| [hepatitis c virus infection in patients treated with hemodialysis]. | the prevalence of hepatitis c infection was evaluated (ortho hcv antibody elisa test) in 64 patients with chronic renal failure treated in a single hemodialysis unit. none of these patients was a carrier of hepatitis b virus nor of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. antibodies against hepatitis c virus were detected in 11 patients (17%). the prevalence was higher in the 13 previously diagnosed of non a, non b hepatitis (77%) than in the 51 without previous hepatitis (2%) (p less th ... | 1990 | 2123506 |
| [recent acquisitions on viral hepatitis]. | in the last years the research on viral hepatitis let to better understand the biological, molecular, immunological and epidemiologic characteristics of the viruses that are responsible for hepatitis. the first studied virus was hepatitis b virus (hbv). the scientific attention is still, today, focused on that virus since new markers of infectivity and biological importance in early diagnosis and in disease evolution have been found. the most important result in the last years in the field of vi ... | 1990 | 2125720 |
| [long-term treatment of cryptogenic hepatitis c using recombinant interferon alpha]. | in a pilot study 15 patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis non-a, non-b received human recombinant interferon alpha (rifna) at a dosage of 5 million units 3 times per week for periods of up to 4 months, followed by an additional 4-month course of treatment with 2 million units 3 times per week after an observed reduction in serum aminotransferase levels. ten of the 15 patients demonstrated antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv). pretreatment histological examinations revealed evidence of chr ... | 1990 | 2125776 |
| treatment of chronic viral hepatitis anno 1990. | alpha-interferon has emerged as the most effective agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis when active replication of virus b, c, or d is present. exogenous administration of human alpha-interferon, now possible through modern large-scale production methods, is associated with suppression of virus in blood. amelioration of liver disease occurs in 35% of patients with hepatitis b virus and in 50% with hepatitis c virus with interferon doses of 30 and 10 mu per week, respectively, for 16-26 w ... | 1990 | 2126146 |
| hepatitis c antibody in a non-hemophiliac cohort infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | development of a serologic test which detects antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) allowed us to compare the seroprevalence of hepatitis c and hepatitis b in 493 persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these persons, none of whom are hemophiliacs, are part of the us air force hiv natural history study. we found that hepatitis b core antibody (anti-hbc) was far more prevalent (59%) than anti-hcv (8%). anti-hbc prevalence was not different between those with and those wit ... | 1990 | 2127529 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | serum specimens from 111 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected and 183 hiv-1 seronegative patients were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by enzyme linked immunoassay (elisa) and radioimmunoassay. anti-hcv and anti-hbv antibodies were found in the vast majority (89 and 83%, respectively) of intravenous drug addicts (ivda), independent of the type of drug abuse or whether the patients were hiv-1 infected or not. ... | 1990 | 2127586 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy for chronic non-a, non-b (type c) hepatitis. | the effects of alpha-interferon therapy were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b versus placebo in patients with well-documented chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis (type c). forty-one patients, of whom 37 (90%) had hepatitis c virus antibodies in their serum, were enrolled in the trial. twenty-one patients received interferon (2 million units) and 20 received placebo as subcutaneous injections three times weekly for 6 months. ... | 1990 | 2127786 |
| recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in community-acquired non-a, non-b chronic active hepatitis. preliminary results of a randomized, controlled trial. | a randomized, controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the response to recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with hepatitis b surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis of unknown aetiology (community-acquired non-a, non-b hepatitis). thirty patients were treated with thrice weekly interferon in a dose of 6 million units for 1 month, followed by 3 million units for 3 months and 1 million units maintenance therapy for 8 months. patients who relapsed were returned to the previously ... | 1990 | 2127791 |
| recombinant gamma-interferon as adjuvant to hepatitis b vaccine in hemodialysis patients. | patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis b yet tend to have poor rates of response to hepatitis b vaccine. the effect of recombinant human gamma-interferon (2 million units/m2) on the response to a recombinant hepatitis b vaccine was evaluated in a prospective, randomized controlled trial in 81 hemodialysis patients. a similar proportion of both groups of vaccinees ultimately developed antibody to hbsag including 81% of the 41 recipients of vaccine alone ... | 1990 | 2145212 |
| high frequency of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1990 | 2153357 |
