| an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine induces sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody and t cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), is having a deleterious impact on health services and the global economy, highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. such a vaccine would need to rapidly confer protection after one or two doses and would need to be manufactured using components suitable for scale up. here, we developed an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine candidate, reprn ... | 2020 | 32690628 |
| complete genome sequence of sars-cov-2 in a tiger from a u.s. zoological collection. | this report describes the identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in a malayan tiger in a u.s. zoo. | 2020 | 32467283 |
| neonatal management and outcomes during the covid-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study. | the risk of vertical and perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, which causes covid-19), the most appropriate management, and the neonate's risk of developing covid-19 during the perinatal period are unknown. therefore, we aimed to elucidate best practices regarding infection control in mother-newborn dyads, and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. | 2020 | 32711687 |
| experimental infection of cattle with sars-cov-2. | we inoculated 6 cattle with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and kept them together with 3 in-contact, virus-naive cattle. we observed viral replication and specific seroreactivity in 2 inoculated animals, despite high levels of preexisting antibody titers against a bovine betacoronavirus. the in-contact animals did not become infected. | 2020 | 33034284 |
| an update on the origin of sars-cov-2: despite closest identity, bat (ratg13) and pangolin derived coronaviruses varied in the critical binding site and o-linked glycan residues. | the initial cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) occurred in wuhan, china, in december 2019 and swept the world by 23 june 2020 with 8 993 659 active cases, 469 587 deaths across 216 countries, areas or territories. this strongly implies global transmission occurred before the lockdown of china. however, the initial source's transmission routes of sars-cov-2 remain obscure and controversial. research data suggest bat (ratg13) and pangolin carried cov were the pro ... | 2020 | 32633815 |
| isolation of sars-cov-2-related coronavirus from malayan pangolins. | the current outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) poses unprecedented challenges to global health1. the new coronavirus responsible for this outbreak-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-shares high sequence identity to sars-cov and a bat coronavirus, ratg132. although bats may be the reservoir host for a variety of coronaviruses3,4, it remains unknown whether sars-cov-2 has additional host species. here we show that a coronavirus, which we name pangolin-cov, is ... | 2020 | 32380510 |
| oral sars-cov-2 inoculation establishes subclinical respiratory infection with virus shedding in golden syrian hamsters. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is transmitted largely by respiratory droplets or airborne aerosols. despite being frequently found in the immediate environment and feces of patients, evidence supporting the oral acquisition of sars-cov-2 is unavailable. using the syrian hamster model, we demonstrate that the severity of pneumonia induced by the intranasal inhalation of sars-cov-2 increases with virus inoculum. sars-cov-2 retains its infectivity in vitro in simulated ... | 2020 | 32984855 |
| disruption of adaptive immunity enhances disease in sars-cov-2-infected syrian hamsters. | animal models recapitulating human covid-19 disease, especially severe disease, are urgently needed to understand pathogenesis and to evaluate candidate vaccines and therapeutics. here, we develop novel severe-disease animal models for covid-19 involving disruption of adaptive immunity in syrian hamsters. cyclophosphamide (cyp) immunosuppressed or rag2 knockout (ko) hamsters were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) by the respiratory route. both the cyp-treate ... | 2020 | 32900822 |
| syrian hamsters as a small animal model for sars-cov-2 infection and countermeasure development. | at the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; sars-cov-2) was detected in wuhan, china, that spread rapidly around the world, with severe consequences for human health and the global economy. here, we assessed the replicative ability and pathogenesis of sars-cov-2 isolates in syrian hamsters. sars-cov-2 isolates replicated efficiently in the lungs of hamsters, causing severe pathological lung lesions following intranasal infection. in addition, microco ... | 2020 | 32571934 |
| isolation of potent sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model. | countermeasures to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are a global health priority. we enrolled a cohort of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-recovered participants, developed neutralization assays to investigate antibody responses, adapted our high-throughput antibody generation pipeline to rapidly screen more than 1800 antibodies, and established an animal model to test protection. we isolated potent neutralizing antibodies (nabs) to two epitopes o ... | 2020 | 32540903 |
| surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden syrian hamster model for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is believed to be mostly transmitted by medium-to-large sized respiratory droplets although airborne transmission is theoretically possible in healthcare settings involving aerosol-generating procedures. exposure to respiratory droplets can theoretically be reduced by surgical mask usage. however, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting surgical mask usage for prevention of covi ... | 2020 | 32472679 |
| comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of sars-cov-2 and sars-cov with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of covid-19: an observational study. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) was reported from china in january, 2020. sars-cov-2 is efficiently transmitted from person to person and, in 2 months, has caused more than 82 000 laboratory-confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and 2800 deaths in 46 countries. the total number of cases and deaths has surpassed that of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). although both covid-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars ... | 2020 | 32835326 |
