| migration patterns and the effects of migration on household structure and production in an east anatolian village. | the impact of migration on an east anatolian village in turkey is analyzed. data are from a survey conducted in 1980-1981 of the 70 households in the village. changes in migration patterns over time are described. the author notes that, despite ongoing contact between migrants and the village of origin, the impact of migration on the village's economic situation has been slight. | 1988 | 12315353 |
| development and human resources in the islamic world: a study of selected countries. | "the present paper attempts to provide an analytical profile of development and human resources in [12] selected [islamic] countries." the countries--bangladesh, somalia, pakistan, indonesia, egypt, turkey, malaysia, algeria, iraq, saudi arabia, kuwait, and united arab emirates--vary in income levels from low to high and in population size from 1 million to 159 million. using data from the world bank and the population council, comparisons are made on the basis of mortality and fertility levels ... | 1987 | 12315536 |
| spotlight: turkey. | turkey's population stood at 55.4 million in 1989, with a 2.2% rate of natural increase. there were 30 births/1000 population (total fertility rate of 3.7) and 8 deaths/1000 population (infant mortality rate of 81/1000 live births). until 1965, the government of turkey pursued a pronatalist population policy. however, a 1965 law allows individual freedom in determining one's family size and legalized contraception. family planning service delivery programs have been integrated into numerous ... | 1990 | 12316015 |
| outputs far exceeding inputs: the first multimedia communication campaign in turkey. | the turkish population (50.7 million at the 1983 census) is growing at a yearly rate of 2.5% and will double in 33 years. the primary problem in turkey is the lack of contraceptive knowledge. the turkish family health and planning foundation (tfhpf) was founded in 1985 to improve and expand family planning and health services. in 1988, tfhpf started an information, education, and communication (iec) campaign to contribute to the family planning (fp) campaign, to increase the use of modern fp ... | 1990 | 12316325 |
| family planning for seasonal migrant workers in adana province, turkey. | a new project supported by the pathfinder fund to serve migrant farm workers has been developed in adana province, a populous region in southern turkey. the economy their is primarily agricultural, with some heavy industry. as estimated 100,000 migrant workers are needed to planting and harvesting in this region. they make between $55-$60 a month, which is about 1/3 of the minimum age. most migrant workers travel long distances to adana where they live in tents. living conditions are poor, ... | 1990 | 12316753 |
| turkey: distribution of cities and change over time. | patterns of urbanization in turkey from 1945 to 1975 are examined, with emphasis on the analysis of rank-size patterns. attention is given to changes over time in the national rank-size distribution of cities, the growth rates of new cities, and the rank-size distribution of cities in various regions. "in general, the patterns of distribution of cities in turkey are quite regular when compared with other developing countries. since 1945 the city system has moved to a state more adjusted to th ... | 1986 | 12341342 |
| [the emigration of turks from bulgaria: past and present. part 1: emigration from 1878 to 1951]. | emigration trends among the turkish minority population in bulgaria are reviewed for the period 1878-1951. seven phases of emigration are identified, and their causes are discussed. | 1989 | 12316786 |
| postpartum contraception: perspectives from clients and providers in six countries. | this article presents preliminary findings of a study conducted by the association for voluntary surgical contraception (avsc) designed to investigate women's interest in postpartum contraception and the preferred timing for getting information. a pioneering study, avsc's research took place in colombia, the dominican republic, india, kenya, mali, and turkey. in each countries, avsc conducted 4-6 focus groups with pregnant women, interviews with 100 postpartum women, and interviews with 30 ser ... | 1991 | 12317155 |
| spatial economy and integrative labor in turkey: an ecological, modernization, and world-system investigation. | studies testing theories of urban primacy and foreign penetration in developing nations largely support the premise that these phenomena both prevail and negatively impact economic growth in developing nations. this paper, however, presents results of a study of turkey as an exception to patterns reflective of the world-system model and dependency theory found in ideal-typic developing nations. theoretically, 1 or 2 major urban centers may distort and fragment the spatial economy of a developin ... | 1991 | 12317606 |
| [international migration, agriculture, and development: reflections from some case studies]. | the author examines the relationships among migration, agricultural development, and economic development in the labor-exporting countries of algeria, morocco, tunisia, and turkey. she finds that "massive migration contributes much more to the growth of the service sector than to agricultural or industrial development in the countries of departure." (summary in eng and fre) | 1993 | 12318051 |
| labor migration from turkey to western europe. an analytical review from its commencement (early 60s) to the recruitment halt (1973-74). | "by joining the migratory labor movement to western europe in the early 1960s, turkey, for the first time in its history, began showing signs of becoming a country of large scale economic emigration. it is here argued that the growth of the number of turkish workers in europe during the recruitment period, and their becoming the largest of the foreign labor contingents in germany and the netherlands, was due to the exhaustion of the other suppliers' labor reserves. taking into account other vi ... | 1995 | 12319592 |
| habitat ii: city summit to forge the future of human settlements in an urbanizing world. | half of the world's population will be living in cities by the year 2000. 40% of urban residents worldwide, however, do not have access to safe drinking water or adequate sanitation and more than 60% of urban residents in some areas live in poverty. unemployment, homelessness, growing insecurity, rising pollution, and increasing vulnerability to disaster abound in cities. to discuss what can be done to cope with the overwhelming tide of urbanization, un member states will convene in istanbul ... | 1996 | 12320141 |
