| a y161f hemagglutinin substitution increases thermostability and improves yields of 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus in cells. | vaccination is the primary strategy for influenza prevention and control. however, egg-based vaccines, the predominant production platform, have several disadvantages, including the emergence of viral antigenic variants that can be induced during egg passage. these limitations have prompted the development of cell-based vaccines, which themselves are not without issue. most importantly, vaccine seed viruses often do not grow efficiently in mammalian cell lines. here we aimed to identify novel hi ... | 2018 | 29118117 |
| inter-species host gene expression differences in response to human and avian influenza a virus strains. | low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses are a source of sporadic human infections and could also contribute to future pandemic outbreaks but little is known about inter-species differences in the host responses to these viruses. here, we studied host gene expression signatures of cell lines from three species (human, chicken, and canine) in response to six different viruses (h1n1/wsn, h5n2/f59, h5n2/f118, h5n2/f189, h5n3 and h9n2). comprehensive microarray probe set re-annotation and ortho ... | 2017 | 29104227 |
| a two dose immunization with an inactivated reassortant h5n2 virus protects chickens against lethal challenge with homologous 2.3.2.1 clade and heterologous 2.2 clade highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses. | the present study was aimed at generating a reassortant vaccine candidate virus with clade 2.3.2.1 hemagglutinin (ha) and its evaluation in a challenge study for protection against homologous (2.3.2.1 clade) and heterologous (2.2 clade) highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses. plasmid-based reverse genetics technique was used to rescue a 5 + 3 reassortant h5n2 strain containing the modified ha of h5n1 (clade 2.3.2.1), the neuraminidase (na) of h9n2, the matrix (m) of h5n1 and the i ... | 2018 | 29615248 |
| risk for interspecies transmission of zoonotic pathogens during poultry processing and pork production in peru: a qualitative study. | interspecies transmission of pathogens is an unfrequent but naturally occurring event and human activities may favour opportunities not previously reported. reassortment of zoonotic pathogens like influenza a virus can result from these activities. recently, swine and birds have played a central role as "mixing vessels" for epidemic and pandemic events related to strains like h1n1 and h5n1. unsafe practices in poultry markets and swine farms can lead to interspecies transmission, favouring the e ... | 2018 | 29602269 |
| comparative pathogenicity and transmissibility of pandemic h1n1, avian h5n1, and human h7n9 influenza viruses in tree shrews. | influenza a viruses (iavs) continuously challenge the poultry industry and human health. studies of iavs are still hampered by the availability of suitable animal models. chinese tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) are closely related to primates physiologically and genetically, which make them a potential animal model for human diseases. in this study, we comprehensively evaluated infectivity and transmissibility in chinese tree shrews by using pandemic h1n1 (a/sichuan/1/2009, pdmh1n1), av ... | 2019 | 31921093 |
| full-length genome sequences of the first h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in the northeast of algeria. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aiv) has a worldwide geographic distribution and affects poultry of different types of production. h9n2 aiv was first reported in the northeast of algeria in april 2017, following an outbreak associated with high mortality, in broiler flocks. in the present study, we report full-length genome sequences of aiv h9n2, and the detailed phylogeny and molecular genetic analyses. | 2020 | 32680533 |
| irradiation by a combination of different peak-wavelength ultraviolet-light emitting diodes enhances the inactivation of influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock. this study aimed to determine the ideal irradiation by ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (uv-leds) for iav disinfection. we irradiated the iav h1n1 subtype with 4.8 mj/cm2 uv using eight uv-leds [peak wavelengths (wl) = 365, 310, 300, 290, 280, 270, and 260 nm)] or a mercury low pressure (lp)-uv lamp (peak wl = 254 nm). inactivation was evaluated by the infection ratio of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells ... | 2020 | 32650492 |
| an r195k mutation in the pa-x protein increases the virulence and transmission of influenza a virus in mammalian hosts. | in the 21st century, the emergence of h7n9 and h1n1/2009 influenza viruses, originating from animals and causing severe human infections, has prompted investigations into the genetic alterations required for cross-species transmission. we previously found that replacement of the human-origin pa gene segment in avian influenza virus (aiv) could overcome barriers to cross-species transmission. recently, it was reported that the pa gene segment encodes both the pa protein and a second protein, pa-x ... | 2020 | 32161172 |