| [recent advances on hepatitis c virus research]. | | 1990 | 2154632 |
| [isolation of a cdna clone derived from variant type of hepatitis c virus]. | | 1990 | 2154633 |
| [separation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome and its application for diagnosis of hcv infection]. | | 1990 | 2154634 |
| [hepatitis c virus and its pathogenicity]. | | 1990 | 2154637 |
| hepatitis c virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important human pathogen that is associated with transfusion-related non-a, non-b hepatitis. recently, hcv cdna was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of approximately three-quarters of the virus genome was determined. a region of the predicted polyprotein sequence was found to share similarity with a nonstructural protein encoded by dengue virus, a member of the flavivirus family. we report here that hcv shares an even greater degree of protein sequence similarity ... | 1990 | 2156259 |
| [testing for hepatitis c]. | over the past 10 years, 12,146 cases of hepatitis were diagnosed in the virology department of vienna university. 30.3% were hepatitis a, 39.2% hepatitis b, 3.0% cytomegalovirus and 1.5% epstein-barr virus infections. the remaining 25.8% were diagnosed as non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb). therefrom, a sample of 167 sera from acute and 78 from chronic hepatitis nanb were tested for hepatitis c. 9.6% of the acute and 44.9% of the chronic cases were positive. we conclude from these data that about 12% ... | 1990 | 2156382 |
| hepatitis c. | the major cause of chronic post-transfusion hepatitis, the hepatitis c virus (hcv), has been identified. hcv is a single-stranded linear rna virus with characteristics similar to the flaviviruses. a different agent, the hepatitis e virus, is associated with epidemic (enterically-transmitted) non-a, non-b hepatitis. at present, infection with hcv is recognized by the finding of anti-hcv antibodies, positive in up to 90% of patients with chronic non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. antibodies ... | 1990 | 2159711 |
| [hepatitis c virus and hepatocellular carcinoma]. | | 1990 | 2159872 |
| [infection with hepatitis viruses hav, hbv and hcv as well as with aids virus hiv in drug addicts of the zurich street scene--a prevalence study]. | 382 i.v. drug abusers were tested for a past or ongoing infection with the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), the newly discovered c (hcv) and with the aids virus hiv. the cohort studied was representative for i.v. drug users of the zurich street scene including occasional users, weekend users and severe drug addicts. 56% of the drug users tested showed hbv markers. 21% had an ongoing infection. 32% were naturally hbv immune and 4% showed immunity due to vaccination. hav markers were detected i ... | 1990 | 2160123 |
| serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus in italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) were detected in 60.8% of 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). cirrhosis, present in most of the patients, as well as alcohol abuse, age, sex, and alpha-fetoprotein were equally distributed in the anti-hcv-positive and -negative groups. hbsag positivity was significatively higher in negative anti-hcv group. by contrast, hepatitis b virus (hbv) antibodies were detected more frequently in positive anti-hcv patients than in the negative an ... | 1990 | 2160517 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c viral markers in black and white patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states. | the recent cloning of the genome of a non-a, non-b hepatitis agent, designated the hepatitis c virus (hcv), has led to the development of an immunoassay for circulating hcv antibodies (anti-hcv). we used this immunoassay to investigate the possible association between hcv infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in black and white residents of los angeles county, california. serum samples from 51 patients (12 black and 39 white) in los angeles county with hepatocellular carcinoma and 128 control s ... | 1990 | 2161463 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic viral hepatitis. aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. | two major aetiological factors have been definitively incriminated in the pathogenesis of hcc: these are chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis. chronic infection with hepatotropic viruses may account for the majority of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in high incidence areas, and a varying prevalence of human hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus infection appears to determine the differing geographical prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in high and low incidence areas of the world. patients ... | 1990 | 2165844 |
| hepatitis c virus and transfusion transmitted liver disease: review. | | 1990 | 2166092 |
| hepatitis c virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | a possible causative role for the recently discovered hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) was investigated by assay of sera from hcc patients in japan for antibodies to a recombinant hcv antigen and to hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigens. among the 253 hcc patients examined, 156 (61.7%) had no serum markers of either a previous or a current hbv infection (group i), 46 (18.2%) were negative for hbv surface antigen but positive for anti-hbv surface and/or anti ... | 1990 | 2168552 |
