| characterization of a dam mutant of serratia marcescens and nucleotide sequence of the dam region. | the dna of serratia marcescens has n6-adenine methylation in gatc sequences. among 2-aminopurine-sensitive mutants isolated from s. marcescens sr41, one was identified which lacked gatc methylation. the mutant showed up to 30-fold increased spontaneous mutability and enhanced mutability after treatment with 2-aminopurine, ethyl methanesulfonate, or uv light. the gene (dam) coding for the adenine methyltransferase (dam enzyme) of s. marcescens was identified on a gene bank plasmid which alleviate ... | 1999 | 10383952 |
| eikenella corrodens phase variation involves a posttranslational event in pilus formation. | the human pathogen eikenella corrodens synthesizes type iv pili and exhibits a phase variation involving the irreversible transition from piliated to nonpiliated variants. on solid medium, piliated variants form small (s-phase), corroding colonies whereas nonpiliated variants form large (l-phase), noncorroding colonies. we are studying the molecular basis of this phase variation in the clinical isolate e. corrodens va1. a genomic fragment encoding the major type iv pilin was cloned from the s-ph ... | 1999 | 10400570 |
| unusual genetic organization of a functional type i protein secretion system in neisseria meningitidis. | proteins secreted by neisseria meningitidis are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease. these proteins include the iron-repressible repeat-in-toxin (rtx) exoprotein frpc. related proteins in other pathogens are secreted via a type i secretion system (toss), but such a system has not been demonstrated in n. meningitidis. an in silico search of the group b meningococcal genome suggested the presence of a uniquely organized toss. genes encoding homologs of the ... | 2005 | 16113272 |
| evolutionary history of hrga, which replaces the restriction gene hpyiiir in the hpyiii locus of helicobacter pylori. | a recently identified helicobacter pylori gene, hrga, was previously reported to be present in 70 (33%) of 208 strains examined (t. ando, t. m. wassenaar, r. m. peek, r. a. aras, a. i. tschumi, l.-j. van doorn, k. kusugami, and m. j. blaser, cancer res. 62:2385-2389, 2002). sequence analysis of nine such strains indicated that in each strain hrga replaced hpyiiir, which encodes a restriction endonuclease and which, together with the gene for its cognate methyltransferase, constitutes the hpyiii ... | 2003 | 12486066 |
| multiplex pcr assay that identifies the major lipooligosaccharide serotype expressed by moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | a heterologous cluster of glycosyltransferase genes was identified in the three moraxella catarrhalis los serotype strains. multiple pcr primers designed to this region amplified products that differentiate between the serotypes more rapidly and efficiently than previously described serological analyses. this assay will be valuable for clinical and research-based studies. | 2005 | 16333114 |
| analyses of lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins and dna fingerprints reveal intraspecies diversity in moraxella bovis isolated in argentina. | intra-specific diversity within moraxella bovis was investigated analysing dna fingerprints, outer membrane proteins (omp) and lipopolysaccharides (lps) profiles. three collection strains and 57 isolates of m. bovis, collected during 3 years from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) symptoms, from diverse geographical locations of argentina, were examined. the lps and omp profiles were studied through sds-page analysis and genotype was determined by pcr-dna fingerprinting. ge ... | 1999 | 10596805 |
| an rtx operon in hemolytic moraxella bovis is absent from nonhemolytic strains. | pathogenic isolates of moraxella bovis express a calcium-dependent transmembrane pore forming cytotoxin that is an rtx toxin encoded by mbxa. the dna flanking mbxa was cloned and sequenced to determine if m. bovis contained a classical rtx operon. open reading frames (orfs) with deduced amino acid sequence homology to putative activation (rtx c) and transport (rtx b and d) proteins were identified and have been designated mbxc, mbxb, and mbxd, respectively. thus, hemolytic m. bovis contains a ty ... | 2003 | 12554105 |
| the moraxella bovis rtx toxin locus mbx defines a pathogenicity island. | to characterize flanking regions of the mbx operon in moraxella bovis, dna surrounding mbxcabdtolc was sequenced in haemolytic and nonhaemolytic strains of m. bovis. in two haemolytic strains of m. bovis, the mbx operon, including the adjacent m. bovis tolc orthologue, was flanked by approximately 700 bp imperfect repeats. nonhaemolytic strains of m. bovis had only one or no such repeats, as well as orfs identical to those flanking the repeats from haemolytic m. bovis. two nonhaemolytic strains ... | 2006 | 16533993 |
| cloning and sequencing of the ompa gene of enterobacter sakazakii and development of an ompa-targeted pcr for rapid detection of enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. | enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging, infant formula-borne pathogen that causes severe meningitis, meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants, with a high fatality rate. traditional detection methods take up to 7 days to identify e. sakazakii. the outer membrane protein a gene (ompa), along with its flanking sequences from e. sakazakii (atcc 51329), was cloned in the pgem-t easy vector and sequenced. comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid seq ... | 2006 | 16597955 |
| plasticity of the p junc promoter of isec11, a new insertion sequence of the is1111 family. | we describe identification and functional characterization of isec11, a new insertion sequence that is widespread in enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), in which it is always present on the virulence plasmid (pinv) and very frequently also present on the chromosome. isec11 is flanked by subterminal 13-bp inverted repeats (irs) and is bounded by 3-bp terminal sequences, and it transposes with target specificity without generating duplication of the target site. isec11 is characterized by an atypical t ... | 2006 | 16788177 |
| a field trial of autogenous moraxella bovis bacterin administered through either subcutaneous or subconjunctival injection on the development of keratoconjunctivitis in a beef herd. | the primary purpose of these experiments was to evaluate an autogenous moraxella bovis bacterin administered through 2 separate routes of inoculation. an autogenous bacterin was manufactured by using m. bovis recovered from the herd. the bacterin was administered by subcutaneous injection or subconjunctival injection. in each experiment, unvaccinated animals served as controls. random selection methods were used to place calves into a vaccination or control group. there was no statistical differ ... | 2003 | 12892288 |
| potential pathogens carried by spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain. | the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) population of southern spain was surveyed for potential pathogens associated with the conjunctiva, external ear canal, as well as reproductive and upper respiratory tracts. we sampled 321 ibex (131 adult males, 100 adult females, and 90 yearlings); these included 271 apparently healthy animals and 50 that were naturally infected with sarcoptes scabiei. a total of 688 bacterial isolates were identified (377 gram-negatives, 225 gram-positives, and 86 my ... | 2006 | 16870855 |