| evolution of h5-type avian influenza a virus towards mammalian tropism in egypt, 2014 to 2015. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) of the h5-subtype have circulated continuously in egypt since 2006, resulting in numerous poultry outbreaks and considerable sporadic human infections. the extensive circulation and wide spread of these viruses in domestic poultry have resulted in various evolutionary changes with a dramatic impact on viral transmission ability to contact mammals including humans. the transmitted viruses are either (1) adapted well enough in their avian hosts to ... | 2019 | 31703251 |
| biosafety risk assessment for production of candidate vaccine viruses to protect humans from zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | a major lesson learned from the public health response to the 2009 h1n1 pandemic was the need to shorten the vaccine delivery timeline to achieve the best pandemic mitigation results. a gap analysis of previous pre-pandemic vaccine development activities identified possible changes in the select agent exclusion process that would maintain safety and shorten the timeline to develop candidate vaccine viruses (cvvs) for use in pandemic vaccine manufacture. here, we review the biosafety characterist ... | 2020 | 31659871 |
| genetic characteristics and polymorphisms in the chicken interferon-induced transmembrane protein (ifitm3) gene. | the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (ifitm3) gene is classified as a small interferon-stimulated gene and is associated with a broad spectrum of antiviral functions against several fatal enveloped viruses, including influenza a viruses (iavs). the rs12252 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of the ifitm3 gene in humans was associated with susceptibility to h1n1 influenza in a 2009 pandemic. in addition, overexpression of the ifitm3 protein potently inhibits the highly pathogenic avia ... | 2019 | 31410631 |
| mutation of influenza a virus pa-x decreases pathogenicity in chicken embryos and can increase the yield of reassortant candidate vaccine viruses. | the pa-x protein of influenza a virus has roles in host cell shutoff and viral pathogenesis. while most strains are predicted to encode pa-x, strain-dependent variations in activity have been noted. we found that pa-x protein from the a/pr/8/34 (pr8) strain had significantly lower repressive activity against cellular gene expression than pa-x proteins from the avian strains a/turkey/england/50-92/91 (h5n1) (t/e) and a/chicken/rostock/34 (h7n1). loss of normal pa-x expression, either by mutation ... | 2019 | 30381488 |
| evaluation of the potential defensive strategy against influenza a in cell line models. | background: influenza virus can cause both seasonal infections and unpredictable pandemics. rapidly evolving avian h5n1 and h7n9 viruses have a potential pandemic threat for humans. since avian influenza can be transmitted by domestic birds, serving as a key link between wild birds and humans, an effective measure to control the influenza transmission would be eradication of the infection in poultry. it is known that the virus penetrates into the cell through binding with the terminal oligosacc ... | 2018 | 29946435 |
| the second-generation thiazolide haloxanide is a potent inhibitor of avian influenza virus replication. | the emergence of new avian influenza virus (aiv) strains able to infect humans represents a serious threat to global human health. in addition to surveillance and vaccine development, antiviral therapy remains crucial for aiv control; however, the increase in drug-resistant aiv strains underscores the need for novel approaches to anti-influenza chemotherapy. we have previously shown that the thiazolide anti-infective nitazoxanide (ntz) inhibits influenza a/puertorico/8/1934(h1n1) virus replicati ... | 2018 | 29908209 |
| functional growth inhibition of influenza a and b viruses by liquid and powder components of leaves from the subtropical plant melia azedarach l. | we evaluated the anti-influenza-virus effects of melia components and discuss the utility of these components. the effects of leaf components of melia azedarach l. on viruses were examined, and plaque inhibition tests were performed. the in vivo efficacy of m. azedarach l. was tested in a mouse model. leaf components of melia azedarach l. markedly inhibited the growth of various influenza viruses. in an initial screening, multiplication and haemagglutination (ha) activities of h1n1, h3n2, h5, an ... | 2018 | 29633076 |
| ns segment of a 1918 influenza a virus-descendent enhances replication of h1n1pdm09 and virus-induced cellular immune response in mammalian and avian systems. | the 2009 pandemic influenza a virus (iav) h1n1 strain (h1n1pdm09) has widely spread and is circulating in humans and swine together with other human and avian iavs. this fact raises the concern that reassortment between h1n1pdm09 and co-circulating viruses might lead to an increase of h1n1pdm09 pathogenicity in different susceptible host species. herein, we explored the potential of different ns segments to enhance the replication dynamics, pathogenicity and host range of h1n1pdm09 strain a/gies ... | 2018 | 29623073 |