| allele loss on chromosome 16 associated with progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma. | loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 is a common genetic alteration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). to clarify the pathogenetic significance of allele loss on chromosome 16, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 70 surgically resected tumors by using 15 polymorphic dna markers for chromosome 16. loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 was detected in 36 (52%) of 69 informative cases, and the common region of allele loss in these 36 tumors was located betwe ... | 1990 | 2168560 |
| prevalence of antibody against non-a, non-b hepatitis virus in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | antibodies against a possible causative agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis, hepatitis c virus (hcv), in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system from ortho diagnostic systems, japan. fifty of 58 cases of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma were positive for the antibody (86%) and 8 of 42 cases of hbsag-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were positive (19%). among patients with hbsa ... | 1990 | 2169469 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in an area hyperendemic for hepatitis b and chronic liver disease: the taiwan experience. | to assess the contribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in liver disease in taiwan, antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) was studied by radioimmunoassay in 392 patients with chronic liver disease and in 440 healthy adults and 444 subjects at risk. the anti-hcv prevalence was 0.95% in 420 volunteer blood donors, 90% in 100 hemophiliacs, and 81% in 58 parenteral drug abusers. anti-hcv was present in 6 (7.7%) of 78 hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive and 28 (65%) of 43 hbsag-negative patients with chr ... | 1990 | 2169497 |
| the 5'-terminal sequence of the hepatitis c virus genome. | the 5'-terminal sequence of the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was determined for two distinct hcv strains in human and chimpanzee carriers. it had a 5'-noncoding region of at least 324 nucleotides, well preserved by the two strains with a high homology (99.1%), followed by 1348 nucleotides that continued to the documented sequence of prototype hcv spanning 7310 nucleotides (european patent application #88310922.5). based on these results, hcv is considered to possess an uninterrupted open re ... | 1990 | 2170712 |
| susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with coronaviruses of other species. | the susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-related coronaviruses was tested in infant cd1 mice. one day old mouse pups were inoculated intranasally with respiratory mhv-s, enteric mhv-y, rat sialodacryoadenitis virus (sdav), human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) or bovine coronavirus (bcv). twenty-four hours later, they were placed in direct contact with age matched sham inoculated pups. indices of infection in virus inoculated mice inc ... | 1990 | 2170746 |
| association of autoimmune hepatitis with hla-bw54 and dr4 in japanese patients. | human leukocyte antigen-d region-related alleles (human leukocyte antigen dr and dq) and human leukocyte antigen class i alleles were typed serologically in 31 japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis. these patients had increased serum levels of ast and igg, high titers of autoantibodies, no history of blood transfusion and were negative for hbsag and antibodies to hbc. three hundred eighty-six healthy subjects and 30 patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis served as control groups. the ... | 1990 | 2175292 |
| molecular cloning of the human hepatitis c virus genome from japanese patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the nucleotide sequence of the japanese type of hepatitis c virus (hcv-j) genome, consisting of 9413 nucleotides, was determined by analyses of cdna clones from plasma specimens from japanese patients with chronic hepatitis. hcv-j genome contains a long open reading frame that can encode a sequence of 3010 amino acid residues. comparison of hcv-j with the american isolate of hcv showed 22.6% difference in nucleotide sequence and 15.1% difference in amino acid sequence. thus hcv-j and the america ... | 1990 | 2175903 |
| the putative nucleocapsid and envelope protein genes of hepatitis c virus determined by comparison of the nucleotide sequences of two isolates derived from an experimentally infected chimpanzee and healthy human carriers. | cdna fragments of a 5'-terminal region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome were isolated by the reverse polymerase chain reaction from rna extracted from plasma samples of healthy japanese carriers. their nucleotide sequence was compared with that of the original isolate which had been passaged twice in chimpanzees. no deletions or insertions were observed between the two sequences in the regions examined. both the 5' untranslated and putative nucleocapsid (core) protein regions were highly co ... | 1990 | 2177094 |