| filamentous-haemagglutinin-like protein genes encoded on a plasmid of moraxella bovis. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid, pmbo-1, from moraxella bovis strain epp63 was determined. we identified 30 open reading frames (orfs) encoded by the 44,215bp molecule. two large orfs, flpa and flpb, encoding proteins with similarity to bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), were identified on the same plasmid. the gene for a specific accessory protein (fap), which may play a role in the secretion of flp protein, was also identified. reverse transcriptase pcr analys ... | 2006 | 16879933 |
| crystal structure of mboiia methyltransferase. | dna methyltransferases (mtases) are sequence-specific enzymes which transfer a methyl group from s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) to the amino group of either cytosine or adenine within a recognized dna sequence. methylation of a base in a specific dna sequence protects dna from nucleolytic cleavage by restriction enzymes recognizing the same dna sequence. we have determined at 1.74 a resolution the crystal structure of a beta-class dna mtase mboiia (m.mboiia) from the bacterium moraxella bovis, ... | 2003 | 12954781 |
| paradoxical lipid dependence of pores formed by the escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. | alpha-hemolysin (hlya) is an extracellular protein toxin (117 kda) secreted by escherichia coli that targets the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. we studied the interaction of this toxin with membranes using planar phospholipid bilayers. for all lipid mixtures tested, addition of nanomolar concentrations of toxin resulted in an increase of membrane conductance and a decrease in membrane stability. hlya decreased membrane lifetime up to three orders of magnitude in a voltage-dependent manner ... | 2006 | 16935953 |
| glycosylation of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa5196 type iv pilins with mycobacterium-like alpha-1,5-linked d-araf oligosaccharides. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that uses polar type iv pili for adherence to various materials and for rapid colonization of surfaces via twitching motility. within the p. aeruginosa species, five distinct alleles encoding variants of the structural subunit pila varying in amino acid sequence, length, and presence of posttranslational modifications have been identified. in this work, a combination of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to i ... | 2007 | 17085575 |
| glycosylation of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa5196 type iv pilins with mycobacterium-like alpha-1,5-linked d-araf oligosaccharides. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that uses polar type iv pili for adherence to various materials and for rapid colonization of surfaces via twitching motility. within the p. aeruginosa species, five distinct alleles encoding variants of the structural subunit pila varying in amino acid sequence, length, and presence of posttranslational modifications have been identified. in this work, a combination of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to i ... | 2007 | 17085575 |
| identification and characterization of an rtx toxin in the emerging pathogen kingella kingae. | kingella kingae is an emerging bacterial pathogen that is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of a variety of pediatric diseases, including septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. the pathogenesis of k. kingae disease is believed to begin with colonization of the upper respiratory tract. in the present study, we examined interactions between k. kingae and cultured respiratory epithelial cells and observed potent cytotoxicity, detected by both microscopy and lactic acid dehydrogenase (ldh) ... | 2007 | 17098895 |
| identification and characterization of an rtx toxin in the emerging pathogen kingella kingae. | kingella kingae is an emerging bacterial pathogen that is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of a variety of pediatric diseases, including septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. the pathogenesis of k. kingae disease is believed to begin with colonization of the upper respiratory tract. in the present study, we examined interactions between k. kingae and cultured respiratory epithelial cells and observed potent cytotoxicity, detected by both microscopy and lactic acid dehydrogenase (ldh) ... | 2007 | 17098895 |
| biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese. | bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ... | 2007 | 17189434 |
| biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese. | bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ... | 2007 | 17189434 |
| chromosomal context directs high-frequency precise excision of is492 in pseudoalteromonas atlantica. | dna rearrangements, including insertions, deletions, and inversions, control gene expression in numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, ranging from phase variation of surface antigens in pathogenic bacteria to generation of ig diversity in human b cells. we report here that precise excision of the mobile element is492 from one site on the pseudoalteromonas atlantica chromosome directly correlates with phase variation of peripheral extracellular polysaccharide ((p)eps) production from off ( ... | 2007 | 17264213 |
| caste- and development-associated gene expression in a lower termite. | social insects such as termites express dramatic polyphenism (the occurrence of multiple forms in a species on the basis of differential gene expression) both in association with caste differentiation and between castes after differentiation. we have used cdna macroarrays to compare gene expression between polyphenic castes and intermediary developmental stages of the termite reticulitermes flavipes. | 2003 | 14519197 |
| plasmids and rickettsial evolution: insight from rickettsia felis. | the genome sequence of rickettsia felis revealed a number of rickettsial genetic anomalies that likely contribute not only to a large genome size relative to other rickettsiae, but also to phenotypic oddities that have confounded the categorization of r. felis as either typhus group (tg) or spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. most intriguing was the first report from rickettsiae of a conjugative plasmid (prf) that contains 68 putative open reading frames, several of which are predicted to enc ... | 2007 | 17342200 |
| moraxella bovoculi sp. nov., isolated from calves with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | eighteen isolates of a gram-negative coccus (strain 237(t)) were cultured from the eyes of dairy and beef calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk; 'pinkeye') in northern california, usa, during summer 2002. these isolates had near full-length (1397 bp) 16s rrna gene sequences that clustered into three groups with 99.9 % sequence similarity. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence, the isolates were most closely associated with moraxella bovis and moraxella ovis in clade i ... | 2007 | 17392208 |
| the type iv pilin of burkholderia mallei is highly immunogenic but fails to protect against lethal aerosol challenge in a murine model. | burkholderia mallei is the cause of glanders and a proven biological weapon. we identified and purified the type iv pilin protein of this organism to study its potential as a subunit vaccine. we found that purified pilin was highly immunogenic. furthermore, mice infected via sublethal aerosol challenge developed significant increases in titers of antibody against the pilin, suggesting that it is expressed in vivo. nevertheless, we found no evidence that high-titer antipilin antisera provided pas ... | 2007 | 17403869 |
