | an analytical multienzyme system composed of nad-dependent hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus, and reductase and luciferase from luminous bacteria was studied. the rate of luminescence increase of this system was found to be proportional to hydrogenase activity. the apparent michaelis constants for nad and hydrogen were determined (5 and 40 microm, respectively). the ph optimum is 7.5-9.0. over the nad concentration range from 20 to 100 microm, the rate of luminescence increase changed by less ... | 1992 | 1494576 |
| [characterization of alcaligenes species using analysis of esterase electrophoretic polymorphism and analysis of antibiotic resistance profiles]. | the species of an alcaligenes bacterial strain may be difficult to determine on the basis of conventional phenotype features. esterase pattern analysis using acrylamide-agar gel electrophoresis and determination of the antimicrobial resistance profile (agar diffusion method) were performed for a. faecalis (34 strains). a. denitrificans subsp xylosoxydans (16 strains) and a. piechaudi (5 strains). the cistat program (d2 software) was used for statistical representation of results. the homogeneous ... | 1992 | 1495848 |
| cloning of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) synthase genes of rhodobacter sphaeroides and rhodospirillum rubrum and heterologous expression in alcaligenes eutrophus. | from genomic libraries of the purple non-sulfur bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum ha and rhodobacter sphaeroides atcc 17023 in the broad-host range cosmid pvk100, we cloned a 15- and a 14-kbp hindiii restriction fragment, respectively. each of these fragments restored the ability to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb), in the phb-negative mutant alcaligenes eutrophus phb-4. these hybrid cosmids also complemented phb-negative mutants derived from wild-type r. rubrum or r. sphaeroides. both frag ... | 1992 | 1499989 |
| extracellular poly(hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerases and their inhibitor from pseudomonas lemoignei. | enzymatic degradation processes of microbial copolyesters, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate): p(3hb-co-3hv) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate): p(3hb-co-4hb), were studied by the weight loss (erosion) of copolyester films. these studies employed three extracellular depolymerases which degrade poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): p(3hb). two enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant of pseudomonas lemoignei and one from alcaligenes faecalis t1. the rate of enzymatic degradat ... | 1992 | 1504046 |
| [clinical evaluation of meropenem in children]. | meropenem (mepm) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. the following results were obtained. mepm was given to 12 patients with infections: 5 with pneumonia, 1 with bacterial meningitis, 2 with pharyngitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. therapeutic responses were "excellent" in 5, "good" in 4 and "fair" in 3, with an efficacy rate of 75%. adverse reactions were not noted. no abnormalities were shown in laboratory data. it has been concluded that mepm is a useful drug for the treatm ... | 1992 | 1507404 |
| susceptibility of pseudomonas species to the novel antibiotics mureidomycins. | strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, including imipenem- or ofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates, and some other species in the genus pseudomonas were inhibited by novel antibiotics of the mureidomycin (mrd) group. on the other hand, almost all other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were resistant to mrds, though the antibiotics potently inhibited the in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis of escherichia coli and p. aeruginosa. all of the strains in the genus pseudomonas that were inhibited by ... | 1992 | 1510388 |
| the structural genes encoding co dehydrogenase subunits (cox l, m and s) in pseudomonas carboxydovorans om5 reside on plasmid phcg3 and are, with the exception of streptomyces thermoautotrophicus, conserved in carboxydotrophic bacteria. | employing deoxyoligonucleotide probes and southern hybridizations, we have examined in carboxydotrophic bacteria the localization on the genome of genes encoding the large, medium and small subunits of co dehydrogenase (coxl, m and s, respectively). in pseudomonas carboxydovorans om5 coxl, m and s were identified on the plasmid phcg3; they were absent on the chromosome. this was evident from positive hybridizations with plasmid dna of the wild-type strain om5 and the absence of hybridizations wi ... | 1992 | 1510563 |
