| [toxicity of the combination of salinomycin and tiamulin in swine]. | the toxicity of the combination of salinomycin (sal.) and tiamulin (tia.) was investigated in dependence upon dosage and feeding method. in addition the efficacy of a safe dose for prophylactic treatment of dysentery was controlled. following feed medications were tested for toxic effects in pigs: a) 3 mg sal. + 5 mg tia./kg bw, b) 3 mg sal. + 3 mg tia./kg bw, c) 3 mg sal. + 1 mg tia./kg bw, d) 3 mg sal./kg bw, e) 10 mg tia./kg bw, f) 30 mg tia./kg bw. the daily dose was given for 2 weeks by res ... | 1997 | 9410734 |
| diacylglycerol kinase is involved in regulation of expression of the lantibiotic mutacin ii of streptococcus mutans. | genetic characterization of a tn916 transposon mutant, streptococcus mutans t8-1, defective in mutacin ii production, revealed that the transposon was inserted into the 3' region of a diacylglycerol kinase (dgk) gene. the insertion occurred in the same region as described for another s. mutans mutant, gs5tn1, which was altered in its ability to respond to environmental stress (y. yamashita, t. takehara, and h. k. kuramitsu, j. bacteriol. 175:6220-6228, 1993). quantitative primer extension from t ... | 1998 | 9422608 |
| identification of a linked set of genes in serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204) predicted to encode closely related 39-kilodalton extracytoplasmic proteins. | a tandem pair of nearly identical genes from serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204) were cloned and sequenced. the full open reading frame of one gene and the partial open reading frame of the neighboring gene appear to encode secreted proteins which are homologous to, yet distinct from, the 39-kda extracytoplasmic protein purified from the membrane fraction of s. hyodysenteriae. we have designated these newly identified genes vspa and vspb (for variable surface protein). | 1998 | 9440540 |
| identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from serpulina innocens isolate b256. | comparative analyses of a group of 16 weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes isolated from feces and mucosal scrapings of intestines of swine in the midwestern united states, and eastern canada revealed the existence of a phenotypically and genotypically related group of 7 isolates. although isolates in this group differed from all known reference isolates of intestinal spirochetes of swine, partial similarity was detected with s. joneseae isolate 16, a newly identified weakly beta-hemolytic intestin ... | 1993 | 8296452 |
| variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia. | the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ... | 1998 | 9495748 |
| typhlitis caused by intestinal serpulina-like bacteria in domestic guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). | between january 1992 and december 1996, serpulina-like bacteria were demonstrated in intestinal tract lesions from 37 of 88 guinea pigs submitted to the university of ghent in ghent, belgium, for necropsy because of disease and death from different unknown causes. all infected animals had a history of sudden death with minimal introductory clinical signs. occasionally, they produced yellow, slimy feces or showed nervous signs, but the condition always had a fatal outcome within 24 h. when larger ... | 1998 | 9508297 |
| human intestinal spirochetes are distinct from serpulina hyodysenteriae. | twenty-nine intestinal spirochetes isolated from australian aboriginal children and six strains from italian adults (hrm1, -2, -4, -5, -7, and -14) were genetically examined at 15 enzyme loci by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. results were compared with those previously obtained for 188 porcine intestinal spirochetes. dna from human strain hrm7 and porcine strain serpulina hyodysenteriae p18a were also radioactively labeled and hybridized with dna from 12 other human and porcine intesti ... | 1993 | 8417025 |
| identification of a novel group of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates by using a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody to serpulina hyodysenteriae 8930 was produced and was used to probe pronase-treated cell lysates of s. hyodysenteriae isolates in immunblots. the results showed that the monoclonal antibody was specific for only five closely related s. hyodysenteriae isolates: 8930, 5380, 70a, rmit 88, and rmit 97. | 1993 | 8501237 |
| development and evaluation of polymerase chain reaction tests as an aid to diagnosis of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests were established for detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, and s. pilosicoli, the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis. both reactions were specific when tested with dna from 107 strains of various intestinal spirochaetes. for diagnostic use, faeces were plated to selective medium, and diatomaceous earth extraction used to obtain dna prior to pcr. this procedure detected 10(3)-10(4) cells of either organism seeded into 0.2 g of f ... | 1998 | 9569695 |
| characterization of the roles of hemolysin and other toxins in enteropathy caused by alpha-hemolytic escherichia coli linked to human diarrhea. | escherichia coli strains producing alpha-hemolysin have been associated with diarrhea in several studies, but it has not been clearly demonstrated that these strains are enteropathogens or that alpha-hemolysin is an enteric virulence factor. such strains are generally regarded as avirulent commensals. we examined a collection of diarrhea-associated hemolytic e. coli (dhec) strains for virulence factors. no strain produced classic enterotoxins, but they all produced an alpha-hemolysin that was in ... | 1998 | 9573087 |
| structure and expression of the flaa periplasmic flagellar protein of borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochete which causes lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, has many features common to other spirochete species. outermost is a membrane sheath, and within this sheath are the cell cylinder and periplasmic flagella (pfs). the pfs are subterminally attached to the cell cylinder and overlap in the center of the cell. most descriptions of the b. burgdorferi flagellar filaments indicate that these organelles consist of only one flagellin protein (flab). in contrast, the pfs from other spirochet ... | 1998 | 9573194 |
| chemotaxis of pathogenic vibrio strains towards mucus surfaces of gilt-head sea bream (sparus aurata l.). | vibrio anguillarum and vibrio alginolyticus exhibited significant adhesion to and chemotactic abilities towards mucus collected from the skin, gills, and intestine of gilt-head sea bream. quadratic polynomial models for chemotaxis designed to estimate the influence of temperature demonstrated a differential bacterial chemotaxis depending of the source of the mucus, with the chemotaxis towards intestinal mucus being the least influenced. | 1998 | 9575135 |
| characterization of a haemolysin from mycobacterium tuberculosis with homology to a virulence factor of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | scrutiny of sequence data from the mycobacterium leprae genome sequencing project identified the presence of a gene encoding a 268-amino-acid polypeptide which is highly similar to a pore-forming haemolysin/cytotoxin virulence determinant, tlya, from the swine pathogen serpulina hyodysenteriae. using degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the tlya sequences, the mycobacterium tuberculosis homologue was amplified and this product was used to obtain the clone and sequence a 2.5 kb fragment co ... | 1998 | 9611795 |
