| the effect of bacteriuria on bladder and renal pelvic pressures in the rat. | we investigated the effect of urinary tract infection on bladder and renal pelvic urodynamics in a rat model to examine the role of pressure during infection. either an antibiotic solution (control group) or escherichia coli with type 1 pili (infected group) was instilled into the bladder. after 2 to 6 days simultaneous continuous bladder and renal pelvic pressures were measured during urinary flows from less than 2 to greater than 20 ml./kg. per hour while the bladder filled and emptied. bladde ... | 1992 | 1640522 |
| effect of biliary decompression on reticuloendothelial function in jaundiced rats. | the recovery of reticuloendothelial system (res) function following decompression of obstructive jaundice was studied using a rat model with bile duct ligation and side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy. histopathological changes in the liver were still present 5 weeks after relief of jaundice, while results of liver function tests had returned to normal. res function evaluated by the blood clearance and organ uptake of radiolabelled escherichia coli using a corrected phagocytic index gradually ret ... | 1992 | 1643476 |
| molecular features necessary for the uptake of diamines and related compounds by the polyamine receptor of rat lung slices. | the influence of 17 putrescine analogues on the uptake of putrescine and/or paraquat by rat lung slices has been determined. most of these compounds are competitive inhibitors of putrescine and/or paraquat uptake, but three show no inhibiting activity. apparent ki values of the putrescine derivatives increase, and thus the inhibitory effects decrease, with increasing n-methylation. comparison of n-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane (ki = 8 microm) with n,n'-bis-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane (ki = 25.5 microm) ... | 1991 | 1645551 |
| after microinjection hemimethylated dna is converted into symmetrically methylated dna before dna replication. | in this investigation we analysed the maintenance methylation activity of the mammalian cell dna methyltransferase by microinjection of hemimethylated hsv-tk dna into thymidine kinase-negative rat 2 cells. we found that the hemimethylated dna was efficiently converted into symmetrical methylated molecules before dna replication. furthermore, integration of the trans-dna into the host genome is an early event after gene transfer. | 1991 | 1646121 |
| the saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (cmp1 and cmp2) encoding calmodulin-binding proteins homologous to the catalytic subunit of mammalian protein phosphatase 2b. | saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic clones that encode calmodulin-binding proteins were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 expression library using 125i-labeled calmodulin as probe. among the cloned yeast genes, we found two closely related genes (cmp1 and cmp2) that encode proteins homologous to the catalytic subunit of phosphoprotein phosphatase. the presumed cmp1 protein (62,999 da) and cmp2 protein (68,496 da) contain a 23 amino acid sequence very similar to those identified as calmodulin-bind ... | 1991 | 1646387 |
| alveolar macrophage activation in experimental legionellosis. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular parasite of alveolar macrophages. in vitro studies have shown that lymphokine-activated mononuclear phagocytes inhibit intracellular replication of l. pneumophila. to determine if recovery from legionellosis is associated with activation of alveolar macrophages in vivo to resist l. pneumophila, we studied an animal model of legionnaires' disease. rats were exposed to aerosolized l. pneumophila and alveolar macrophages were harvested during th ... | 1991 | 1646846 |
| priming by platelet-activating factor of endotoxin-induced lung injury and cardiovascular shock. | platelet-activating factor (paf) is a glycerophospholipid known for its unusual potent vasoactive and proinflammatory activities. the present study examined whether paf might serve as a priming factor in endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) synthesis, cardiovascular shock, and lung injury in anesthetized rats. intravenous infusion of paf (1 pmol/kg/min for 60 minutes, n = 5) alone or endotoxin (0.1 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus, n = 5) failed to alter blood pressure, serum tnf al ... | 1991 | 1647275 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding the phosphatidylinositol kinase from rat brain. | a complementary dna (cdna) clone that encodes phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (pi 4-kinase) was isolated from a rat brain cdna library. the deduced amino acid sequence of 697 residues revealed that the protein contains two putative transmembrane sequences and that the n-terminal part of the protein has several sequences representing potential phosphorylation sites for camp- and calmodulin-dependent kinase. the c-terminal region is probably a phosphotransferase domain homologous to the kinase regio ... | 1991 | 1654331 |
| competitive inhibition of t3 binding to alpha 1 and beta 1 thyroid hormone receptors by fatty acids. | this study was undertaken to investigate whether fatty acids inhibit the binding of t3 to the alpha 1 and beta 1 form of the thyroid hormone receptor. fatty acids inhibited the binding of t3 to both receptor proteins isolated from a bacterial expression system. the effectiveness of inhibition depends on the chain length and degree of saturation of the fatty acids. the inhibition of t3 binding to the alpha 1 and beta 1 receptor by oleic acid is competitive in nature; the ki value was 5.4 10(-6) m ... | 1991 | 1654895 |
| properties and hormonal regulation of two structurally related camp phosphodiesterases from the rat sertoli cell. | upon exposure to follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), the gonadotropin-responsive sertoli cell expresses increased rolipram-sensitive camp-specific phosphodiesterase (camp-pde) activity. to understand the mechanisms leading to this activation, the camp-pdes present in the sertoli cell were characterized and their regulation studied. comparison of the conceptual translates of two groups of pde cdna clones isolated from a sertoli cell cdna library (ratpde3 and ratpde4) showed that the encoded prote ... | 1991 | 1655746 |
| nucleoside diphosphate kinase from escherichia coli; its overproduction and sequence comparison with eukaryotic enzymes. | the gene encoding nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase of escherichia coli was identified by polymerase chain reaction using oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers synthesized on the basis of consensus sequences from myxococcus xanthus and various eukaryotic ndp kinases. the gene (ndk), mapped at 54.2 min on the e. coli chromosome, was cloned and sequenced. the e. coli ndp kinase was found to consist of 143 amino acid residues that are 57, 45, 45, 42, 43, and 43% identical to the m. xanthus, dictyostel ... | 1991 | 1657712 |
| continuous infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin in vivo primes in vitro superoxide anion release in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes and kupffer cells in a time-dependent manner. | continuous infusion of a nonlethal dose of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) (0.5 mg/kg) induced early (3 h) accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) in rat liver followed by later (30 h) greater extravasation of mononuclear phagocytes (mnp) (e. b. rodriguez de turco and j. a. spitzer, j. leukocyte biol. 48:488-494, 1990). nonparenchymal liver cells from rats treated for 3 and 30 h with lps were recovered by centrifugal elutriation, yielding a 23-ml/min fraction (endothelial c ... | 1991 | 1657786 |