| the pa subunit of the influenza virus polymerase complex affects replication and airborne transmission of the h9n2 subtype avian influenza virus. | the polymerase acidic (pa) protein is the third subunit of the influenza a virus polymerase. in recent years, studies have shown that pa plays an important role in overcoming the host species barrier and host adaptation of the avian influenza virus (aiv). the objective of this study was to elucidate the role of the pa subunit on the replication and airborne transmission of the h9n2 subtype aiv. by reverse genetics, a reassortant rsd01-pa was derived from the h9n2 subtype aiv a/chicken/shandong/0 ... | 2019 | 30634394 |
| genetic and biological characteristics of avian influenza virus subtype h1n8 in environments related to live poultry markets in china. | since 2008, avian influenza surveillance in poultry-related environments has been conducted annually in china. samples have been collected from environments including live poultry markets, wild bird habitats, slaughterhouses, and poultry farms. multiple subtypes of avian influenza virus have been identified based on environmental surveillance, and an h1n8 virus was isolated from the drinking water of a live poultry market. | 2019 | 31117981 |
| 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide inhibits apoptosis in influenza a(h5n1) virus-infected human lung epithelial cells via the caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway which contributes to its antiviral activity. | influenza a virus (iav) infection represents a global health challenge. excavating antiviral active components from traditional chinese medicine (tcm) is a promising anti-iav strategy. our previous studies have demonstrated that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (dap), a major ingredient of a tcm herb called andrographis paniculata, shows anti-iav activity that is mainly effective against a/chicken/hubei/327/2004 (h5n1), a/duck/hubei/xn/2007 (h5n1), and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) in vitro and in viv ... | 2020 | 32702348 |
| a77 1726, the active metabolite of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug leflunomide, inhibits influenza a virus replication in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activity of janus kinases. | the newly reassorted iav subtypes from zoonotic reservoirs respond poorly to current vaccines and antiviral therapy. there is an unmet need in developing novel antiviral drugs for better control of iav infection. the cellular factors that are crucial for virus replication have been sought as novel molecular targets for antiviral therapy. recent studies have shown that janus kinases (jak), jak1, and jak2, play an important role in iav replication. leflunomide is an anti-inflammatory drug primaril ... | 2020 | 32598086 |
| immune response and protective efficacy of inactivated and live influenza vaccines against homologous and heterosubtypic challenge. | inactivated (whole-virion, split, subunit, and adjuvanted) vaccines and live attenuated vaccine were tested in parallel to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. homologous and heterosubtypic protection against the challenge with influenza h5n1 and h1n1 viruses in a mouse model were studied. single immunization with live or inactivated whole-virion h5n1 vaccine elicited a high level of serum antibodies and provided complete protection against the challenge with the lethal a/chicke ... | 2020 | 32571185 |
| salmonella enteritidis ghost vaccine carrying the hemagglutinin globular head (ha1) domain from h1n1 virus protects against salmonellosis and influenza in chickens. | this study evaluated the attenuated salmonella enteritidis (se) ghost strain jol2114 (δlon δcpxr δasd), which displays on the bacterial surface the h1n1 hemagglutinin globular head portion (ha1; amino acid residues 63-286) on the bacterial surface for protective efficacy against salmonella and h1n1 challenge in the chicken model, as the birds are the predominant reservoirs for both diseases. the ghost system enhanced the lysis process by converging two lysis processes found in bacteriophages: ba ... | 2020 | 32402750 |
| influenza pb1-f2 inhibits avian mavs signaling. | rig-i plays an essential role in the duck innate immune response to influenza infection. rig-i engages the critical adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling (mavs) to activate the downstream signaling pathway. the influenza a virus non-structural protein pb1-f2 interacts with mavs in human cells to inhibit interferon production. as duck and human mavs share only 28% amino acid similarity, it is not known whether the influenza virus can similarly inhibit mavs signaling in avian cells. us ... | 2020 | 32272772 |