| a field trial of a pilated moraxella bovis bacterin for the prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | two field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a moraxella bovis bacterin in the control of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. the bacterin did not affect the incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in either trial but did appear to reduce the severity of lesions, treatments required and withdrawals from pasture required in one trial. possible reasons for the apparently contradictory results are offered. it is suggested that the bacterin may be of some value when us ... | 1986 | 17422610 |
| virulence genes in environmental strains of vibrio cholerae. | the virulence of a pathogen is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants and their well-regulated expression. the ctxab and tcpa genes are known to play a cardinal role in maintaining virulence in vibrio cholerae, and these genes are believed to be exclusively associated with clinical strains of o1 and o139 serogroups. in this study, we examined the presence of five virulence genes, including ctxab and tcpa, as well as toxr and toxt, which are involved in the regulation of virulence, i ... | 2000 | 10966424 |
| type iv fimbrial biogenesis is required for protease secretion and natural transformation in dichelobacter nodosus. | the objective of this study was to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which type iv fimbrial biogenesis, natural transformation, and protease secretion are linked in the ovine foot rot pathogen, dichelobacter nodosus. we have shown that like the d. nodosus fimbrial subunit fima, the pilin-like protein pile and the fimn, fimo, and fimp proteins, which are homologs of pilb, pilc, and pild from pseudomonas aeruginosa, are essential for fimbrial biogenesis and natural transforma ... | 2007 | 17513472 |
| relatedness of cytotoxins from geographically diverse isolates of moraxella bovis. | to determine whether amino acid sequence variation exists in the moraxella bovis (m. bovis) cytotoxin (mbxa) from geographically diverse m. bovis isolated in the united states, mbxa was amplified and sequenced. the mbxa deduced amino acid sequence from m. bovis originally isolated in california, washington, north carolina, and georgia, as well as reference strains of m. bovis isolated at the national animal disease laboratory, ames, ia, usa, all encoded a nearly identical 927 amino acid protein. ... | 2007 | 17540518 |
| antigenic relationships of moraxella bovis isolates recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina, brazil, and uruguay between 1983 and 2000. | cross-reactivity indices (cris) of 28 isolates of moraxella bovis recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina (a, 11 isolates), brazil (b, 7), and uruguay (u, 10) between 1983 and 2000 were estimated. hyperimmune sera were produced in rabbits and antibody titres determined with each isolate. isolates showing cris3 70 were placed in the same group. group i had 13 isolates (a, 1; b, 6; u, 6); group ii had 6 isolates (a, 4; u, 2); groups iii, iv, and v had 2 isol ... | 2003 | 14620871 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pilus expression in neisseria gonorrhoeae: effects of pilin subunit composition on function and organelle dynamics. | type iv pili (tfp) play central roles in the expression of many phenotypes including motility, multicellular behavior, sensitivity to bacteriophages, natural genetic transformation, and adherence. in neisseria gonorrhoeae, these properties require ancillary proteins that act in conjunction with tfp expression and influence organelle dynamics. here, the intrinsic contributions of the pilin protein itself to tfp dynamics and associated phenotypes were examined by expressing the pseudomonas aerugin ... | 2007 | 17573479 |
| molecular diversity of moraxella bovis isolated from brazil, argentina and uruguay over a period of three decades. | the molecular profile of 30 moraxella bovis strains, recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina, brazil and uruguay between 1974 and 2001, was determined through randomly applied polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. molecular profiles of nine strains recovered after 1990 varied from those recovered before 1990. the profiles of 13 strains (48%) differed from those of three vaccinal strains extensively used since 1984 in argentina and uruguay. eight argentinean str ... | 2004 | 14623151 |
| expression of type iv pili by moraxella catarrhalis is essential for natural competence and is affected by iron limitation. | type iv pili, filamentous surface appendages primarily composed of a single protein subunit termed pilin, play a crucial role in the initiation of disease by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. although previous electron microscopic studies suggested that pili might be present on the surface of moraxella catarrhalis isolates, detailed molecular and phenotypic analyses of these structures have not been reported to date. we identified and cloned the m. catarrhalis genes encoding pila, the major p ... | 2004 | 15501752 |
| expression, purification and characterization of recombinant phospholipase b from moraxella bovis with anomalous electrophoretic behavior. | moraxella bovis is the causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) also known as pinkeye, a highly contagious and painful eye disease that is common in cattle throughout the world. vaccination appears to be a reasonable and cost-effective means of control of pinkeye. identification of genes encoding novel secreted antigens have been reported, and these antigens are being assessed for use in a vaccine. one of the genes encodes phospholipase b, which can be expressed with high ... | 2007 | 17709258 |
| prevention of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with a recombinant moraxella bovis cytotoxin-iscom matrix adjuvanted vaccine. | the efficacy of a recombinant moraxella bovis cytotoxin subunit vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) was evaluated in a randomized, blinded, controlled field trial. ninety-three cross bred beef calves were vaccinated with either saline, iscom matrix (adjuvant control), or a recombinant m. bovis cytotoxin carboxy terminus peptide plus iscom matrix and boostered 21 days later. ocular examinations were performed once weekly for 20 weeks. at week 12, th ... | 2004 | 15530703 |
| molecular identification of a novel deltaproteobacterium as the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion). | epizootic bovine abortion (eba) is endemic in california's coastal range and the foothill regions of the sierra nevada, where it has been the primary diagnosed cause of abortion in beef cattle for >50 years. investigation of these losses has defined a specific fetal syndrome characterized by late-term abortion or birth of weak or dead calves. although the unusual clinical presentation and unique fetal pathology associated with eba have been recognized since the 1950s, the identity of the etiolog ... | 2005 | 15695652 |