| molecular genetics of the extracellular lipase of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. | the structural gene (lipa) coding for the extracellular lipase of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 has been cloned on plasmid psw118. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a gene of 936 bp. lipa codes for a proenzyme of 311 amino acids including a leader sequence of 26 amino acids. the mature protein was predicted to have a m(r) of 30134, an isoelectric point of 5.6, and a consensus sequence (ighshgg) typical of lipases. furthermore it is highly homologous (greater than 60%) to other lipases from var ... | 1992 | 1512563 |
| microbial degradation of shrimp-shell waste. | a total of 40 strains of bacteria were isolated and tested for their potentiality to degrade chitin and utilize shrimp-shell waste for the production of chitinase. the activity ratio, percentage of weight loss and enzyme activity were determined for cultures exhibiting highest chitinolytic activities. the most active organisms were identified as alcaligenes denitrificans, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. megaterium and b. subtilis. the potentiality of the first two organisms to degrade chitin was ... | 1992 | 1512701 |
| biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) from threonine. | a series of copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv) was biosynthesized by alcaligenes eutrophus from an amino acid, threonine. the 3hv content of these polyesters ranged from less than 0.1% to 30%. | 1992 | 1515401 |
| biosynthesis and n.m.r. studies of deuterated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) produced by alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | alcaligenes eutrophus h16 was grown on mixtures of 1h- and 2h-acetate as carbon sources. the accumulation of deuterated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (p(3hb)) was observed. the deuterium distributions in the isolated p(3hb)s were determined from 1h and 2h-n.m.r. spectra and confirmed by 13c-n.m.r. spectra. although one would expect to synthesize p([2,2,4,4,4-2h5]3hb) when the cells were grown on 2h-acetate as the sole carbon source, the methyl, methylene and methine groups of the p(3hb) contained both ... | 1992 | 1515404 |
| synthesis and antitumor activities of mitomycin c (1----3)-beta-d-glucan conjugate. | the conjugate of mitomycin c (mmc) with linear (1----3)-beta-d-glucan from alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes ifo 13140 was synthesized and its antitumor activities investigated. the conjugate (mmc-carboxymethylated linear (1----3)-beta-d-glucan (cmps)) was obtained by treatment of cmps with mmc in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. in vitro cytotoxicity of mmc-cmps against l1210 leukemia cells was similar to that of mmc. in i.p.-i.p. system in vivo against p388 leu ... | 1992 | 1525956 |
| homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. iii. protective effect of lpsw (lipopolysaccharide (lps) of wheat flour) on gastric ulcer in mice as compared with those of other lps from various sources. | protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from various sources on gastric ulcer has been examined in mice using parenteral as well as oral route. ulcer is induced by indomethacin, stress or alcohol. lps was prepared from 6 species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pantoea agglomerans, serratia ficaria, enterobacter cloacae, bordetella pertussis, alcaligenes faecalis) and from wheat flour. when administered intravenously, lps of pantoea agglomerans was the most effective among other lps examined ... | 1992 | 1525959 |
| identification, cloning and sequence analysis of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthase gene of the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus ruber. | the first polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) synthase gene (phbcrr) of a gram-positive bacterium was cloned from a genomic library of rhodococcus ruber in the broad-host-range plasmid vector prk404. the hybrid plasmid harboring phbcrr allowed the expression of polyhydroxybutyric acid (phb) synthase activity and restored the ability of phb synthesis in a phb-negative mutant of alcaligenes eutrophus. nucleotide sequence analysis of phbcrr revealed an open reading frame of 1686 bp starting with the rar ... | 1992 | 1526467 |
