| enhancement of humoral immune responses against viral vaccines by a non-pyrogenic 6-o-acylmuramyldipeptide and synthetic low toxicity analogues of lipid a. | 6-o-acyl derivatives of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine (mdp) and synthetic, low toxicity lipid-a analogues were examined for their ability to enhance the potency of current viral vaccines. 6-o-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-mdp (b30-mdp) in non-irritative vehicles such as physiological saline, phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), squalene-pbs emulsion, intralipid or liposomes, significantly stimulated the primary and secondary antibody production of guinea-pigs against influenza split or subuni ... | 1989 | 2718605 |
| effect of lipopolysaccharide on intestinal intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration in pigs: evidence of gut ischemia in a normodynamic model of septic shock. | we tested the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharide (lps) leads to an imbalance between mesenteric oxygen delivery (do2) and gut metabolic demand for oxygen, even when cardiac index (ci) is within the normal range. two groups of pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs (13 to 17 kg) were studied. the first group (lps; n = 9) was infused over 20 min with escherichia coli lps (100 micrograms/kg) and resuscitated with normal saline (1.2 ml/kg.min). the second group (ns; n = 5) was not infused with lps, but was ... | 1989 | 2736925 |
| a vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus with deletions in the thymidine kinase and glycoprotein x genes. | a pseudorabies virus (prv) mutant with deletions in genes for glycoprotein x (gx) and thymidine kinase, designated delta gx delta tk, was constructed and evaluated as a vaccine for protecting swine against prv-induced mortality. doses greater than or equal to 10(3) plaque-forming units (pfu) of this strain given to mice provided protection from challenge exposure with virulent prv. sera tested from mice inoculated with delta gx delta tk had high titers of neutralizing antibody to prv, but reacti ... | 1987 | 2829665 |
| pig heart calpastatin: identification of repetitive domain structures and anomalous behavior in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | isolation and nucleotide sequencing of the complementary dna for pig heart calpastatin have been completed. the amino acid sequence of 713 residues predicted from the nucleotide sequence contains five domains, each composed of approximately 140 amino acid residues. a unique n-terminal domain is followed by four mutually homologous domains. the best fit alignment of these four domains gives residue identities between any two domains of 22.5-36.0%. the analysis of the sequence similarities by seve ... | 1988 | 2837276 |
| analysis of structure-function relationship of pig calpastatin by expression of mutated cdnas in escherichia coli. | structure-function relationships in pig calpastatin were investigated. calpastatin is an endogenous inhibitor protein specifically acting on calpains (ca2+-dependent cysteine endopeptidases). we recently cloned and sequenced the cdna for pig heart calpastatin and determined the amino acid sequence of the molecule from the nucleotide sequence. various deletion mutants in one of the four internally repetitive domains (domain 3, approximately 140 amino acid residues) were created by in vitro site-d ... | 1988 | 2839481 |
| purification of the sendai virus nonstructural c protein expressed in e. coli, and preparation of antiserum against c protein. | an expression plasmid, ptac-c, was constructed by inserting the cdna of the coding region of the sendai virus nonstructural c protein downstream of the tac promoter of e. coli expression plasmid ptac12-bam. a new protein produced in e. coli after induction was purified to near homogeneity. the purified protein was found to be identical with the c protein predicted from the c gene cdna in molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, and the amino acid sequence at the n-terminal of ... | 1988 | 2850779 |
| [nature and incidence of carbadox resistance of escherichia coli isolated from fattening swine, calves and poultry]. | | 1985 | 2861657 |
| mannose-specific and hydrophobic interaction between escherichia coli and polymorphonuclear leukocytes--influence of bacterial culture period. | the influence of culture period on mannose-specific and hydrophobic properties of the bacterial surface and on bacteria/polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmnl) interaction was studied. four e. coli strains, pn7 (01:k1), abu2 (on:k14), cu9 (06:k14) and cu13 (08:kn) and two salmonella typhimurium strains 395 mr10 and 395 ms, well characterized according to physicochemical surface properties, presence of type 1 fimbriae and interaction with pmnl, were used in the study. the results show that with prolon ... | 1985 | 2861706 |
| application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for the detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k99 pilus antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues. | the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) technique was evaluated as a method for detecting enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k99 pilus antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues of swine. antigenic reactivity was optimal when tissues were processed in cold methanol according to a modified method of sainte-marie. this method of processing adequately preserved tissue morphology. the pap technique was applicable to tissues where endogenous peroxidase activity was minimal. | 1985 | 2862183 |
| enterococci in lambs. | | 1985 | 2862641 |
| pili of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from pigs and calves. | | 1985 | 2866678 |
| characterization of intestinal brush border guanylate cyclase activation by escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. | intestinal brush border guanylate cyclase was previously reported to be activated by the escherichia coli enterotoxin (sta). this system was reexamined in order to develop a hypothesis for the mechanism of activation. the extent of activation was previously underestimated, since by using sodium azide to inhibit competing reactions and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) n,n-tetraacetic acid to chelate ca2+, which is inhibitory, maximal activations of 30- to 50-fold were obtained. ca2+ inh ... | 1986 | 2868696 |
| in vivo properties of a cloned k88 adherence antigen determinant. | an escherichia coli strain of serotype o9:k36:h19 harboring the k88 recombinant plasmid pmk005 was able to efficiently colonize the small bowel of young piglets after oral infection. the strain expressed k88 antigen in vivo, and bacteria were detected in close association with the surface of the intestinal villi. mice infected orally or intravenously with attenuated salmonella typhimurium sl3261 harboring pmk005 were well protected against subsequent challenge with the highly virulent s. typhimu ... | 1986 | 2870029 |