| differential tropism of sars-cov and sars-cov-2 in bat cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 did not replicate efficiently in 13 bat cell lines, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicated efficiently in kidney cells of its ancestral host, the rhinolophus sinicus bat, suggesting different evolutionary origins. structural modeling showed that rbd/rsace2 binding may contribute to the differential cellular tropism. | 2020 | 32730733 |
| sars-cov-2: structural diversity, phylogeny, and potential animal host identification of spike glycoprotein. | to investigate the evolutionary history of the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a total of 137 genomes of coronavirus strains with release dates between january 2019 and 25 march 2020, were analyzed. to investigate the potential intermediate host of the sars-cov-2, we analyzed spike glycoprotein sequences from different animals, with particular emphasis on bats. we performed phylogenetic analysis and structural reconstruction of the spike ... | 2020 | 32374452 |
| detection of coronaviruses in pteropus & rousettus species of bats from different states of india. | bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. in india, an association of pteropus medius bats with the nipah virus was reported in the past. it is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) also has its association with bats. to assess the presence of covs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat cov (btcov) in p. medius and rousettus species from repres ... | 2020 | 32317409 |
| clinical and pathological findings in sars-cov-2 disease outbreaks in farmed mink (neovison vison). | sars-cov-2, the causative agent of covid-19, caused respiratory disease outbreaks with increased mortality in 4 mink farms in the netherlands. the most striking postmortem finding was an acute interstitial pneumonia, which was found in nearly all examined mink that died at the peak of the outbreaks. acute alveolar damage was a consistent histopathological finding in mink that died with pneumonia. sars-cov-2 infections were confirmed by detection of viral rna in throat swabs and by immunohistoche ... | 2020 | 32663073 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of smell and taste disorders in covid-19. | loss of smell and taste are considered potential discriminatory symptoms indicating triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and early case identification. however, the estimated prevalence essential to guide public health policy varies in published literature. this meta-analysis aimed to estimate prevalence of smell and taste loss among covid-19 patients. | 2020 | 32964177 |
| covid-19 in hematological malignancy patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. | covid-19 is an international outbreak of the respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the diseases themselves, as well as the intensity of chemotherapy, lead to significant immunosuppression, leading hematological malignancy patients susceptible to infections. | 2020 | 32871864 |
| global psychological implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). what can be learned from italy. reflections, perspectives, opportunities. | on december 31, 2019, the chinese authorities announced that in the city of wuhan, hubei province, central-eastern china, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology had developed. a new coronavirus (sars-cov-2) that causes serious problems like pneumonia and even death, has been discovered. this new disease (covid-19) has spread also in italy starting from the first recognized case on february 20. beyond its biological implications, this coronavirus allows us many psychological reflections ... | 2020 | 32849079 |
| generation of chicken igy against sars-cov-2 spike protein and epitope mapping. | this new decade has started with a global pandemic of covid-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), precipitating a worldwide health crisis and economic downturn. scientists and clinicians have been racing against time to find therapies for covid-19. repurposing approved drugs, developing vaccines and employing passive immunization are three major therapeutic approaches to fighting covid-19. chicken immunoglobulin y (igy) has the potential to be used as neutral ... | 2020 | 33134398 |
| non-respiratory presentations of covid-19, a clinical review. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2 or covid-19) is a highly infectious viral syndrome currently threatening millions of people worldwide. it is widely recognized as a disease of the pulmonary system, presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. however, a number of extrapulmonary manifestations have been described in the literature. | 2020 | 33039218 |
| can immunization of hens provide oral-based therapeutics against covid-19? | in the current worldwide pandemic situation caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and the newest coronavirus disease (covid-19), therapeutics and prophylactics are urgently needed for a large population. some of the prophylaxis strategies are based on the development of antibodies targeting viral proteins. igy antibodies are a type of immunoglobulin present in birds, amphibians, and reptiles. they are usually obtained from egg yolk of hyper-immunized hens and ... | 2020 | 32872186 |
| a scalable topical vectored vaccine candidate against sars-cov-2. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) caused an ongoing unprecedented global public health crises of coronavirus disease in 2019 (covid-19). the precipitously increased death rates, its impact on livelihood and trembling economies warrant the urgent development of a sars-cov-2 vaccine which would be safe, efficacious and scalable. owing to unavailability of the vaccine, we propose a de novo synthesized avian orthoavulavirus 1 (aoav-1)-based topical respiratory vaccine ... | 2020 | 32846910 |
| covid-19 and cardiac surgery: the perspective from united kingdom. | the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in december 2019, presumed from the city of wuhan, hubei province in china, and the subsequent declaration of the disease as a pandemic by the world health organization as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in march 2020, had a significant impact on health care systems globally. each country responded to this disease in different ways, however this was done broadly by fortifying and prioritizing health care provision as well as in ... | 2020 | 32981073 |
| detection of environmental sars-cov-2 rna in a high prevalence setting in spain. | since march 2020, spain (along with many other countries) has been severely affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) pandemic caused by the rapid spread of a new virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; sars-cov-2). as part of global efforts to improve disease surveillance, we investigated how readily sars-cov-2 rna could be detected in environmental samples collected from an isolated rural community in spain with a high covid-19 prevalence (6% of the population o ... | 2020 | 32894654 |