| pseudomonas stutzeri has two closely related pila genes (type iv pilus structural protein) with opposite influences on natural genetic transformation. | pseudomonas stutzeri has type iv pili for which the pila gene (here termed pilai) provides the structural protein and which are required for dna uptake and natural genetic transformation. downstream of pilai we identified a gene, termed pilaii, coding for a deduced protein with a size similar to that of pilai with 55% amino acid sequence identity and with a typical leader peptide including a leader peptidase cleavage site. fusions to lacz revealed that pilaii is expressed only about 10% compared ... | 2001 | 11244078 |
| serologic cross-reactivity of australian moraxella bovis to vaccinal bacterin strains as determined by competitive elisa. | to conduct a serologic survey and define pili antigenic variability via the serologic cross-reactivity of moraxella bovis isolates from naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) outbreaks in australia. this project applies to the development of an m bovis pili-based vaccine targeting australian strains originating from intensive cattle producing regions. | 2008 | 18363984 |
| identification of a capsular polysaccharide from moraxella bovis. | the bacterium moraxella bovis is the causative agent of an economically important disease of cattle: infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), otherwise known as pinkeye. little is known regarding the structure of the carbohydrates produced by m. bovis. the structure of a capsular polysaccharide from m. bovis (strain mb25) has been determined using nmr and ms analysis. from these data it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of the unmodified chondroitin disaccharide repeat unit. | 2005 | 15721351 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the third eyelid in heifers. | on a dairy cattle farm, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 29 (24%) calves and heifers aged from 2 weeks to 1 year old. the highest infection rate (18%) occurred in animals aged 3-6 months. the bacteriological examination of swabs from the affected animals yielded several species of bacteria: moraxella bovis, neisseria ovis, n. cuniculi, plasma coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic streptococcus spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli. moraxell ... | 2001 | 11315524 |
| direct metagenomic detection of viral pathogens in nasal and fecal specimens using an unbiased high-throughput sequencing approach. | with the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic of 2003 and renewed attention on avian influenza viral pandemics, new surveillance systems are needed for the earlier detection of emerging infectious diseases. we applied a "next-generation" parallel sequencing platform for viral detection in nasopharyngeal and fecal samples collected during seasonal influenza virus (flu) infections and norovirus outbreaks from 2005 to 2007 in osaka, japan. random rt-pcr was performed to amplify rna extracted ... | 2009 | 19156205 |
| piv site-specific invertase requires a dedd motif analogous to the catalytic center of the ruvc holliday junction resolvases. | piv, a unique prokaryotic site-specific dna invertase, is related to transposases of the insertion elements from the is110/is492 family and shows no similarity to the site-specific recombinases of the tyrosine- or serine-recombinase families. piv tertiary structure is predicted to include the rnase h-like fold that typically encompasses the catalytic site of the recombinases or nucleases of the retroviral integrase superfamily, including transposases and ruvc-like holliday junction resolvases. a ... | 2005 | 15866929 |
| sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus stsv1: virus-host interactions and genomic features. | a virus infecting the hyperthermophilic archaeon sulfolobus tengchongensis has been isolated from a field sample from tengchong, china, and characterized. the virus, denoted stsv1 (sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1), has the morphology of a spindle (230 by 107 nm) with a tail of variable length (68 nm on average) at one end and is the largest of the known spindle-shaped viruses. after infecting its host, the virus multiplied rapidly to high titers (>10(10) pfu/ml). replication of ... | 2005 | 15994761 |
| single-residue changes in the c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop of the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pilin influence pilus assembly and twitching motility. | pila, the major pilin subunit of pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pili (t4p), is a principal structural component. pila has a conserved c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop (dsl) that has been implicated as the pilus adhesinotope. structural studies have suggested that dsl is involved in intersubunit interactions within the pilus fiber. pila mutants with single-residue substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the dsl were tested for pilin stability, pilus assembly, and t4p function. mutation of eith ... | 2009 | 19717595 |
| subspecies differentiation of moraxella bovis by restriction endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). | a total of 94 strains of moraxella bovis have been examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). these strains comprised isolates from the u.s.a., the u.k., in australia, and from a number of widely separated areas within new zealand. the strains were classified into a total of 26 different types on the basis of their brenda patterns. fourteen types were present among 34 strains from the u.s.a., eight types from 17 strains in the u.k. three types from five strains in aust ... | 1985 | 16031161 |
| cervid herpesvirus 2, the primary agent in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semidomesticated reindeer. | an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) occurred in semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in troms county, norway, in february 2009. twenty-eight animals with clinical symptoms and 12 apparently healthy animals were investigated. they ranged in age from calves of the year to 4-year-old animals (mean, 1.9 years; standard deviation, +/-0.9). the seroprevalence of antibodies against cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) was 86% in animals with ikc and 42% in unaffected animals. ... | 2009 | 19726598 |
| immunoblot analysis of cyanogen bromide-cleaved moraxella bovis pilin reveals presence of shared antigenic determinants on pili from heterologous strains. | moraxella bovis pilus proteins, collected and purified from four strains of m. bovis, were cleaved with cyanogen bromide. two major fragments were produced. antisera were produced in rabbits to the pilin protein fragments and to whole uncleaved pili from these strains. immunoblots of whole and cyanogen bromide-cleaved pilin were reacted with the homologous and heterologous antisera to whole pili and cleaved pilin. antisera to whole pili reacted strongly with homologous pilin. weaker and inconsis ... | 2001 | 11348773 |
| gene cluster for assembly of pilus colonization factor antigen iii of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | the assembly of pilus colonization factor antigen iii (cfa/iii) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) requires the processing of cfa/iii major pilin (cofa) by a prepilin peptidase (cofp), similar to other type iv pilus formation systems. cofa is produced initially as a 26.5-kda preform pilin (prepilin) and then processed to a 20.5-kda mature pilin by cofp which is predicted to be localized in the inner membrane. in the present experiment, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the whole r ... | 2001 | 11500465 |