| antiviral activity of chicken cathelicidin b1 against influenza a virus. | cathelicidins (caths) are host defense peptides (hdps) that play an important role in the innate immune response against infections. although multiple functions of cathelicidins have been described, including direct antimicrobial activity and several immunomodulatory effects on the host, relatively little is known about their antiviral activity. therefore, in vitro antiviral activity of chicken cathelicidins and the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study against different influenza ... | 2020 | 32265870 |
| immunization with dna prime-subunit protein boost strategy based on influenza h9n2 virus conserved matrix protein m1 and its epitope screening. | developing an effective universal influenza vaccine against influenza virus with highly conserved antigenic epitopes could induce a broad-spectrum immune response to prevent infection. the soluble protein m1 that can induce the m1 specific immune response was first confirmed in our previous study. in this study, we characterized the immune response induced by dna prime-subunit protein boost strategy based on the relatively conserved matrix protein 1 (m1) in the balb/c mouse model, and evaluated ... | 2020 | 32139720 |
| an oleanolic acid derivative inhibits hemagglutinin-mediated entry of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses (iav) have been a major public health threat worldwide, and options for antiviral therapy become increasingly limited with the emergence of drug-resisting virus strains. new and effective anti-iav drugs, especially for highly pathogenic influenza, with different modes of action, are urgently needed. the influenza virus glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potenti ... | 2020 | 32085430 |
| filamentous versus spherical morphology: a case study of the recombinant a/wsn/33 (h1n1) virus. | influenza a virus is a serious human pathogen that assembles enveloped virions on the plasma membrane of the host cell. the pleiomorphic morphology of influenza a virus, represented by spherical, elongated, or filamentous particles, is important for the spread of the virus in nature. using fixative protocols for sample preparation and negative staining electron microscopy, we found that the recombinant a/wsn/33 (h1n1) (rwsn) virus, a strain considered to be strictly spherical, may produce filame ... | 2020 | 32036809 |
| the effect of a lipopolysaccharide from rhodobacter capsulatus pg on inflammation caused by various influenza strains. | the development of a specific inflammation in mice that had been infected by two influenza virus strains, a/chicken/kurgan/5/2005 (h5n1) and a/hamburg/2009 ma (h1n1), was studied. we investigated the effect of a non-toxic lipopolysaccharide from rhodobacter capsulatus pg on the survival and body weight of the mice, production of igg antibodies, and the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum. the administration of the r. capsulatus pg lipopolysaccharide was shown to indu ... | 2020 | 31720016 |
| intragastric delivery of recombinant lactococcus lactis displaying ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (m2e) and neuraminidase (na) induced focused mucosal and systemic immune responses in chickens. | compounding with the problem of frequent antigenic shift and occasional drift of the segmented genome of avian influenza virus (aiv), vaccines based on major surface glycoproteins such as haemagglutinin (ha) to counter heterosubtypic aiv infection in chickens remain unsuccessful. in contrast, neuraminidase (na), the second most abundant surface glycoprotein present in viral capsid is less mutable and, in some instances, successful in eliciting inter-species cross-reactive antibody responses. how ... | 2019 | 31518854 |
| [change of phenotypic properties of escape mutants and readaptants of influenza virus a (h1n1)pdm09 under the influence of selected mutations in the molecule of hemagglutinin.] | after the emergence and spread of pandemic h1n1 viruses in 2009, antigenic epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin of influenza a/moscow/01/09(h1n1)pdm09 viruses were studied. | 2020 | 31412173 |
| effective mosaic-based nanovaccines against avian influenza in poultry. | avian influenza virus (aiv) is an extraordinarily diverse pathogen that causes significant morbidity in domesticated poultry populations and threatens human life with looming pandemic potential. controlling avian influenza in susceptible populations requires highly effective, economical and broadly reactive vaccines. several aiv vaccines have proven insufficient despite their wide use, and better technologies are needed to improve their immunogenicity and broaden effectiveness. previously, we de ... | 2019 | 31300285 |
| itraq-based proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of human mast cells upon infection by the influenza a virus strains h1n1 and h5n1. | mast cells can support the replication of influenza a virus, although how this occurs is poorly understood. in the present study, using quantitative ms, we analyzed the proteome of human mast cells infected with different influenza a virus strains at 12 h post-infection. forty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified in human mast cells upon infection by the virulent h5n1 (a/chicken/henan/1/04) virus compared to the seasonal h1n1 (a/wsn/33) virus. bioinformatic analyses confirmed th ... | 2019 | 31271652 |