| probable evidence of fecal aerosol transmission of sars-cov-2 in a high-rise building. | the role of fecal aerosols in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been suspected. | 2020 | 32870707 |
| environmental contamination in the isolation rooms of covid-19 patients with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation or high-flow oxygen therapy. | identifying the extent of environmental contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is essential for infection control and prevention. the extent of environmental contamination has not been fully investigated in the context of severe coronavirus disease (covid-19) patients. | 2020 | 32828864 |
| the evidence of indirect transmission of sars-cov-2 reported in guangzhou, china. | more than 2 months have passed since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) first emerged in wuhan, china. with the migration of people, the epidemic has rapidly spread within china and throughout the world. due to the severity of the epidemic, undiscovered transmission of covid-19 deserves further investigation. the aim of our study hypothesized possible modes of sars-cov-2 transmission and how the virus may have spread between two family clusters within a residential building in guangzh ... | 2020 | 32758198 |
| sars-cov-2 in environmental perspective: occurrence, persistence, surveillance, inactivation and challenges. | the unprecedented global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars-cov-2 is depicting the distressing pandemic consequence on human health, economy as well as ecosystem services. so far novel coronavirus (cov) outbreaks were associated with sars-cov-2 (2019), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov, 2012), and sars-cov-1 (2003) events. cov relates to the enveloped family of betacoronavirus (βcov) with positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna). knowing ... | 2021 | 32901196 |
| highlights in the fight against covid-19: does autophagy play a role in sars-cov-2 infection? | in the preceding months, the novel sars-cov-2 pandemic has devastated global communities. the need for safe and effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatments to combat covid-19 - the human disease resulting from sars-cov-2 infection - is clear. here, we present recent developments in the effort to combat covid-19 and consider whether sars-cov-2 may potentially interact with the host autophagy pathway. abbreviations: ace2, angiotensin converting enzyme ii; βcov, betacoronavirus; covid-19, cor ... | 2020 | 33153403 |
| covid-19: look to the future, learn from the past. | there is a current pandemic of a new type of coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the number of confirmed infected cases has been rapidly increasing. this paper analyzes the characteristics of sars-cov-2 in comparison with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and influenza. covid-19 is similar to the diseases caused by sars-cov and mers-cov virologically and etiologically, but c ... | 2020 | 33138262 |
| covid-19: the epidemiology and treatment. | after initially emerging in late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has spread rapidly to cause a global pandemic. sars-cov-2 is a betacoronavirus that is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, all of which can cause severe lung injury, respiratory distress and cytokine storm. while mortality rates associated with sars-cov-2 are lower tha ... | 2020 | 33135928 |
| gordian knot: gastrointestinal lesions caused by three highly pathogenic coronaviruses from sars-cov and mers-cov to sars-cov-2. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), is currently spreading around the world. the who declared on january 31 that the outbreak of sars-cov-2 was a public health emergency. sars-cov-2 is a member of highly pathogenic coronavirus group that also consists of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). although respiratory tract lesions wer ... | 2020 | 33131637 |
| animal models for sars-cov-2 research: a comprehensive literature review. | emerging and reemerging viral diseases can create devastating effects on human lives and may also lead to economic crises. the ongoing covid-19 pandemic due to the novel coronavirus (ncov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which originated in wuhan, china, has caused a global public health emergency. to date, the molecular mechanism of transmission of sars-cov-2, its clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis are not completely understood. the global scientific commun ... | 2020 | 33128861 |
| changes in physiology and immune system during pregnancy and coronavirus infection: a review. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the 3rd epidemic coronavirus after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). since december 2019, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by sars-cov-2 has aroused great attention around the world. pregnant women and their fetuses have been concerned as a high-risk population. we explained why pregnant women are susceptible to coronavi ... | 2020 | 33125977 |
| available compounds with therapeutic potential against covid-19: antimicrobial therapies, supportive care, and probable vaccines. | the recent outbreak of the covid-2019 (coronavirus disease 2019) due to the infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has realized the requirement of alternative therapeutics to mitigate and alleviate this lethal infection. these alternative therapies are effective when they are started at the initial stage of the infection. some drugs that were used in previous other related infections sars-cov-2003 and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)-2012 c ... | 2020 | 33123014 |
| severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and has created a worldwide pandemic. many patients with this infection have an asymptomatic or mild illness, but a small percentage of patients require hospitalization and intensive care. patients with respiratory tract involvement have a spectrum of presentations that range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates to diffuse infiltrates with consolidation. patients with the latter r ... | 2020 | 33098401 |
| detailed molecular interactions of favipiravir with sars-cov-2, sars-cov, mers-cov, and influenza virus polymerases in silico. | favipiravir was initially developed as an antiviral drug against influenza and is currently used in clinical trials against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection (covid-19). this agent is presumably involved in rna chain termination during influenza virus replication, although the molecular interactions underlying its potential impact on the coronaviruses including sars-cov-2, sars-cov, and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) remain unclear. w ... | 2020 | 33092045 |