| [turkish immigrants in western europe: with reference to the german case]. | "the export of surplus manpower to western europe has been an important feature of the turkish employment policy since the 1960s....professional education, set up in the receiving countries for foreign workers, has played a vital role on the employment opportunities. this is particularly the case of germany, where the greatest number of turkish immigrants have settled. second generation children of turkish descent are in fact more and more encouraged to attend professional schools, since the ger ... | 1996 | 12320686 |
| [contraceptive methods used in istanbul and factors affecting method choice and continuation]. | this paper presents and discusses the results of a collaborative research to investigate use of modern versus traditional contraceptive methods in a new settlement area in istanbul. two lay interviewers administered a questionnaire to a total of 867 women on current and past contraceptive use. 90% (778) of the 867 currently nonpregnant women of mean age 31.4 years were using a method of contraception at the time of the study. the majority of women practicing contraception (46%) employed withd ... | 1996 | 12320795 |
| operational research for an effective information and training approach for surgical contraception knowledge and attitude in turkey. | although 70% of all currently married women in turkey state that they do not want to have any more children, only 34.5% use modern contraceptive methods and 28.1% use traditional methods such as withdrawal. women in turkey have 17 induced abortions for every 100 pregnancies. voluntary surgical contraception (vsc) was legalized in 1983, but it was inadequately and poorly presented to the public as a viable contraceptive option. vsc is therefore less well-known than other contraceptive methods. ... | 1996 | 12320796 |
| [marriage and immigrants from turkey and morocco]. | "in this article marriage and immigration of turkish and moroccan persons residing in the netherlands are analysed on the basis of data extracted from the municipal population registers.... about 56 thousand married turkish and moroccan women of the first generation living in the netherlands were marriage-related immigrants compared with 24 thousand married men.... most male marriage-related immigrants married women who were born in the netherlands or immigrated there as a child. many female ma ... | 1997 | 12321296 |
| migration and remigration as interdependent decisions: a bivariate probit formulation. | the literature suggests that people's migration experiences often include several episodes of locational change, with entire move sequences planned at the time of the initial migration decision. if the information contained in the available longitudinal data on individual migration histories is to be accurately interpreted, the statistical framework must be consistent with the decision process which generates the migration histories. the prospect of remigration, one of the important elements o ... | 1997 | 12321334 |
| the quality of family planning services in two low-income districts of istanbul. | this study examined quality of care (qoc) among a sample of 378 women from two low-income communities (sefakoy and halkali in kucukcekmece district) in istanbul, turkey, in 1992. data were obtained from questionnaires and site visits with structured checklists. istanbul's tfr was 2.2 in 1990, but fertility varies within the city by socioeconomic factors. the growth rate is 4.5%. sefakoy has had a home visitor project since 1991 that trains community women to serve as family planning counselo ... | 1997 | 12321336 |
| dynamics of demography and development in turkey: implications to the potential for migration to europe. | this article examines the influence of demographic trends and economic development within turkey on emigration to europe. turkey negotiated migration recruitment agreements with germany in 1961; with the netherlands, belgium, austria, france, and sweden during 1964-67. about 3 million turks presently live in western europe, which is the largest foreign population in europe. 4.8% of the turkish population are migrants to europe. the largest turkish population resides in germany (2 million mig ... | 1997 | 12321337 |
| turkey's population at the beginning of the 21st century. | this article describes the population structure in turkey over the past 70 years and presents population projections for the period 1990-2025. demographic patterns and economic development vary widely within turkey. population increased from 13 million to about 60 million during 1923-95. the annual population growth rate was 2.2%. turkey is one of the 20 most populous countries of the world. the government of turkey maintained a pronatalist policy until the mid-1960s. the population planni ... | 1997 | 12321338 |
| female-headed households in turkey and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of female household heads. | this study examines the welfare of female-headed households in turkey during 1978-93. data were obtained from the 1978 turkish fertility survey, the 1987 household income and consumption expenditures survey, the 1988 turkish population and health survey, and the 1993 turkish demographic and health survey. duben and behar (1996) report that female headship was 19.3% in 1885 and 14.7% in 1907 in istanbul. about 40% of female heads of household were living alone in 1885 and 1907. in 1993, the ... | 1997 | 12321339 |
| lifting the veil. reform vs tradition in turkey. an interview with nilofer gole. | this article is based on an interview with a turkish sociologist, nilofer gole, concerning the practice of veiling of women in turkey. turks have argued about the permissibility of veiling for over a decade. the issue of veiling marks the intersection between modernization and the islamic movement and is a symbolic marker of the meaning of women's bodies. turkish women wear a traditional long head scarf that has nothing to do with a modern islamic head scarf. turkish and indian women are pre ... | 1997 | 12321488 |
| turkey still set on universal immunization despite hurdles. | during turkey's first national immunization campaign in 1985, more than two-thirds of the country's 5 million children under age 5 years were vaccinated against the major childhood diseases. unicef declared the campaign an unprecedented national effort and forecast that india was on course for universal immunization by the end of 1986. now, with about 70% of infants under 1 year old fully immunized, turkey still has some distance to go before achieving universal coverage. a number of factors ... | 1994 | 12321778 |