| the design, expression, and characterization of human insulin-like growth factor ii (igf-ii) mutants specific for either the igf-ii/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor or igf-i receptor. | five mutants of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-ii (rigf-ii) that bound with high affinity to either the igf-ii/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate (igf-ii/cim6-p) or the igf-i receptor were prepared by site-directed mutagenic procedures, expressed as fusion proteins in the larva of bombyx mori or escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, renatured, and characterized in terms of their receptor binding affinities and specificities as well as their biological activities. class i mutants ... | 1991 | 1657932 |
| interferon-inducible mouse mx1 protein that confers resistance to influenza virus is gtpase. | the murine mx1 protein is an interferon-inducible nuclear protein and confers resistance to influenza virus infection even though the resistance mechanism is yet unclear. the mx1 protein contains a tripartite gtp-binding domain consisting of gxxxxgks, dxxg, and t/nkxd motifs. in the gtpase gene superfamily such as p21ras protein, signal-transducing g protein, and translation elongation factor, the gtpase activity plays a key role in each protein function. here we show that gtpase activity is ind ... | 1991 | 1657964 |
| 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl sensitizes rats to the hepatotoxic effects of endotoxin by a mechanism that involves more than tumor necrosis factor. | to determine whether the cytokine tumor necrosis factor/cachectin might be a mediator of hepatotoxicity seen after exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, rats treated with a single dose of 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl (150 mumol/kg intraperitoneally) or corn oil vehicle were studied. the 3,3',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl caused the expected anorexia, alterations in organ weights and changes in cytochromes p-450 over 21 days. although tumor necrosis factor could not be detected in the seru ... | 1991 | 1660020 |
| a paf receptor antagonist, bn 52021, attenuates thromboxane release and improves survival in lethal canine endotoxemia. | platelet-activating (paf) is a putative mediator in endotoxemia and sepsis. administration of a paf receptor antagonist prior to endotoxin improves survival in rats and attenuates the hypotension of endotoxemia. both paf and endotoxin stimulate eicosanoid production. we hypothesized that a paf receptor antagonist, bn 52021, would alter the hemodynamic events, improve the survival and attenuate the eicosanoid release associated with endotoxemia in a resuscitated, but lethal, canine model. male do ... | 1991 | 1660355 |
| evidence for the presence of protein kinases which stimulate phosphorylation of c-erb a protein in rat kidney nuclei. | protein kinases were separated from rat kidney nuclear extract by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. five (i-v) different protein kinases were isolated when histone was used as a substrate. two (i and iii) of them stimulated phosphorylation of c-erb a-beta protein (50 kda) expressed in escherichia coli. the c-erb a product has an activity of high affinity t3 binding. one (i) of the kinases was dependent on cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp). the other kinase (iii) was not depe ... | 1991 | 1661234 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding a novel putative g-protein-coupled receptor expressed in specific rat brain regions. | a cdna clone encoding a novel putative g-protein-coupled receptor was isolated from a rat brain cdna library using a pcr-amplified cdna fragment as a hybridization probe. the 3,615-bp-long nucleotide sequence predicts a single open reading frame of 1,173 bp coding for 391 amino acids, giving a calculated molecular weight of 42.75 kd. the amino acid sequence shares features common to many other receptors, including the seven membrane-spanning hydrophobic regions and putative asparagine-linked gly ... | 1991 | 1661599 |
| [membrane fluidity and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. | | 1991 | 1661788 |
| rapid reduction of intestinal cytochrome a,a3 during lethal endotoxemia. | in vivo near-infrared spectrophotometry was used to determine whether lethal endotoxemia impairs small intestinal oxidative phosphorylation as reflected by the redox state of mitochondrial cytochrome a,a3 (aa3). adult male sprague-dawley rats were anesthetized with 2.1% isoflurane in 30% o2:70% n2o, and the small intestine was partially exteriorized for spectrophotometric monitoring (omni-3). by 5 min after an iv bolus of escherichia coli endotoxin (40 mg/kg, ld90, n = 7) a significant shift tow ... | 1991 | 1661795 |
| purification and characterization of recombinant rat phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase subunit i and subunit ii. | | 1991 | 1664181 |
| biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate. sequence of gtp cyclohydrolase i from escherichia coli. | the sequence of the gene coding for gtp cyclohydrolase i of escherichia coli and of the adjacent regions was determined. the open reading frame contains 669 nucleotides. the deduced amino-acid sequence represents a protein consisting of 223 amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of 24,873 da. partial amino-acid sequences of the n-terminal region and of 5 peptides obtained by trypsin and brcn cleavage were determined by edman degradation and were in full agreement with the sequence deduced fro ... | 1991 | 1665332 |
| effects of electrocautery on midline laparotomy wound infection. | this study compared the healing of midline fascial incisions made with either scalpel or electrocautery and inoculated with escherichia coli in 57 sprague-dawley rats. at 7 days, tensile strength was significantly less when incisions were made with electrocautery than with a scalpel. additionally, would strength was inversely related to the concentration of the inoculum of e coli. the use of electrocautery was also associated with more frequent bacteremia at 48 hours and higher mortality at 7 da ... | 1991 | 1670238 |
| antisecretory effect of prostaglandin d2 in rat colon in vitro: action sites. | the effect of prostaglandin d2 (pgd2) on colonic ion transport was studied in the ussing chamber. pgd2 (10(-6) m) decreased baseline short-circuit current (isc) in two preparations of rat colon descendens, a mucosa-submucosa preparation with and a mucosa preparation without the submucosal plexus. in both preparations, pgd2 inhibited the neuronally mediated secretory responses to electric field stimulation, the sea anemone toxin atx ii, and different cholinergic agents. unidirectional flux measur ... | 1991 | 1676243 |
| primary structure and functional expression of the human receptor for escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. | heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) produced by escherichia coli induces intestinal secretion in mammals by binding to the brush border membrane of the small intestine and activating guanylyl cyclase. we report here the cloning and expression of a cdna encoding the human receptor for sta. the receptor contains both an extracellular ligand binding site and a cytoplasmic guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain, making it a member of the same receptor family as the natriuretic peptide receptors. stable mammali ... | 1991 | 1680854 |