| colonization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli exhibiting mannose-sensitive hemagglutination to the small intestine of piglets. | | 1986 | 2875380 |
| inhibition of adhesive activity of k88 fibrillae by peptides derived from the k88 adhesin. | a cyanogen bromide fragment derived from the k88ab adhesin inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of k88 fibrillae. smaller fragments which inhibited the adherence of k88 fibrillae to erythrocytes or to intestinal epithelial cells were obtained by digestion of k88ab fibrillae with alpha-chymotrypsin. active peptides were isolated from the digestion mixture and identified as ser-leu-phe and ala-ile-phe. both tripeptides correspond to the peptide stretches ser-148-leu-phe-150 and ala-156-ile-phe- ... | 1987 | 2879831 |
| f41 pili as protective antigens of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli that produce f41, k99, or both pilus antigens. | pigs suckling dams that have been vaccinated with pilus antigen are protected against challenge with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains that express the same pilus antigen. however, some etec strains express more than one pilus antigen. pregnant swine were vaccinated either with e. coli hb101 that harbored a recombinant plasmid coding for f41 expression (f41+) or with the hb101 parent strain that carries the phc79 vector (f41-). suckling pigs born to vaccinated dams were challenged ... | 1987 | 2880807 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies to probe subunit- and polymer-specific epitopes of 987p fimbriae of escherichia coli. | the relationship between the structure and biological function of 987p fimbriae of a strain of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (o9:k103:h-) from piglets was investigated. a set of four monoclonal antibodies was prepared from the spleen cells of mice immunized with isolated 987p fimbriae. antibodies e11, d5, and c3, but not g10, reacted in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with 987p fimbriae-bearing e. coli. electron microscopy showed that e11 and d5 reacted in a discrete periodic pattern formi ... | 1987 | 2881894 |
| a most primitive primodial gene as a building block of the genes for the adenylate kinase, f1-atpase subunits (epsilon and gamma), aminoacyl-trna synthetase, and core enzyme subunits. | internal homology units of f1-atpase epsilon and gamma subunits were searched by computer-aided methods. the epsilon in e. coli (ec) and maize chloroplast (ch1) was found to consist of three homologous domains, named domains i, ii and iii (amino acids 1-47, 48-95 and 96-139 for ec). the gamma in e. coli was demonstrated to have at least six homologous domains, tentatively named here domains i-iii and v-vii (i = aa 1-23, ii = 26-69, iii = 71-112, v = 150-192, vi = 196-242, vii = 285-329), with le ... | 1986 | 2882490 |
| bacterial lectins, cell-cell recognition and infectious disease. | numerous bacterial strains produce surface lectins, commonly in the form of fimbriae that are filamentous assemblies of protein subunits. among the best characterized of these are the type 1 (mannose specific) fimbrial lectins of escherichia coli that consist almost exclusively of one class of subunit with a molecular mass of 17 kda. they possess an extended combining site corresponding to a trisaccharide and preferentially bind carbohydrate units of oligomannose or hybrid type. type 1 fimbriae ... | 1987 | 2885220 |
| inheritance of k88-mediated adhesion of escherichia coli to jejunal brush borders in pigs: a genetic analysis. | the transmission and genetic organization of the adhesion of the serological variants of the k88 adhesin in the jejunum of the pig were investigated. the results of 28 matings of 5 boars with 15 sows are presented. on the basis of previous studies it has been accepted that the presence of specific receptor sites for k88ab and k88ac depends on a gene locus with 2 alleles s and s. the presence of additional receptor sites for k88ad is now presumed to depend on a separate locus with the alleles d a ... | 1987 | 2897739 |
| a point mutation abolishes binding of camp to site a in the regulatory subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase. | each regulatory subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase has two tandem camp-binding sites, a and b, at the carboxyl terminus. based on sequence homologies with the camp-binding domain of the escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein, a model has been constructed for each camp-binding domain. two of the conserved features of each camp-binding site are an arginine and a glutamic acid which interact with the negatively charged phosphate and with the 2'-oh on the ribose ring, respectively. ... | 1988 | 2898473 |
| expression of k99 adhesion antigen controlled by the escherichia coli tryptophan operon promoter. | the genetic determinant for the k99 adhesin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli b41 [o101:k99] has been cloned as a 7.0-kilobase bamhi-generated dna fragment into the vector pbr322 by us and others (j. d. a. van embden, f. k. de graaf, l. m. schouls, and j. s. teppma, infect. immun. 29:1125-1133, 1980). cells harboring one such construction, known as pk99-64, are capable of expressing k99 antigen on the cell surface. we replaced the natural promoter sequence for the gene encoding the k99 pilus s ... | 1988 | 2900812 |
| purification of k88 and k99 pili from porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by affinity chromatography. | | 1988 | 2902241 |
| prevalence of fimbrial antigens and enterotoxins in nonclassical serogroups of escherichia coli isolated from newborn pigs with diarrhea. | ninety-nine nonclassical serogroups isolated from newborn pigs with neonatal diarrhea were tested for fimbrial antigens f4(k88), f5(k99), f6(987p), f41, and f165, and for heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin a (sta), heat-stable enterotoxin b, verocytotoxin, and cytolethal-distending toxin. thirty-two strains, belonging mostly to serogroups o64:k"v142,", o9:k103, and o20:k101, were f5-positive and usually produced sta, although 5 strains produced only heat-stable enterotoxin b. fifte ... | 1988 | 2902817 |
| production, purification and partial characterization of a new adhesive factor (f42) produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from pigs. | production of the f42 adhesive factor by porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) grown on minimal solid medium was glucose-dependent. the addition of alanine and sodium acetate to this medium repressed the expression of this antigen whose production was also inhibited when the ph of the growing medium was lower than 7.4. the antigen was extracted from f42-positive etec grown in minimal liquid medium supplemented with 0.5% glucose. the cells were suspended in buffered 1 m nacl and heated ... | 1988 | 2902868 |