| evaluation of day-old specific pathogen-free chicks as an experimental model for pathogenicity testing of intestinal spirochaete species. | specific pathogen-free chicks aged 1 day were challenged per os with strains of five different species of intestinal spirochaete originally isolated from pigs or human beings. a virulent strain of serpulina hyodysenteriae (wa 15) colonized chicks, causing retarded growth rate and histological changes, including caecal atrophy, epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia, and crypt elongation. a further strain of s. hyodysenteriae (sa3), which was apparently avirulent for pigs, and a strain of serpuli ... | 1998 | 9651813 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes, salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli from swine herds with and without diarrhoea among growing pigs. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was optimized to detect lawsonia intracellularis in faeces from naturally infected pigs. by combining a boiling procedure to extract dna and a nested pcr procedure, a detection limit at 2 x 10(2) bacterial cells per gram of faeces was achieved. the optimized pcr was used together with conventional culture techniques to detect serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes (wbhis), salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli, in ... | 1998 | 9659692 |
| canine intestinal spirochetes consist of serpulina pilosicoli and a newly identified group provisionally designated "serpulina canis" sp. nov. | the spirochetes inhabiting the large intestines of humans and animals consist of a diverse group of related organisms. intestinal spirochetosis caused by serpulina pilosicoli is a newly recognized enteric disease of human beings and animals with potential public health significance. the purpose of this study was to determine the species identity of canine intestinal spirochetes by comparing 30 isolates obtained from dogs in australia (n = 25) and the united states (n = 5) with reference strains ... | 1998 | 9666003 |
| detection of extrachromosomal dna in italian isolates of weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes. | weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his) isolated in italy showed an extrachromosomal band migrating at 4.3 kb after agarose gel electrophoresis of total dna. the band was observed within 4 strains (hrm2, hrm4, hrm7 and hrm14) among the 7 w beta his analysed and was resistant to proteinase k and rnase treatment, whereas after purification it was completely digested by incubation with dnasei. the origin, the structure and the significance of this extrachromosomal dna are ... | 1998 | 9699203 |
| serpulina alvinipulli sp. nov., a new serpulina species that is enteropathogenic for chickens. | strain c1t is an anaerobic spirochaete that causes intestinal disease in chickens. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and 16s rrna sequence comparisons have indicated that this spirochaete is a serpulina strain. in these investigations, various phenotypic and genomic properties useful for establishing a taxonomic identity for strain c1t were studied. as determined by electron microscopy, cells of the spirochaete measured 8-11 x 0.22-0.34 mum and had a typical spirochaete ultrastructure. ... | 1998 | 9734021 |
| changes in bacterial populations in the colon of pigs fed different sources of dietary fibre, and the development of swine dysentery after experimental infection. | swine dysentery (sd) is a disease which can be controlled by feeding a diet low in dietary fibre. the influence of source and inclusion level of dietary fibre both on bacterial populations in the colon, and on subsequent development of sd in pigs experimentally infected with serpulina hyodysenteriae was evaluated. in experiment 1, pigs were fed a low-fibre diet based on cooked rice and a animal protein supplement, or the same diet containing added insoluble (insp, fed as oaten chaff) or soluble ... | 1998 | 9750287 |
| induction of swine dysentery in swine by the intravenous injection of filtered treponema hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery was induced in 18 swine exposed by intravenous injection of a filtrate which contained treponema hyodysenteriae and was obtained from macerated colonic scrapings of swine dysentery. however, swine dysentery did not develop in swine injected intravenously with a pure culture of t. hyodysenteriae or when combined with a colonic filtrate from normal swine. diarrheal feces from the swine injected intravenously with the filtered t. hyodysenteriae contained more mucus, and fecal smears ... | 1981 | 7337868 |
| [serpulina hyodysenteriae infections in swine]. | | 1998 | 9764463 |
| confirmation of the role of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in the expression of swine dysentery in pigs after experimental infection. | two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that soluble non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) and resistant starch (rs) cause swine dysentery (sd) in pigs experimentally infected with the spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. in experiment 1, a source of soluble nsp (guar gum; gg), insoluble nsp (oat chaff; oc), resistant starch (retrograde cornstarch; rs) or a combination of gg and rs (gg + rs) was added to a diet containing cooked white rice (r), soybean meal (sbm) and animal protein (mea ... | 1998 | 9772144 |
| specific detection of the genus serpulina, s. hyodysenteriae and s. pilosicoliin porcine intestines by fluorescent rrna in situ hybridization. | a fluorescent-labelledin situ hybridization method targeting rrna was devised to facilitate specific identification and diagnosis of diarrhoea and colitis in pigs caused by the genus serpulina, as well as to distinguish the species serpulina hyodysenteriae and serpulina pilosicoli in formalin-fixed colon tissue sections. a genus-specific oligonucleotide probe ser1410 targeting the five species of porcine serpulina was thus designed. furthermore, species specific oligonucleotide probes (hyo1210, ... | 1998 | 9778458 |
| phenotypical characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from pigs. | a combined evaluation of the phenotypical properties of five serpulina type or reference strains and 163 swedish isolates of spirochaetes from pigs and two from birds was made. the porcine isolates were collected from herds with a history of dysentery or severe diarrhoea and from herds chosen at random. on the basis of beta-haemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activity, the isolates could be divided into four main gr ... | 1995 | 8525077 |
| the virulence plasmid of yersinia, an antihost genome. | the 70-kb virulence plasmid enables yersinia spp. (yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. it encodes the yop virulon, an integrated system allowing extracellular bacteria to disarm the cells involved in the immune response, to disrupt their communications, or even to induce their apoptosis by the injection of bacterial effector proteins. this system consists of the yop proteins and their dedicated type iii sec ... | 1998 | 9841674 |
| search for bacteriophages spontaneously occurring in cultures of haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes of human and animal origin. | an electron microscopic survey of the occurrence of bacteriophages which appear spontaneously in cultures of haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes of human and animal origin was made. excluding one isometric tailed phage particle which was observed in the form of free particle in proximity to a spirochaete of the w beta his strain hrm18, bacteriophages were never observed while examining cells of 21 weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his), swine serpulina pilosicoli strain ... | 1998 | 9871329 |