| effect of povidone iodine and chlorhexidine on the mortality and bacterial clearance in the abdominal cavity of peritonitis rats. | peritonitis was induced in wistar rats by intraperitoneal inoculation of pure escherichia coli. the mortality rate in the untreated control group was 36% (18/50). rats in which 2 ml 1% povidone iodine had been injected intraperitoneally 5 min after the bacterial challenge, had a significantly increased mortality rate (43/50, 86%) (p less than 0.01). when the same experiment was done with 2 ml of 0.05% chlorhexidine the mortality rate decreased significantly to 16% (8/50) (p less than 0.05). povi ... | 1991 | 1681916 |
| expression of mammalian tyrosine aminotransferase in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. purification to homogeneity and characterization of the enzyme overproduced in the bacteria. | rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase has been expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. in yeast, the extent of production is 20-fold higher than that in rat liver after induction by dexamethasone, and reaches 250-fold higher in an e. coli strain carrying the t7 rna polymerase transcription system. about 250 mg pure and homogeneous enzyme was obtained from 50 g transformed e. coli cells. determination of mr and pi, as well as analysis of n- and c-terminal amino acids, suggest th ... | 1991 | 1682148 |
| structure of domain 1 of rat t lymphocyte cd2 antigen. | the cd2 antigen is largely restricted to cells of the t-lymphocyte lineage and has been established as an important adhesion molecule in interactions between human t lymphocytes and accessory cells. in the adhesion reaction, cd2 on t cells binds to lfa-3 on other cells, with binding through domain 1 of cd2. cd2 can also be a target for the delivery of mitogenic signals to t lymphocytes cultured with combinations of anti-cd2 antibodies. two predictions that are contradictory have been made for th ... | 1991 | 1682812 |
| endotoxin impairs the response of rat anococcygeus muscle to electrical field stimulation. | rat anococcygeus muscles were isolated 4 h after treatment with either e. coli endotoxin (20 mg kg-1 i.p.) or saline. the contractile responses of the muscle to electrical field stimulation, and to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline were impaired by endotoxin treatment. inhibition of the l-arginine pathway with l-ng-nitro arginine methylester (3 x 10(-5) m) failed to restore responsiveness to either electrical field stimulation or to cirazoline. endotoxin impaired inhibitory responses t ... | 1991 | 1684160 |
| mapping of a dominant immunogenic region of synaptophysin, a major membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. | synaptophysin is a major integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. its transmembrane topology deduced from the cdna sequence predicts 4 transmembrane regions and a carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing a characteristic pentapeptide repeat structure. the monoclonal antibody (mab), sy38, binds to a cytoplasmic domain of synaptophysin. by using fusion proteins corresponding to truncated forms of the cytoplasmic tail, its epitope was located to a flexible segment in the center of the re ... | 1990 | 1690151 |
| antigenic conservation of primary structural regions of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase. | although the physical and kinetic properties of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) synthetases from different sources are quite different, it appears that these enzymes have structurally or antigenically conserved regions as demonstrated by studies with adomet synthetase specific antibodies. polyclonal anti-human lymphocyte adomet synthetase crossreacted with enzyme from rat liver (beta isozyme), escherichia coli and yeast. in addition, polyclonal anti-e. coli enzyme and antibodies to synthetic pepti ... | 1990 | 1698095 |
| high-level production of human acidic fibroblast growth factor in e. coli cells: inhibition of dna synthesis in rat mammary fibroblasts at high concentrations of growth factor. | recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor has been produced in e. coli cells at a level of at least 50 mg/l culture. the recombinant and natural acidic fibroblast growth factors are almost identical to one another when tested on rat mammary fibroblasts for their ability to stimulate dna synthesis, to bind to the high-affinity surface receptors of the cells and to inhibit dna synthesis when present in the culture medium at high concentrations. the recombinant acidic fibroblast growth fact ... | 1990 | 1699532 |
| binding of il-1 beta to alpha-macroglobulins and release by thioredoxin. | human alpha 2-macroglobulin (h alpha 2m) is a major il-1 beta binding plasma protein. the characteristics of the h alpha 2m il-1 beta complex formation suggested, that cleavage of the internal thiol ester in other members of the alpha-macroglobulin family (alpha m) could enable these proteins to bind il-1 beta. characterization of optimal conditions for binding 125i il-1 beta to h alpha 2m showed that h alpha 2m-il-1 beta complex formation could be obtained over a ph range of 6.3 to 9 in the pre ... | 1990 | 1700994 |
| expression of dna sequences containing neuron specific enolase gene in escherichia coli. | there is evidence that the gene for gamma-gamma enolase (neuron specific enolase, nse) is regulated during cell differentiation and development, conserved in a variety of organisms and contains mrna destabilizing sequences. in order to investigate further the mechanisms of these processes and to obtain large quantity of this protein, the nse gene was isolated from neuroblastoma cells and cloned in e. coli using standard molecular biology techniques. the nse gene expression was studied and the ex ... | 1990 | 1701632 |
| mucopolysaccharidosis type vii: characterization of mutations and molecular heterogeneity. | we identified two different exonic point mutations causing beta-glucuronidase (beta g1) deficiency in two japanese patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type vii (mpsvii). enzyme assay of lysates of the lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts showed little residual activity. the beta g1-specific mrna levels were normal, as determined by northern blot analysis. mutated cdna clones, including the entire coding sequence, were isolated using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products derived from beta ... | 1991 | 1702266 |
| properties of a rat monoclonal antibody reactive with both the mannan of candida species and the o-antigen 6,7 polysaccharide of serogroup c1 salmonellae. | monoclonal antibody masc1-mr9 of isotype immunoglobulin m was generated in lou/c rats by immunization with heat-killed salmonella thompson (serogroup c1, o-antigen 6,7 lipopolysaccharide) bacteria which had been further enriched for o-antigen by coating with homologous lipopolysaccharide. eight monoclonal antibodies were selected by screening against the lipopolysaccharide of s. thompson. in a subsequent test against candida mannan, only one antibody, masc1-mr9, was reactive. immunofluorescence ... | 1991 | 1702760 |
| studies of the strand-annealing activity of mammalian hnrnp complex protein a1. | a1 is a major core protein of the mammalian hnrnp complex, and as a purified protein of approximately 34 kda, a1 is a strong single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein. several lines of evidence suggest that the protein is organized in discrete domains consisting of an n-terminal segment of approximately 22 kda and a c-terminal segment of approximately 12 kda. each of these domains as a purified fragment is capable of binding to both ssdna and rna. we report here that a1 and its c-terminal dom ... | 1990 | 1703006 |