| [pilus type, hemagglutination titer and hemolysin production of escherichia coli isolated from urogenital infections]. | | 1988 | 2907594 |
| lipocortin-like anti-phospholipase a2 activity of endonexin. | endonexin (protein ii, 32.5 kda) has been purified to homogeneity from bovine liver in the following steps: selective extraction by egta from membranes precipitated with triton x-100/calcium; chromatography on deaf-tsk 545 at ph 7.0, endonexin being eluted at 0.1 m nacl; affinity chromatography on polyacrylamide-immobilized phosphatidylserine; gel filtration on tsk 3000. the amino acid composition was essentially similar to that previously reported. using [3h]oleic acid-labelled escherichia coli ... | 1987 | 2953628 |
| lipocortin inhibition of extracellular and intracellular phospholipases a2 is substrate concentration dependent. | hydrolysis of escherichia coli membrane phospholipids by pancreatic phospholipase a2 was inhibited by lipocortin from human monocytes in a substrate dependent manner. inhibition was completely overcome at substrate concentrations above 250 microm. lipocortin also inhibited partially purified preparations of two intracellular phospholipases a2 isolated from rat liver mitochondria and rat platelets when these enzymes were assayed at low micromolar concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine. inhibi ... | 1987 | 2954856 |
| purification and characterization of phospholipase a2 inhibitory proteins from pig thyroid gland. | a 32 kda phospholipase a2 inhibitory protein was isolated from pig thyroid gland after calcium precipitation and fast protein liquid anion-exchange chromatography. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the purity of the protein. the protein activity was assessed by the inhibition of pancreatic phospholipase a2 on [3h]oleic acid-labelled escherichia coli membranes as substrate and on the prostaglandin e2 production of cultured thyroid cells. the amino acid composition and the isoelectri ... | 1988 | 2969830 |
| effect of virus-induced destruction of villous epithelium on intestinal secretion induced by heat-stable escherichia coli enterotoxins and prostaglandin e1 in swine. | villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were induced in the jejunal epithelium of thirteen 3-week-old pigs by inoculation with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. the responses (changes in net fluid movement) induced in ligated intestinal loops of these pigs by intraloop injections of prostaglandin e1 (pge1) or escherichia coli broth culture filtrates containing either or both e coli heat-stable enterotoxins (sta and stb) were compared with the responses induced by these preparations in littermat ... | 1985 | 2986497 |
| coliform numbers in the stomach and small intestine of healthy pigs following weaning at three weeks of age. | in 60 weaned and 52 unweaned pigs, aged between 21 and 32 days, the number of coliform organisms in the gastric contents was found to be related to their ph value. the contents were generally more acidic in the weaned animals and contained fewer coliforms. haemolytic coliform organisms were never identified among selected isolates examined from the gastric contents although in weaned animals the haemolytic enterotoxigenic escherichia coli serotype 0149: k91, k88a,c (abbotstown strain) was common ... | 1985 | 2993375 |
| bacterial clearance and granulocyte response in experimental peritonitis. | clearance kinetics of escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis from the peritoneal cavity and functional properties of peritoneal and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) were studied in pigs. the bacteria, approximately 10(10) colony forming units (cfu) of each species, were intraperitoneally injected. blood and peritoneal exudate were sampled regularly during 24 hr for bacterial quantification and pmnl analysis. the peritoneal concentration of both species fell rapidly in the first 3 hr ... | 1986 | 3001405 |
| immunity to heat-labile enterotoxins of porcine and human escherichia coli strains achieved with synthetic cholera toxin peptides. | antiserum to a synthetic peptide, ctp3, consisting of residues 50 to 64 of the b subunit of cholera enterotoxin (ct), a sequence which is conserved in heat-labile enterotoxins from escherichia coli strains of human (h-lt) or porcine (p-lt) origin, cross-reacted with and neutralized all three enterotoxins. it also cross-reacted with genetically engineered chimeric b subunit proteins in which h-lt amino acids had been substituted for the corresponding residues in p-lt. antisera against another ct ... | 1986 | 3009330 |
| pseudorabies virus gene encoding glycoprotein giii is not essential for growth in tissue culture. | we have established that in the becker strain of pseudorabies virus (prv), the glycoprotein giii gene is not essential for growth in cell culture. this was accomplished by construction and analysis of viral mutants containing two defined deletion mutations affecting the giii gene. these mutations were first constructed in vitro and introduced into escherichia coli expression plasmids to verify structure and protein production. each mutation was then crossed onto prv by cotransfection of plasmid ... | 1986 | 3016326 |
| functional genes for cellobiose utilization in natural isolates of escherichia coli. | the genes for utilization of cellobiose are normally cryptic in both laboratory strains and natural isolates of escherichia coli. a survey of natural isolates of e. coli reveals that functional genes for cellobiose utilization, while rare, are present. the fraction of e. coli that utilized cellobiose ranged from less than 0.01% in human fecal samples to 7% in fecal samples obtained from horses. samples obtained from sheep, cows, dogs, and pigs contained 0.1 to 0.5% cellobiose-positive e. coli. n ... | 1987 | 3034866 |
| [serotypes of enteroinvasive escherichia coli in china]. | results of identification and serotyping of enteroinvasive escherichia in china from 13 provinces in china in 1984-85 were reproted. | 1988 | 3044604 |
| inhibition of attachment of escherichia coli rdec-1 to intestinal microvillus membranes by rabbit ileal mucus and mucin in vitro. | intestinal mucus is postulated to play a role in preventing colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by microbial pathogens. to evaluate the ability of both crude mucus and purified mucin, a glycoprotein of goblet cell origin, to inhibit mucosal adherence of enteric pathogens, we examined whether mucus and mucin derived from rabbit ileum interact with the rabbit enteropathogen escherichia coli rdec-1. we examined the manner in which mucus and mucin inhibited adherence of bacteria to rabbit ile ... | 1988 | 3045000 |