| bacteriophages induced from weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes by mitomycin c. | a comparative electron microscopic analysis of weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaetes related to human and animal intestinal spirochaetosis was done in order to search for the presence of inducible bacteriophages associated with these spirochaetes. bacteriophages were detected at the electron microscope after experimental induction with mitomycin c in 4 strains of weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaetes related to human intestinal spirochaetosis, in serpulina pilosicoli strain p43/6/78, the causative a ... | 1998 | 9871330 |
| serpulina pilosicoli sp. nov., the agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis. | phenotypic and genetic traits of porcine intestinal spirochete strain p43/6/78t (= atcc 51139t) (t = type strain), which is pathogenic and weakly beta-hemolytic, were determined in order to confirm the taxonomic position of this organism and its relationships to previously described species of intestinal spirochetes. in bhis broth, p43/6/78t cells had a doubling time of 1 to 2 h and grew to a maximum cell density of 2 x 10(9) cells per ml at 37 to 42 degrees c. they hydrolyzed hippurate, utilize ... | 1996 | 8573497 |
| the borrelia burgdorferi 37-kilodalton immunoblot band (p37) used in serodiagnosis of early lyme disease is the flaa gene product. | the 37-kda protein (p37) of borrelia burgdorferi is an antigen that elicits an early immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody response in lyme disease patients. the p37 gene was cloned from a b. burgdorferi genomic library by screening with antibody from a lyme disease patient who had developed a prominent humoral response to the p37 antigen. dna sequence analysis of this clone revealed the identity of p37 to be flaa, an outer sheath protein of the periplasmic flagella. recombinant p37 expression was acc ... | 1999 | 9986810 |
| esterases in serum-containing growth media counteract chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in vitro. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi was unexpectedly found to be as susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol, the product of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as it was to chloramphenicol itself. the susceptibilities of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, as well as that of b. burgdorferi, to diacetyl chloramphenicol were then assayed in different media. all three species were susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol when growth media were supplemented with rabbit serum or, to a le ... | 1999 | 10049283 |
| disruption and analysis of the clpb, clpc, and clpe genes in lactococcus lactis: clpe, a new clp family in gram-positive bacteria. | in the genome of the gram-positive bacterium lactococcus lactis mg1363, we have identified three genes (clpc, clpe, and clpb) which encode clp proteins containing two conserved atp binding domains. the proteins encoded by two of the genes belong to the previously described clpb and clpc families. the clpe gene, however, encodes a member of a new clp protein family that is characterized by a short n-terminal domain including a putative zinc binding domain (-cx2cx22cx2c-). expression of the 83-kda ... | 1999 | 10094684 |
| genetic basis of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. | macrolide antibiotic resistance is widespread among brachyspira hyodysenteriae (formerly serpulina hyodysenteriae) isolates. the genetic basis of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in b. hyodysenteriae was elucidated. resistance to tylosin, erythromycin and clindamycin in b. hyodysenteriae was associated with an a-->t transversion mutation in the nucleotide position homologous with position 2058 of the escherichia coli 23s rrna gene. the nucleotide sequences of the peptidyl transferase region ... | 1999 | 10188254 |
| transduction-like gene transfer in the methanogen methanococcus voltae. | strain ps of methanococcus voltae (a methanogenic, anaerobic archaebacterium) was shown to generate spontaneously 4.4-kbp chromosomal dna fragments that are fully protected from dnase and that, upon contact with a cell, transform it genetically. this activity, here called vta (voltae transfer agent), affects all markers tested: three different auxotrophies (histidine, purine, and cobalamin) and resistance to bes (2-bromoethanesulfonate, an inhibitor of methanogenesis). vta was most effectively p ... | 1999 | 10321998 |
| pigs experimentally infected with serpulina hyodysenteriae can be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet. | weaner pigs (n = 72) were fed 1 of 4 diets. these were based on either cooked rice and animal protein, cooked rice and lupin, wheat and lupin, or wheat and animal protein. twenty-six of the pigs were slaughtered after 1 month. those fed the highly digestible cooked rice and animal protein diet had drier colonic contents and faeces, lighter large intestines, and the contents of their large intestines had increased ph values and decreased total vfa concentrations. the other 46 were orally challeng ... | 1996 | 8620913 |
| environmental modulation of oral treponeme virulence in a murine model. | this investigation examined the effects of environmental alteration on the virulence of the oral treponemes treponema denticola and treponema pectinovorum. the environmental effects were assessed by using a model of localized inflammatory abscesses in mice. in vitro growth of t. denticola and t. pectinovorum as a function of modification of the cysteine concentration significantly enhanced abscess formation and size. in contrast, growth of t. denticola or t. pectinovorum under iron-limiting cond ... | 1999 | 10338481 |
| stability of erp loci during borrelia burgdorferi infection: recombination is not required for chronic infection of immunocompetent mice. | borrelia burgdorferi can persistently infect mammals despite their production of antibodies directed against bacterial proteins, including the erp lipoproteins. we sequenced erp loci of bacteria reisolated from laboratory mice after 1 year of infection and found them to be identical to those of the inoculant bacteria. we conclude that recombination of erp genes is not essential for chronic mammalian infection. | 1999 | 10338534 |
| elements involved in catabolite repression and substrate induction of the lactose operon in lactobacillus casei. | in lactobacillus casei atcc 393, the chromosomally encoded lactose operon, lactegf, encodes an antiterminator protein (lact), lactose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) elements (lace and lacf), and a phospho-beta-galactosidase. lact, lace, and lacf mutant strains were constructed by double crossover. the lact strain displayed constitutive termination at a ribonucleic antiterminator (rat) site, whereas lace and lacf mutants showed an inducer-independent antite ... | 1999 | 10383959 |
| the chemotactic response of vibrio anguillarum to fish intestinal mucus is mediated by a combination of multiple mucus components. | chemotactic motility has previously been shown to be essential for the virulence of vibrio anguillarum in waterborne infections of fish. to investigate the mechanisms by which chemotaxis may function during infection, mucus was isolated from the intestinal and skin epithelial surfaces of rainbow trout. chemotaxis assays revealed that v. anguillarum swims towards both types of mucus, with a higher chemotactic response being observed for intestinal mucus. work was performed to examine the basis, i ... | 1999 | 10400589 |