| identification of domains of the v-crk oncogene product sufficient for association with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. | the oncogene product of the avian sarcoma virus ct10, p47gag-crk, contains the sh2, sh2', and sh3 domains and binds proteins in a phosphotyrosine (ptyr)-dependent manner. in this study, we have determined the region of p47gag-crk essential for binding to ptyr-containing proteins. mutant p47gag-crk proteins expressed in escherichia coli that have the intact sh2 and sh2' regions retained the capacity to bind ptyr-containing proteins obtained from cells transformed by crk and src. the deletion of s ... | 1991 | 1705010 |
| rat liver dimethylglycine dehydrogenase. flavinylation of the enzyme in hepatocytes in primary culture and characterization of a cdna clone. | dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (me2glydh), an enzyme of choline catabolism specifically expressed in the mammalian liver, was analyzed in rat hepatocytes in culture. this mitochondrial enzyme carries the fad cofactor covalently attached to the polypeptide chain by its riboflavin 8 alpha position to n pi of histidine [cook, r., misono, k.s. & wagner, c. (1980) j. biol. chem. 259, 12475-12480]. subcellular fractionation of [14c]riboflavin-labelled hepatocytes and immunoprecipitation with me2glydh-s ... | 1991 | 1710985 |
| nucleotide sequence of the promoter and fadb gene of the fadba operon and primary structure of the multifunctional fatty acid oxidation protein from escherichia coli. | the primary structure of a multifunctional protein, the large alpha-subunit of the escherichia coli fatty acid oxidation complex, was determined by sequencing the fadb region of the fadba operon. the amino-terminal sequence of this protein had been established by edman degradation. the transcription start site of the fadba operon was located 42 nucleotides upstream of the initiator codon of the fadb gene by primer extension analysis. sequences of -10 and -35 regions of the promoter responsible f ... | 1991 | 1712230 |
| glycosylated and unglycosylated recombinant-derived human stem cell factors are dimeric and have extensive regular secondary structure. | we have recently described the identification, isolation, and characterization of a factor, termed stem cell factor (scf), which acts on primitive hematopoietic progenitors of the marrow. a soluble form of the factor was isolated from the conditioned medium of a rat cell line (zsebo, k. m., wypych, j., mcniece, i. k., lu, h. s., smith, k. a., karkare, s. b., sachdev, r. k., yuschenkoff, v. n., birkett, n. c., williams, l. r., satyagal, v. n., tung, w., bosselman, r. a., mendiaz, e. a., and langl ... | 1991 | 1717457 |
| harry m. vars research award. arginine supplementation improves histone and acute-phase protein synthesis during gram-negative sepsis in the rat. | mechanisms of nutrient alteration of hepatic protein synthesis during sepsis are unclear. in vitro, arginine downregulates endotoxin-stimulated hepatocyte protein synthesis but in vivo effects are unknown. this study evaluated the effects of supplemental arginine or glycine on fibrinogen (acute-phase protein), histone, albumin, and liver protein synthesis after gram-negative sepsis in the rat. adult rats (225 g, n = 36) were randomized to receive isonitrogenous isocaloric total parenteral nutrit ... | 1991 | 1719254 |
| the effect of sodium deoxycholate and other surfactants on the mucosal surface ph in proximal jejunum or rat. | the mucosal surface ph (acid microclimate) and nucleotide levels of rat proximal jejunum were measured in vivo under various conditions which included exposure to pharmacological agents and to surfactants. mucosal surface ph was unaffected by sodium nitroprusside, a23187 and amiloride, as was mucosal cgmp content, although amiloride and a23187 reduced camp content. in contrast, surfactants elevated the ph of the mucosal surface significantly (p less than 0.001): control value 6.23 +/- 0.02 (n = ... | 1991 | 1719431 |
| use of antibodies against the p36 protein of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for the identification of m. hyopneumoniae strains. | mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the principal aetiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, synthesizes a 36 kda protein (p36) which is an early and strong immunogenic factor in experimentally and naturally infected swine. polyclonal antibodies were made against the recombinant p36 protein in rabbits and used for the identification of m. hyopneumoniae by the immunoblot technique. the proteins from the m. hyopneumoniae reference strains and from 13 m. hyopneumoniae field strains isolated from natur ... | 1991 | 1723490 |
| (a-c-b) human proinsulin, a novel insulin agonist and intermediate in the synthesis of biosynthetic human insulin. | the hormone insulin is synthesized in the beta cell of the pancreas as the precursor, proinsulin, where the carboxyl terminus of the b-chain is connected to the amino terminus of the a-chain by a connecting or c-peptide. proinsulin is a weak insulin agonist that possesses a longer in vivo half-life than does insulin. a form of proinsulin clipped at the arg65-gly66 bond has been shown to be more potent than the parent molecule with protracted in vivo activity, presumably as a result of freeing th ... | 1992 | 1730606 |
| disseminating tumor cells and their interactions with leukocytes visualized in the brain. | brain tumors are increasingly prevalent. recent advances focus attention on individual, disseminated tumor cells that cannot be imaged or eliminated. cells of the immune system may be ideally suited to attack individual tumor cells, but more basic understanding is needed. we describe a rat model, using the lacz reporter gene, that allows identification of individual tumor cells, and tumor-leukocyte interactions in vivo. the model demonstrates how widely tumor can disseminate, without secondary t ... | 1992 | 1737331 |
| regulated expression of alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase by the liver-enriched transcription factors hnf-1, dbp, and lap. | tissue-specific carbohydrate structures are thought to result from the selective expression of specific terminal glycosyltransferases responsible for their synthesis. however, little is known about the regulation of the expression of these enzymes. previous analysis of the distribution of one such enzyme, beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase, revealed that its expression is tissue restricted, with highest levels being found in the liver. examination of the gene suggested that its express ... | 1992 | 1737800 |
| the amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from escherichia coli. evolutionary relationship between mammalian and bacterial enzymes. | the amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from escherichia coli was solved by a combination of automated edman degradation of peptide fragments derived by proteolytic and chemical cleavage and sequencing of dna. correct alignment of three peptides, for which no peptide overlaps were available, was achieved by sequencing a 1.1-kbp fragment of dna produced by a polymerase-chain reaction using primers corresponding to sequences known to be in amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions of ... | 1992 | 1740158 |
| pubex/pubsex: a versatile expression vector system for production of fusion and nonfusion proteins in escherichia coli. | despite the large number of expression vectors now available, none provide the facility of allowing fusion and nonfusion protein production from the same vector system. in some situations it is preferable to obtain an insoluble fusion protein, in others a soluble nonfusion protein may be required. we have designed, constructed and tested a modification of the pex vectors, in which it is possible to express the product of a suitably inserted cdna either as part of a cro-beta-galactosidase (cro-be ... | 1991 | 1743511 |