| turkish women: challenges and responses. | | 1979 | 12337517 |
| [migration of foreign workers from turkey and yugoslavia]. | the author examines the effect of massive emigration on the countries of origin, using the examples of turkey and yugoslavia. various socioeconomic characteristics of these two countries, including educational background, changes in income, work opportunities, and investment opportunities, are identified. the effect of emigration on these characteristics and on the education of the labor force is examined | 1979 | 12337893 |
| antiurbanization: an implicit development policy in turkey. | this paper asserts that "antiurbanization" has become an implicit development policy among turkish policymakers. antiurbanism is used to justify policymakers' views of economic and social development. as a consequence, social policies become ineffective because they go up against forces producing urbanization and fail to consider the needs of the growing urban population. turkey has been urbanizing at a rapid rate. in 1935, only 17% of the population lived in urban areas. by 1960 the urban ... | 1980 | 12338359 |
| patterns of child morbidity and mortality in developing countries, with a special reference to turkey. | the turkish institute of population studies of hacettepe university has carried out studies to cover population characteristics by census density, age composition, fertility, mortality, urbanization, migration patterns, employment and income, health personnel distributuion, housing conditions, educational levels and family planning programs, from 1968 to 1973. according to data collected in 1975, the infant mortality rate in turkey was 128/1000 live births, a very high figure for a country wher ... | 1981 | 12339483 |
| urbanization and environment: turkey. | | 1980 | 12340053 |
| the workday routines of turkish women in federal republic of germany: results of a pilot study. | despite international economic crises which have pushed many immigrants out of employment, jobs that are insecure, unstable and poorly paid have become increasingly available, particularly to immigrant women, whose legal and economic insecurity forces them to accept such jobs. this is the case of turkish women in west germany. even within these jobs, immigrant women are exchangeable and transferable. for women, the already narrow spectrum of available employment opportunity has become even mo ... | 1984 | 12340236 |
| stress and distress in migration: problems and resources of turkish women in denmark. | data collected through interviews with 72 turkish female immigrants to denmark show that migration and the inevitable confrontation with an unfamiliar cultural mileu, create several stress producing situations, which they are unable to cope due to their multiple disadvantage of being poor, uneducated, alien and female. turkish women began arriving in denmark after 1973, in order to join male members of their families, when denmark began experiencing economic recession and rising unemployment. ... | 1984 | 12340241 |
| [illness and migration: problems of adjustment of the return migrant]. | this study analyzes some of the factors connected with the health status and the migration process of foreign workers and their families. the focus is on immigration from southern europe and turkey toward west germany and other northern european countries. it is argued that the routine medical screening of european migrants before emigration produces a positive selection with reference to health status. the elevated rates of psychosomatic disorders among foreign workers are discussed as effec ... | 1988 | 12341944 |
| cultural, religious and socio-economic factors affecting sex education in turkey. | although professional pressure groups attempted to address the need for formal sex education in the 1970's, the family planning association of turkey (fpat) has successfully introduced sex education subjects into school programs. it has also been endorsed as a major resource by the ministry of health; however, the ministry of education has been backsliding recently on sex education and in general has not generated zealous supporters of sex education. different attitudes and practices prevail. ... | 1991 | 12343170 |
| judgment of march 1989. | in march 1989 turkey's supreme court upheld a ban on women wearing scarves on university campuses. | 1989 | 12344105 |
| act no. 3444, 4 may 1988. | this turkish act makes the following changes in law relating to divorce: 1) a spouse who is at greater fault may obtain a divorce over the objection of the other spouse if raising the objection constitutes legal abuse and it appears unnecessary to continue the marriage in order to protect the interests of the spouse or children; 2) divorce by mutual consent is allowed if the marriage has lasted at least 1 year; 3) divorce after separation is allowed; 4) maintenance for a spouse who becomes needy ... | 1989 | 12344508 |
| migration pressure. | "the basic message of this paper is that migration pressure is caused by an excess supply of migration-willing people relative to migration demand in immigration countries....i will also analyse the willingness of destination countries to accept immigrants.... this article concentrates more on political (in-)stability as probably the most important determinant of migration pressure....i also focus on the enormous migration-retarding effect of stable and well defined political institutions." data ... | 1993 | 12344906 |
| achieving self-sufficiency. the turkey contraceptive social marketing project sold 2.1 million cycles of low-dose pills in 1992. | to encourage women in lower socioeconomic groups to realize the benefits of low-dose oral contraceptive (oc) use, the turkey contraceptive social marketing (csm) project was initiated in december 1991. until this time, most turkish women who used ocs could only obtain high-dose preparations. many discontinued use because of health concerns, causing the oc market to decline. working with 3 oc manufacturers, wyeth, schering, and organon csm is promoting 5 different low-dose ocs with a method-sp ... | 1993 | 12345100 |
| extensive advertising. turkey. | the turkish family health and planning foundation set out with the support of the us agency for international development in 1988 to develop a contraceptive social marketing program. it was designed to increase the availability and use of condoms and low-dose pills, while maximizing the participation of the private sector. the program would build a market using existing infrastructure; collaborate and participate with 4 major pharmaceutical companies; use all commercial products and nothing do ... | 1993 | 12345390 |