| characterization of two genes (hupd and hupe) required for hydrogenase activity in azotobacter chroococcum. | in azotobacter chroococcum the hydrogenase structural genes (hupsl) cover about 2.8 kb of a 15-kb region associated with hydrogen-uptake (hup) activity. two other genes in this region, hupd and hupe, were located 8.9 kb downstream of hupl and were shown to be essential for hydrogenase activity by insertion mutagenesis. a fragment of dna beginning 3.4 kb downstream of hupl was able to complement the hupe mutant, supporting earlier evidence for a promoter downstream of hupsl. hybridization experim ... | 1992 | 1526470 |
| neonatal septicaemia in an african city of high altitude. | ninety-nine cases of neonatal septicaemia prospectively seen over a 3-year period in a large cosmopolitan african city of high altitude is presented. an incidence of 6.5 per 1000 live births was noted. though the most important pathogens were klebsiella spp. and staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter difficile and alkalegenes faecalis were the pathogens associated with a high mortality rate. low birth weight infants were significantly more affected. the overall mortality rate was 27.3 per cent. the ... | 1992 | 1527816 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of catechol 2,3-dioxygenases from biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyls-degrading bacteria. | catechol 2,3-dioxygenases were cloned from alcaligenes sp. kf711, pseudomonas putida kf715, and achromobacter xylosoxidans kf701 which are biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyls-degrading bacteria. all of the cloned enzymes were purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the purified catechol 2,3-dioxygenases were significantly different from one another in ring-fission activities to catechol and its derivatives. the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from alcaligenes sp. kf711 exhibit ... | 1992 | 1530619 |
| characterization of an azospirillum brasilense sp7 gene homologous to alcaligenes eutrophus phbb and to rhizobium meliloti nodg. | a 4 kb sali fragment from azospirillum brasilense sp7 that shares homology with a 6.8 kb ecori fragment carrying nodgefh and part of nodp of rhizobium meliloti 41 was cloned in puc18 to yield pab503. the nucleotide sequence of a 2 kb sali-smai fragment of the pab503 insert revealed an open reading frame, named orf3, encoding a polypeptide sharing 40% identity with r. meliloti nodg. the deduced polypeptide also shared 60% identity with the alcaligenes eutrophus nadph-dependent acetoacetyl-coa (aa ... | 1992 | 1538694 |
| evidence for 4-chlorobenzoic acid dehalogenation mediated by plasmids related to pss50. | the biodegradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl usually proceeds through the intermediate 4-chlorobenzoate. few bacterial strains can degrade 4-chlorobiphenyl to 4-chlorobenzoate and 4-chlorobenzoate to co2. this study demonstrates that the 4-chlorobiphenyl-degrading alcaligenes sp. strain alp83 can degrade 4-chlorobenzoate to 4-hydroxybenzoate. the dehalogenase activity is correlated with a 10-kb fragment carried on plasmid pss70. | 1992 | 1539985 |
| structural similarity of d-aminopeptidase to carboxypeptidase dd and beta-lactamases. | the gene for d-aminopeptidase (dap) has been isolated from the bacterium ochrobactrum anthropi scrc c1-38 [asano, y., nakazawa, a., kato, y., & kondo, k. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 14233-14239] and its nucleotide sequence determined. an expression plasmid pc138dp (4.5 kb) was constructed by placing the gene downstream of the lac promoter of puc19. the amount of the enzyme in the cell-free extract of escherichia coli jm109/pc138dp was elevated to 288,000 units/l of culture, which is about 3600-fo ... | 1992 | 1540587 |
| characterization of catechol 2,3-dioxygenases. | three catechol 2,3-dioxygenases for biphenyl, naphthalene/salicylate, and toluene/xylene oxidation were cloned from achromobacter xylosoxidans kf701, pseudomonas putida (nah7), and pseudomonas sp. (pwwo). the cloned catechol 2,3-dioxygenases were identified by enzymatic activity assay in addition to yellow bands on polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis and activity staining. all of the cloned catechol 2,3-dioxygenases exhibited their highest activities on catechol as a substrate compared with ... | 1992 | 1543511 |
| bacteremia due to achromobacter xylosoxidans in patients with cancer. | bacteremia due to achromobacter xylosoxidans is rare, and little information on treatment is available. between 1983 and 1988, a. xylosoxidans was recovered from 26 cultures of blood from 10 patients with cancer and clinical signs of infection, including one patient with septic shock and two with pneumonia. neutropenia did not seem to be a predisposing factor. the infection may have been catheter related in four patients and associated with gastrointestinal pathology in four others. probable cau ... | 1992 | 1554834 |