| hepatitis a, b, c, d and e viruses: structure of their genomes and general properties. | hepatitis a virus is an enteric picornavirus. its genome is a single stranded rna molecule of positive-strand polarity of 7478 bases. this sequence codes for a polyprotein which is processed to give rise to viral proteins vp-1, vp-2, vp-3 and others. hepatitis b virus, a major worldwide infectious and cancer promoting agent contains a dna genome of 3226 base pairs that replicates by a reverse transcriptase via an rna intermediate. extensive sequencing and expression experiments have revealed fou ... | 1990 | 2227269 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, sexually transmitted diseases and hiv-antibody testing practices in belgian prostitutes. | from december 1988 to april 1989, 154 female prostitutes in and around ghent, belgium, were interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to the risks for sexually transmitted diseases (std) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in their profession. thirty four women worked as window prostitutes, 120 picked up their clients in bars, clubs, and saunas. blood samples were taken from 123 women. one (0.8%) was seropositive for hiv1, 19 (15.4%) had hepatitis b core ... | 1990 | 2245981 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of human coronavirus hcv 229e. | the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of the human coronavirus hcv 229e has been cloned and sequenced. this analysis predicts an s polypeptide of 1173 amino acids with an mr of 128,600. the polypeptide has 30 potential n-glycosylation sites. a number of structural features typical of coronavirus s proteins can be recognized, including a signal sequence, a membrane anchor, heptad repeat structures and a carboxy-terminal cysteine cluster. a detailed, computer-aided comparison with the s protein ... | 1990 | 2345367 |
| informed consent, risk, and blood transfusion. | informed consent for blood transfusion has become a necessity in light of the known risks associated with this service. all transfusion services should institute written informed consent that clearly defines the patient's options, including the use of homologous blood, autologous blood, and directed donations. the risk of transfusion with an infectious blood product is dependent on the number of donors per recipient and the prevalence of undetected, contaminated blood in the tested blood supply. ... | 1990 | 2366570 |
| [post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis: is a specific test in sight?]. | the prevention of non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb-pth) is of the utmost importance in the blood bank setting, since the estimated attack rate amounts to 0.1-1.0% in germany and greater than or equal to 2% in the usa. the value of 'surrogate markers', anti-hbc and alt, remains a matter of controversy. in early 1988, a small (60 nm), single-stranded rna-virus (toga- or flaviviridae), probably causing both sporadic and parentally transmitted nanbh was isolated, partially cloned by a lambda gt 11 expre ... | 1989 | 2481550 |
| a randomized controlled open study of interferon alpha-2b treatment of chronic non-a, non-b posttransfusion hepatitis: no correlation of outcome to presence of hepatitis c virus antibodies. | 33 patients with biopsy-proven chronic non-a, non-b posttransfusion hepatitis (nanb pth) were randomized 2:1 to treatment with interferon alpha-2b (introna) or to controls. the treatment group received 3 mu interferon 3 times weekly subcutaneously for 36 weeks. 22/33 (67%) patients were reactive for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). 11/19 (58%) treated patients versus none of the 12 controls had a complete response with normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels (p les ... | 1989 | 2482536 |
| transfusion-associated hepatitis c virus (non-a, non-b) infection. | non-a, non-b (nanb) is a term used to describe viral hepatitis not due to hepatitis b virus or hepatitis a virus. two forms of nanb hepatitis have been identified: (1) an epidemic type usually transmitted enterically and (2) a parenterally transmitted form caused by hepatitis c virus. while the latter often is assumed to be transfusion transmitted, data from surveillance programs suggest that the incidence of nanb transfusion-associated hepatitis (tah) is decreasing. strategies for preventing ta ... | 1989 | 2493234 |
| an assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a specific assay has been developed for a blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) virus in which a polypeptide synthesized in recombinant yeast clones of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is used to capture circulating viral antibodies. hcv antibodies were detected in six of seven human sera that were shown previously to transmit nanbh to chimpanzees. assays of ten blood transfusions in the united states that resulted in chronic nanbh revealed that there was at least one positive blood donor in nin ... | 1989 | 2496467 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in haemophiliacs. | the prevalence of 1) hepatitis c virus (hcv), an agent likely to be responsible for parenterally transmitted hepatitis non-a, non-b, 2) hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 3) human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was studied in 211 patients with clotting disorders (78% of the patients had residual factor activities of less than or equal to 2%). of these patients 71% were positive for hbv markers and 44% for hiv markers. using a new elisa technique, 80% were anti-hcv-positive. the prevalence of an ... | 1989 | 2506955 |