| the effects of in- and out-migration on urban growth in turkey (1965-85) and a comparison with the developed countries. | the author examines the relative weight of pull and push factors affecting rural-urban migration in turkey. data are from the 1970, 1980, and 1985 censuses. "the results of this study indicate that, for the turkish case, the effects of migration on urban growth had been contrary to those found in the developed countries, but that, as turkish development increased over the time period 1965-85, the effects of migration increasingly came to resemble those of developed countries." | 1992 | 12345711 |
| peasant struggles and social change: migration, households and gender in a rural turkish society. | "this article sheds light on the interrelationship of seasonal migration, subsistence production and peasant relations in a community (sakli) located in turkey's northwestern countryside.... while migrant labor is understood by local villagers as forming part of a continual battle to preserve local tradition and kinship ties, this article shows how it reduces the dominion of landlords while creating internal household differentiation and gendered hierarchies." | 1994 | 12345795 |
| [recent demographic trends in turkey]. | coverage of turkey's vital registration system remains incomplete, and it cannot yet be used to measure annual population changes. data and demographic indices based on the 1990 census and the 1989 national demographic survey are the most recent available. turkey's population in 1990 was 56 million. the proportion urban increased to 59% from 49.2% in 1980. nearly 35% of the population was under 15 years old, and the median age was 21.6 for males and 22.3 for females. the average age at firs ... | 1993 | 12345976 |
| recent developments in east-west migration: turkey and the petty traders. | the authors analyze contemporary migration movements in turkey, with a focus on labor migrants and turkey's status as a receiving country. recent migration trends to turkey are briefly reviewed, and implications within the context of emerging east-west migration policies are considered. (summary in fre and spa) | 1994 | 12346102 |
| sex preferences in turkey. | the analysis of data from the 1988 turkish population and health survey showed an overall sex ratio of 103 males per 100 females. the sex ratio was 125 for women with one child and 95 for women with 5 or more children. the sex ratio was 119 for the last child and 94 for all children. the sex ratio was 74 for women desiring another child and 108 for women wanting no more children. the sex ratio was high for women who wanted to stop childbearing after the first birth. the implication was that ... | 1993 | 12346150 |
| [a study on the bias of infant mortality rates]. | this article focuses on the fact that the infant mortality rate, which is calculated by dividing the number of infant deaths in a given year by the number of live infant births for that year, may incorporate certain errors which can be attributed to data gathering methods. it is pointed out that one of these errors may stem from the fact that the number of infant deaths used to calculate the infant mortality rate in a given year may in fact include deaths of babies born in the previous year. i ... | 1993 | 12346151 |
| the impact of migration on gender roles: findings of field research in turkey. | findings are based on a sample of four types of turkish women affected by migration: 1) pioneer women who emigrated on their own (33 persons); 2) followers with wage work experience, who joined or left with husbands (44 persons); 3) followers without wage work experience (39 persons); and 4) women left behind when husbands migrated (45 persons). these women are compared to a non-migrant control group (54 persons). sample surveys were conducted in three sites, which varied in levels of industri ... | 1994 | 12346405 |
| computer-aided field editing in dhs: the turkey experiment. | a study comparing field editing using a notebook computer, computer-aided field editing (cafe), with that done manually in the standard manner, during the 1993 demographic and health survey (dhs) in turkey, demonstrated that there was less missing data and a lower mean number of errors for teams using cafe. 6 of 13 teams used cafe in the turkey experiment; the computers were equipped with integrated system for survey analysis (issa) software for editing the dhs questionnaires. the cafe teams c ... | 1995 | 12346428 |
| postcoital contraception in turkey. | the purpose of this article is to determine the knowledge status of women concerning postcoital contraception when they turn to curettage in order to terminate an undesired pregnancy. | 2003 | 12566189 |
| turkish women show preference for small families. | a brief summary is provided of results from the 1993 turkish demographic and health survey on women's family size preferences. over 66% of married women 15-49 years old reported a desire to stop childbearing, and 14% desired a delay of at least 2 years in future childbearing. the ideal family size was reported as 2.4 children per woman, while the total fertility rate was 2.7 children per woman. 33% of births in the 5 years before the survey were unwanted or mistimed. 63% of married women use ... | 1995 | 12346433 |
| pesticide poisonings reported to the drug and poison information center in izmir, turkey. | this study analyzed poisonings caused by pesticides that were reported to drug and poison information center (dpic), in izmir from 1993 to 2001. patient demographics, type of the pesticide, distribution according to month and year, route and reason for exposure, clinical effects and outcome were analyzed from 25,572 poisoning calls. pesticide intoxications accounted for 8.8% of the poisonings, with 80.3% insecticides and 19.7% rodenticides. the majority of poisonings ranged from 0 to 6 y (28.2%) ... | 2003 | 12583703 |
| family size preferences in turkey. | data from the 1983 turkish fertility contraceptive prevalence and family health survey results were used to analyze the family size preferences of currently married turkish women. the mean desired family size, which was 3.03 in 1978, was 2.7 in 1983. there were considerable differences in the mean number of children desired among regions and places of residence. the difference between the most developed region, the west, and the least developed region, the east, was 1 child. the mean number ... | 1988 | 12342132 |
| fatal poisonings in the aegean region of turkey. | between january 1996 and november 2000, 4,251 autopsies were performed at the council of forensic medicine, morgue specialization office, izmir, turkey. among these medicolegal autopsies, 331 fatal poisoning cases (206 men and 125 women) were evaluated retrospectively for their legal investigation results, autopsy findings, and reports of toxicological analyses. the most common cause of fatal poisoning was insecticides (43%). then followed carbon monoxide (27%) and alcohol (20%). among the insec ... | 2003 | 12678301 |