| evidence for lateral transfer of the suilysin gene region of streptococcus suis. | suilysin is a cholesterol-binding cytolysin encoded by sly in streptococcus suis. dna sequence determination of the sly locus in a strain lacking sly revealed the presence of another gene, designated orf102, in the place of sly. no transposable element or long-repeat sequence was found in the close vicinity. except for six strains whose corresponding loci have been rearranged, all of the remaining 62 strains examined had either sly or orf102 at the same locus and their flanking regions were cons ... | 2002 | 11889115 |
| bacterial lactoferrin receptors: insights from characterizing the moraxella bovis receptors. | moraxella bovis is the causative agent of infectious conjunctivitis in cattle. moraxella bovis isolates were shown to specifically bind bovine lactoferrin (blf) and bovine transferrin (btf) and to use these proteins as a source of iron to support the growth of iron-limited cells. affinity isolation experiments with immobilized btf yielded two proteins readily resolved by sds-page analysis, whereas only a single band of approximately 100 kda was detected when immobilized blf was used as the affin ... | 2002 | 11908647 |
| unbalanced restriction impairs sos-induced dna repair effects. | the contribution of a type ii restriction-modification system (r-m system) to genome integrity and cell viability was investigated. we established experimental conditions which enabled the achievement of hemimethylated and unmethylated states for the specific bases of the recognition sequences of the host's dna. to achieve this, we constructed the mboii r-m system containing only one (i.e. m2.mboii) out of two functional mboii methyltransferases found in moraxella bovis. using the incomplete r-m ... | 2010 | 20134230 |
| haemophilus ducreyi requires the flp gene cluster for microcolony formation in vitro. | haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of chancroid, has been shown to form microcolonies when cultured in the presence of human foreskin fibroblasts. we identified a 15-gene cluster in h. ducreyi that encoded predicted protein products with significant homology to those encoded by the tad (for tight adhesion) locus in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans that is involved in the production of fimbriae by this periodontal pathogen. the first three open reading frames in this h. ducreyi gene clu ... | 2002 | 12010986 |
| whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cell-bound moraxella bovis pili. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), caused by moraxella bovis, is a disease of major importance in cattle industry. m. bovis has several virulence factors among which pili are crucial antigen for the protective capacity of vaccines against this disease. the production of vaccines against ibk therefore requires a reliable technique for cellular piliation level assessment on cells to be included as vaccine components. in this study we describe a specific whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linke ... | 2003 | 12458165 |
| nanoscale characterization and determination of adhesion forces of pseudomonas aeruginosa pili by using atomic force microscopy. | type iv pili play an important role in bacterial adhesion, motility, and biofilm formation. here we present high-resolution atomic force microscopy (afm) images of type iv pili from pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. an individual pilus ranges in length from 0.5 to 7 microm and has a diameter from 4 to 6 nm, although often, pili bundles in which the individual filaments differed in both length and diameter were seen. by attaching bacteria to afm tips, it was possible to fasten the bacteria to mica ... | 2006 | 16385026 |
| effects of moraxella (branhamella) ovis culture filtrates on bovine erythrocytes, peripheral mononuclear cells, and corneal epithelial cells. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is a highly contagious ocular disease that affects cattle of all ages and that occurs worldwide. piliated hemolytic moraxella bovis is recognized as the etiologic agent of ibk. according to data from the nebraska veterinary diagnostic laboratory system, however, moraxella (branhamella) ovis has been isolated with increasing frequency from cattle affected with ibk. the objective of this study was, therefore, to examine m. ovis field isolates for the pr ... | 2006 | 16517853 |
| regulation of type iv fimbrial biogenesis in dichelobacter nodosus. | type iv fimbriae are expressed by several bacterial pathogens and are essential for virulence in dichelobacter nodosus, which causes ovine footrot. we have identified a two-component signal transduction system (pilr/s) and an alternative sigma factor (sigma 54) that were shown by insertional inactivation to be required for the regulation of fimbrial biogenesis in d. nodosus. western blots showed that in both pilr and rpon mutants, fimbrial subunit production was significantly reduced by a proces ... | 2006 | 16788189 |
| efficacy of tulathromycin for treatment of cattle with acute ocular moraxella bovis infections. | to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single injection of tulathromycin, compared with saline (0.9% nacl) solution-treated control calves, for treatment of induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in calves. | 2006 | 16910856 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis antimicrobial therapy. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is one of the most common diseases of cattle and is of major economic importance. if the primary aetiological agent, moraxella bovis, is successfully eliminated from ocular tissues corneal ulcers heal at a constant rate. if treatment is unsuccessful ulcer reoccurrence may follow initial healing. appropriate antimicrobial selection requires knowledge of antimicrobial sensitivities and distribution in ocular tissues and tears. drugs may be delivered to ... | 2007 | 17300463 |
| evaluation of the clinical efficacy of subconjunctival injection of clindamycin in the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | to determine the clinical efficacy of subconjunctival injection of clindamycin in the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). | 2007 | 17445081 |
| identification and characterization of complete rtx operons in moraxella bovoculi and moraxella ovis. | to determine if moraxella bovoculi (m. bovoculi), a recently characterized coccoid moraxella that was isolated from the eyes of calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), and moraxella ovis (m. ovis), originally isolated from sheep with conjunctivitis, possessed genes encoding rtx proteins, genomic dna was amplified with oligonucleotide primers targeting rtx operon genes of moraxella bovis (m. bovis). complete classical rtx operons composed of rtxcabd genes closely linked ... | 2007 | 17561358 |
| efficacy of intrapalpebral and intramuscular application of oxytetracycline in a natural outbreak of infectious bovine kertoconjunctivitis (ibk) in calves. | in a herd of 70 bull calves (4-5 months of age) kept on pasture, 56 (80%) animals showed, after natural infection with moraxella bovis (m. bovis), typical clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). eyes with epiphora, photophobia, blepharospasm and/or a corneal ulcer with a diameter of less than 5 mm were considered as moderately affected. those with a corneal ulcer > 5 mm diameter and/or even more profound findings were considered as severely affected. the objective was to ... | 2007 | 17642322 |