| kinetic comparison of seven strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria. | seven strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria, including pseudomonas, alcaligenes, and bordetella spp., were compared on the basis of growth kinetics. estimates of maximum growth rate (mu max, k1) and half-saturation growth constant (ks, k3) were obtained by fitting substrate depletion curves to a four-parameter version of the integrated monod equation. estimates of ks ranged from 2.2 micrograms/ml (10 microm) to 33.8 micrograms/ml (154 microm), and estimates of mu max range ... | 1992 | 1575475 |
| catheter-associated sepsis caused by ochrobactrum anthropi: report of a case and review of related nonfermentative bacteria. | ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as cdc group vd, is an oxidase-producing, gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting bacillus that oxidizes glucose and grows readily on macconkey agar. only occasionally isolated from human clinical specimens, this organism has rarely been found to be pathogenic. we describe the first reported case of infection due to o. anthropi in a child, that of bacteremia in a 3-year-old girl undergoing chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. in addition, we review the literature ... | 1992 | 1576286 |
| gene regulation of plasmid- and chromosome-determined inorganic ion transport in bacteria. | regulation of chromosomally determined nutrient cation and anion uptake systems shows important similarities to regulation of plasmid-determined toxic ion resistance systems that mediate the outward transport of deleterious ions. chromosomally determined transport systems result in accumulation of k+, mg2+, fe3+, mn2+, po4(3-), so4(2-), and additional trace nutrients, while bacterial plasmids harbor highly specific resistance systems for aso2-, aso4(3-), cro4(2-), cd2+, co2+, cu2+, hg2+, ni2+, s ... | 1992 | 1579110 |
| purification and characterization of aspmd1, an isoschizomer of sau3ai, from a marine bacterium, alcaligenes sp md1. | | 1992 | 1579507 |
| evaluation of the 4-hour rapid nf plus method for identification of 345 gram-negative nonfermentative rods. | the ability of the rapid nf plus system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., atlanta, ga.) to identify 345 nonfermentative gram-negative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 1 mcfarland suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after a 4-h incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified 311 strains (90.1%) without additional tests and 21 strains (6.1%) with additional tests, and 13 strains (3.8%) were misidentified. five of 13 misidentified strains were alcal ... | 1992 | 1583129 |
| location of the o-acetyl group in welan by the reductive-cleavage method. | | 1992 | 1591770 |
| an unusual yellow pigmented pseudomonas species isolated from chlorinated municipal town water supply. | a gram-negative non-fermentative rod (gn-nf) which produced a yellow non-diffusible pigment is described. the isolate is typical of the heterotropic population of bacteria present in the chlorinated town water, as supplied to the city of brisbane, queensland, australia. the strain could be not satisfactorily identified by automatic microbic systems (vitek) or api 20 ne protocols. characterization tests, performed according to conventional methods, including other morphological and physiological ... | 1992 | 1593969 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of pseudoazurin from alcaligenes faecalis s-6; pro80ala mutant exhibits marked increase in reduction potential. | pseudoazurin (a blue copper protein or cupredoxin) of a denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes faecalis s-6 is a direct electron carrier for a cu-containing nitrite reductase (nir) of the same organism. site-directed mutagenesis of the pseudoazurin was carried out using an escherichia coli expression system. replacement of tyr74 by phe to remove an internal hydrogen bond in the beta-barrel caused a slight decrease in heat stability as well as a requirement for a higher concentration of cu2+ for prod ... | 1992 | 1594573 |
| yeast flavohemoglobin is an ancient protein related to globins and a reductase family. | the hemoglobin of yeast is a two-domain protein with both heme and flavin prosthetic groups. the nucleotide sequences of the cdna and genomic dna encoding the protein from saccharomyces cerevisiae show that introns are absent and that both domains are homologous with a flavoheme protein from escherichia coli. the heme domains are also homologous with those of o2-binding heme proteins from several other distantly related bacteria, plants, and animals; all appear to be members of the same globin s ... | 1992 | 1594608 |