| inhibition of parathyroid hormone bioactivity by human parathyroid hormone (pth)-(3-84) and pth-(8-84) synthesized in escherichia coli. | human pth (hpth)-(3-84) and hpth-(8-84) were synthesized in escherichia (e.) coli when the cells were transformed with a multicopy plasmid in which the transcription of human prepropth cdna is directed by the e. coli lac promoter. pth fragments were extracted from cells and purified by reverse phase hplc. pth bioactivity and pth antagonist activity were estimated in a renal cytochemical bioassay. hpth-(3-84) and hpth-(8-84) exhibited less than 1% and less than 0.1%, respectively, of the biologic ... | 1988 | 3046927 |
| [detection of thermolabile enterotoxins of escherichia coli with the vero cell test, ganglioside (gm1)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination test--a comparative study]. | | 1988 | 3048243 |
| characteristics of verotoxigenic escherichia coli from pigs. | porcine verotoxigenic escherichia coli were characterized with respect to frequency of occurrence, serogroup, and association with disease, weaning, and selected properties of the bacterium. of 668 strains of e. coli from southern ontario pigs with enteric disease, 32 (4.8%) produced verotoxin at 10(3)-10(7) cytotoxic doses per ml of culture supernatant. of 22 isolates which belonged to o serogroups 138, 139 and 141, 15 produced verotoxin. among other enterotoxigenic types of e. coli, two of 57 ... | 1988 | 3048621 |
| characters of escherichia coli 078 isolated from septicaemic animals. | twenty-one escherichia coli isolates of serogroup 078 from animal septicaemia were obtained from laboratories in france, england and canada. the bacteria were compared for outer membrane protein (omp) patterns, lipopolysaccharide patterns, surface proteins of fimbrial types, biotypes, antibiotypes, colicin production, hydroxamate production and virulence in mice. sixteen isolates from bovine, ovine, porcine and avian species in france and england had a similar omp pattern. this characteristic as ... | 1988 | 3055657 |
| escherichia coli sepsis and endotoxemia in conscious young pigs. | in conscious pigs the influence of intravenous infusion of live e. coli (7 x 10(8)/kg), of the equivalent amount of endotoxin (20 micrograms/kg) or of a high dose of endotoxin (2.5 mg/kg) on the hemodynamic, clinical and pathological parameters and on survival rate was studied. e. coli and endotoxin infusion resulted in pulmonary hypertension, systemic arterial hypotension, a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in heart rate. clinical signs were characterized by respiratory and nervous di ... | 1988 | 3057723 |
| towards a live oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of swine. | a live oral vaccine has been developed against scouring induced in piglets by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). an attenuated strain of salmonella typhimurium, g30, has been used as a vector for plasmids encoding the production of the fimbrial colonization factors of porcine etec. initial studies with clones expressing k88 or k99 fimbriae have shown them to be well tolerated when administered orally in very high doses. the clones elicited serum, colostral and milk antibodies to the fimbri ... | 1988 | 3057757 |
| development and protective efficacy of a recombinant-dna derived fimbrial vaccine against enterotoxic colibacillosis in neonatal piglets. | a vaccine containing escherichia coli fimbriae produced by recombinant-dna techniques was tested in controlled challenge trials and in commercial piggeries experiencing neonatal enterotoxic colibacillocis. in the challenge trials, piglets suckling vaccinated sows were significantly protected from diarrhoea and colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic e. coli. high titres of anti-fimbrial igg antibody were detected in the serum and colostrum of vaccinated sows and in serum of their ... | 1988 | 3057758 |
| no effects of high intake of nitrate in drinking-water on urinary mutagenicity and cytogenetic tests in pigs. | | 1988 | 3061980 |
| effect of acupuncture on young pigs with induced enteropathogenic escherichia coli diarrhea. | thirty-four preweaning pigs with induced enteropathogenic escherichia coli diarrhea were treated with electroacupuncture, traditional acupuncture, or neomycin. in the group treated with electroacupuncture, points gv-1, bilateral st-36, and bai-hui were stimulated electrically. in the group treated with traditional acupuncture, points gv-1, bilateral st-36, bl-20, bulb points, bilateral ear tip, and shan-gen were used. acupuncture points cv-12 and bilateral st-25 also were treated with moxibustio ... | 1988 | 3066247 |
| [preservation of virulent properties of pathogenic escherichia in environmental objects]. | | 1988 | 3066703 |
| human c5a anaphylatoxin: gene synthesis, expression, and recovery of biologically active material from escherichia coli. | | 1988 | 3067055 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli serotype o8:kx105 and o8:k"2829" strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea. | twelve pathogenic and seven nonpathogenic enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains which were previously identified as belonging to serogroup o8:kx105 (a. broes, j. m. fairbrother, s. larivière, m. jacques, and w. m. johnson, infect. immun. 56:241-246, 1988) were further examined for their phenotypic and genotypic properties. only the 12 pathogenic strains were confirmed to possess the capsular antigen kx105. the seven nonpathogenic strains did not possess this antigen and thus were incorrectly ... | 1988 | 3069863 |
| effects of weaning on diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in three-week-old pigs. | we attempted to determine whether weaning is required for induction of diarrhea in pigs with postweaning enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infection. three-week-old newly weaned pigs and their suckling littermates were inoculated with the k88+ enterotoxigenic e coli strain m1823b. fourteen of 21 weaned and 12 of 20 suckling pigs were genetically resistant to intestinal adhesion by the k88+ strain of e coli; they remained healthy, and gained weight at similar rates. both groups of k88-resistant pi ... | 1988 | 3071192 |
| evolutionary relationships among the malate dehydrogenases. | | 1988 | 3076279 |
| vaccine development against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | | 1986 | 3078647 |
| pig skin as test substrate for evaluating topical antimicrobial activity. | the feasibility of using pathogen-contaminated pig skin as a model substrate for evaluating skin disinfectants was demonstrated. a test methodology is described that is safe, convenient to use, and adaptable to a variety of hand-washing conditions. the treatment protocol, pathogen contamination conditions, and application technique variables can all be carefully controlled to simulate clinical use conditions. the number of organisms transferred by contact was compared with the total organism cou ... | 1986 | 3093525 |