| prevention of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with a recombinant moraxella bovis pilin-moraxella bovis cytotoxin-iscom matrix adjuvanted vaccine. | to evaluate the efficacy of a recombinant moraxella bovis pilin-m. bovis cytotoxin subunit vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk; pinkeye), a randomized, blinded, controlled field trial was conducted during summer 2005 in a northern california herd of beef cattle. one hundred and one steers were vaccinated with iscom matrix (adjuvant control), recombinant m. bovis cytotoxin carboxy terminus+iscom matrix (mbxa), or recombinant m. bovis pilin-cytotoxin ... | 2007 | 17656049 |
| animal models of bacterial keratitis. | bacterial keratitis is a disease of the cornea characterized by pain, redness, inflammation, and opacity. common causes of this disease are pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. animal models of keratitis have been used to elucidate both the bacterial factors and the host inflammatory response involved in the disease. reviewed herein are animal models of bacterial keratitis and some of the key findings in the last several decades. | 2011 | 21274270 |
| differentiation of moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. from other coccoid moraxellae by the use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis of amplified dna. | moraxella ovis was historically the only coccoid moraxella identified in cultures of ocular fluid from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) and could be morphologically and biochemically differentiated from moraxella bovis. moraxella bovoculi sp. nov. is a recently characterized moraxella isolated from ulcerated eyes of calves with ibk in northern california in 2002. like moraxella ovis, m. bovoculi sp. nov. is a gram-negative coccus/diplococcus. all 18 original isolates of m ... | 2007 | 17823397 |
| the rise and spread of a new pathogen: seroresistant moraxella catarrhalis. | the nosocomial human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is one the most important agents of human respiratory tract infections. this species is composed of two distinct lineages, one of only moderate virulence, the so-called serosensitive subpopulation, and a second, the seroresistant one, which is enriched among strains that harbor two major virulence traits: complement resistance and adherence to epithelial cells. using a suite of population genetics tools, we show that the seroresistant lineage i ... | 2007 | 17895425 |
| assessment of methodological quality and sources of variation in the magnitude of vaccine efficacy: a systematic review of studies from 1960 to 2005 reporting immunization with moraxella bovis vaccines in young cattle. | a review was conducted of all identified literature evaluating moraxella bovis vaccines efficacy in preventing pinkeye in beef calves. from 292 publications identified by the search, data on 123 unique vaccine-to-control comparisons were extracted from 38 studies published in english from 1960 to 2005. descriptive analysis was performed and an analysis of sources of variation evaluated. use of methods to control bias such as randomization and blinding were associated with decreased vaccine effic ... | 2008 | 18054816 |
| moraxella bovis pathogenicity: an update. | moraxella bovis is the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, the most important ocular disease affecting cattle worldwide. the severity of the cases varied from eyes that exhibited mild signs to severe clinical cases with profuse lacrimation, conjunctival swelling, corneal opacity, and ulceration. although the mortality is low, there is a high morbidity and important economic loss in terms of significant reduction in production. this paper examines aspects such as the pathog ... | 2008 | 18514312 |
| vaccine against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a new approach to optimize the production of highly piliated moraxella bovis cells. | pili are the principal antigens and virulence factors of moraxella bovis, the etiological agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). although it has been reported that the low efficacy of whole cell vaccines against ibk is mainly due to the difficulties in keeping the cellular piliation level of m. bovis during the growth of bacteria in stirred bioreactors, the problem has not yet been overcome because the mechanisms involved in the loss of piliation are still not fully clarified. in ... | 2008 | 18852003 |
| m1.mboii and m2.mboii type iis methyltransferases: different specificities, the same target. | methylation of a base in a specific dna sequence protects the dna from nucleolytic cleavage by restriction enzymes recognizing the same sequence. the mboii restriction-modification (r-m) system of moraxella bovis atcc 10900 consists of a restriction endonuclease gene and two methyltransferase genes. the enzymes encoded by this system recognize an asymmetrical sequence 5'-gaaga-3'/3'-cttct-5'. m1.mboii modifies the last adenine in the recognition sequence 5'-gaaga-3' to n(6)-methyladenine. a seco ... | 2009 | 19332813 |
| a mosaic activating mutation in akt1 associated with the proteus syndrome. | background the proteus syndrome is characterized by the overgrowth of skin, connective tissue, brain, and other tissues. it has been hypothesized that the syndrome is caused by somatic mosaicism for a mutation that is lethal in the nonmosaic state. methods we performed exome sequencing of dna from biopsy samples obtained from patients with the proteus syndrome and compared the resultant dna sequences with those of unaffected tissues obtained from the same patients. we confirmed and extended an o ... | 2011 | 21793738 |
| site-specific insertion of is492 in pseudoalteromonas atlantica. | reversible insertion of is492 at a site within epsg on the pseudoalteromonas atlantica chromosome controls peripheral extracellular polysaccharide production and biofilm formation by p. atlantica. high-frequency precise excision of is492 from epsg requires 5 and 7 bp of flanking dna, suggesting that is492 transposition involves a site-specific recombination mechanism. the site specificity of is492 insertion was examined in p. atlantica and shown to be specific for a 7-bp target, 5'-cttgtta-3'. c ... | 2009 | 19684137 |
| molecular aspects of moraxella catarrhalis pathogenesis. | in recent years, moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. additionally, in order to be successful in the host, m. c ... | 2009 | 19721084 |
| efficacy of different dosage levels and administration routes of tilmicosin in a natural outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye). | a total of 120 purebred hereford cattle were selected from a herd on a ranch in argentina that had a severe outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk, pinkeye) caused by moraxella bovis. the animals were separated into six treatment groups: a nonmedicated control group, a group that received oxytetracycline at 300 mg injected intrapalpebrally, and four groups that received tilmicosin (micotil, elanco animal health, indianapolis, in; one group injected intrapalpebrally at 300 mg and ... | 2002 | 19750751 |