| biodeuteration of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate). | the formation of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), phb, by rhodobacter sphaeroides and alcaligenes eutrophus was studied using the following carbon sources and solvents: (1), acetate in h2o; (2), d3-acetate in h2o; (3), acetate in 90 to 92% d2o; and (4), d3-acetate in 90 to 92% d2o. the growth of rb. sphaeroides cultured under condition (2) showed no apparent deuterium isotope effect, while considerably slowed growth in the presence of d2o was observed under conditions (3) and (4). in all cases, the p ... | 1992 | 1596470 |
| plasticization of poly(hydroxybutyrate) in vivo. | the influence of a variety of treatments on the mobility and crystallinity of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (phb) in whole cells and native granules has been proved using 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction, and correlated with the known biological effects of these treatments. it was concluded that at least water is responsible for phb plasticization in vivo, and that only native mobile phb is susceptible to depolymerases. another, probably hydrophobic, component appears to be involved ... | 1992 | 1596472 |
| production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in a recombinant escherichia coli strain. | an escherichia coli strain has been constructed that produces the copolymer poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) p(hb-co-hv). this has been accomplished by placing the phb biosynthetic genes from alcaligenes eutrophus into an e. coli fadr atoc(con) mutant and culturing the strain in m9 minimal medium containing glucose and propionate. 3-hydroxyvalerate incorporation is absolutely dependent on the presence of both glucose and propionate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate ratios in ... | 1992 | 1599234 |
| polymerase chain reaction and gene probe detection of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation plasmid, pjp4. | specific and sensitive detection of indigenous and introduced degradative organisms is an essential prerequisite to their use in remediation of toxic waste and soil systems. procedures were employed for the use of polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for sensitive detection of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid-degrading bacterium, alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4). two 20-mer oligonucleotide primers were identified for amplification of a 205-bp region of the tfdb gene of pjp4, and optimum ... | 1992 | 1599246 |
| complete oxidation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by bacterial communities selected from coastal seawater. | anionic surfactants, especially alkylbenzene sulfonates, are discharged into marine areas in great quantities. because of their poor biodegradability, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates accumulate in seawater and sediments. bacterial communities that can degrade surfactants were selected from coastal seawater contaminated by urban sewage. all the isolated strains consisted of gram-negative, strictly aerobic rods or helical bacteria. some of these, though isolated from coastal seawater, did not need ... | 1992 | 1599249 |
| fibronectin type iii-like sequences and a new domain type in prokaryotic depolymerases with insoluble substrates. | fibronectin type iii-like sequences are present in many proteins from higher eukaryotes and are involved in protein-protein interactions, heparin binding and cell adhesion. a nine-member family of bacterial sequences is shown to be significantly homologous to the type iii-like sequences. all the sequences are contained in secreted depolymerases acting on complex, energy-rich insoluble substrates, in which they apparently do not participate in catalysis or substrate-binding, their exact function ... | 1992 | 1618347 |
| nucleotide sequences and genetic analysis of hydrogen oxidation (hox) genes in azotobacter vinelandii. | azotobacter vinelandii contains a heterodimeric, membrane-bound [nife]hydrogenase capable of catalyzing the reversible oxidation of h2. the beta and alpha subunits of the enzyme are encoded by the structural genes hoxk and hoxg, respectively, which appear to form part of an operon that contains at least one further potential gene (open reading frame 3 [orf3]). in this study, determination of the nucleotide sequence of a region of 2,344 bp downstream of orf3 revealed four additional closely space ... | 1992 | 1624446 |