| [health services and health economics]. | there are limited economic analyses of health services in turkey. in order to attain more effective health care services, it is necessary to determine their costs, benefits and merits. progress towards a healthier and more productive society will be expedited by reducing inequalities through such efforts. economic analysis is an important decision making tool in tackling various health service decisions relating to the level, time, and place of service as well as the benefits and effectivenes ... | 1988 | 12342133 |
| [regression analysis for infant mortality in turkey]. | different variables impacting infant mortality are examined and stepwise regression analysis is employed to determine which of these variables have a greater impact on infant mortality. the independent variables examined are: level of education of the parents; degree of development of the geographical region; type of housing; interval between births; number of deaths under the age of 1 year per woman of childbearing age. initially, due to the different degrees of variation between the indepen ... | 1988 | 12342134 |
| [nuclear families in turkey]. | this study examines the household or family types in turkey in 1983, especially nuclear families. nuclear families constitute 61.6% of all households in turkey, and the majority of them are in the west and the central regions. the highest % of nuclear families was found in the mediterranean regions, and the lowest in the black sea region. among all nuclear families, 87% of them consist of husband, wife and children, whereas 13% of them have only husband and wife. nuclear families without chi ... | 1988 | 12342135 |
| labour migration from turkey. | this study is concerned with turkish labor migration to western europe. earlier and recent patterns of labor migration, characteristics of migrants by occupation, area of destination, and by geographical origins are discussed. economic and demographic consequences of labor migration are also analyzed. it is estimated that turkey's population will reach 73 million at the year 2000 with the present growth rate of 2.48% annually. considering the efforts made to slow down the present high fertil ... | 1988 | 12342136 |
| teaching embryology to undergraduates in the faculty of education at dokuz eylul university in izmir, turkey. | this report reviews the way in which classical embryology is taught and interpreted at the buca faculty of education, in dokuz eylul university (turkey). this university is one of the leading teacher-education institutions in turkey. my course is taught with appreciation of the fact that students are thinking ideologically rather than scientifically with regard to creationism and evolution in both cognitive and educational processes. however, this ideological orientation, along with lack of clas ... | 2003 | 12705661 |
| [less immigrants and more emigrants in 1988]. | international migration to and from the netherlands in 1988 is examined and compared to 1987 migration patterns. findings indicate an increase in turkish and moroccan migration to the netherlands and an increase of dutch nationals migrating to other european countries. (summary in eng) | 1989 | 12342494 |
| survey report: turkey. | the 1988 turkish population and health survey revealed small but significant shifts in attitudes toward marriage and family size ideals. the survey collected information from 5257 ever-married women of reproductive age and 2264 husbands of these women. the average age at marriage in turkey has risen from 17.6 years in 1983 to 18.2 years in 1988; the proportion of single women under 25 years of age increased by 17% in this same period. analysis of fertility data indicate a decline from 4.1 child ... | 1990 | 12342940 |
| [turkish migration in europe. a dynamic definition of a migration network: circulation and diasporas]. | current migration trends of turks in europe are analyzed. in particular, the author examines the extent to which turkish migration represents an example of a circulatory migration system, and the extent to which the turkish population overseas is a diaspora. | 1994 | 12347249 |
| airborne pollen calendar of izmir - turkey. | a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of pollen concentration in the atmosphere of izmir metropolitan area is presented. investigations were undertaken from november 1998 to october 1999 using gravimetric method. the aeroplynological studies revealed that at lower level (1.60 m) pollen from 29 woody and 30 herbaceous taxa were determined, whereas at higher level (20 m) pollen from 26 woody and 24 herbaceous taxa were recorded. at lower level, dominating woody species were pinus, quercus, ole ... | 2003 | 12852731 |
| responding to the silent problems. turkey. developing suitable governmental programs to accomodate the changing needs of the growing and aging population is necessary and inevitable. | the author believes that both socioeconomic change and expanded services had a significant impact upon turkish couples' behavior, resulting in a smaller family norm. a recent survey indicates that the total fertility rate in the country declined to 2.7 from 5.7 in 1971. that sharp decline in fertility was coupled with an equally sharp decline in mortality, especially in the infant mortality rate. however, even though fertility decline has been observed in all regions, there remain significant ... | 1996 | 12347300 |
| not contradicting the religion. islam has been putting on emphasis on family planning for 14 centuries. | family planning did not historically and does not in modern times contradict the cultural and religious beliefs of islamic nations. family planning services should therefore be made available to people who need them. family planning should not, however, be forced. it is imperative that couples' fundamental right to freely decide the number and spacing of their children is respected. couples must be informed and educated to exercise that freedom consciously. the turkish family health and pla ... | 1996 | 12347309 |
| sex determination from the sternal end of the rib by osteometric analysis. | the aim of this study was to establish a sample group of turkish population to determine sex from the sternal end of the ribs. sex determination from the human skeleton bones is a simple and specific method. | 2003 | 12935539 |
| [investigations on diabetes in the personnel of the ankara and izmir state railways]. | | 1964 | 14224683 |