| the complete amino acid sequences of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart, and inferences on evolution of the isoenzymes. | we report here the complete amino acid sequences of the cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart. the two sequences can be aligned so that 48.1% of the amino acid residues are identical. the sequences have been compared with those of the cytosolic isoenzymes from pig and chicken, the mitochondrial isoenzymes from pig, chicken, rat, and human, and the enzyme from escherichia coli. the results suggest that the mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes have ev ... | 1986 | 3104605 |
| a new spectrophotometric assay for citrate synthase and its use to assess the inhibitory effects of palmitoyl thioesters. | we have demonstrated that citrate synthase may be assayed by a simple, discontinuous, spectrophotometric procedure based on the measurement of oxaloacetate utilization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. the assay is applicable both to the purified enzyme and to cell extracts, and has the advantage that it can be used in the presence of high concentrations of thiols and thioesters. we have used this new assay in part of our investigations into the inhibitory effects of palmitoyl thioesters on diver ... | 1988 | 3137924 |
| the g protein-gated atrial k+ channel is stimulated by three distinct gi alpha-subunits. | the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, gi, which inhibits adenylyl cyclase, has recently been shown to have three subtypes of the alpha-subunit, termed gi alpha-1, gi alpha-2 and gi alpha-3. they share 87-94% amino-acid sequence homology and so are difficult to separate from one another. among other functions, purified preparations activate k+ channels but there is confusion over which of the subtypes activates the muscarinic k+ channels of the atrial muscle of the heart: gi alpha-3, also terme ... | 1988 | 3143915 |
| effect of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist on experimentally induced diarrhoea in newly-weaned piglets. | | 1988 | 3146182 |
| fever and changes in plasma zinc and iron concentrations in the sow. | | 1988 | 3155445 |
| isolation of streptococcus suis from diseased pigs in canada. | a total of 260 isolates of streptococci collected over a 9-year period from diseased pigs submitted for necropsy were studied. seventy-seven percent of isolates were identified as s. suis and 32% of s. suis isolates were retrieved in pure culture. s. suis was found more frequently in lungs and was often isolated in conjunction with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, escherichia coli and other microorganisms. a total of 151 (76%) of s. suis isolates could be serotyped within ... | 1988 | 3176314 |
| pig bite injuries and infection: report of seven human cases. | six patients developed local infection after being bitten or gored by swine. wounding was often deep and occurred characteristically on the posterior aspect of the thigh. severity of infection varied from simple wound infection with discharge and slough to cellulitis and abscess formation; pathogens included haemolytic streptococci, pasteurellae, bacteroides sp., proteus sp. and escherichia coli and were usually isolated in mixed culture. a patient with pasteurella aerogenes infection appears to ... | 1988 | 3215292 |
| managemental influences on the selective proliferation of two strains of haemolytic escherichia coli in weaned pigs. | in an experimental study on a piggery it was found that haemolytic escherichia coli of o-serotypes 138 or 139 proliferated in the intestinal tracts of pigs following weaning, with e. coli of the o-138 type also being occasionally recovered from unweaned pigs, and once from a sow. organisms of the o-138 type produced heat labile enterotoxin and their presence in weaned pigs was associated with the development of severe post-weaning diarrhoea. e. coli of o-139 type produced a vero cell cytotoxin a ... | 1988 | 3281853 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in piggeries in victoria by dna hybridisation using k88, k99, lt, st1 and st2 probes. | rectal swabs collected from piglets with diarrhoea from commercial pig farms were examined for the presence of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) using dna hybridisation methods. the probes specifically detected genes for the k88 and k99 fimbrial antigens and the heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins. dna hybridisation methods detected more etec than could be detected by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or slide agglutination methods, and also offered the opportunity to t ... | 1988 | 3287758 |
| acute changes in pancreatic insulin secretion and hepatic glucose kinetics in endotoxemic miniature pigs. | we have proposed a misinformed b-cell hypothesis to describe the effects of increased glucose flux across the pancreatic b cell early in endotoxemia, whereby those cells might misinterpret the true glycemic state and thus induce increased insulin release. this hypothesis was supported by the observations that [6-3h]glucose-derived rates of glucose disappearance increased before systemic hyperinsulinemia appeared in endotoxemic yucatan miniature pigs. reevaluation of this hypothesis later showed ... | 1987 | 3296892 |
| virulence factors in escherichia coli isolated from piglets with neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in japan. | a total of 567 strains of escherichia coli were isolated from piglets with neonatal diarrhea (nd) or post-weaning diarrhea (pwd) in japan. they were investigated for enterotoxigenicity and possession of adhesins and o antigens. there were clear differences between the strains of nd origin and those of pwd origin in the occurrence of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) strains, type of enterotoxin and frequency of adhesins: etec was found in 77 (25.7%) of 300 strains of nd origin and in 137 (51.3%) of ... | 1987 | 3300012 |
| volume substitution and treatment with prostaglandin e1 in a porcine model of endotoxaemia-induced pulmonary and cardiovascular failure. | the effects of prostaglandin e1 (pge1) and volume substitution (5% albumin) on pulmonary haemodynamics and oxygen transport were evaluated in a porcine model of pulmonary and cardiovascular failure. albumin was infused i.v. to maintain baseline mean left atrial pressure throughout the experiments. ten pigs received endotoxin + albumin and showed ten-fold increase in venous admixture, 90% increased extravascular lung water and 25% fall in cardiac output. oxygen delivery and base excess decreased ... | 1987 | 3300118 |