| passaging of an influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus in a difluoro sialic acid inhibitor selects for a novel, but unfit i106m neuraminidase mutant. | an influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and an influenza b virus were passaged in 3-fluoro(eq)-4-guanidino difluoro sialic acid (3feq4gu dfsa), an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase (na) to determine whether resistant variants could be selected. 3feq4gu dfsa is a mechanism-based inhibitor, forming a covalent link to y406 in the na active site. given its similarity to the natural substrate, sialic acid, we predicted resistant variants would be difficult to select. yields of both viruses decreased with pa ... | 2019 | 31233807 |
| soluble expression of single-chain variable fragment (scfv) in escherichia coli using superfolder green fluorescent protein as fusion partner. | single-chain variable fragment (scfv) has great prospect in medical therapies and diagnostic applications due to its binding affinity and low immunogenicity. however, the application of scfv is limited by its heterologous expression facing challenges of insoluble aggregation. sfgfp has been developed as fusion tag to facilitate the solubility of fusion partner in escherichia coli. we designed fusion protein of anti-influenza pb2 scfv at c-terminus of sfgfp and successfully obtained soluble expre ... | 2019 | 31175428 |
| investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza a viruses h1n1 and h5n1. | this study focuses on design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency of two series of sialylmimetic that target an exosite ("150-cavity") adjacent to the active site of influenza neuraminidases from a/california/07/2009 (h1n1) pandemic strain and a/chicken/nakorn-patom/thailand/cu-k2-2004 (h5n1). the structure-activity analysis as well as 3-d structure of the complex of parental compound with the pandemic neuraminidase p09n1 revealed high flexibility of the 150-cavity towards va ... | 2019 | 31128993 |
| host cell interactome of pb1 n40 protein of h5n1 influenza a virus in chicken cells. | h5n1 influenza a virus (iav) causes seasonal epidemics that represent a worldwide threat to public health. iav relies on host factors for viral replication. pb1 n40 is translated from the fifth starting code (aug) of pb1 mrna, which is the product of the ribosomal scan omission. here, we report the interactome landscape of h5n1 iav pb1 n40 protein in chicken cells. the interacting complexes were captured by co-immunoprecipitation and analyzed by mass spectrometry. we identified 135 proteins as p ... | 2019 | 30790688 |
| role of c-jun terminal kinase (jnk) activation in influenza a virus-induced autophagy and replication. | the non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of different influenza a virus (iav) strains can differentially regulate the activity of c-jun terminal kinase (jnk) and pi-3 kinase (pi3k). whether varying jnk and pi3k activation impacts autophagy and iav replication differently remains uncertain. here we report that h5n1 (a/mallard/huadong/s/2005) influenza a virus induced functional autophagy, as evidenced by increased lc3 lipidation and decreased p62 levels, and the presence of autolysosomes in chicken fib ... | 2019 | 30316042 |
| neuraminidase-associated plasminogen recruitment enables systemic spread of natural avian influenza viruses h3n1. | repeated outbreaks due to h3n1 low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (lpaiv) in belgium were associated with unusually high mortality in chicken in 2019. those events caused considerable economic losses and prompted restriction measures normally implemented for eradicating high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (hpaiv). initial pathology investigations and infection studies suggested this virus to be able to replicate systemically, being very atypical for h3 lpaiv. here, we investigate t ... | 2021 | 33891662 |
| regeneration of the pulmonary vascular endothelium after viral pneumonia requires coup-tf2. | acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a robust inflammatory response that damages the vascular endothelium, impairing gas exchange. while restoration of microcapillaries is critical to avoid mortality, therapeutic targeting of this process requires a greater understanding of endothelial repair mechanisms. here, we demonstrate that lung endothelium possesses substantial regenerative capacity and lineage tracing reveals that native endothelium is the source of vascular repair afte ... | 2020 | 33239293 |
| comparison of n-linked glycosylation on hemagglutinins derived from chicken embryos and mdck cells: a case of the production of a trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine. | n-linked glycosylation plays critical roles in folding, receptor binding, and immunomodulating of hemagglutinin (ha), the main antigen in influenza vaccines. chicken embryos are the predominant production host for influenza vaccines, but madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells have emerged as an important alternative host. in this study, we compared glycosylation patterns, including the occupancy of potential glycosylation sites and the distribution of different glycans, on the has of three strai ... | 2021 | 33937925 |