| [distribution of dysentery bacilli studied at the centre national des shigella]. | | 1964 | 14250519 |
| postabortion contraceptive services scarce in turkey. | a 1994 study conducted at public and university service sites in 7 turkish provinces found that, although 90% of postabortal women wanted to initiate contraceptive use, fewer than 50% actually left the abortion facility with a family planning method. half of the 194 women interviewed had undergone a prior abortion and almost 70% were using a contraceptive method (generally withdrawal) at the time they became pregnant. to remedy this situation, avsc is working to strengthen the linkages between ... | 1996 | 12347476 |
| turkey takes initiative. | the turkish family health and planning foundation, the first private sector, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization to be founded in turkey, was awarded the 1994 un population award. when the founder of the foundation began thinking about population issues in 1974, turkey's population size was growing at the annual rate of 2.5%, the total fertility rate (tfr) was 4.1, and 85 infants died for every 1000 live births. the foundation was established about 10 years later. the level of contracepti ... | 1996 | 12347569 |
| alternative treatment for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant patients; restoration of vaginal acidity and flora. | in turkey, physicians treated 22 first-trimester pregnant women aged 20-34 exhibiting signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis with commercially available yogurt containing more than 100 million lactobacillus acidophilus per ml and at a ph of less than 4.5. the treatment involved vaginal douching with a 10-ml syringe daily for 7 days and was repeated after a 1-week interval. the signs and symptoms used as criteria for bacterial vaginosis included subjective symptoms of foul-smelling discharge ... | 1996 | 12347751 |
| the consequences of international migration for the status of women: a turkish study. | this study examines the direct and indirect impact of international migration on the status of turkish women. detailed interviews were conducted among 234 people aged 18 years and older that lived in 115 households. respondents included 83 return migrants, 54 close relatives of migrants, 19 close friends of migrants, 34 close relatives and friends of migrants, and 44 controls. findings indicate that return migrants held more progressive and less traditional attitudes and behavior, and control ... | 1997 | 12348082 |
| postabortion contraception: few family planning services available. | the association for voluntary surgical contraception (avsc) investigated the linkages between induced abortion and family planning services in a qualitative research project conducted in colombia, india, and turkey. study methodologies included interviews with abortion and family planning service providers, record review, observation, and discussions with policy-makers. in general, abortion and family planning services were entirely separate. although postabortion clients clearly wanted to av ... | 1993 | 12348555 |
| changing dynamics of the migratory regime between turkey and arab countries. | "this essay discusses trends and patterns in migration from turkey to arab countries since the late 1960s. it relates this migratory movement to the wider context of turkish emigration. by examining the ongoing migration ties between turkey and the receiving arab countries, the paper concludes with a discussion of likely migration flows and their implications." (excerpt) | 1998 | 12349073 |
| [the decision-making process in marriage formation in turkey and factors affecting this process]. | "the main objective of the study is to answer the question... how does [the] decision-making process in marriage formation work in turkey? data used in the study come from the 1993 turkish demographic and health survey.... educational level of women...has [a] much more powerful effect on [the] decision-making process in marriage formation than the educational level of husbands. the role of women in the process of marriage formation increases as the educational level of women increases." (excerpt ... | 1998 | 12349074 |
| sulfate dry deposition fluxes and overall deposition velocities measured with a surrogate surface. | previous studies have shown that the dry deposition of particulate sulfate can account for a significant fraction of its total (wet + dry) deposition. however, there is no generally accepted method to directly measure dry deposition. in this study, the particulate sulfate dry deposition was measured using a smooth surrogate surface between september 2000 and june 2001 in izmir, turkey. concurrently, ambient air samples were collected. average particulate sulfate fluxes and ambient concentrations ... | 2002 | 12389791 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in a random sample of the turkish population by simultaneous epi cluster and comparison with surveys in turkey. | this study was conducted to determine the hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in nine provinces representative of turkey as a whole. these provinces are representative of the country's geographical location, and demographic, economic and social characteristics. in each province, sample sizes were determined using published data on hav seroprevalence, and sample sizes for each province and for the cluster were calculated for each group of subjects under the age of 30 for seroprevalence estimat ... | 2002 | 12405430 |
| bone mineral density reference values in the normal female and male population of izmir, turkey. | in this study we aimed to establish the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) bone mineral density (bmd) reference values of healthy turkish women and men residing in izmir, western turkey. we examined 347 women and 119 men (age range 20-80 years) who did not have any known risk factor that might affect bone mass. the bmd measurements were performed by hologic qdr 4500 w elite dxa instrument from the lumbar spine (l1-l4) and non-dominant hip. in women the mean bmd (g/cm(2))+/-standard deviation ... | 2003 | 12541124 |
| a patient database application for hereditary deafness epidemiology and clinical research (h.e.a.r.): an effort for standardization in multiple languages. | one of the most challenging and neglected issues in medicine is the effective recording of the data obtained from the patients. the "european work group on the genetics of hearing impairment," which has been working since 1996, proposed a few questionnaires to collect data regarding the phenotype, ent findings, audiological examination findings and other special investigations. in this study, a computerized patient database application named "izmir h.e.a.r version 1.0," written in delphi 4.0 for ... | 2003 | 12582784 |