| [mixed coli-rotavirus and cryptosporidium infection in newborn piglets]. | complex morphologic, parasitologic, virologic, and bacteriologic studies on pigs and fecal samples from pigs were carried out on a farm where an enteritis infection in newborn pigs was recorded. a mixed coli-rotavirus and cryptosporidium infection was established in 10--20-day-old pigs of the camborough hybrid with a clinically manifested enteritis syndrome. morphologically, the cryptosporidium component of the infection substantiated atrophic and dystrophic changes in the intestinal epithelium. ... | 1987 | 3303656 |
| enteric infections caused by non-enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in animals: occurrence and pathogenicity mechanisms. a review. | not all e. coli that cause diarrhoea in farm animals act by elaborating the classical heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins. these newly recognised animal enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) attach to and efface the microvilli of the gut epithelium and resemble the well known human epec. in rabbits, only this type of e. coli enteritis is known to be important and a similar disease has been shown to occur in cattle also. there is no doubt that adherence factors are important in the pathogenesis of ... | 1987 | 3307126 |
| [lyophilization of live ca-80 vaccine against coli enteritis in pigs]. | a live vaccine against coli enteritis in pigs, ca-80, with a protection medium of 5 per cent hemodex, was successfully freeze-dried in ampoules or vials at the rate of 5 to 10 vaccinal doses each, the titer ranging from 10(9) to 10(10) live bacteria per cu. cm, of a 12-month shelf-life period. the vaccine was found to be innocuous for pigs, and was intended for active immunoprophylaxis on both infected and menaced farms and complexes, applying it to sows in the last third of the gestation period ... | 1987 | 3307134 |
| incidence of the aerobactin iron uptake system among escherichia coli isolates from infections of farm animals. | to assess the importance of aerobactin-mediated iron uptake as a bacterial virulence determinant in animal infections, a total of 576 strains of escherichia coli isolated from cattle, chickens, sheep and pigs were screened by colony hybridization to determine the presence of the aerobactin genetic determinants, and by a bioassay to detect aerobactin secretion in iron-limited conditions. results obtained by the two complementary methods correlated well. the incidence of the aerobactin system was ... | 1987 | 3309175 |
| [passive immunoprophylaxis of dysentery in suckling pigs using maternal vaccination with attenuated escherichia coli mutants. 2. clinical and laboratory results of the combined use of three k88-, k99- and 987-p-containing types derived from escherichia coli mutants]. | | 1987 | 3314768 |
| secretion of biologically active porcine prophospholipase a2 by saccharomyces cerevisiae. use of the prepro sequence of the alpha-mating factor. | the cdna coding for porcine pancreatic prophospholipase a2 (propla) has been cloned and expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. expression and secretion of propla could only be obtained after fusing the propla to the prepro sequence of the yeast alpha-mating factor. upon secretion, the fusion protein was cleaved by the kex2 protease yielding a 140-amino-acid zymogen-like form of the phospholipase a2. this protein was purified in high yield by ion-exchange chromatography. limited proteolysis with ... | 1987 | 3319617 |
| verotoxin production among porcine strains of escherichia coli and its association with oedema disease. | strains of escherichia coli isolated from documented cases of disease in pigs and belonging to a wide range of pathogenic serotypes were tested for their ability to produce a heat labile verotoxin (vt). the strains isolated from oedema disease all produced vt, indicating that the cytotoxin detected by the vero-cell assay was identical to "oedema disease principle". strains belonging to the serotypes associated with enterotoxic diarrhoea were vt-. not all the strains belonging to the recognised o ... | 1987 | 3320373 |
| k88 variants k88ab, k88ac and k88ad in oral vaccination of different porcine adhesive phenotypes. immunological aspects. | sows of different adhesive phenotypes were vaccinated orally during the last 4 weeks of gestation with k88-positive escherichia coli. sows susceptible to adhesion by the k88 variant of the vaccination strain produced a significant iga-class specific anti-k88 response in colostrum and milk and post-farrowing serum. indications for an igm and igg-class specific anti-k88 response were also found in this group but only in milk. in sows resistant to adhesion by the k88 variant of the vaccination stra ... | 1987 | 3324461 |
| rapid fluorogenic enumeration of escherichia coli in selected, naturally contaminated high moisture foods. | an assay for the enzyme glucuronidase was used to determine the presence of escherichia coli in selected, naturally contaminated high moisture foods. raw pork sausage, ground turkey, and ground beef were inoculated into tubes containing the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-glucuronide (mug) in lauryl tryptose (lt) medium. after incubation at 35 degrees c for 24 h, the inoculated lt-mug tubes were examined under longwave ultraviolet light for the presence of a fluorogenic glucuronidase end p ... | 1987 | 3325491 |
| the elimination of furazolidone and its open-chain cyano-derivative from adult swine. | 1. a sensitive method for the determination of 3-(4-cyano-2-oxobutylidene amino)-2-oxazolidone, the open-chain cyano-derivative of the veterinary drug furazolidone, in swine plasma and tissues is described. 2. after dosing adult swine orally with furazolidone (690 mg/animal per day) for 10 days no furazolidone was detected in liver, kidney and muscle (less than 2 ng/g). the half life of furazolidone as measured from the terminal phase of the plasma curves was 45 minutes. in urine, small amounts ... | 1987 | 3326298 |
| [modification of isolated malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase by e. coli endotoxin]. | | 1987 | 3326321 |
| [serotype characterization of escherichia coli potentially producing enterotoxins in foods]. | the incidence of serotypes of escherichia coli usually described as enterotoxins producer was investigated in 137 samples of food from different origins (animal and vegetal). the serological analysis of the somatic "o", capsular "k" and flagellar "h" antigens in 265 isolates of escherichia coli resulted in the characterization of 34 strains, distributed in 12 serotypes. these organisms were obtained from 24 samples of food of animal origin. a possible association with epidemiological markers for ... | 1987 | 3333809 |