| metabolism and genetics of helicobacter pylori: the genome era. | the publication of the complete sequence of helicobacter pylori 26695 in 1997 and more recently that of strain j99 has provided new insight into the biology of this organism. in this review, we attempt to analyze and interpret the information provided by sequence annotations and to compare these data with those provided by experimental analyses. after a brief description of the general features of the genomes of the two sequenced strains, the principal metabolic pathways are analyzed. in particu ... | 1999 | 10477311 |
| dual flaa1 flab1 mutant of serpulina hyodysenteriae expressing periplasmic flagella is severely attenuated in a murine model of swine dysentery. | the motility imparted by the periplasmic flagella (pf) of serpulina hyodysenteriae is thought to play a pivotal role in the enteropathogenicity of this spirochete. the complex pf are composed of multiple class a and class b polypeptides. isogenic strains containing specifically disrupted flaal or flab1 alleles remain capable of expressing pf, although such mutants display aberrant motility in vitro. to further examine the role that these proteins play in the maintenance of periplasmic flagellar ... | 1996 | 8926083 |
| distribution of the smpa gene from serpulina hyodysenteriae among intestinal spirochaetes. | forty intestinal spirochaete strains were investigated for nucleotide sequences related to the smpa locus from serpulina hyodysenteriae by southern hybridization of chromosomal dna using the smpa locus from s. hyodysenteriae strain p18a as a probe and by pcr using primers internal to the smpa gene. the intensity of the hybridization signal at high stringency and positive pcr results suggested that 12 s. hyodysenteriae strains possessed a similar nucleotide sequence. pcr was negative for another ... | 1995 | 7496514 |
| evaluation of different serological tests for detection of antibodies against serpulina hyodysenteriae in pig sera. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by s. hyodysenteriae. the detection of asymptomatic carriers in herds is possible by serological tests. however, cross-reactions between s. hyodysenteriae and s. innocens pose a major problem in serological diagnosis. several serological tests were evaluated for detection of antibodies to s. hyodysenteriae such as: indirect hemagglutination, passive hemolysis, conglutination and microagglutination tests. among the tests used, only the ... | 1995 | 7554822 |
| characterization of human mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin-reactive cd8+ t cells. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-secreting cd4+ t cells have long been established as an essential component of the protective immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis. it is now becoming evident from studies with the murine model of tuberculosis that an important role also exists for major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cd8+ t cells. these cells are capable of acting as both ifn-gamma secretors and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) effectors; however, their exact role in i ... | 1999 | 10496899 |
| sequence characterization of two new members of a multi-gene family in serpulina hyodysenteriae (b204) with homology to a 39 kda surface exposed protein: vspc and d. | previous cloning and sequencing of clones from a genomic library constructed from serpulina hyodysenteriae b204 had identified a tandem pair of open reading frames, identified as vspa and vspb (variable surface protein) expected to encode proteins with homology to ( but not identical with) a 39 kda surface exposed membrane protein from this animal pathogen. additional screening of the genomic library was performed to retrieve the remainder of the vspb gene using new oligonucleotide probes based ... | 1999 | 10510046 |
| genetic and structural analyses of cytoplasmic filaments of wild-type treponema phagedenis and a flagellar filament-deficient mutant. | unique cytoplasmic filaments are found in the treponeme genus of spirochete bacteria. their function is unknown, but their location underneath the periplasmic flagellar filaments (pff) suggests a role in motility and/or cell structure. to better understand these unique structures, the gene coding for the cytoplasmic filaments, cfpa, was identified in various treponemal species. treponema phagedenis cfpa was 2,037 nucleotides long, and the encoded polypeptide showed 78 to 100% amino acid sequence ... | 1999 | 10542176 |
| isolation, oxygen sensitivity, and virulence of nadh oxidase mutants of the anaerobic spirochete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, etiologic agent of swine dysentery. | brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, uses the enzyme nadh oxidase to consume oxygen. to investigate possible roles for nadh oxidase in the growth and virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient in oxidase activity were isolated and characterized. the cloned nadh oxidase gene (nox; genbank accession no. u19610) on plasmid per218 was inactivated by replacing 321 bp of coding sequence with either a gene for chloramphenicol resistance ( ... | 1999 | 10543819 |
| growth of serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae under iron-restricted conditions. | reference strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae expressed at least three iron-regulated proteins with apparent molecular masses of > 200, 134, and 109 kda when grown under iron-restricted conditions. cells of s. hyodysenteriae grown under these conditions also showed increased outer membrane bleb formation when examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. s. hyodysenteriae did not use the 2 most common types of siderophore, namely catechol and hydroxamate. western blotting with serum f ... | 1995 | 7648528 |
| characterization of a periplasmic atp-binding cassette iron import system of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. | the nucleotide sequence of the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae bit (for "brachyspira iron transport") genomic region has been determined. the bit region is likely to encode an iron atp-binding cassette transport system with some homology to those encountered in gram-negative bacteria. six open reading frames oriented in the same direction and physically linked have been identified. this system possesses a protein containing atp-binding motifs (bitd), two hydrophobic cytoplasmic ... | 1999 | 10559160 |
| molecular evidence for a new bacteriophage of borrelia burgdorferi. | we have recovered a dnase-protected, chloroform-resistant molecule of dna from the cell-free supernatant of a borrelia burgdorferi culture. the dna is a 32-kb double-stranded linear molecule that is derived from the 32-kb circular plasmids (cp32s) of the b. burgdorferi genome. electron microscopy of samples from which the 32-kb dna molecule was purified revealed bacteriophage particles. the bacteriophage has a polyhedral head with a diameter of 55 nm and appears to have a simple 100-nm-long tail ... | 1999 | 10572135 |
| prophylactic effect of dietary zinc in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. | reduced prevalence of diarrhea and mortality has been reported after dietary supplementation with zinc compounds in swine with naturally acquired colibacillosis and those challenge-exposed with serpulina hyodysenteriae; however, the usefulness of this approach for control of enteric diseases of swine remains to be determined. to examine the effect of dietary zinc-containing compounds on the colonization and development of cecal lesions associated with s hyodysenteriae infection, a defined diet a ... | 1995 | 7771701 |