| experience of the izmir pediatric oncology group on neuroblastoma: ipog-nbl-92 protocol. | this multicentric study aimed to bring neuroblastoma patients together under ipog-nbl-92 protocol and evaluate the results within the period between 1992 and 2001 in izmir. sixty-seven neuroblastoma patients from 4 pediatric oncology centers in izmir were included in the study. ipog-nbl-92 protocol modified from german pediatric oncology (gpo)-nb-90 protocol was applied: patients in stage 1 received only surgery, while surgery plus 4 chemotherapy courses (cisplatin, vincristine, ifosfamide) were ... | 2003 | 12637217 |
| regulations concerning the administration and control of womb evacuation and sterilization, 18 december 1983. | this document reprints turkey's 1983 regulations concerning induced abortion and sexual sterilization. the regulations allow abortions to be performed upon request up to the 10th week of gestation unless the procedure would endanger the woman's health. such abortions can be performed in properly equipped clinics, official medical institutions, or private hospitals. abortions can be performed on women after the 10th week if the woman has specified medical conditions. such abortions can be per ... | 1987 | 12346692 |
| [turkey]. | the capital of turkey is ankara. as of 1995, turkey had a population of 61.9 million governed by a parliamentary republican regime. 1994 gross national product and per capita income were, respectively, $149 billion and $2450. per capita income grew at 1.5% per year over the period 1985-94. in 1994, turkey owed $66.3 billion, then being serviced at $9.4 billion. for the same year, turkey exported $32.711 billion in goods and services and imported $30.785 billion. as of 1995, the population ... | 1996 | 12347072 |
| changes in family formation among turkish and moroccan women in belgium. | "this paper addresses the extent to which the behaviour of migrants...diverges from the pattern observed in the country of origin and converges on that of the country of destination.... in the first part of the analysis we compare the family formation patterns of turks and moroccans living in flanders and brussels with the patterns of belgians living in the same regions on the one hand and with the populations of turkey and morocco on the other hand. in the second part we look in more detail at ... | 1995 | 12347236 |
| serum positive caga in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease from two centers in different regions of turkey. | to investigate and compare frequencies of serum positive caga in patients from two separate regions of turkey who were grouped according to the presence of peptic ulcer disease or non-ulcer dyspepsia. | 2003 | 12679943 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with behçet's disease. | turkey is one of the countries where behçet's disease is most prevalent. although its pathogenesis is not defined clearly, infectious agents are thought to play a role in the etiology. in one study of a group of uveitis patients, including those with behçet's disease, increased seropositivity to b. burgdorferi was reported by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the seroprevalence of b. burgdorferi has been found to be as high as 36% in some rural areas of turkey, although lyme disease cau ... | 2003 | 12682785 |
| how useful is the concept of somatization in cross-cultural studies of maternal depression? a contribution from the mothers in a new country (minc) study. | somatization of depression symptoms has been assumed to characterize particular cultural groups, yet evidence for this has often been anecdotal. the mothers in a new country (minc) study aimed to explore cultural assumptions about somatization in three groups of immigrant women who had recently given birth in melbourne, australia. physical health (sf-36 physical health dimensions and a symptom list) and depression (epds, sf-36 mental health dimension and self assessment) data from personal inter ... | 2003 | 12685339 |
| non-melanoma skin cancers between the years of 1990 and 1999 in izmir, turkey: demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. | the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers (nmscs) has been rapidly increasing in epidemic proportions all over the world. the purpose was to evaluate the demographic and clinico-pathological patterns of skin cancers in izmir, a region with high ultraviolet light exposure. the study was retrospective and hospital-based. the data related to all nmsc patients registered from january 1, 1990, to december 31, 1999, in the dermatology department of ege university medical school in izmir, were collecte ... | 2003 | 12692379 |
| molecular analyses of the hgo gene mutations in turkish alkaptonuria patients suggest that the r58fs mutation originated from central asia and was spread throughout europe and anatolia by human migrations. | alkaptonuria (aku) is a rare metabolic disorder of phenylalanine catabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. aku is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (hgo) gene. the deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity causes homogentisic aciduria, ochronosis and arthritis. we present the first molecular study of the hgo gene in turkish aku patients. seven unrelated aku families from different regions in turkey were analysed. patients in ... | 2003 | 12872836 |
| retrospective evaluation of epidermal skin prick tests in patients living in aegean region. | sensitization to aeroallergens of aegean region is not well decumented. in this study we evaluated the epidermal skin prick test results of the patients who applied to allergy outpatient department retrospectively. epidermal skin prick test of the 5055 patients were evaluated. of these patients 2638 (52 %) were female, 2417 (48 %) male, 1213 (24 %) adult and 3842 (76 %) pediatric patient, 1163 (23 %) patients were allergic rhinitis, 2477 (49 %) were bronchial asthma, 505 (10 %) were allergic rhi ... | 2003 | 12890415 |
| sexual knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors of students in turkey. | this survey produced baseline information about student knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), their sexual attitudes, and their behavior to help establish control and education programs. the study was conducted at ege university, izmir, turkey, during the 1999-2000 academic year. a total of 2,217 first- and fourth-year students determined by stratified sampling constituted the study group. all students who volunteered to participate completed a questionnaire assessing sociodemograph ... | 2003 | 14513628 |