| cloning of a cdna associated with acute and chronic hepatitis c infection generated from patients serum rna. | in order to clone hepatitis c (blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis) virus, lambda gt11-cdna library was constructed from rna extracted from 100 liters serum collected from 1,047 donors with elevated alt levels and negative for hepatitis b virus-dna. the library was immunoscreened on y1090 cells with pooled serum obtained from patients with acute hepatitis c or chronic hepatitis c. by screening 29 clones specific for japanese hepatitis c infection were isolated. the specificity of these clones for ... | 1989 | 2509278 |
| a lambda gt11-cdna clone specific for chronic hepatitis c generated from pooled serum presumably infected by hepatitis c virus. | a lambda gt11-random-primed-cdna clone specific for chronic hepatitis c was isolated from pooled serum presumably infected by hepatitis c virus. the translation product of the clone detect 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis c in 4 test panels but none of the patients with acute hepatitis c, other liver diseases or normal controls was positive for the peptide. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna clone, the size of which is 66 bp, has no homology to the complete sequences of known human viruse ... | 1989 | 2509279 |
| detection of antibody to hepatitis c virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | we measured antibody (anti-hcv) to hepatitis c virus, which causes non-a, non-b hepatitis, by radioimmunoassay in prospectively followed transfusion recipients and their donors. of 15 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis documented by liver biopsy, all seroconverted for the antibody; of 5 with acute resolving non-a, non-b hepatitis, 3 (60 percent) seroconverted. the development of anti-hcv was delayed (mean delay, 21.9 weeks after transfusion, or 15 weeks after the onset of clinical hepa ... | 1989 | 2509915 |
| recombinant interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis c. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | infection with the hepatitis c virus may result in chronic liver disease for which no effective therapy is now available. we studied the effects of recombinant human interferon alfa in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with well-documented chronic hepatitis c. forty-one patients were enrolled in the trial, 37 of whom were later found to have antibody to hepatitis c virus. twenty-one patients received interferon alfa (2 million units) subcutaneously thr ... | 1989 | 2509917 |
| the elusive hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2510874 |
| prevalence of infection with hepatitis c virus in australia. | | 1989 | 2512471 |
| a cdna fragment of hepatitis c virus isolated from an implicated donor of post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis in japan. | recently, a cdna from the hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna genome has been isolated in the usa from a chronically infected chimpanzee. in order to isolate hcv cdna derived from human material, rna was extracted from plasma of a japanese blood donor implicated in post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis and hcv cdna was synthesized and amplified by the pcr method using hcv-specific oligonucleotide primers. the cdna fragment, 583 nucleotides long, showed 79.8% homology at the nucleotide level and 92.2% ... | 1989 | 2513560 |
| [the main causal agent of posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis is hepatitis c virus]. | | 1989 | 2517243 |
| sequence analysis of nucleocapsid gene and leader rna of human coronavirus oc43. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-end of the genomic rna of human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) was determined from the cdna clones of the intracellular virus-specific mrnas. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the main open reading frame (orf), which represents the nucleocapsid (n) protein, were highly homologous to those of bovine coronavirus (bcv) mebus strain. this orf predicts a protein of 448 amino acids. additional smaller orfs are also present in a different re ... | 1989 | 2541577 |
| does non-a, non-b hepatitis cause hepatocellular carcinoma? | the mechanism by which hbv infection leads to hepatocellular carcinoma is not as well defined as one would wish. while integration of viral dna into host chromosomal dna may be an important mechanism, especially in relatively "normal" livers, another mechanism more closely related to chronic cell death and regeneration resulting from chronic hepatitis is probably also important. thus, hepadnaviral hepatocarcinogenesis may be multifaceted. although it is not known whether the genome of hcv can in ... | 1989 | 2559795 |
| [primary carcinoma of the liver and hepatitis c virus in italy. a prospective study in patients with cirrhosis]. | the possibility to detect the antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv) has allowed to estimate the prevalence of this virus in patients with hepatic disease, mostly in those with hepatitis considered non-a non-b. literature shows that hcv causes about 75% of cases of cryptogenic hepatitis and more than the 90% of post-transfusional hepatitis. circumstantial evidence suggests the existence of a relationship between parenterally-transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis (pth) and primary liver cancer (plc). wi ... | 1989 | 2561301 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies among risk groups in spain. | the frequency of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in spain was assessed by means of a recombinant-based immunoassay for serum anti-hcv antibodies. 836 serum samples were tested from 676 patients selected according to their risk of blood-borne viral infections and presence of liver disease. among patients at high risk of infection (with or without liver disease) anti-hcv antibodies were found in 85% of prospectively followed patients with post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis, 62% of patients ... | 1989 | 2569102 |