| impact of lockdown on air quality over major cities across the globe during covid-19 pandemic. | in present study, the variation in concentration of key air pollutants such as pm2.5, pm10, no2, so2 and o3 during the pre-lockdown and post-lockdown phase has been investigated. in addition, the monthly concentration of air pollutants in march, april and may of 2020 is also compared with that of 2019 to unfold the effect of restricted emissions under similar meteorological conditions. to evaluate the global impact of covid-19 on the air quality, ground-based data from 162 monitoring stations fr ... | 2020 | 33083215 |
| rapid differential diagnosis of seven human respiratory coronaviruses based on centrifugal microfluidic nucleic acid assay. | with the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the highly infective, highly pathogenic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has attracted great attention. currently, a method to simultaneously diagnose the seven known types human coronaviruses remains lacking and is urgently needed. in this work, we successfully developed a portable microfluidic system for the rapid, accurate, and simultaneous detection of sars-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome ... | 2020 | 33073982 |
| small non-coding rnas: do they encode answers for controlling sars-cov-2 in the future? | sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the current covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which has hit the world since december 2019. it has spread to about 216 countries worldwide, affecting more than 21.7 million people so far. although clinical trials of a number of promising antiviral drugs and vaccines against covid-19 are underway, it is hard to predict how successful these drug- or vaccine-based therapeutics are eventual ... | 2020 | 33072032 |
| learning from the past: development of safe and effective covid-19 vaccines. | the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has elicited an equally rapid response aiming to develop a covid-19 vaccine. these efforts are encouraging; however, comprehensive efficacy and safety evaluations are essential in the development of a vaccine, and we can learn from previous vaccine development campaigns. in this perspective, we summarize examples of vaccine-associated disease enhancement in the history of developing vaccines against respiratory sync ... | 2020 | 33067570 |
| sars-cov-2: previous coronaviruses, immune response, and development of vaccines. | since the emergence of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in china at the end of 2019, when its characteristics were practically unknown, one aspect was evident: its high contagion rate. this high infection rate resulted in the spread of the virus in china, europe, and, eventually, the rest of the world, including mexico. at present, around 9 million people are infected, and around 470,000 have died worldwide. in this context, the need to generate protective imm ... | 2020 | 33064679 |
| a systematic review of sars-cov-2 vaccine candidates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is an emerging virus that is highly pathogenic and has caused the recent worldwide pandemic officially named coronavirus disease (covid-19). currently, considerable efforts have been put into developing effective and safe drugs and vaccines against sars-cov-2. vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and vector vaccines, have already entered clinical trials. in this review, we provide an overview of the expe ... | 2020 | 33051445 |
| emergency management at the health and security interface. | the world has recently witnessed the global impact of natural disease outbreaks, such as those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), ebola virus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the lasting impact of the accidental spread of foot and mouth disease in the united kingdom. natural outbreaks, of both emerging and re-emerging diseases, can have significant impacts on local, national and regional communities. an effective response to these outbrea ... | 2020 | 33046925 |
| mecas12a, a highly sensitive and specific system for covid-19 detection. | cas12a-based systems, which detect specific nucleic acids via collateral cleavage of reporter dna, display huge potentials for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. here, the manganese-enhanced cas12a (mecas12a) system is described, where manganese is used to increase the detection sensitivity up to 13-fold, enabling the detection of target rnas as low as five copies. mecas12a is also highly specific, and is able to distinguish between single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) differing by a sing ... | 2020 | 33042732 |
| potential roles of medicinal plants for the treatment of viral diseases focusing on covid-19: a review. | the whole world is entangled by the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), people are dying in thousands each day, and without an actual medication, it seems not possible for the bringing this global health crisis to a stop. natural products have been in constant use since ancient times and are proven by time to be effective. crude extract or pure compounds isolated from medicinal plants and/or herbs such as artemisia annua ... | 2020 | 33037698 |
| an assessment on impact of covid-19 infection in a gender specific manner. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). it was first time reported in december 2019 in wuhan, china and thereafter quickly spread across the globe. till september 19, 2020, covid-19 has spread to 216 countries and territories. severe infection of sars-cov-2 cause extreme increase in inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that may lead to multi-organ damage and respiratory failure. currently, no specific treat ... | 2020 | 33029768 |
| understanding the community perceptions and knowledge of bats and transmission of nipah virus in bangladesh. | bats are known reservoirs of nipah virus (niv) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). while bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people's knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. the current study aimed to ... | 2020 | 33028047 |
| systemic medications of dermatological importance in covid-19. | early december 2019 witnessed an international outbreak of a novel coronavirus (covid 19) designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). since then, a number of therapeutic molecules have been explored to have potential efficacy against the sars-cov-2 per se or its sequelae. there are no food and drug administration specific therapies approved so far; however, numerous drugs based on varying levels of evidence, in vitro studies and compassionate drug trials are being es ... | 2020 | 33026746 |