| phenotypic switching in candida glabrata involves phase-specific regulation of the metallothionein gene mt-ii and the newly discovered hemolysin gene hlp. | although candida glabrata has emerged in recent years as a major fungal pathogen, there have been no reports demonstrating that it undergoes either the bud-hypha transition or high-frequency phenotypic switching, two developmental programs believed to contribute to the pathogenic success of other candida species. here it is demonstrated that c. glabrata undergoes reversible, high-frequency phenotypic switching between a white (wh), light brown (lb), and dark brown (db) colony phenotype discrimin ... | 2000 | 10639459 |
| native plasmids of fusobacterium nucleatum: characterization and use in development of genetic systems. | three native plasmids of fusobacterium nucleatum were characterized, including dna sequence analysis of one plasmid, pfn1. a shuttle plasmid, phs17, capable of transforming escherichia coli and f. nucleatum atcc 10953 was constructed with pfn1. phs17 was stably maintained in the f. nucleatum transformants, and differences in the transformation efficiencies suggested the presence of a restriction-modification system in f. nucleatum. | 2000 | 10648549 |
| comparative pathology of bacterial enteric diseases of swine. | enteric bacterial infections are among the most common and economically significant diseases affecting swine production worldwide. clinical signs of these infections include diarrhea, reduced growth rate, weight loss, and death of preweaned, weanling, grower-finisher, young and adult age breeding animals. the most common etiological agents include escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella enterica, and brachyspira (serpulina) spp. with the exception of brach ... | 1999 | 10659346 |
| identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens. | two intestinal spirochete isolates obtained from chickens with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, rrna gene restriction pattern analysis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. one isolate (strain 91-1207/c1) was pathogenicity tested in vivo in chickens. the chicken spirochetes were morphologically indistinguishable from serpulina innocens and serpulina hyodysenteriae and phenotypically similar to s. innocens. however, the chicken spirochetes could be distinguished ... | 1995 | 7822007 |
| efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs. | seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-free pigs were weaned at 12 days of age and randomly assigned to seven groups of 10 to 11 pigs each. pigs in group 1 served as unchallenged controls. pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence prrsv isolate vr-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age). seven days after prrsv challenge, pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenge ... | 2000 | 10699012 |
| the leptospiral major outer membrane protein lipl32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection. | we report the cloning of the gene encoding the 32-kda lipoprotein, designated lipl32, the most prominent protein in the leptospiral protein profile. we obtained the n-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal v8 proteolytic-digest fragment to design an oligonucleotide probe. a lambda-zap ii library containing ecori fragments of leptospira kirschneri dna was screened, and a 5.0-kb dna fragment which contained the entire structural lipl32 gene was identified. several lines of evidence indic ... | 2000 | 10722630 |
| comparison of serpulina hyodysenteriae b78, the type strain of the species, with other s. hyodysenteriae strains using enteropathogenicity studies and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the enteropathogenicity of serpulina hyodysenteriae b78, the type strain of the species, was compared with s. hyodysenteriae b204, a known pathogenic strain, in 7 week-old pigs. clinical signs of swine dysentery were observed in 11/18 pigs (61.1%) inoculated with s. hyodysenteriae strain b204. however, in pigs inoculated with s. hyodysenteriae b78, only 1/21 (4.8%) of the pigs became infected. the 21 pigs inoculated with strain b78 included four pigs which received 5-fold higher numbers of s. hy ... | 1993 | 7903832 |
| evaluation of microagglutination test for differentiation between serpulina (treponema) hyodysenteriae and s. innocens and serotyping of s. hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease caused by the anaerobic spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae. at present, the serotyping is done by immunodiffusion testing with lipopolysaccharide (lps) extract as antigen and rabbit hyperimmune sera produced against different serotypes of s. hyodysenteriae. since the preparation of lps is time-consuming and requires a large quantity of bacteria, it is desirable to use a serotyping method which does not require the extraction of lps. in the ... | 1994 | 7989552 |
| detectability and prevalence of brachyspira species in herds rearing health class feeder pigs in finland. | faeces samples were taken three times at two-week intervals, from the farrowing units of four herds of known brachyspira (formerly serpulina) status and one of unknown brachyspira status. brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira intermedia and brachyspira group iii were isolated from the faecal samples from the weaners in the herds using either a maximum of 50 ppm of olaquindox or no feed additives. the detection rates were relatively consistent. however, b hyodysenteriae ... | 2000 | 10777042 |
| reduced virulence of serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin-negative mutants in pigs and their potential to protect pigs against challenge with a virulent strain. | the role of the serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin encoded by the tlya gene in the pathogenesis of swine dysentery (sd) was studied. tlya mutants of two s. hyodysenteriae strains (b204 and c5) were tested for virulence in pigs. none of the animals developed sd. however, after infection with wild-type strain b204 or c5, the incidence of sd was 100 or 60%, respectively. thus, the tlya-encoded hemolysin of s. hyodysenteriae is an important virulence factor in sd. the potential of these mutants to p ... | 1994 | 8188345 |
| spirochaetal lipoproteins and pathogenesis. | | 2000 | 10878114 |
| identification of porcine intestinal spirochetes by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal dna encoding 23s rrna. | the brachyspira (formerly serpulina) species rrl gene encoding 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) was used as a target for amplification of a 517bp dna fragment by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the primers for pcr amplification had sequences that were conserved among brachyspira 23s rrna gene and were designed from nucleotide sequences of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens and brachyspira pilosicoli available from the genbank database. digestion of pcr-generated prod ... | 2000 | 10889409 |
| cloning and dna sequence analysis of an immunogenic glucose-galactose mglb lipoprotein homologue from brachyspira pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis. | colonic spirochetosis (cs) is a newly emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli. the purpose of this study was to characterize an antigen that was recognized by antibodies present in sera of challenge-exposed pigs. the gene encoding the antigen was identified by screening a plasmid library of human b. pilosicoli strain sp16 (atcc 49776) genomic dna with hyperimmune and convalescent swine sera. the predicted a ... | 2000 | 10899855 |