| rapid differential detection of subtype h1 and h3 swine influenza viruses using a taqman-mgb-based duplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assay. | swine influenza is an economically important respiratory disease in swine, but it also constantly poses a threat to human health. therefore, developing rapid, sensitive, and efficient detection methods for swine influenza virus (siv) is important. by aligning the haemagglutinin (ha) gene sequences of sivs circulating in china over a 10-year period, an h1 primer-probe set targeting both eurasian avian-like h1n1 (ea h1n1) and pandemic 2009 h1n1 ((h1n1)pdm09) lineages plus a h3 primer-probe set tar ... | 2021 | 34091783 |
| ha1 (hemagglutinin) quantitation for influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 high yield reassortant vaccine candidate seed viruses by rp-uplc. | the only effective measure to decrease morbidity and mortality caused by the influenza virus in the human population is worldwide vaccination. vaccination produces neutralizing antibodies that target the ha1 subunit of the ha (hemagglutinin) protein and are strain specific. the effectiveness of new influenza vaccines are linked to two factors, the correct prediction of the circulating strains in the population in a particular season and the concentration of the ha1 protein in the vaccine formula ... | 2020 | 33341306 |
| modeling influenza virus infection in mature wistar rats. | it has now been established that blood vessels are target for influenza, but the mechanism by which the influenza virus affects the cardiovascular system is unknown. the aim - adaptation of influenza virus a/st. petersburg/48/16 h1n1(pdm09) to mature wistar rats, as these animals are the main experimental model for studying the pathology of the cardiovascular system. | 2020 | 33533218 |
| infection and risk factors of human and avian influenza in pigs in south china. | the coinfection of swine influenza (si) strains and avian/human-source influenza strains in piggeries can contribute to the evolution of new influenza viruses with pandemic potential. this study analyzed surveillance data on si in south china and explored the spatial predictor variables associated with different influenza infection scenarios in counties within the study area. blood samples were collected from 7670 pigs from 534 pig farms from 2015 to 2017 and tested for evidence of infection wit ... | 2021 | 33744674 |
| impact of individual viral gene segments from influenza a/h5n8 virus on the protective efficacy of inactivated subtype-specific influenza vaccine. | since its emergence in 2014, the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 virus has continuously and rapidly spread worldwide in the poultry sector resulting in huge economic losses. a typical inactivated h5n8 vaccine is prepared using the six internal genes from a/pr8/1934 (h1n1) and the two major antigenic proteins (ha and na) from the circulating h5n8 strain with the ha modified to a low pathogenic form (pr8ha/na-h5n8). the contribution of the other internal proteins from h5n8, either individua ... | 2021 | 33808583 |
| antiviral activity of isoimperatorin against influenza a virus in vitro and its inhibition of neuraminidase. | influenza a virus (iav) poses a severe threat to human health and is a major public health problem worldwide. as global anti-influenza virus drug resistance has increased significantly, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs, especially drugs from natural products. isoimperatorin, an active natural furanocoumarin, exhibits a broad range of pharmacologic activities including anticoagulant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and other pharmacological effects, ... | 2021 | 33927632 |
| sulfated glycans containing neuacα2-3gal facilitate the propagation of human h1n1 influenza a viruses in eggs. | when human influenza viruses are isolated and passaged in chicken embryos, variants with amino acid substitutions around the receptor binding site of hemagglutinin (ha) are selected; however, the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. here, we analyzed the receptor structures that contributed to propagation of egg-passaged human h1n1 viruses. the analysis included seasonal and 2009 pandemic strains, both of which have amino acid substitutions of ha found in strains i ... | 2021 | 34246113 |
| melamine and other food safety and health scares in china: comparing households with and without young children. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether household responses to melamine and other recent food safety and health scares in china in recent years differed between households that did or did not have young children (less than six years of age). a consumer survey was conducted in hohhot, china in september 2009, one year after the melamine contamination of milk was disclosed to the public. households with young children who were not being breast-fed reported that they had reduced milk con ... | 2012 | 32288323 |