| an investigation of the presence of methane and other gases at the uzundere-izmir solid waste disposal site, izmir, turkey. | izmir is a large metropolitan city with a population of 3,114,860. the city consists of 27 townships, each township has a population of not less than 10,000 inhabitants. the two major solid waste disposal sites are in the townships of uzundere and harmandali. the amount of solid waste that is disposed at each of these sites is about 800 and 1800 t/day, respectively. in uzundere, compost is produced from the organic fraction of urban solid wastes while the residual material is deposited at a disp ... | 2003 | 14522193 |
| [travel advice on the prevention of infectious diseases insufficiently obtained by indigenous and non-native inhabitants of amsterdam, the netherlands]. | to determine the travel behaviour of inhabitants of amsterdam, the netherlands, with respect to age and ethnicity, as well as the impact of travel advice, in particular regarding hepatitis a vaccination of turkish and moroccan children. | 2003 | 12712650 |
| ciliated protozoa in the rumen of turkish domestic cattle (bos taurus l.). | rumen contents obtained from 28 domesticated cattle (bos taurus l.) slaughtered at abatoirs near izmir, turkey were surveyed for ciliate protozoa. protozoa are known to make an appreciable contribution to ruminal fiber digestion in many different geographical areas; however, little if any information is available on their occurrence in turkish cattle. as a result of our survey, 13 genera including 52 species were identified. nine of the species were further divided into 36 forma. the average cil ... | 2003 | 12744522 |
| sensitization to cat allergens in non-cat owner patients with respiratory allergy. | cats represent one of the most important sources of indoor allergens. the sensitization rate can reach up to 60% in western countries. keeping cats indoors is uncommon in big cities in turkey, but cats living in the streets are common. | 2003 | 12839322 |
| [relatives' beliefs and attitudes towards schizophrenia: an epidemiological investigation]. | to examine relatives' beliefs and attitudes towards schizophrenia. | 2003 | 14569471 |
| [preventive measures taken in adrianople during the 1893-1894 cholera epidemic, as reflected in a local newspaper]. | cholera is derived from the latin words colos (large intestine) and reo (to flow) and means flowing of the liquids through the stomach and the intestines. the first cholera epidemic was experienced in india and spread out to other countries. although it had been known for ages, it was not recognized until the 16th century. seven serious cholera epidemics have broken out in the world since the 19th century. in spite of all precautions taken by the ottoman government, the sixth world cholera epide ... | 2001 | 14570009 |
| excavating y-chromosome haplotype strata in anatolia. | analysis of 89 biallelic polymorphisms in 523 turkish y chromosomes revealed 52 distinct haplotypes with considerable haplogroup substructure, as exemplified by their respective levels of accumulated diversity at ten short tandem repeat (str) loci. the major components (haplogroups e3b, g, j, i, l, n, k2, and r1; 94.1%) are shared with european and neighboring near eastern populations and contrast with only a minor share of haplogroups related to central asian (c, q and o; 3.4%), indian (h, r2; ... | 2004 | 14586639 |
| the knowledge and attitude of rural children about poisonings. | childhood poisonings are an important problem. the goal of the study was to implement and evaluate poisoning prevention training for primary school students. the study was carried out in 3 rural schools kemalpasa, izmir, turkey. fourth and 5th grade students completed age appropriate questionnaires pre- and post-education. there were significant differences in mean scores of the knowledge responses given pre- and post-test (p<0.05). with more questions answered correctly post-education. | 2003 | 14640490 |
| acute methanol poisonings reported to the drug and poison information center in izmir, turkey. | the demographics, sources and outcomes of methanol poisoning have not been described in turkey. our study identified the profile of acute methanol exposures reported to drug and poison information center (dpic) in izmir, turkey, from 1993 to 2002. data analysis included patient demographics, sources of methanol, reason for the exposure, clinical effects and outcomes of methanol poisoning. the dpic recorded 30,485 calls concerning poisoning; 996 (3.3%) alcohol poisonings were recorded and 113 (11 ... | 2003 | 14640491 |
| fourteen-year trend of tuberculosis dynamics in the northwest of turkey. | the incidence of tuberculosis (tb) in different countries as estimated by the world health organization (who) vary from 23/100,000 and less in industrialized countries, 191/100,000 in africa and 237/100,000 in south east asia. | 2003 | 14665770 |
| health personnel perceptions about emergency contraception in primary health-care centers. | the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding emergency contraception in primary health-care workers. | 2003 | 14667325 |
| monitoring of eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the izmir bay (turkey) before and after wastewater treatment plant. | the distribution of inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a was investigated and n/p ratios were determined in izmir bay during 1996-2001. the average concentrations showed ranges of 0.01-0.19 and 0.01-10 microm for phosphate-phosphorus; 0.11-1.8 and 0.13-27 microm for (nitrate+nitrite)-nitrogen, 0.30-4.1 and 0.50-39 microm for silicate and 0.02-4.3 and 0.10-26 microg l(-1) for chlorophyll-a in the outer and middle-inner bays, respectively. the results are compared with the values ob ... | 2004 | 14680888 |
| evaluation of a dental health education program for midwives. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a dental health program for the midwives in primary health care services in izmir, turkey. | 2003 | 14682651 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis among children under five years of age in izmir, turkey. | little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in turkey. the aim of the study was to determine the incidence and clinical significance of rotavirus gastroenteritis, in view of the potentially available prevention by rotavirus vaccination. the study also sought to determine possible risk factors for rotavirus gastroenteritis. therefore, 920 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis admitted to three pediatric hospitals in izmir were studied. rotavirus was identif ... | 2003 | 14768791 |