| changes in bacterial community structure in the colon of pigs fed different experimental diets and after infection with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | bacterial communities in the large intestines of pigs were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis targeting the 16s ribosomal dna. the pigs were fed different experimental diets based on either modified standard feed or cooked rice supplemented with dietary fibers. after feeding of the animals with the experimental diets for 2 weeks, differences in the bacterial community structure in the spiral colon were detected in the form of different profiles of ... | 2000 | 10919783 |
| isolation and characterization of the outer membrane of borrelia hermsii. | the outer membrane of borrelia hermsii has been shown by freeze-fracture analysis to contain a low density of membrane-spanning outer membrane proteins which have not yet been isolated or identified. in this study, we report the purification of outer membrane vesicles (omv) from b. hermsii hs-1 and the subsequent identification of their constituent outer membrane proteins. the b. hermsii outer membranes were released by vigorous vortexing of whole organisms in low-ph, hypotonic citrate buffer an ... | 1998 | 9488399 |
| morphologic and temporal characterisation of lesions in an enhanced murine model of serpulina hyodysenteriae infection. | this laboratory has previously reported a murine model of serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in which mice fed a defined diet, teklad 85420 (td), developed caecal lesions more consistently than mice fed a conventional rodent chow (crc). the objectives of the current studies were to characterise and compare the time of onset of lesions, the morphological nature and severity of lesions and the extent of colonisation by s. hyodysenteriae in mice fed the two diets. in the first of two experiments, 5 ... | 1998 | 9511833 |
| prevalence of intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli, pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) and salmonella enterica in danish finishing pig herds. a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50kg. furthermore, 10 pooled pen sample ... | 2000 | 10960714 |
| identification of the gene encoding bmpb, a 30 kda outer envelope lipoprotein of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, and immunogenicity of recombinant bmpb in mice and pigs. | a gene encoding a 30kda outer envelope protein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli strain xlolr. five phagemids containing dna inserts encoding the protein were established and one clone (psha) was sequenced. an 816bp hypothetical open reading frame (orf) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site (aggag), and putative -10 (tataat) and -35 (ttgaaa) promoter regions upstream from the atg start of the orf. a ... | 2000 | 10973699 |
| investigations into field cases of porcine colitis with particular reference to infection with serpulina pilosicoli. | investigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 85 pig units in the united kingdom between 1992 and 1996. serpulina pilosicoli was identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent on 21 (25 per cent) of the units but forming part of mixed infections on another 23 (27 per cent) of the units, the main co-infections being yersinia pseudotuberculosis (eight units), proliferative enteropathy (six units), salmonella species (four units) or ser ... | 1998 | 9549864 |
| borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions. | bacterial shape usually is dictated by the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. in this paper, we show that the morphology of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the result of a complex interaction between the cell cylinder and the internal periplasmic flagella. b. burgdorferi has a bundle of 7-11 helically shaped periplasmic flagella attached at each end of the cell cylinder and has a flat-wave cell morphology. backward moving, propagating waves enable these bacteria to swim in ... | 2000 | 10995478 |
| the le1 bacteriophage replicates as a plasmid within leptospira biflexa: construction of an l. biflexa-escherichia coli shuttle vector. | we have discovered that le1, one of the plaque-forming phages previously described as lytic for the leptospira biflexa saprophytic spirochete (i. saint girons, d. margarita, p. amouriaux, and g. baranton, res. microbiol. 141:1131-1138, 1990), was indeed temperate. le1 was found to be unusual, as southern blot analysis indicated that it is one of the few phages to replicate in the prophage state as a circular plasmid. the unavailability of such small endogenous replicons has hindered genetic expe ... | 2000 | 11004167 |
| brachyspira aalborgi infection diagnosed by culture and 16s ribosomal dna sequencing using human colonic biopsy specimens. | in this study we report on the isolation and characterization of the intestinal spirochete brachyspira aalborgi using human mucosal biopsy specimens taken from the colon of a young adult male with intestinal spirochetosis. a selective medium, containing 400 microg of spectinomycin/ml and 5 microg of polymyxin/ml was used for the isolation procedure. a high degree of similarity, in terms of phenotypic properties and 16s ribosomal dna sequence, was observed between the isolated strain, named w1, a ... | 2000 | 11015363 |
| discovery, purification, and characterization of a temperate transducing bacteriophage for bordetella avium. | we discovered and characterized a temperate transducing bacteriophage (ba1) for the avian respiratory pathogen bordetella avium. ba1 was initially identified along with one other phage (ba2) following screening of four strains of b. avium for lysogeny. of the two phage, only ba1 showed the ability to transduce via an allelic replacement mechanism and was studied further. with regard to host range, ba1 grew on six of nine clinical isolates of b. avium but failed to grow on any tested strains of b ... | 2000 | 11029434 |
| reduction in inflammation following blockade of cd18 or cd29 adhesive pathways during the acute phase of a spirochetal-induced colitis in mice. | colitis develops in mice infected with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. numerous granulocytes (pmns) are evident in cecal tissue sections 24-48 h post-infection. the role of pmns was assessed by utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for cd18 or cd29 to block pmn recruitment. macroscopic lesions were less severe in mice treated with either monoclonal antibody compared to lesions observed in isotype control-treated mice. while these monoclonal antibodies may inhibit extravasation of othe ... | 2000 | 11031123 |
| presence of 22- and 17-kda proteins reacting with sera in mice experimentally infected with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. | the antibodies to b. (s.)hyodysenteriae in experimentally infected mice were detected by microscopic agglutination test (mat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the reactions in mat were serotype specific while those in elisa were common to both strains. a further investigation with immunoblotting technique demonstrated that 22- and 17-kda proteins reacted strongly with the sera. the proteins in atcc 27164 strain strongly reacted with the serum from atcc 31212 strain-infected mouse a ... | 1998 | 9764417 |
| intestinal spirochetosis in wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) infected with brachyspira species. | seven adult free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for intestinal spirochetal infection. histologically epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and edema of the lamina propria mucosa with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in the cecum and colon in 6 of the 7 deer. numerous argyrophilic spirochetes were present in the crypts and some had invaded epithelial and goblet cells and caused degeneration. ... | 2000 | 11039589 |