| computational analysis of sars-cov-2, sars-cov, and mers-cov genome using mega. | the novel coronavirus pandemic that has originated from china and spread throughout the world in three months. genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) predecessor, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) play an important role in understanding the concept of genetic variation. in this paper, the genomic data accessed from national center for biotechnology information (ncbi) through molecul ... | 2020 | 33017874 |
| the sars-cov-2 pandemic course in saudi arabia: a dynamic epidemiological model. | saudi arabia ranks second in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) cases in the eastern mediterranean region. it houses the two most sacred religious places for muslims: mecca and medina. it is important to know what the trend in case numbers will be in the next 4-6 months, especially during the hajj pilgrimage season. | 2020 | 33015424 |
| evaluation of neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic coronaviruses: a detailed protocol for a rapid evaluation of neutralizing antibodies using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirus-based assay. | emerging highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (covs) represent a serious ongoing threat to the public health worldwide. the spike (s) proteins of covs are surface glycoproteins that facilitate viral entry into host cells via attachment to their respective cellular receptors. the s protein is believed to be a major immunogenic component of covs and a target for neutralizing antibodies (nabs) and most candidate vaccines. development of a safe and convenient assay is thus urgently needed to determ ... | 2020 | 33013745 |
| valinomycin as a potential antiviral agent against coronaviruses: a review. | human coronaviruses (hcovs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), have been resulting in global epidemics with heavy morbidity and mortality. unfortunately, there are currently no specific medicines that can better treat these coronaviruses. drug repurposing is an effective and economical strategy for drug discovery from existing drugs, natural ... | 2020 | 33012699 |
| a case of delivery of a pregnant woman with covid-19 infection in daegu, korea. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which is affiliated with the β-coronavirus subgroup, which includes sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), but is far more infectious than the 2. because it is potentially life-threatening to infants and pregnant women with weak immune systems, clinical manifestations and vertical transmission of covid-19 are matters of interest. staff of the obstetrics de ... | 2020 | 33012160 |
| peptide nucleic acid (pna)-enhanced specificity of a dual-target real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay for the detection and differentiation of sars-cov-2 from related viruses. | the threat posed by coronaviruses to human health has necessitated the development of a highly specific and sensitive viral detection method that could differentiate between the currently circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and other sars-related coronaviruses (sarsr-covs). in this study, we developed a peptide nucleic acid (pna)-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay targeting the n gene to efficiently discriminate sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 33007999 |
| targeting the sphk-s1p-sipr pathway as a potential therapeutic approach for covid-19. | the world is currently experiencing the worst health pandemic since the spanish flu in 1918-the covid-19 pandemic-caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). this pandemic is the world's third wake-up call this century. in 2003 and 2012, the world experienced two major coronavirus outbreaks, sars-cov-1 and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), causing major respiratory tract infections. at present, there is neither a vaccine nor a cu ... | 2020 | 33003377 |
| development and optimization of in-house elisa for detection of human igg antibody to sars-cov-2 full length spike protein. | the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), poses a threat to human health. despite this, many affected countries are now in the process of gradual lifting of covid-19 restrictions that were initially implemented in response to the pandemic. the success of the so-called "exit strategy" requires continued surveillance of virus circulation in the community and evaluation of the prevalence of protective im ... | 2020 | 32998438 |
| potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol against sars-cov-2. | novel coronavirus covid-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), are human pathogens. current pandemics of sars-cov-2 represents a major health problem worldwide, with over four million cases and more than 300,000 deaths in the world. development of effective therapy thus became an emergency. this report aims to highlight resveratrol as possib ... | 2020 | 32985211 |
| thermodynamic equilibrium dose-response models for mers-cov infection reveal a potential protective role of human lung mucus but not for sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infect the human respiratory tract. a prototype thermodynamic equilibrium model is presented here for the probability of the virions getting through the mucus barrier and infecting epithelial cells based on the binding affinity (kmucin) of the virions to mucin molecules in the mucus and parameters for binding and infection of the epithelial cell. both mers-cov and sars-cov-2 b ... | 2020 | 32984489 |
| seizures and epilepsy in times of corona virus disease 2019 pandemic. | the end of the year 2019 was marked by novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, sars-cov-2) outbreak in china that rapidly spread to the rest of the world. while the involvement of the lower respiratory system causing pneumonia is identified as the primary target of the virus, extra-pulmonary manifestations, especially of the central nervous system, are also being increasingly reported. previous research on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and sars-cov have ... | 2020 | 32983949 |
| evasion of type i interferon by sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) replication and host immune response determine coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), but studies evaluating viral evasion of immune response are lacking. here, we use unbiased screening to identify sars-cov-2 proteins that antagonize type i interferon (ifn-i) response. we found three proteins that antagonize ifn-i production via distinct mechanisms: nonstructural protein 6 (nsp6) binds tank binding kinase 1 (tbk1) to suppress interferon ... | 2020 | 32979938 |