| purification, characterization, cloning, and amino acid sequence of the bifunctional enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from escherichia coli. | we have purified the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ec 1.5.1.5) from escherichia coli to homogeneity by a newly devised procedure. the enzyme has been purified at least 2,000-fold in a 31% yield. the specific activity of the enzyme obtained is 7.4 times greater than any previous preparation from this source. the purified enzyme is specific for nadp. the protein also contains 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (ec 3.5.4.9) activity. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 1991 | 1748668 |
| [animal experiment studies of the distribution and elimination of radioactively marked endotoxin]. | we were able reproduce typical morphological and laboratory changes of endotoxinemia in dogs and small experimental animals by administration of e. coli = 111 k58 endotoxin labelled with 99m tc. contrary to the literature our distribution studies in rats showed a high concentration of endotoxin in the kidney. an effective endotoxin elimination was possible by extracorporal hemoperfusion in vitro and vivo. optimal results were achieved using immunoabsorption in combination with plasmapheresis. ho ... | 1991 | 1750291 |
| effect of biliary infection on common bile duct healing in the rat. | it has been postulated that biliary infection plays a role in bile duct stricture formation. the aim of this study was to verify this hypothesis and to evaluate the effect of biliary infection on common bile duct healing. a 3-mm longitudinal choledochotomy was performed in 120 rats and closed with a continuous 11/0 ethilon suture. common bile duct division with end-to-end anastomosis using interrupted 11/0 ethilon sutures was performed in another 30 rats. biliary infection was achieved in half o ... | 1991 | 1760696 |
| beta-lactamase produced by a highly beta-lactam-resistant strain of bacteroides fragilis: an obstacle to the chemotherapy of experimental mixed infections. | a strain of bacteroides fragilis, which produces a metallo-beta-lactamase, was inoculated into pouches on the backs of rats together with a beta-lactamase-negative escherichia coli highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. the mixed infection rat pouch model was treated with either flomoxef (susceptible to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase produced by b. fragilis), or cefmetazole (relatively resistant to hydrolysis). in this model of mixed infection flomoxef showed weak in-vivo activity agains ... | 1991 | 1761449 |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato is encoded by a multigene family whose transcription is induced during fruit and floral senescence. | the key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the plant hormone ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase (ec 4.1.1.14). it catalyzes the conversion of s-adenosylmethionine to acc, the precursor of ethylene. we isolated complementary dna sequences, ptacc2 and ptacc4, for two distinct and differentially regulated acc synthase mrnas expressed in ripe tomato fruit. the authenticity of the clones has been confirmed by expression experiments in e. coli. the predicted ... | 1991 | 1762159 |
| molecular cloning of soluble aminopeptidases from saccharomyces cerevisiae. sequence analysis of aminopeptidase yscii, a putative zinc-metallopeptidase. | plasmids capable of complementing lap1, lap2 and lap3 mutations [r.j. trumbly and g. bradley (1983) j. bacteriol. 156, 36-48] were isolated from a yeast yep13 library by screening for activity against the chromogenic aminopeptidase substrate l-leucine beta-naphthylamide in intact yeast colonies. the genomic inserts were shown to contain the structural genes for aminopeptidases yscii, ysciii and ysciv. plasmids containing the gene encoding aminopeptidase yscii of saccharomyces cerevisiae, ape2 (l ... | 1991 | 1765107 |
| segmental heterogeneity of rat colonic electrogenic secretion in response to the bacterial enterotoxin escherichia coli sta in vitro. | the effects of the bacterial toxin escherichia coli sta on electrogenic secretion in proximal, mid and distal rat colon were examined in vitro using the short-circuit current (isc) as an index of secretion. all areas showed toxin-elevated isc which was reduced by bumetanide. the proximal colon was the most sensitive (lowest ed50) but displayed the lowest maximal increase in isc, the mid colon had the largest maximal electrogenic response while the distal colon proved to be the least sensitive (h ... | 1991 | 1768420 |
| stabilization of recombinant proteins from proteolytic degradation in escherichia coli using a dual affinity fusion strategy. | a dual affinity fusion approach has been used to study the expression and secretion of labile recombinant proteins in escherichia coli. here we show that three small eukaryotic proteins (human proinsulin, a thioredoxin homologous domain of rat protein disulfide isomerase, and the extracellular domain of the alpha 1.2-chain of a human t-cell receptor) are stabilized in vivo using a dual affinity fusion strategy, where the gene encoding the desired product is fused between two genes encoding two d ... | 1991 | 1777118 |
| calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protease activities in skeletal muscle during sepsis. | sepsis was produced in rats by implanting into their abdominal cavities fecal pellets containing escherichia coli (10(2) colony-forming units [cfu]) and bacteroides fragilis (10(4) cfu). control rats were implanted with sterile pellets. a febrile response and hyperlactacidemia marked the onset of the septic injury. control and septic rats were killed 24 and 48 hr after implantations, and posterior leg muscles were removed. muscles were homogenized to prepare soluble fractions containing calcium- ... | 1991 | 1777946 |
| impaired carnitine transport in the rat heart during e. coli sepsis. | to determine the mechanism for the reduced content of myocardial carnitine during gram-negative sepsis, carnitine transport was examined in isolated perfused hearts. rats were injected i.v. with 8 x 10(7) live colonies of e. coli per 100 g body weight or physiological saline. all rats were fasted after injection for 22 hr to equalize the differences in food intake. total carnitine uptake in the hearts from both groups was essentially linear between 10 and 20 min of perfusion with 40 microm of ca ... | 1991 | 1777954 |
| translocation of bacteria from gut lumen to mesenteric lymph nodes--and beyond? | | 1991 | 1779320 |
| binding studies and localization of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in cultured hepatocytes by an immunocolloidal-gold technique. | in this study, the uptake and localization of an escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and the temperature effects on these processes, were studied in rat cultured hepatocytes using a binding assay and an immunocolloidal gold technique. the lipopolysaccharide was found to bind to the cell membrane and microvilli after short incubation times, at both 4 degrees c and 37 degrees c. this was followed by a dispersed localization into the cytoplasm, reaching mitochondria. the uptake was found not to be ... | 1991 | 1783565 |
| mutagenesis of cytochromes p450cam and b5. | | 1991 | 1784217 |
| structural analysis of the rat uricase gene and evidence that lysine 164 is involved in the substrate-binding site of the enzyme. | | 1991 | 1789248 |