| extrusion of wheat or sorghum and/or addition of exogenous enzymes to pig diets influences the large intestinal microbiota but does not prevent development of swine dysentery following experimental challenge. | a study was made of dietary influences on the large intestinal microbiota of pigs and on the incidence of swine dysentery (sd) after experimental infection with brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of sd. animals were fed diets based either on wheat (expts 1 and 2) or sorghum (expt 2). grains were ground and fed either raw or after high temperature and pressure extrusion and/or after addition of exogenous enzymes to the whole diet to reduce the starch and soluble non-starch polysac ... | 2000 | 11054173 |
| the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity. | spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ... | 2000 | 11073915 |
| antibiotic selective markers and spirochete genetics. | until very recently, the pathogenic spirochetes have been refractory to genetic manipulation. this has been due, in part, to difficulties with in vitro growth and the genetic distance that spirochetes are from typical gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. insertional mutagenesis and other genetic techniques are now possible in some of the pathogenic spirochetes such as borrelia burgdorferi, brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, leptospira sp., and treponema denticola. however, organisms s ... | 2000 | 11075914 |
| dna exchange and insertional inactivation in spirochetes. | spirochetes have complex life cycles and are associated with a number of diseases in humans and animals. despite their significance as pathogens, spirochete genetics are in their early stages. however, gene inactivation has been achieved in borrelia burgdorferi, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and treponema denticola. here, we review methods that have been used in spirochetes for gene inactivation and dna exchange, with a primary focus on b. burgdorferi. we also describe factors influencing electrot ... | 2000 | 11075915 |
| flagellins, but not endoflagellar sheath proteins, of treponema pallidum and of pathogen-related oral spirochetes are glycosylated. | glycosylation of the flagellar core proteins (flabs) was detected in treponema pallidum nichols and in the type or reference strains of seven oral treponema species. in several nonmotile strains of oral treponemes, the flabs were undetectable by both antibody and glycan staining. in contrast, a spontaneous low-motility variant of t. vincenti poundi-related strain ritza, omz 305a, lacked the flagellar sheath protein (flaa) and the two glycan-staining flab bands of the wild type, but antibody labe ... | 1998 | 9826350 |
| association of serpulina hyodysenteriae with the colonic mucosa in experimental swine dysentery studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization. | the localization of serpulina hyodysenteriae in experimental swine dysentery was studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using an oligonucleotide probe targeting the 23s rrna of s. hyodysenteriae. nine 8-week-old pigs were challenged. seven of the pigs were intragastrically dosed with 1 x 10(9) cfu s. hyodysenteriae for 3 consecutive days, whereas two pigs were infected by contact. six non-challenged pigs served as negative controls. the challenged pigs developed clinical swine dysen ... | 1998 | 9890268 |
| phylogenetic evidence for novel and genetically different intestinal spirochetes resembling brachyspira aalborgi in the mucosa of the human colon as revealed by 16s rdna analysis. | intestinal spirochetes (brachyspira spp.) are causative agents of intestinal disorders in animals and humans. phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16s rrna genes from biopsies of the intestinal mucosa of the colon from two swedish 60-years old adults without clinical symptoms revealed the presence of intestinal spirochetes. seventeen clones from two individuals and 11 reference strains were analyzed and the intestinal spirochetes could be divided into two lineages, the brachyspira aalborgi and the br ... | 2000 | 11108014 |
| emergence of diverse helicobacter species in the pathogenesis of gastric and enterohepatic diseases. | since helicobacter pylori was first cultivated from human gastric biopsy specimens in 1982, it has become apparent that many related species can often be found colonizing the mucosal surfaces of humans and other animals. these other helicobacter species can be broadly grouped according to whether they colonize the gastric or enterohepatic niche. gastric helicobacter species are widely distributed in mammalian hosts and are often nearly universally prevalent. in many cases they cause an inflammat ... | 2001 | 11148003 |
| cloning of a beta-hemolysin gene of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae and its expression in escherichia coli. | brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae induces a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease in pigs. the production of a beta-hemolysin has been considered a major virulence attribute of this organism. previous reports have failed to correlate a specific cloned gene sequence with a purified beta-hemolytic protein sequence. thus, questions still remain concerning the structural gene sequence of the hemolysin. to answer this question unequivocally, the beta-hemolytic toxin was purified from extracts of log ... | 2001 | 11159958 |
| toxin synthesis and mucin breakdown are related to swarming phenomenon in clostridium septicum. | clostridium septicum is responsible for several diseases in humans and animals. the bacterium is capable of a simple kind of multicellular behavior known as swarming. in this investigation, environmental and physiologic factors affecting growth and swarm cell formation in c. septicum were studied over a range of dilution rates (d = 0.02 to 0.65 h(-1)) in glucose-limited, glucose-excess, and mucin-limited chemostats. cellular differentiation was observed at low specific growth rates, irrespective ... | 2001 | 11160009 |
| helicobacter pylori pore-forming cytolysin orthologue tlya possesses in vitro hemolytic activity and has a role in colonization of the gastric mucosa. | hemolysins have been found to possess a variety of functions in bacteria, including a role in virulence. helicobacter pylori demonstrates hemolytic activity when cultured on unlysed blood agar plates which is increased under iron-limiting conditions. however, the role of an h. pylori hemolysin in virulence is unclear. scrutiny of the h. pylori 26695 genome sequence suggests the presence of at least two distinct hemolysins, hp1086 and hp1490, in this strain. previous studies have shown that the i ... | 2001 | 11179345 |
| identification of the swine pathogen serpulina hyodysenteriae in rheas (rhea americana). | recently intestinal spirochetes were isolated from rheas in ohio and iowa with a necrotizing typhlocolitis. these intestinal spirochetes, strains r1 and niv-1, were characterized and compared with other intestinal spirochetes, including strains of s. hyodysenteriae. both rhea spirochetes were indole positive, strongly beta-hemolytic, grew under a 1% o2:99% n2 atmosphere, and were morphologically similar to spirochetes in the genus serpulina. analysis of rrna gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) ... | 1996 | 8972051 |