| current approaches for target-specific drug discovery using natural compounds against sars-cov-2 infection. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) recently caused a pandemic outbreak called coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). this disease has initially been reported in china and also now it is expeditiously spreading around the globe directly among individuals through coughing and sneezing. since it is a newly emerging viral disease and obviously there is a lack of anti-sars-cov-2 therapeutic agents, it is urgently required to develop an effective anti-sars-cov-2-agent.throu ... | 2020 | 32979476 |
| minimum sizes of respiratory particles carrying sars-cov-2 and the possibility of aerosol generation. | this study calculates and elucidates the minimum size of respiratory particles that are potential carriers of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2); furthermore, it evaluates the aerosol generation potential of sars-cov-2. the calculations are based on experimental results and theoretical models. in the case of maximum viral-loading derived from experimental data of covid-19 patients, 7.18 × 10-4% of a respiratory fluid particle from a covid-19 patient is occupied by s ... | 2020 | 32977575 |
| an association between exposure to middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | our objective was to find an association between exposure of a population to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and mortality rate due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) across different countries worldwide. | 2020 | 32965011 |
| in vitro virucidal effect of intranasally delivered chlorpheniramine maleate compound against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | background the initial global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019) pandemic, which is responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (sars-cov-2), shares similarities with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and behaves similarly to influenza with a high intranasal viral load. the genome sequence of covid-19 opened the opportunity for multiple in vitro and clinical trials, but we ... | 2020 | 32963923 |
| assessment of proton-coupled conformational dynamics of sars and mers coronavirus papain-like proteases: implication for designing broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors. | broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to stop the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and prevent future ones. the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is related to the sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which have caused the previous outbreaks. the papain-like protease (plpro) is an attractive drug target due to its essential roles in the viral life cycle. as a cysteine protease, plpro is rich in cysteines and histidin ... | 2020 | 32962355 |
| perspectives on development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection has been characterized by the world health organization (who) as a controllable global pandemic. the spike (s) glycoprotein mediates binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor for virus entry and also services as the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies, making it an attractive and leading viral antigen for vaccine development. no vacc ... | 2020 | 32961082 |
| free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of sars-cov-2 spike protein. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), represents a global crisis. key to sars-cov-2 therapeutic development is unraveling the mechanisms that drive high infectivity, broad tissue tropism, and severe pathology. our 2.85-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of sars-cov-2 spike (s) glycoprotein reveals that the receptor binding domains tightly bind the essential free fatty acid linoleic acid (la) in three composite bindin ... | 2020 | 32958580 |
| prevalence of depression during the sars, mers, and covid-19 pandemics: a protocol for overview of systematic reviews. | the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide. covid-19 marks the emergence of the third large-scale epidemic related to the coronavirus, after sars-cov in 2002 and middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) in 2012. the pandemic has had a harmful effect on the public mental health, especially on depression. increasing systema ... | 2020 | 32957366 |
| clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized covid-19 patients in a mers-cov endemic area. | the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) reported 170,639 cases and 1430 deaths from covid-19 since the first case emerged in the country on march 2 through june 25, 2020. the objective of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome observed among 99 hospitalized covid-19 patients in the largest academic hospital in ksa, and assess co-infection with the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). | 2020 | 32954712 |
| a commentary on "a comparative overview of covid-19, mers and sars: review article" (international journal of surgery 2020; 81:1-8). | | 2020 | 32927142 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus. | antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) exists in several kinds of virus. it has a negative influence on antibody therapy for viral infection. this effect was first identified in dengue virus and has since also been described for coronavirus. to date, the rapid spread of the newly emerged coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has affected over 3.8 million people across the globe. the novel coronavirus poses a great ch ... | 2020 | 32920233 |
| unlocking covid therapeutic targets: a structure-based rationale against sars-cov-2, sars-cov and mers-cov spike. | there are no approved target therapeutics against sars-cov-2 or other beta-covs. the beta-cov spike protein is a promising target considering the critical role in viral infection and pathogenesis and its surface exposed features. we performed a structure-based strategy targeting highly conserved druggable regions resulting from a comprehensive large-scale sequence analysis and structural characterization of spike domains across sarsr- and mersr-covs. we have disclosed 28 main consensus druggable ... | 2020 | 32913581 |
| a structured review of placental morphology and histopathological lesions associated with sars-cov-2 infection. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a novel coronavirus, was first identified after a cluster of cases in wuhan, china in december 2019. whether vertical transmission or placental pathology might occur following maternal infection during pregnancy remains unknown. this review aimed to summarise all studies that examined the placenta or neonates following infection with sars-cov-2, or closely related highly pathogenic coronavirus (sars-cov-1, or the middle east respi ... | 2020 | 32911234 |