| an epimerase-reductase in l-fucose synthesis. | the first committed enzyme in gdp-l-fucose formation from gdp-d-mannose is gdp-d-mannose 4,6-dehydratase, which forms gdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose. the uncertain enzymatic steps beyond this point were examined in this study. assays were developed for the epimerase and reductase activities which the putative pathway would predict. a protein was isolated exhibiting homogeneity by several criteria. this single protein, which forms gdp-l-fucose from gdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose and nadh, appears to ... | 1988 | 3338988 |
| oxygen as an antibiotic. a comparison of the effects of inspired oxygen concentration and antibiotic administration on in vivo bacterial clearance. | since prophylactic antibiotics and changes in tissue partial pressure of oxygen may affect bacterial clearance by different mechanisms, we tested the effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia, and normoxia with and without antibiotic administration on bacterial clearance. we found that improving tissue oxygenation by administration of normobaric oxygen decreased infectious necrosis as effectively as prophylactic antibiotic administration and that improved tissue oxygenation and antibiotic administration had ... | 1986 | 3511888 |
| adhesion of k99-positive escherichia coli to intestinal brush borders of pigs. | ileal samples from 242 pigs, collected at 3 michigan slaughterhouses, were studied to determine the prevalence of intestinal receptors for k99-positive escherichia coli. a brush border adhesion test was used to identify the receptors. of the 242 samples examined, receptors were demonstrated in 230 (95%). after storage of brush border preparations at 4 c, bacterial aggregates lacking identifiable brush border fragments were present in samples tested for adhesion, indicating that k99 receptors may ... | 1986 | 3513677 |
| microscopic alterations in jejunal epithelium of 3-week-old pigs induced by pig-specific, mouse-negative, heat-stable escherichia coli enterotoxin. | the objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of swine jejunum to crude culture filtrates containing escherichia coli pig-specific, mouse-negative, heat-stable enterotoxin (stb) induces structural alterations in the jejunal mucosa of pigs. two ligated intestinal loops in each of twelve 3-week-old pigs were exposed for 2 hours to sterile e coli culture filtrates from each of the following strains: 431 (sta-producing), 1261 (sta and stb-producing), and 1790 (stb-producing); recombi ... | 1986 | 3516028 |
| inhibitory effect of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons on adherence of escherichia coli to human epithelial cells. | adherence of escherichia coli to epithelial cells is postulated to be a necessary step in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. investigations have focused on the role of carbohydrates in adherence because of the ability of mannose to inhibit adherence; however, there have been several reports of an additional hydrophobic receptor. here we describe the inhibition of adherence mediated by substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and the relationship of our findings to support the role o ... | 1986 | 3519463 |
| dna colony hybridization method using synthetic oligonucleotides to detect enterotoxigenic escherichia coli: collaborative study. | the genes that encode several of the enterotoxins produced by escherichia coli have been cloned by recombinant dna techniques. when the nucleotide sequence of these genes is determined, defined sequence oligonucleotides that include a part of these genes may be synthesized. a 22-base dna hybridization probe was produced for each of 2 heat-stable e. coli enterotoxin (st) genes: sth, from strains originally isolated from humans; and stp, from strains first found in pigs. for this study, 32p end-la ... | 1986 | 3522538 |
| development of vaccines for bacterial diseases using recombinant dna technology. | a vaccine was prepared using recombinant dna techniques to prevent fatal enterotoxigenic escherichia coli diarrhea in swine. the product, which is a subunit vaccine, was prepared by mechanical and chemical removal of pilus adhesins from the surface of genetically engineered strains of e. coli. the vaccine contains the pilus adhesins k88, k99, and 987p plus an adjuvant. the genes responsible for production of k88 and k99 were separately cloned into the multicopy vector pbr322. k88 was found to be ... | 1986 | 3524542 |
| mechanisms involved in protection provided by immunization against core lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli j5 from lethal haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in swine. | in an investigation of the potential protective effects of immunity against common lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria during a severe gram-negative infection in the natural host, we induced haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in weanling pigs immunized with a vaccine of an rc mutant of escherichia coli (strain j5). to help define the mechanism involved in j5-mediated protection, we compared the clinical, hematologic, bacteriologic, and serologic responses following an ... | 1986 | 3525407 |
| characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin from a hypertoxigenic escherichia coli strain that is pathogenic for cattle. | an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain isolated from a calf with clinical scours was found to produce over 17- to 60-fold more heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) than four laboratory-adapted bovine etec strains. the purified sta of this strain was identical to those produced by other etec strains. a severe form of scours was induced in 5- to 15-day-old colostrum-fed calves and in 1- to 2-week-old piglets by oral administration of the purified sta. this study demonstrates that sta is a medi ... | 1986 | 3525417 |
| [isolation of escherichia coli o 157 from pigs with diarrhea]. | biochemical and serologic studies were carried out with escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs affected with diarrhea. a total of 161 were investigated, 13 (8.01 per cent) of which were found to belong to serogroup o 157. almost all strains proved beta-hemolytic, enterotoxigenic, and k 88-positive. the strains of this serogroup were found for the first time in this country in swine colibacteriosis. | 1986 | 3526707 |
| resistance of c3h/hej mice to the effects of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. | comparisons were made in the mortality associated with an inhaled dose of viable haemophilus pleuropneumoniae type 5, strain j45, between adult c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice. mice of both strains were also challenged with escherichia coli strains o111:b4 and j5. the 50% lethal dose (ld50) of h. pleuropneumoniae in c3h/hen mice was calculated to be 10(6.5) cfu. at a mean dose of 10(6.7) cfu a 46% mortality rate occurred in c3h/hen mice, whereas only 10% of the c3h/hej mice died (p less than 0.01). dea ... | 1986 | 3527983 |