| characterization of serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9 by random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis. | a pcr-based dna fingerprinting method termed rapd (random amplification of polymorphic dna), or ap-pcr (for arbitrary primed pcr) was used to detect sequence diversity among reference strains and isolates of serpulina hyodysenteriae. rapd fingerprinting of 20 s. hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 or 9 from quebec was generated with 2 different 10-base primers used independently. reference strains and field isolates belonging to serotypes 8 or 9 revealed polymorphisms in rapd fingerprints wit ... | 1996 | 9054126 |
| laboratory identification and enteropathogenicity testing of serpulina pilosicoli associated with porcine colonic spirochetosis. | pathogenic intestinal spirochetes of swine include serpulina hyodysenteriae, a strongly beta-hemolytic spirochete that causes swine dysentery, and s. pilosicoli, a weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (wbhis) that causes porcine colonic spirochetosis. because of the existence of nonpathogenic wbhis in the normal swine colon, it is important to develop laboratory procedures for accurate identification of s. pilosicoli. the purpose of the present study was to assess hippurate hydrolysis and ... | 1997 | 9211236 |
| immunoblot reactivity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies with periplasmic flagellar proteins flaa1 and flab of porcine serpulina species. | the periplasmic-flagellum (pf) proteins of triton x-100-soluble and triton x-100-insoluble sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated fractions from reference and field strains of serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, and serpulina pilosicoli were characterized by western blotting with a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pab) specific for the 44-kda pf sheath protein of s. hyodysenteriae (z. li, f. dumas, d. dubreuil, and m. jacques, j. bacteriol. 175:8000-8007, 1993) and a murine monoclonal antibody (mab ... | 1997 | 9220154 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, and salmonellae in porcine intestinal specimens. | proliferative enteritis, swine dysentery, and porcine salmonellosis are the most common enteric bacterial diseases affecting pigs in the growing and finishing stages of production. currently, diagnoses of these diseases by standard cultural techniques of intestinal specimens can be laborious, time consuming, and expensive (swine dysentery, porcine salmonellosis) or impossible (proliferative enteritis). amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of dna sequences specific for each bacterial ... | 1997 | 9249167 |
| unification of the genera serpulina and brachyspira, and proposals of brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov. | the phylogenetic positions of serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina innocens, serpulina pilosicoli and brachyspira aalborgi were studied. complete 16s ribosomal dna sequences of these three species and b. aalborgi revealed that their 16s rdna sequences were related more than 96.0%. the mol% guanine plus cytosine (g+c) of b. aalborgi dna was 27.1, and was similar to those of the 3 members of the genus serpulina. the homologous rates using 31p-labeled b. aalborgi chromosome dna in dna-dna reassociat ... | 1997 | 9251055 |
| outer membrane-associated serine protease of intestinal spirochetes. | pathogenic intestinal spirochetes cause damage to the intestinal mucosa of humans and animals by an unknown mechanism. the purpose of this study was to assess the pathogenic intestinal spirochetes serpulina hyodysenteriae, serpulina pilosicoli, and brachyspira aalborgi and the non-pathogenic commensal intestinal spirochetes serpulina innocens and treponema succinifaciens for protease activity. a partially heat stable, subtilisin-like, serine protease was identified in the outer membrane of all s ... | 1997 | 9297834 |
| specific detection of serpulina hyodysenteriae and potentially pathogenic weakly beta-haemolytic porcine intestinal spirochetes by polymerase chain reaction targeting 23s rdna. | a 2470-bp section of the 23s ribosomal dna from serpulina hyodysenteriae and five biochemically different groups of weakly beta-haemolytic porcine intestinal serpulina strains was sequenced. the similarity between the sequenced strains was high (96.85% to 99.84%). a phylogenetic tree was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. the sequenced strains formed three groups. serpulina hyodysenteriae and biochemical group ii ('s. intermedius') formed a cluster, but 20 nucleotide positions were diff ... | 1997 | 9375296 |
| pcr amplification from fixed tissue indicates frequent involvement of brachyspira aalborgi in human intestinal spirochetosis. | pcr procedures amplifying portions of the 16s rrna and nadh oxidase genes of brachyspira aalborgi and serpulina pilosicoli were applied to dna extracted from paraffin-embedded human colonic or rectal tissues from 30 norwegian, australian, and u.s. patients, 16 of whom had histologic evidence of intestinal spirochetosis (is). b. aalborgi-specific sequences were identified by pcr in 10 of the is patients (62.5%) but none of the others, while s. pilosicoli sequences were not detected in tissues fro ... | 1999 | 10325391 |
| analysis of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain variation and its molecular epidemiology using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was applied as a molecular typing tool for the spirochaete serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. analysis of a collection of 40 mainly australian isolates, previously characterized by other methods, divided these into 23 pfge types. this confirmed that there are many strains of the spirochaete in australia. pfge was more discriminatory for strain typing than both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and serotyping. it had similar discriminat ... | 1999 | 10487649 |
| a comparison of the morphologic effects of serpulina hyodysenteriae or its beta-hemolysin on the murine cecal mucosa. | studies were carried out to compare the early morphologic changes in the cecal mucosa of mice either infected with serpulina hyodysenteriae or exposed to the beta-hemolysin of s. hyodysenteriae. sixty-five 12-24-week-old c3h/heouj mice were infected with s. hyodysenteriae by gastric intubation. two mice were necropsied every hour for 30 hours following infection. s. hyodysenteriae was isolated from the cecal contents of each mouse at all time points. macroscopic lesions were first apparent at 14 ... | 1999 | 10490209 |
| systemic and mucosal immune responses of pigs to parenteral immunization with a pepsin-digested serpulina hyodysenteriae bacterin. | serpulina hyodysenteriae infection of pigs, swine dysentery, causes a mucohemorrhagic diarrhoea resulting in significant economic losses to swine producers. the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. regardless, commercial vaccines have been developed and are in use. thus, the present study was designed to examine cellular immune responses induced by parenteral s. hyodysenteriae vaccination. significant antigen-specific interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and blastogenic responses were dete ... | 1999 | 10490236 |
| cellular immune responses of pigs induced by vaccination with either a whole cell sonicate or pepsin-digested brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae bacterin. | brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae infection of pigs (swine dysentery) causes a mucohemorrhagic diarrhea resulting in significant economic losses for producers. a commercial vaccine consisting of a proteinase-digested bacterin has shown efficacy in the reduction of disease due to b. hyodysenteriae. vaccines consisting of whole cell bacterins, however, generally fail to protect pigs from disease. in the present study, cellular immune responses induced by a proteinase-digested bacterin were co ... | 1999 | 10547431 |