| the emerging sars-cov-2 papain-like protease: its relationship with recent coronavirus epidemics. | the papain-like protease (plpro ) is an important enzyme for coronavirus polyprotein processing, as well as for virus-host immune suppression. previous studies reveal that a molecular analysis of plpro indicates the catalytic activity of viral plpro and its interactions with ubiquitin. by using sequence comparisons, molecular models, and protein-protein interaction maps, plpro was compared in the three recorded fatal cov epidemics, which involved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( ... | 2020 | 32902889 |
| convalescent plasma therapy: a promising coronavirus disease 2019 treatment strategy. | the world is passing through a very difficult phase due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which has disrupted almost all spheres of life. globally, according to the latest world health organization report (10 august 2020), covid-19 has affected nearly 20 million lives, causing 728 013 deaths. due to the lack of specific therapeutic drugs and vaccines, the outbreak of disease has spawned a corpus of contagious infection all over the world, day by day, without control. as the se ... | 2020 | 32898468 |
| occurrence, fates and potential treatment approaches for removal of viruses from wastewater: a review with emphasis on sars-cov-2. | the world is combating the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by novel coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). further, due to the presence of sars-cov-2 in sewage and stool samples, its transmission through water routes cannot be neglected. thus, the efficient treatment of wastewater is a matter of utmost importance. the conventional wastewater treatment processes demonstrate a wide variability in absolute removal of viruses from wastewate ... | 2020 | 32895629 |
| a comparison of covid-19, sars and mers. | in mid-december 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in wuhan, hubei province, china and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 novel coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). as of 19 may 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with sars-cov-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorde ... | 2020 | 32879801 |
| antiviral therapy for coronavirus disease 2019. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the cause of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in wuhan city, china. the sars-cov-2 is genetically similar to the coronavirus derived from bat. the sars-cov-2, the sars-cov and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) all belong to beta coronavirus. since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, effective antiviral drugs have become a hot issue in the world. very little about sars-cov-2 is known and th ... | 2020 | 32879113 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 impact on the central nervous system: are astrocytes and microglia main players or merely bystanders? | with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) cases surpassing the 18 million mark around the globe, there is an imperative need to gain comprehensive understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). although the main clinical manifestations of covid-19 are associated with respiratory or intestinal symptoms, reports of neurological signs and symptoms are increasing. the etiology of these neurological manifestations remains obscure, and probably involves several ... | 2020 | 32878468 |
| discovery of human coronaviruses pan-papain-like protease inhibitors using computational approaches. | the papain-like protease (plpro) is vital for the replication of coronaviruses (covs), as well as for escaping innate-immune responses of the host. hence, it has emerged as an attractive antiviral drug-target. in this study, computational approaches were employed, mainly the structure-based virtual screening coupled with all-atom molecular dynamics (md) simulations to computationally identify specific inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) plpro, that can be f ... | 2020 | 32874702 |
| ocular symptoms of sars-cov-2: indication of possible ocular transmission or viral shedding. | the recently identified novel coronavirus (cov), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). while published data about other highly infectious human covs [that is, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)] provide helpful information about the infectivity of sars-cov-2, there is limited understanding surrounding knowledge of ocular manifestati ... | 2020 | 32870054 |
| covid-19: a multidisciplinary review. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is a novel coronavirus that is responsible for the 2019-2020 pandemic. in this comprehensive review, we discuss the current published literature surrounding the sars-cov-2 virus. we examine the fundamental concepts including the origin, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, laboratory, radiology, and histopathologic findings, complications, and treatment. given that much of the information has been extrapolated fr ... | 2020 | 32850602 |
| biomedical application, drug delivery and metabolic pathway of antiviral nanotherapeutics for combating viral pandemic: a review. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a neoteric virus belonging to the beta coronavirus class has created a global health concern, responsible for an outbreak of severe acute respiratory illness, the covid-19 pandemic. infected hosts exhibit diverse clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms in their genital organs, respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems. considering the high transmissibility (r0: ≤6.0) compared to middle east respiratory sy ... | 2020 | 32846177 |
| sars-cov-2 presented in the air of an intensive care unit (icu). | as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is spreading worldwide, there have been arguments regarding the aerosol transmission of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). moreover, some re-detectable positive (rp) patients have been reported. however, little attention has been given to the follow-up of recovered patients, and there is no environmental evidence to determine whether these patients continue to shed the virus after they test negative. therefore ... | 2020 | 32837871 |