| anti-hepatitis c antibodies and non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis in the netherlands. | in a prospective study carried out in the netherlands (1984-86) to establish the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis non-a, non-b (pth-nanb) in patients undergoing open heart surgery, 393 patients received 5315 blood product transfusions. pth-nanb developed in 9 patients (index cases); stored serum samples from these patients and from 9 control patients, matched for age, sex, and number of blood product transfusions, as well as serum samples of all implicated blood products, were selected re ... | 1989 | 2569103 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in german blood donors. | | 1989 | 2569115 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2569116 |
| screening for hepatitis c virus antibody. | | 1989 | 2570213 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in haemophilia. | | 1989 | 2570255 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in french blood donors. | | 1989 | 2571026 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in italian blood donors. | | 1989 | 2571027 |
| liver disease in anti-hbe positive chronic hbsag carriers and hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2571028 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody. | | 1989 | 2571029 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in non-a, non-b post-transfusion and cryptogenetic chronic liver disease. | | 1989 | 2571030 |
| hepatitis c virus and sexual transmission. | | 1989 | 2571900 |
| intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2571901 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in spanish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis. | the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated in 96 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 106 patients with liver cirrhosis without evidence of cancer, and 177 controls without liver disease. 75% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had hcv antibodies (anti-hcv), a significantly higher proportion than that observed in patients with cirrhosis (55.6%), or controls (7.3%). the prevalence of anti-hcv was significantly higher in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis ... | 1989 | 2572739 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | a sensitive radioimmunoassay was used to detect antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis. hcv antibodies (anti-hcv) were detected in 86 of 132 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with no relation to the presence or absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the prevalence of anti-hcv was also high in patients with diseases thought to predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma, such as non-a, non-b chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (7 ... | 1989 | 2572740 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in children with acute or chronic viral hepatitis. | | 1989 | 2572889 |
| ethics of screening for hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2572933 |
| hepatitis c virus infection and liver transplantation. | | 1989 | 2572934 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1989 | 2574287 |
| hepatitis c virus: a possible cause of chronic hepatitis in alcoholics. | | 1989 | 2574323 |
| a serological comparison of bovine coronavirus strains. | two bovine coronavirus (bcv) strains from diarrheic calf faeces were adapted to grow in hrt 18 cells and compared in immunofluorescence (if), haemagglutination inhibition (hai) and neutralisation (nt) tests with three other strains of bcv and a human coronavirus (hcv) strain obtained from other laboratories. polyclonal antisera against these 6 viruses were raised in rabbits. no significant differences between viruses were detected by if. in the hai test the hcv strain was distinguishable from th ... | 1989 | 2650657 |
| antigenic relationships between human caliciviruses and norwalk virus. | we investigated antigenic relationships between human calicivirus (hcv) strains and norwalk virus by using immune electron microscopy (iem) and radioimmunoassay (ria). three serologically distinct hcv strains, uk1, uk2, and japan, were demonstrated by iem, as was evidence for two additional strains, uk3 and uk4. although hcv strains and norwalk virus were distinct by iem, 12 of 20 patients with gastroenteritis due to hcv uk4 and two of eight with gastroenteritis due to uk2 showed seroconversions ... | 1987 | 2821127 |
| sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid protein gene of human coronavirus 229e. | human coronaviruses are important human pathogens and have also been implicated in multiple sclerosis. to further understand the molecular biology of human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e), molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the viral rna have been initiated. following established protocols, the 3'-terminal 1732 nucleotides of the genome were sequenced. a large open reading frame encodes a 389 amino acid protein of 43,366 da, which is presumably the nucleocapsid protein. the predicted protein ... | 1989 | 2922924 |
| survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229e. | the survival of airborne human coronavirus 229e (hcv/229e) was studied under different conditions of temperature (20 +/- 1 degree c and 6 +/- 1 degree c) and low (30 +/- 5%), medium (50 +/- 5%) or high (80 +/- 5%) relative humidities (rh). at 20 +/- 1 degree c, aerosolized hcv/229e was found to survive best at 50% rh with a half-life of 67.33 +/- 8.24 h while at 30% rh the virus half-life was 26.76 +/- 6.21 h. at 50% rh nearly 20% infectious virus was still detectable at 6 days. high rh at 20 +/ ... | 1985 | 2999318 |
| demonstration of 7-nm projections on human and avian coronaviruses. | direct electron microscopy (em) of human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain f revealed particles with small granular projections about 7 nm in size in addition to the characteristic coronavirus particles with projections of 20 nm. relationship of the short fringed form to the conventional coronavirus particle is established by ordinary immune electron microscopy (iem) and immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem). | 1984 | 6099927 |
| [newer knowledge on viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. | after the discovery of the "australia antigen" the pioneering pace for the detection of the socalled "dane-particles" identical with the complete infectious hepatitis-b-virus has been done. these dane-particles consist of three different antigens: hbsag, hbcag and hbeag and these specific antigens give valuable diagnostic and prognostic indications predominantly concerning the infectivity of a person suffering from acute or chronic hepatitis b or of a person identified as a chronic carrier. this ... | 1980 | 6106408 |
| antigenic studies on coronavirus. i. identification of the structural antigens of human coronavirus, strain 229e. | antigenic analysis of human coronavirus, strain 229e (hcv/229e), using a microimmunodiffusion technique, has resulted in the detection of six virion antigens. comparison of the effect of several different virus-disrupting agents has shown that sodium deoxycholate or triton x-100 were the best for hcv/229e disruption. of the six coronavirion antigens, three were identified as virus specific and the remainder as host antigens, which were present as either integrated or nonspecifically adsorbed hos ... | 1981 | 6165449 |
| two antigenic groups of human coronaviruses detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | paired sera from volunteers inoculated with one of the five recently isolated strains of human coronavirus (hcv), ad, gi, ho, pa, and ro, none of which has been grown in tissue culture, or with strain oc38 were tested against coronavirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. when hcv strains oc43, 229e, or the 229e-related tissue culture-adapted strains pr and to were used as antigens, it was shown that all strains fell into one of two antigenic groups. the hcv oc43 group was comprised ... | 1981 | 6169641 |
| establishment and maintenance of a persistent infection of l132 cells by human coronavirus strain 229e. | a persistent infection by human coronavirus 229e (hcv/229e) was established in a human continuous cell line (l132). following the initial infection with stock hcv/229e, several cultures were established of which two (hv1 and hv4) have been maintained by continuous passage for two years. these cultures have shed high titres of infectious virus continuously into the supernatant fluid since their initiation. the persistently infected cells were resistant to homologous super-infection but supported ... | 1981 | 6171237 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for coronaviruses hcv 229e and mhv 3. | the antigenic relationship between human cornonavirus strain 229e (hcv 229e) and mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (mhv 3) was studied by means of the indirect form of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a cross-reaction was found with hyprimmune rabbit sera between hcv 229e and mhv 3 which may be due to the adherence of bovine serum componeants from tissue culture media, which were present on virus particles even after extensive purification. no cross-reaction was observed with immune sera ... | 1980 | 6252292 |
| the behaviour of recent isolates of human respiratory coronavirus in vitro and in volunteers: evidence of heterogeneity among 229e-related strains. | strains of human coronavirus (hcv) isolated between 1974 and 1976 have been studied in vitro and in volunteers. all strains caused colds in volunteers, and those cultivable in tissue culture (tc) produced significantly more coryza and less sore throat than strains growing only in organ culture (oc). the tc strains were serologically related to 229e, but these isolates produced colds with a frequency and severity that contrasted with the effects of 229e itself. tests on volunteers' preinfection s ... | 1984 | 6319590 |
| [virus hepatitis c as an immunologically and clinically defined form of non-a, non-b hepatitis. a contribution to the diagnosis, clinical aspects, paraclinical aspects, course, prognosis and prevention of this disease]. | after the detection of a non-a/non-b-associated antigen/antibody system--identity with the system of shirachi and co-workers--we analysed clinical and paraclinical data of 106 women after application of contaminated anti-d-immunoglobulin. of 106 infected female patients 84 fell ill manifest, 22 cases showed typical prodromi of hepatitis. the incubation time could exactly be calculated with 55 days (+/- s = 11). apart from the parenteral the non-parenteral possibility of transmission could be pro ... | 1983 | 6408816 |