| antibiotic sensitivity of an argentine strain collection of moraxella bovis. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 88 isolates of moraxella bovis of argentine origin was evaluated for 12 antimicrobials by broth microdilution procedures. the isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) of < or = 0.06 microg/ml to enrofloxacin; < or = 0.12 microg/ml to ceftiofur; < or = 0.25 microg/ml to ampicillin; < or = 0.5 microg/ml to florfenicol and gentamicin; < or = 1.0 microg/ml to tilmicosin, erythromycin, and oxytetracycline; < or = 4.0 microg/ml to tylosin; < or = 8.0 ... | 2000 | 19757583 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis vaccine development. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a common and highly contagious ocular disease affecting cattle worldwide. the tremendous economic losses attributable to this disease warrant continued investigation into methods of prevention. multiple virulence factors have been linked to the primary aetiologic agent, moraxella bovis. efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine have primarily focused upon the use of surface pili or cytolysin to stimulate host immunity; however, m. bovis possesses other v ... | 2005 | 16119425 |
| outbreaks of keratoconjunctivitis in a camel herd caused by a specific biovar of moraxella canis. | two tributyrin hydrolysis-negative moraxella isolates obtained in cases of keratoconjunctivitis in camelus dromedarius in the canary islands showed highest degrees of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to moraxella canis. a level of dna relatedness to the m. canis type strain of 79% confirmed the identity of the isolates as a tributyrin hydrolysis-negative biovar of m. canis. | 2010 | 20032257 |
| Complete sequencing of the bla(NDM-1)-positive IncA/C plasmid from Escherichia coli ST38 isolate suggests a possible origin from plant pathogens. | The complete sequence of the plasmid pNDM-1_Dok01 carrying New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM-1) was determined by whole genome shotgun sequencing using Escherichia coli strain NDM-1_Dok01 (multilocus sequence typing type: ST38) and the transconjugant E. coli DH10B. The plasmid is an IncA/C incompatibility type composed of 225 predicted coding sequences in 195.5 kb and partially shares a sequence with bla(CMY-2)-positive IncA/C plasmids such as E. coli AR060302 pAR060302 (166.5 kb) and Salmonell ... | 2011 | 21966500 |
| Cloning and expression of a gene with phospholipase B activity from Pseudomonas fluorescens in Escherichia coli. | A gene from Pseudomonasfluorescens BIT-18 encoding a protein with phospholipase B activity (Pf-PLB) was cloned in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The open reading frame consists of 1272bp and potentially encodes a protein of 423 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 45.8kDa. The nucleotide sequence of Pf-PLB is 45%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 33%, and 31% identical to that of Bifidobacteriumanimals, Mycobacteriumparascrofulaceum, Acidobacteriumcapsulatum, Lactobacillusjohnsonii, Moraxellabovis, and Mo ... | 2012 | 22078969 |
| outbreaks of keratoconjunctivitis in a camel herd caused by a specific biovar of moraxella canis. | two tributyrin hydrolysis-negative moraxella isolates obtained in cases of keratoconjunctivitis in camelus dromedarius in the canary islands showed highest degrees of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to moraxella canis. a level of dna relatedness to the m. canis type strain of 79% confirmed the identity of the isolates as a tributyrin hydrolysis-negative biovar of m. canis. | 2010 | 20032257 |
| algorithmic assessment of vaccine-induced selective pressure and its implications on future vaccine candidates. | posttrial assessment of a vaccine's selective pressure on infecting strains may be realized through a bioinformatic tool such as parsimony phylogenetic analysis. following a failed gonococcal pilus vaccine trial of neisseria gonorrhoeae, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of pilin dna and predicted peptide sequences from clinical isolates to assess the extent of the vaccine's effect on the type of field strains that the volunteers contracted. amplified pilin dna sequences from infected vaccine ... | 2010 | 20150957 |
| type-iv pili spectroscopic markers: applications in the quantification of piliation levels in moraxella bovis cells by a ft-ir ann-based model. | type-iv pili are cell surface organelles found in a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria. they have traditionally been detected by electron microscopy and elisa techniques. however, these methodologies are not appropriate for the rapid discrimination and quantification of piliated and nonpiliated cells in industrial or field conditions. here, the analysis of ft-ir spectra of piliated, nonpiliated and sheared moraxella bovis cells, together with purified pili suspensions spectra, allowed the id ... | 2010 | 20422659 |
| ulcerative blepharitis and conjunctivitis in adult dairy cows and association with moraxella bovoculi. | nine lactating dairy cows were evaluated because of eye lesions. examination revealed mild to severe ulceration of the lower and/or upper eyelids, mild to severe swelling surrounding affected eyes, and profuse lacrimation. lesions typically affected 1 eye, and involved the eyelid skin and conjunctiva. oxytetracycline treatment led to cure within 2 wk. | 2010 | 20592830 |
| characterization and pcr-based replicon typing of resistance plasmids in acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, especially in intensive care units, and multidrug-resistant isolates have increasingly been reported during the last decade. despite recent progress in knowledge of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in a. baumannii, little is known about the genetic factors driving isolates toward multidrug resistance. in the present study, the a. baumannii plasmids were investigated through the analysis and classification of plasmid replication systems and th ... | 2010 | 20660691 |
| phase and antigenic variation in bacteria. | phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein(s) or not, or express one of multiple antigenic forms of the protein, respectively. this form of regulation has been identified mainly, but by no means exclusively, for a wide variety of surface structures in animal pathogens and is implicated as a virulence strategy. this review provides an overview of the many bacterial proteins a ... | 2004 | 15258095 |
| insertion sequences. | insertion sequences (iss) constitute an important component of most bacterial genomes. over 500 individual iss have been described in the literature to date, and many more are being discovered in the ongoing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome-sequencing projects. the last 10 years have also seen some striking advances in our understanding of the transposition process itself. not least of these has been the development of various in vitro transposition systems for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic e ... | 1998 | 9729608 |
| acyltransferases in bacteria. | long-chain-length hydrophobic acyl residues play a vital role in a multitude of essential biological structures and processes. they build the inner hydrophobic layers of biological membranes, are converted to intracellular storage compounds, and are used to modify protein properties or function as membrane anchors, to name only a few functions. acyl thioesters are transferred by acyltransferases or transacylases to a variety of different substrates or are polymerized to lipophilic storage compou ... | 2013 | 23699259 |