| bcg vaccination strategy implemented to reduce the impact of covid-19: hype or hope? | the bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine (bcg vaccine) designed to prevent tuberculosis in children has been shown to induce a adaptive immune response in the body to fight against bacteria as well as other parasites and viruses. this knowledge has been reciprocated to generate the idea that this vaccine can also offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). some recent pre-print articles have highlighted that countries with mass bcg immunizations seems to ha ... | 2020 | 32835211 |
| bioactive natural compounds against human coronaviruses: a review and perspective. | coronaviruses (covs), a family of enveloped positive-sense rna viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface, unusually large rna genome, and unique replication capability. covs are known to cause various potentially lethal human respiratory infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and the very recent coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak. unfortunately, neither drug nor vaccine has yet ... | 2020 | 32834947 |
| does hereditary angioedema make covid-19 worse? | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the causative agent for covid-19, enters host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and depletes ace2, which is necessary for bradykinin metabolism. the depletion of ace2 results in the accumulation of des-arg (9)-bradykinin and possible bradykinin, both of which bind to bradykinin receptors and induce vasodilation, lung injury, and inflammation. ... | 2020 | 32834893 |
| broad anti-coronavirus activity of food and drug administration-approved drugs against sars-cov-2 in vitro and sars-cov in vivo. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in china at the end of 2019 and has rapidly caused a pandemic, with over 20 million recorded covid-19 cases in august 2020 (https://covid19.who.int/). there are no fda-approved antivirals or vaccines for any coronavirus, including sars-cov-2. current treatments for covid-19 are limited to supportive therapies and off-label use of fda-approved drugs. rapid development and human testing of potential antivirals is urgently needed. ... | 2020 | 32817221 |
| containment of covid-19: the unprecedented response of saudi arabia. | the emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), from wuhan, china, in december 2019 has challenged many countries. the current pandemic caused by this coronavirus has already negatively affected millions of people and the economies of countries worldwide. however, the challenges faced by saudi arabia during the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) epidemic that began in 2012 led to marked improvements in the government's resp ... | 2020 | 32794457 |
| coronavirus spectrum infections (covid-19, mers, sars) in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature. | coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) has spread rapidly around the world to become a global pandemic. there is limited data on the impact of covid-19 among patients with cancer. | 2020 | 32787597 |
| proton pump inhibitors are risk factors for viral infections: even for covid-19? | during the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), more attention should be paid to the balance of risks and benefits associated with proton pump inhibitors for the following reasons. one of the main functions of gastric juice is to inactivate swallowed microorganisms, thereby inhibiting infectious agents from reaching the intestine. studies have documented that proton pump inhibitors are a risk factor for rotavirus, influenza virus, norovirus, and middl ... | 2020 | 32779119 |
| coronavirus diseases 2019: current biological situation and potential therapeutic perspective. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) was first reported in wuhan, china at the end of december 2019. sars-cov-2 is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus and closely related to the severe acute respiratory coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). the covid-19 was declared as a global pandemic due to its high infectiousness, and worldwide morbidities and mortalities. the chinese scientis ... | 2020 | 32763302 |
| covid-19: the immune responses and clinical therapy candidates. | the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), with rising numbers of patients worldwide, presents an urgent need for effective treatments. to date, there are no therapies or vaccines that are proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). several potential candidates or repurposed drugs are under investigation, including drugs that inhibit sars-cov-2 replication and block infection. the most promising therapy to date is remdesivir, which is us ... | 2020 | 32756480 |
| obstetric hospital preparedness for a pandemic: an obstetric critical care perspective in response to covid-19. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has had a rapid and deadly onset, spreading quickly throughout the world. pregnant patients have had high mortality rates, perinatal losses, and intensive care unit (icu) admissions from acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in the past. potentially, a surge of patients may require hospitalization and icu c ... | 2020 | 32745072 |
| a comparative overview of covid-19, mers and sars: review article. | following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), a third, highly pathogenic coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) appearing at end of 2019 led to a pandemic, increased panic and attracted global attention. this review analyzes the epidemiology, etiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and sequelae of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), the middle east resp ... | 2020 | 32730205 |
| epidemiology of paediatric middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and implications for the control of coronavirus virus disease 2019. | to compare the clinical features of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection between paediatric and adult cases. | 2020 | 32729192 |
| advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of covid-19. | since the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). this article introduced the origin, virological characteristics and epide ... | 2020 | 32714083 |
| the potential effects of dpp-4 inhibitors on cardiovascular system in covid-19 patients. | with the outbreak of a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the public healthcare systems are facing great challenges. coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) could develop into severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. remarkably, in addition to the respiratory symptoms, some covid-19 patients also suffer from cardiovascular injuries. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dpp-4) is a ubiquitous glycoprotein which could act both as a c ... | 2020 | 32713161 |