| adaptive evolution during the establishment of european avian-like h1n1 influenza a virus in swine. | an h1n1 subtype influenza a virus with all eight gene segments derived from wild birds (including mallards), ducks and chickens, caused severe disease outbreaks in swine populations in europe beginning in 1979 and successfully adapted to form the european avian-like swine (ea-swine) influenza lineage. genes of the ea-swine lineage that are clearly segregated from its closest avian relatives continue to circulate in swine populations globally and represent a unique opportunity to study the adapti ... | 2018 | 29636804 |
| identification of different hemagglutinin isoforms of influenza a virus h1n1. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are still a threat to human health and life. the process of virus infection involves a series of biological regulations, such as signal transduction, that may be closely linked with the function of glycoproteins. however, the number and level of glycoproteins is low compared with other proteins in the whole protein pool. | 2018 | 29857349 |
| [mutations in hemagglutinin and polymerase alter the virulence of pandemic a(h1n1) influenza virus]. | to study the pathogenicity factors of the pandemic a(h1n1) influenza virus, a number of mutant variants of the a/hamburg/5/2009 (h1n1)pdm09 strain were obtained through passage in chicken embryos, mouse lungs, and mdck cell culture. after 17 lung-to-lung passages of the a/hamburg/5/2009 in mice, the minimum lethal dose of the derived variant decreased by five orders of magnitude compared to that of the parental virus. this variant differed from the original virus by nine amino acid residues in t ... | 2019 | 30113030 |
| production and application of anti-nucleoprotein igy antibodies for influenza a virus detection in swine. | influenza a virus (iav) causes an important respiratory disease in mammals and birds leading to concerns in animal production industry and public health. usually, antibodies produced in mammals are employed in diagnostic tests. however, due to animal welfare concerns, technical advantages and the high cost of production, alternatives to the production of antibodies in mammals have been investigated. the aim of this study was to produce egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) in laying hens against a highl ... | 2018 | 30158073 |
| direct rna sequencing of the coding complete influenza a virus genome. | for the first time, a coding complete genome of an rna virus has been sequenced in its original form. previously, rna was sequenced by the chemical degradation of radiolabeled rna, a difficult method that produced only short sequences. instead, rna has usually been sequenced indirectly by copying it into cdna, which is often amplified to dsdna by pcr and subsequently analyzed using a variety of dna sequencing methods. we designed an adapter to short highly conserved termini of the influenza a vi ... | 2018 | 30258076 |
| inactivated h5 antigens of h5n8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic h5n8 and h5n6 avian influenza viruses. | highly pathogenic asian h5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern china in 1996. extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. the study showed the efficacy of inactivated h5 vaccine from the h5n8 virus against highly pathogenic h5n8 and h5n6 avian influenza viruses in chickens. | 2018 | 30729196 |
| in silico thermodynamic stability of mammalian adaptation and virulence determinants in polymerase complex proteins of h9n2 virus. | the polymerase complex proteins (pb2, pb1, and pa) are responsible primarily for the replication of avian influenza virus and play an important role in virus virulence, mammalian adaptation, and interspecies transmission. in this study; eight egyptian lpai-h9n2 viruses isolated from apparent healthy chickens and quails from 2014 to 2016. characterization of complete nucleotide sequences, phylogenetic and mutation analysis were carried out. the measurement of thermodynamic stability of the h9n2 p ... | 2018 | 30733797 |
| egg-based influenza split virus vaccine with monoglycosylation induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. | each year influenza virus infections cause hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide and a significant level of morbidity with major economic burden. at the present time, vaccination with inactivated virus vaccine produced from embryonated chicken eggs is the most prevalent method to prevent the infections. however, current influenza vaccines are only effective against closely matched circulating strains and must be updated and administered yearly. therefore, generating a vaccine that can provid ... | 2019 | 30782805 |
| enhanced cross-lineage protection induced by recombinant h9n2 avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine. | antigenic drift of h9n2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) may result in vaccination failure in the poultry industry and thus a cross-protective vaccine against h9n2 aiv is highly desirable. | 2019 | 30797637 |