| mutagenicity studies on catena-(s)-[mu-[n alpha-(3-aminopropionyl)histidinato(2-)-n1,n2,o:n tau]-zinc]. | z-103 (catena-(s)-[mu-[n alpha-(3-aminopropionyl)histidinato (2-)-n1,n2,o:n tau]-zinc], cas 107667-60-7) was examined in the bacterial mutation test, a chromosomal aberration test with mammalian cells in culture and the micronucleus test using male mice. 1. z-103 did not increase the number of revertants in escherichia coli wp2 uvra when tested at up to 5000 micrograms/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. and z-103 did not increase mutants in salmonella typhimurium sd 100 (s ... | 1991 | 1799383 |
| [the prediction of the membrane-damaging action of chemical substances in experiments on bacteria]. | comparative study of the cytoplasmic membrane sensitivity in procaryotic cells (e. coli) and eucaryotic cells (rat red blood cells) to bis-quaternary ammonea compounds and diatomic aliphatic alcohols was carried out. comparative study of the membrane permeability demonstrated, that e. coli is more sensitive for these xenobiotics. cells of e. coli recommended as a biotest-object for the membrane tropic toxic reactions to study. | 1991 | 1809645 |
| myoelectric intestinal disturbances in escherichia coli endotoxic shock in rats. involvement of platelet-activating factor. | administration of bn 52021 (50 mg/kg i.v.), a specific antagonist of platelet-activating factor (paf), significantly reduced the intestinal myoelectric disturbances induced by e. coli endotoxin injection (50 micrograms/kg i.v.) by 62%. thus, paf may be involved in the intestinal motor alterations observed in endotoxic shock. when given in combination with indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.), bn 52021 inhibited endotoxic shock intestinal disturbances. indomethacin alone also reduced paf induced (25 micr ... | 1991 | 1819734 |
| separate progenitor cells give rise to pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in the rat telencephalon. | neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex are commonly subdivided into two broad classes: pyramidal and nonpyramidal. the former are projection neurons, while the latter are interneurons. to determine whether the two neuronal classes in the cerebral cortex are derived from the same or separate progenitor cells, we used a recombinant retrovirus containing the reporter gene e-coli beta-galactosidase as a lineage marker. clonally related neurons expressing the inherited beta-galactosidase gene were ... | 1991 | 1822752 |
| accumulation of the c-mos protein is correlated with post-natal development of skeletal muscle. | previously we reported that c-mos proto-oncogene rna was developmentally up-regulated during post-natal maturation of the rat skeletal muscle. using two different site-directed affinity-purified antipeptide antibodies we can observe that c-mos product (p43 c-mos) accumulates increasingly during post-natal development of the skeletal muscle and exhibits protein kinase activity. we find that in adult rat p43 c-mos is 10-fold higher in skeletal muscle than in ovaries, and 20- to 40-fold higher than ... | 1991 | 1833718 |
| the primary structure of rat ribosomal protein l23. | the amino acid sequence of the rat 60s ribosomal subunit protein l23 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in two recombinant cdnas. ribosomal protein l23 has 140 amino acids and a molecular weight of 14,856. hybridization of the cdna to digests of nuclear dna suggests that there are 7-9 copies of the l23 gene. the mrna for the protein is about 600 nucleotides in length. rat l23 is homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae l17a and related to escherichia coli l14 and other members of the pro ... | 1991 | 1840488 |
| the role of outer membrane protein a in escherichia coli k-1 pathogenesis. | | 1991 | 1845152 |
| isolation and characterization of cdna clones for rat liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. | we have isolated and characterized cdna clones encoding rat liver cytosol 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ec 1.5.1.6). an open reading frame of 2706 base pairs encodes for 902 amino acids of mr 99,015. the deduced amino acid sequence contains exact matches to the nh2-terminal sequence (28 residues) and the sequences of five peptides derived from cyanogen bromide cleavage of the purified protein. the amino acid sequence of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase has three putative domain ... | 1991 | 1848231 |
| endogenous incorporation of nitric oxide from l-arginine into n-nitrosomorpholine stimulated by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the rat. | the endogenous formation of nitrate in the rat, mouse and human occurs through cellular processes involving the oxidation of the guanido group of arginine. these processes proceed from arginine to nitric oxide with subsequent conversion to electrophilic nitrosating agents capable of forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. we have now demonstrated that endogenous nitrosamine formation can occur via cells stimulated in vivo by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). the nitrosation of morpholine given to r ... | 1991 | 1849054 |
| dose-related reduction of intestinal cytochrome a,a3 induced by endotoxin in rats. | dose-related, endotoxin-induced changes in oxidative metabolism were investigated in vivo using near-infrared spectrophotometry. sixty fasted male sprague-dawley rats were randomly allocated to groups (n = 10 each) receiving saline, 0.08, 0.3, 1.25, 5, or 20 mg/kg escherichia coli endotoxin by i.v. bolus (1 ml/kg volume). isoflurane anesthesia with controlled ventilation was used for surgery and the subsequent collection of hemodynamic and metabolic data. approximately half the length of the sma ... | 1991 | 1849055 |
| effects of mcr restriction of methylated cpg islands of the l1 transposons during packaging and plating stages of mammalian genomic library construction. | the use of optimally methylation-tolerant mcra- mcrb- strains has been shown to produce an over tenfold increase in the plating efficiencies of mammalian genomic libraries, compared to a superior conventional phage host strain le392 which is mcrb+. however, there is an even more significant effect of mcr restriction. amongst the recombinants recovered with an mcrb+ host, we have found that there is an additional 30-fold reduction in the frequencies of clones containing the heavily methylated 5'- ... | 1991 | 1849497 |
| effects of escherichia coli endotoxin on structure and permeability of myocardial capillaries. | a study was carried out to investigate changes in myocardial capillaries induced by endotoxin, in order to clarify the pathogenesis of myocardial damage in endotoxemia. wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and then sacrificed at 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8, and 24 h after injection. the myocardium was observed by electron microscopy with histochemistry using horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemistry for na+, k(+)-atpase/tpase. the earliest ev ... | 1991 | 1851597 |
| bacterial formation of n-nitroso compounds in the rat stomach after omeprazole-induced achlorhydria. | n-nitrosamine formation by bacteria in the achlorhydric stomach has been proposed as an important factor in the development of gastric cancer. thus, the effect of the presence of bacteria in the stomach on endogenous nitrosation was investigated in rats given omeprazole (an inhibitor of gastric h+, k((+)-atpase) which reduces gastric secretion sufficiently to allow survival of a bacterial suspension of escherichia coli or pseudomonas. when rats were given both thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and ... | 1991 | 1855848 |