| recombinant moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin-iscom matrix adjuvanted vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | a randomized, blinded, controlled field trial was conducted during summer 2006 in a northern california, usa, herd of beef cattle to evaluate the efficacy of a recombinant moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin subunit vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk; pinkeye). a convenience sample comprised of 127 steers were administered a subcutaneous dose of either adjuvant alone (iscom matrices; control group) or recombinant m. bovoculi cytotoxin carboxy terminus adj ... | 2010 | 20217228 |
| identification and differentiation of taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis by lipopolysaccharide o-antigen serology using monoclonal antibodies. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, and t. asinigenitalis were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). lipopolysaccharide profiles of 11 t. equigenitalis strains were similar, but different from the profiles of 3 t. asinigenitalis strains, and the profiles of 2 t. asinigenitalis strains were similar to each other. the serological specificities of the lpss from these 14 strains were ... | 2010 | 20357953 |
| characterization of a moraxella species that causes epistaxis in macaques. | bacteria of the genus moraxella have been isolated from a variety of mammalian hosts. in a prior survey of bacteria that colonize the rhesus macaque nasopharynx, performed at the tulane national primate research center, organisms of the moraxella genus were isolated from animals with epistaxis, or "bloody nose syndrome." they were biochemically identified as moraxella catarrhalis, and cryopreserved. another isolate was obtained from an epistatic cynomolgus macaque at the u.s. army medical resear ... | 2011 | 20667430 |
| characterization of a moraxella species that causes epistaxis in macaques. | bacteria of the genus moraxella have been isolated from a variety of mammalian hosts. in a prior survey of bacteria that colonize the rhesus macaque nasopharynx, performed at the tulane national primate research center, organisms of the moraxella genus were isolated from animals with epistaxis, or "bloody nose syndrome." they were biochemically identified as moraxella catarrhalis, and cryopreserved. another isolate was obtained from an epistatic cynomolgus macaque at the u.s. army medical resear ... | 2011 | 20667430 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a review of cases in clinical practice. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is a painful ocular disease affecting cattle worldwide. the publications documenting this condition focus on what is the accepted cause of ibk--moraxella bovis. this article draws on experience and recorded data made at the time of the initial examination and follow-up visits. laboratory culture of ocular swabs was undertaken where appropriate. diagnosis of ibk is usually based on clinical signs, environment, and history. misdiagnosis of the organisms ... | 2010 | 21056797 |
| heart disease in cattle with clinical signs of heart failure: 59 cases. | this retrospective study identified clinical signs, underlying cardiac conditions, blood findings, echocardiographic findings, and prognosis for 59 cattle with clinical signs of congestive heart failure. signalment; history; clinical signs; clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings; and treatment were determined by reviewing medical records. follow-up information was obtained by telephone conversation with owners. most patients were tachycardic (n = 50), and tachypneic (n = ... | 2010 | 21197204 |
| the rtxa toxin gene of kingella kingae: a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. | kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named rtx has been identified. the goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxa toxin gene s ... | 2011 | 21248099 |
| a study of heart diseases without clinical signs of heart failure in 47 cattle. | in this retrospective study, features of 47 cattle suffering from heart disease (hd) without clinical signs of heart failure (hf) were reviewed. the most common reasons for referral were respiratory problems (n =14), anorexia (n = 13), fever (n = 10), and lameness (n = 9). thirty-nine animals were tachypneic. in 31 cases, cardiac auscultation revealed abnormalities. the final diagnoses were bacterial endocarditis (be; n = 19), congenital heart disease (chd; n = 18), pericarditis (n = 8), cardiom ... | 2010 | 21286323 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 sequences in yaks (bos grunniens) with keratoconjunctivitis, using a highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction. | thirty-seven yaks (bos grunniens) with keratoconjunctivitis and 22 healthy yaks were used to investigate the role of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in keratoconjunctivitis in yaks. nucleic acid sequences of bohv-1 glycoproteins b and e were detected in conjunctival swabs from all yaks with keratoconjunctivitis using a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in 21 yaks, bohv-1 sequences were detected along with moraxella bovis (m. bovis) and neisseria spp. the amplified bohv-1 sequences were ident ... | 2010 | 21309468 |
| cytotoxic effects of kingella kingae outer membrane vesicles on human cells. | kingella kingae is an emerging pathogen causing osteoarticular infections in pediatric patients. electron microscopy of k. kingae clinical isolates revealed the heterogeneously-sized membranous structures blebbing from the outer membrane that were classified as outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs purified from the secreted fraction of a septic arthritis k. kingae isolate were characterized. among several major proteins, k. kingae omvs contained virulence factors rtxa toxin and pilc2 pilus adhes ... | 2011 | 21443941 |
| a novel method for the measurement of elemental selenium produced by bacterial reduction of selenite. | the measurement of elemental selenium (se(0)) is needed to assess the rate and magnitude of bacteria reduction of selenite or selenate. we have developed a spectrophotometric method for the measurement se(0) that is rapid and can be employed to measure the quantity of se(0) produced by bacterial cultures. this method employs the use of 1m na(2)s to convert the insoluble elemental selenium to a red-brown solution and with this method there is a direct correlation between concentration of elementa ... | 2011 | 21536079 |
| whole genome analysis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in angus cattle using bayesian threshold models. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), also known as pinkeye, is characterized by damage to the cornea and is an economically important, lowly heritable, categorical disease trait in beef cattle. scores of eye damage were collected at weaning on 858 angus cattle. snp genotypes for each animal were obtained from bovinesnp50 infinium-beadchips. simultaneous associations of all snp with ibk phenotype were determined using bayes-c that treats snp effects as random with equal variance for an a ... | 2011 | 21645302 |
| evaluation of anti-moraxella bovis pili immunoglobulin-a in tears following intranasal vaccination of cattle. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is a highly contagious ocular disease of cattle caused by moraxella bovis (mb). parenterally administered immunogens used to prevent the disease do not offer complete protection possibly because they stimulate a poor ocular mucosal secretory response, in which locally secreted immunoglobulin-a (siga) is one of the main components. the principal aim of this study was to evaluate by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the local ocular ... | 2011 | 21664636 |