| development of intestinal antibodies against escherichia coli antigens in piglets with experimental neonatal e. coli diarrhoea. | intestinal immune responses to escherichia coli antigens were studied in conventionally reared piglets orally infected on the first day of life with a virulent enterotoxigenic e. coli (o149: k88). during the first week of life intestinal antibodies were produced against the homologous lipopolysaccharide (lps) as well as against the k88 antigen and the heat-labile enterotoxin (lt). on day 7, anti-lps antibodies of the iga and igg classes were detected in most piglets, whereas anti-k88 antibodies ... | 1986 | 3529605 |
| antibacterial mechanism of volatile fatty acids in the intestinal tract of pigs against escherichia coli. | | 1986 | 3529751 |
| experimental escherichia coli endotoxin-induced sensitisation and abortion in sows. | subcutaneous injection of 235 micrograms endotoxin from e coli 08: k87, k88ab into two sows 14 days before the expected farrowing date elicited a toxic shock reaction but the sows recovered and farrowed normally. no reaction was observed in two other sows which had received endotoxin-free 0.9 per cent saline. in a subsequent pregnancy, the same four sows were injected subcutaneously with 23 mg of the same endotoxin preparation. those which had previously received endotoxin exhibited a severe sho ... | 1986 | 3532245 |
| mortality in swine herds endemically infected with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae: effect of immunization with cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of escherichia coli. | the benefit of increased immunity to cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria induced by vaccination with an rc mutant of escherichia coli 0111:b4 (strain j5) was evaluated in commercial swine herds endemically infected with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. weanling pigs were vaccinated im with e coli j5 (group 1) before the expected time of h pleuropneumoniae infection. clinical signs, antibiotic treatment frequency, mortality, growth performance (days to market we ... | 1986 | 3532872 |
| [assessment of the effectiveness of vaccines against coli dysentery of piglets]. | | 1986 | 3532990 |
| evaluation of selective media for primary isolation of treponema hyodysenteriae and treponema innocens. | a total of 2450 samples of feces, intestinal contents and colon mucosal scrapings were bacteriologically examined. a total of 53 strains of treponema sp. were isolated, and 45 strains of bacteroides sp., 30 strains of e. coli, 30 strains of micrococcus sp. and 10 strains of streptococcus d isolates were randomly selected. growth promoting studies showed statistically significant stimulation of treponema sp. growth by yeast extract, chicken egg yolk and rumen fluid. different growth inhibitors we ... | 1986 | 3533408 |
| endotoxemia in yucatan miniature pigs: metabolic derangements and experimental therapies. | endotoxemia is a frequent complication of many health disorders. it is characterized by systemic release of a variety of endogenous inflammatory mediators which effect cardiovascular depression, reductions in organ blood flow, tissue ischemia and derangements in cellular metabolism leading to death. during a continuous intravenous infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, the chronology of alterations in hepatosplanchnic blood flow, hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic insulin s ... | 1986 | 3534441 |
| acute inflammatory effects of intratracheally instilled escherichia coli endotoxin and sonicated suspension of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in swine. | a single bolus of either escherichia coli endotoxin, sonicated suspension of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, or pyrogen-free normal saline was intratracheally instilled in six week old specific-pathogen-free pigs. pigs exposed to e. coli endotoxin developed fever, leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, and endotoxemia. leukocytosis was the only clinical abnormality noted in pigs receiving the sonicated suspension of h. pleuropneumoniae. at one day postexposure, focal areas of atelectasis and consoli ... | 1986 | 3539296 |
| apramycin and gentamicin resistance in escherichia coli and salmonellas isolated from farm animals. | since the aminoglycoside antibiotic apramycin was licensed for veterinary use in 1980, all isolates of escherichia coli and salmonellas received at the central veterinary laboratory have been monitored for resistance to apramycin and the related antibiotic gentamicin. during the period 1982-4, the incidence of resistance in e. coli to apramycin increased from 0.6% in 1982 to 2.6% in 1984. in salmonellas the incidence of resistance to apramycin increased from 0.1% in 1982 to 1.4% in 1984. resista ... | 1986 | 3540112 |
| [effect of intestinal microflora on the pathogenesis of cholera intoxication]. | germ-free minipigs, previously treated with bacteroids, develop cholinergic reaction after the intragastric administration of vibrio cholerae exotoxin. the intensity of this reaction, disturbances in homeostasis, and the character of morphological changes depend on the dose of choleragen, the bacteroid strain, and the presence of the concomitant (escherichia coli) and residual microflora in the intestine. | 1986 | 3541468 |
| structural and functional relationships between fumarase and aspartase. nucleotide sequences of the fumarase (fumc) and aspartase (aspa) genes of escherichia coli k12. | the nucleotide sequences of two segments of dna (2250 and 2921 base-pairs) containing the functionally related fumarase (fumc) and aspartase (aspa) genes of escherichia coli k12 were determined. the fumc structural gene comprises 1398 base-pairs (466 codons, excluding the initiation codon), and it encodes a polypeptide of mr 50353 that resembles the fumarases of bacillus subtilis 168 (citg-gene product), rat liver and pig heart. the fumc gene starts 140 base-pairs downstream of the structurally- ... | 1986 | 3541901 |
| flow of resistance genes in the environment and from animals to man. | some antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur naturally in the environment but many arise by contamination with human and animal excreta in sewage, slurry and manure. these may be ingested as contaminants of water, animal feeds and cultivated foods or, in the case of animals, by licking their environment. gene transfer has been demonstrated in voided calf faeces and the resultant transconjugants, subsequently ingested, colonized the calf gut. identified strains of antibiotic-resistant escherichia col ... | 1986 | 3542937 |