| evidence for a ribosome-associated thiol protease cleaving wheat germ methionyl-trna synthetase. | a wheat germ protease is responsible for mr 105,000 methionyl-trna synthetase hydrolysis, generating two fragments of mr 82,000 (harbouring the catalytic domain) and 20,000, respectively. specificity of the protease was sought for using different kinds of protein substrates. it turned out that charged peptides were preferentially cleaved and that no proteolysis occurred when proteins were replaced by small synthetic substrates, harbouring target sites similar to those cleaved in proteins. the pr ... | 1991 | 1864382 |
| separation of ribosomal subunits on trisacryl gf 2000. | the separation of rat liver and e. coli ribosomal subunits was attempted on trisacryl gf 2000. contrary to experiments with sepharose 4b and bio-gel a-15 the 60s mammalian subunit did not bind to the resin at 4 degrees c but eluted within the column volume ahead of the 40s subunit. puromycin, however, used to prepare the subunits, which on the agarose gels had eluted at the total column volume, exhibited anomalous retardation on the trisacryl resin. trisacryl therefore behaves as the more non-po ... | 1991 | 1864900 |
| [treatment of gut-derived endotoxemia with lactulose. an experimental study]. | endotoxemia plays an important role in the origination and development of many dangerous clinical diseases, for which there has been little medication so far. to determine whether lactulose has an effect on endotoxemia, we treated experimental, gut-derived endotoxemia using lactulose in vitro and in vivo. the results showed that 55 mg lactulose inactivated the activity of 0.01 mg endotoxin on limulus lysate in vitro, suggesting that lactulose may have a direct anti-endotoxin effect. in vivo stud ... | 1991 | 1874117 |
| influence of dietary protein and gut microflora on endogenous synthesis of nitrate induced by bacterial endotoxin in the rat. | germ-free (gf) rats were maintained on a diet marginally adequate in protein, with and without a supplement of nh4cl. their urinary excretion of total nitrogen, nitrate, urea and creatinine was measured before and for 4 days after injection of escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; lps). although more nitrogen was excreted by rats on the diet supplemented with nh4cl, nitrate excretion was increased to a similar extent in rats on both diets. this suggests that oxidation of ammonia releas ... | 1991 | 1874466 |
| plasma 65zn kinetics in the rat. | the amount of 65zn in the plasma of rats after intravenous injection was found to decline following closely two-compartment kinetics over a period of 90 min. comparative analysis of the amount of 65zn present in the two kinetic pools at various time-intervals post-injection with the actual physiological location of the 65zn, revealed that the initial pool (qa) is primarily the blood plasma, while the second pool (qb) is primarily within the liver. the plasma zn concentration and qa were both fou ... | 1991 | 1878358 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding human sepiapterin reductase--an enzyme involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. | a full-length cdna clone for sepiapterin reductase, an enzyme involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, was isolated from a human liver cdna library by plaque hybridization. the nucleotide sequence of hspr 8-25, which contained an entire coding region of the enzyme, was determined. the clone encoded a protein of 261 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 28,047 daltons. the predicted amino acid sequence of human sepiapterin reductase showed a 74% identity with the rat enzyme. we fur ... | 1991 | 1883349 |
| influence of pentoxifylline and related analogues in endotoxemic renal failure. | acute kidney dysfunction, manifested by reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate with increased renal vascular resistance, is a common finding in septic shock. in an attempt to halt the progressive renal dysfunction, the hemorheologic methylxanthines, pentoxifylline (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of ptx) and 2 structurally-related analogues, 5 mg/kg of hwa-138 and 5 mg/kg of hwa-448, or saline wee given 7.5 hr after endotoxin infusion in the rat. renal function, assessed by single-dose ... | 1991 | 1884436 |
| conservation and evolution of the nucleus-encoded and chloroplast-specific ribosomal proteins in pea and spinach. | two cdna clones have been isolated from a lambda g11 cdna library constructed with poly(a)+ mrnas prepared from spinach seedlings. these nuclear cdnas encode chloroplast (cp) ribosomal (r) proteins designated l24 and l40. these r-proteins have been identified in the cp 50s r-subunit by immunoblot analysis, amino acid (aa) composition and n-terminal aa sequencing. the l24 r-protein contains a central eubacterial homologous core with the n- and c-terminal polypeptide extensions. the l40 r-protein ... | 1991 | 1889743 |
| sensitive immunoassay for rat parvalbumin: tissue distribution and developmental changes. | a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for measurements of rat parvalbumin was established using antibodies raised in rabbits with parvalbumin purified from skeletal muscles. antibodies in the antiserum were purified with a parvalbumin-coupled sepharose column. the sandwich-type immunoassay system for parvalbumin was composed of polystyrene balls with immobilized purified antibodies and the same antibodies labeled with beta-d-galactosidase from escherichia coli. the assay was highly sensitive and the mi ... | 1991 | 1892868 |
| comparative study of three recombinant hirudins with heparin in an experimental venous thrombosis model. | three recombinant hirudins (r-hirudins) produced by genetic processes from escherichia coli and yeast were studied. r-hirudins could be an alternative treatment to heparin; so, the antithrombotic activity of these drugs should be compared to heparin, the reference substance, in an experimental venous thrombosis model. in this model, the effect of these r-hirudins on thrombus weight reduction were not identical. they varied depending on the original product (e. coli or yeast). the growth-inhibiti ... | 1991 | 1894201 |
| identification of an amino acid-regulated mrna from rat liver as the mammalian equivalent of bacterial ribosomal protein l22. | amino acid deprivation of rat hepatoma cells induced the levels of a 612-base pair mrna termed asi (shay, n. f., nick, h. s., and kilberg, m. s. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 17844-17848). the asi mrna was present at levels equal to or greater than actin in every rat tissue tested. the corresponding full-length cdna was cloned, and the present report demonstrates that the deduced 184-residue amino acid sequence shares greater than 30% identity to a number of bacterial and chloroplast l22 ribosomal ... | 1991 | 1894596 |
| cdna cloning of human r-type pyruvate kinase and identification of a single amino acid substitution (thr384----met) affecting enzymatic stability in a pyruvate kinase variant (pk tokyo) associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. | cdna clones for human r-type pyruvate kinase (pk) were isolated from a human reticulocyte cdna library, constructed by pcr with a single gene-specific primer. the full-length cdna was 2060 base pairs long, and the cdna encoded 574 amino acids, the same number as that by rat r-type pk. compared with human l-type pk, r-type pk was 31 amino acids longer at the amino terminus. we also cloned and characterized r-type pk cdna clones from patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia from a pk deficiency, ... | 1991 | 1896471 |