| photogeneration of nadh under coupled action of cds semiconductor and hydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus without exogenous mediators. | photoreduction of nad has been accomplished by a system consisting of the nad-dependent hydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus immobilized on cds particles with formate as artificial electron donor. enzymatically active nadh is formed under illumination of this system by visible light. accumulation of the coenzyme dimer (nad)2 was not detected. nad photoreduction is supposed to proceed via the direct electron transfer from the semiconductor to the enzyme electron transport chain. however, nadh f ... | 1992 | 1633866 |
| [the use of pulsed field electrophoresis using diversely directed electrical fields for establishing the degree of similarity of three pseudomonas cultures]. | it has been shown that from the group of three restriction endonucleases (xbai, uba 78i, drai) only xbai digests the native pseudomonas genomic dna into the number of fragments, sufficient for their comparative analysis. optimal electrophoresis conditions were adjusted for the better dna restricts separation. each pseudomonas culture gives unique patterns of dna restriction. the calculation of the conservative fragments fraction content in the samples led us to the conclusion that p. fluorescens ... | 1992 | 1635481 |
| identification of a lacz gene in vibrio cholerae. | plasmids that express an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase in an escherichia coli delta lac strain were isolated from libraries of recombinant plasmids containing vibrio cholerae chromosomal dna. deletion analysis localized the gene responsible for beta-galactosidase activity on a 3.1-kb dna fragment, and the gene product was identified as a protein of approximately 110 kda. primary sequence comparisons indicated that this v. cholerae gene is homologous to the e. coli lacz gene. in contras ... | 1992 | 1641510 |
| na+/h+ exchange modulates rat neutrophil mediated tumor cytotoxicity. | rat neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, bacillus calmette-guérin, zymosan a, and beta-1,3-d-glucan from alcaligenes faecalis showed cytotoxicity to various tumor cells. hydrogen peroxide was shown to be an effector molecule in tumor cytotoxicity by inhibition using various active oxygen scavengers. the following findings suggest that tumor cytotoxicity by rat neutrophils stimulated with the four reagents mentioned above is regulated by na+/h+ exchange: (a) an increase in ... | 1991 | 1645615 |
| spectral properties of achromobacter xylosoxidans cytochromes c' and their no complexes. | cytochromes c' have been isolated from six strains of achromobacter xylosoxidans: ncib 11015 (formerly alcaligenes sp. ncib 11015), gifu 543, 1048, 1051, 1055 and 1764. they are dimeric proteins with more positive redox potentials than those of cytochromes c' from phototrophic bacteria at neutral ph. the electronic absorption, epr and mcd spectra on no-ferrous cytochromes c' at physiological ph showed that the major part of the heme-iron of nitrosylheme was penta-coordinated. the epr spectral re ... | 1991 | 1646026 |
| proton and tritium nmr relaxation studies of peptide inhibitor binding to bacterial collagenase: conformation and dynamics. | the interaction of succinyl-pro-ala, a competitive inhibitor of achromobacter iophagus collagenase, with the enzyme was studied by longitudinal proton and tritium relaxation. specific deuterium and tritium labeling of the succinyl part at vicinal positions allowed the measurement of the cross-relaxation rates of individual proton or tritium spin pairs in the inhibitor-enzyme complex as well as in the free inhibitor. overall correlation times, internuclear distances, and qualitative information o ... | 1991 | 1651124 |
| identification and characterization of two alcaligenes eutrophus gene loci relevant to the poly(beta-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky phenotype which exhibit homology to ptsh and ptsi of escherichia coli. | from genomic libraries of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 in lambda l47 and in pvk100, we cloned dna fragments which restored the wild-type phenotype to poly(beta-hydroxybutyric acid) (phb)-leaky mutants derived from strains h16 and jmp222. the nucleotide sequence analysis of a 4.5-kb region of one of these fragments revealed two adjacent open reading frames (orf) which are relevant for the expression of the phb-leaky phenotype. the 1,799-bp orf1 represented a gene which was referred to as phbi. the a ... | 1991 | 1653223 |