| molecular cloning of the thymus-specific parvalbumin known as avian thymic hormone: isolation of a full length cdna and expression of the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. | the complete coding sequence of the thymus-specific parvalbumin called avian thymic hormone (ath) has been cloned into escherichia coli. the translated amino acid sequence was found to be identical to the sequence of map turtle parvalbumin at 90 of 108 positions. northern blot analysis of thymic rna indicated a transcript length of approximately 1050 bp. however, the ath cdna probe failed to hybridize to poly(a)+ rna from chicken leg muscle, a further indication that avian thymic hormone is dist ... | 1991 | 1897928 |
| expression of growth hormone-releasing factor analog leu27grf(1-44)oh in escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the expressed protein. | a recombinant plasmid has been constructed to direct the synthesis of leu27grf(1-44)oh in escherichia coli as a fusion protein containing a hexa-his tail followed by amino acids 1-99 of interferon-gamma and a methionine residue at the n-terminal. the expression of the 18-kda fusion protein (h6gamgrf) was induced by isopropylthiogalactoside treatment and the protein accumulated as insoluble aggregates in inclusion bodies. the protein aggregates were solubilized in 6 m guanidine-hcl and purified d ... | 1991 | 1897983 |
| purification and characterization of catalytically active precursor of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase expressed in escherichia coli. | the cdna coding for the precursor (p-aldh) or mature (m-aldh) rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was cloned in an expression vector pt7-7 and expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21 (de3)/plyss. the p-aldh expressed in e. coli was a soluble tetrameric protein. it exhibited virtually the same specific activity and kms for substrates as m-aldh. n-terminal sequencing of isolated p-aldh provided the evidence that the catalytic activity was not derived from a partially processed mature- ... | 1991 | 1898068 |
| role of cysteine residues in the activity of rat glutathione transferase p (7-7): elucidation by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis. | to clarify the role(s) of thiol (sulfhydryl) groups of cysteine (cys) residues in the activity of the rat glutathione transferase p (7-7) form (gst-p), a cdna clone, pgp5, containing the entire coding sequence of gst-p (y. sugioka et al., (1985) nucleic acids res. 13, 6044-6057) was inserted into the expression vector pkk233-2 and the recombinant gst-p (rgst-p) expressed in e. coli jm109. all four cys residues in rgst-p were independently substituted with alanine (ala) by site-directed mutagenes ... | 1991 | 1898401 |
| interferon-gamma reverses bone marrow inhibition following hemorrhagic shock. | hemorrhagic shock has been demonstrated to alter the myelopoietic response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. interferon-gamma has been shown to improve the immune response following experimental shock and injury; however, its effect on myelopoiesis is controversial. this study was performed to determine whether treatment with interferon-gamma will improve the bone marrow response to lipopolysaccharide after hemorrhagic shock. rats subjected to either shock or a sham procedure were allocated into ... | 1991 | 1898696 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial depression is not mediated by cyclooxygenase products. | we tested the hypothesis that a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide in vivo induces in vitro atrial depression in rats via release of cyclooxygenase products. male sprague-dawley rats (mean weight 366 +/- 9 [se] g) were injected iv at time 0 with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg, n = 22) or saline (2.5 ml, n = 11). some animals injected with lipopolysaccharide were pretreated 30 mins before with ibuprofen (15 mg/kg, n = 7). at time 2 hrs, the hearts were harvested and the atria were ... | 1991 | 1902766 |
| role of neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis in intraabdominal abscess formation in the rat. | our concept of the pathogenesis of acute salpingitis and advanced pelvic infection, such as tuboovarian abscess, is evolving. although neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis are thought to play a significant role in acute pelvic inflammatory disease, other microorganisms, such as aerobes and anaerobes, have repeatedly been reported to play a significant role, also, particularly in the patient with advanced disease. a study was designed to evaluate the pathogenesis, and particularly any ... | 1991 | 1903166 |
| analyzing the substrate specificity of saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyltransferase by co-expressing it with mammalian g protein alpha subunits in escherichia coli. | a dual plasmid system was used to examine the protein and acyl-coa specificities of saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) by co-expressing it in escherichia coli with each of four homologous alpha subunits of the signal-transducing, heterotrimeric g proteins. exogenous [3h]myristate was incorporated into rat gi alpha 1 and rat go alpha but not into bovine gs alpha or human gz alpha. oxygen for methylene group substitutions in myristate result in analogs with ... | 1991 | 1903791 |
| amino acid sequence of the fv region of a human monoclonal igm (nov) with specificity for the capsular polysaccharide of the group b meningococcus and of escherichia coli k1, which cross-reacts with polynucleotides and with denatured dna. | the complete amino acid sequences of the vh and vl regions of a biologically significant ig, igmnov, were determined. igmnov is reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of the group b meningococcus and of escherichia coli k1. as reported earlier, it cross-reacts completely with polynucleotides poly(a) and poly(i) and to a lesser extent with denatured dna and protects newborn rats against infection with e. coli k1, and is equal in potency to the standard horse anti-group b meningococcal serum. t ... | 1991 | 1907308 |
| effect of protein and lactulose on the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid by faecal escherichia coli. | the value of lactulose treatment in hepatic encephalopathy is widely recognised but its mode of action remains controversial. much evidence supports a role for gamma-aminobutyric acid in hepatic encephalopathy, and lactulose could alter its bacterial production in the gut. using the rat synaptic membrane assay and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid by faecal escherichia coli, with and without the addition of albumin, haemoglobin, whole blood, and lact ... | 1991 | 1916480 |
| intralipid adversely affects reticuloendothelial bacterial clearance. | lipid emulsion is a major caloric source in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. cleared by the kupffer cells of the reticuloendothelial system (res), lipid emulsion may adversely affect the res function by decreasing its ability to remove blood-borne bacteria. this study evaluates and compares the blood clearance and organ localization of viable radiolabeled [35s] escherichia coli following slow intraperitoneal (ip) and more rapid intravenous (iv) administration of a 20% fat emulsion ... | 1991 | 1919984 |
| identification and expression of the cdna of kin17, a zinc-finger gene located on mouse chromosome 2, encoding a new dna-binding protein. | we report the cloning of kin17 cdna, 1414 bp long with an orf of 391 residues showing a zinc finger and nuclear localization signals. by recloning the cdna into an appropriate vector, we produced kin17 protein in e. coli, purified it partially and shown that kin17 protein binds to double-stranded dna. the kin17 gene was localized by cytogenetic mapping in mouse chromosome 2, band a. genomic sequences homologous to kin17 cdna were detected also in rat and human dnas. kin17 mrna is highly expresse ... | 1991 | 1923796 |