| [incidence of posthepatic sequelae of acute viral hepatitis c]. | there are not yet any ascertained results concerning the prognosis of the non-a/non-b hepatitis not depending on transfusion. in an identical source of infection meanwhile several working teams in the gdr by means of long-term observations for three years control groups of women able to propagate who were incubated by a hepatitis c-virus (of the non-a/non-b group of the hepatotropic viruses), so that first evidence on posthepatitic sequelae after hepatitis c is possible. of 115 women who were tr ... | 1983 | 6410600 |
| coronaviruses sd and sk share extensive nucleotide homology with murine coronavirus mhv-a59, more than that shared between human and murine coronaviruses. | a cdna probe representing the genome of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain a59 (mhv-a59) was used to measure nucleotide sequence homologies among murine and human coronaviruses and the sd and sk coronaviruses isolated by burks et al. since sd and sk were isolated by inoculation of multiple sclerosis (ms) central nervous system (cns) tissue into mice or cultured mouse cells, it is important to determine their relationships to other murine and human coronavirus isolates. our results indicate that ... | 1983 | 6687965 |
| propagation of human candidate calicivirus in cell culture. | evidence is presented for the first time that a human candidate calicivirus (hcv) replicates in human embryo kidney cells when trypsin is incorporated in the culture medium. the virus multiplies in the presence of actinomycin d and radiolabelling experiments with [3h]uridine indicate that it has an rna genome. these observations provide further support for the view that hcv should be tentatively classified as a member of the caliciviridae . | 1984 | 6726190 |
| where is the hepatitis c virus? | | 1980 | 6776629 |
| [clinical aspects of acute hepatitis]. | the definition of hepatitis is based on morphological criteria. the constellation of biochemical findings informs about form, severity and course. a minimum diagnostic programme allows to clarify typical cases. aetiopathogenetically the feature of a hepatitis can be evoked by numerous noxae. at present we know virus a, virus b and the group non-a/non-b as hepatotropic viruses. from the latter we succeeded in delimitation of a virus hepatitis c. the virus hepatitis as cyclic infectious disease ha ... | 1983 | 6868713 |
| clones of mrc-c cells may be superior to the parent line for the culture of 229e-like strains of human respiratory coronavirus. | a clone was selected from the mrc-c continuous heteroploid cell line which was significantly better than mrc-c for the culture of human respiratory coronavirus (hcv) 229e, strain lp. such clones could prove generally useful for the isolation of hcv-229e from clinical specimens, and for the propagation and assay of laboratory adapted strains. | 1983 | 6874877 |
| reactivity of human coronavirus oc43 and neonatal calf diarrhoea coronavirus membrane-associated antigens. | human embryonic lung fibroblast cultures and vero cell cultures infected with cell culture-adapted strains of human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 or neonatal calf diarrhoea coronavirus (ncdcv) were shown to possess highly cross-reactive membrane-associated antigens (maa) by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique (ifama). maa appeared 3 h post-infection, concurrently with the appearance of cytoplasmic antigens. electron microscopic observations of cell cultures infected with either coronavirus stra ... | 1982 | 7050300 |
| replication of human respiratory coronavirus strain 229e in human macrophages. | evidence for the replication of human coronavirus strain 229e (hcv 229e) in macrophages is presented. virus antigen was detected in macrophages by an immunofluorescent technique 24 h after infection and virus particles were observed in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum by electron microscopy. giant cells were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, and large multinucleate cells were seen by thin-section electron microscopy, suggesting that hcv 229e can induce syncytial forma ... | 1982 | 7108490 |
| the distribution of human coronavirus strain 229e on the surface of human diploid cells. | the distribution of human coronavirus strain 229e (hcv 229e) particles on the surface of human diploid (mrcc) cells was examined. virus particles showed a totally random distribution on fixed cells and on cells to which virus had been adsorbed in the cold. a marked redistribution of virus particles was observed on warming virus-cell preparations to 33 degrees c for 20 min, the peripheral areas of the cell becoming relatively devoid of virus particles while the majority of particles were now loca ... | 1981 | 7264610 |
| cytochalasin b-induced multinucleation of human tumor and normal cell cultures. | twelve human cell cultures derived from tumors, normal tissues, and derivative cultures transformed by either a rna tumor virus or chemical carcinogen were examined for their response to cytochalasin b (cb) and the expression of this marker was correlated with growth in soft agar and saturation density in monolayer culture. cell lines derived from carcinoma of the bladder (t24 and rt4), kidney (caki-1), prostate (du 145), and breast (mcf-7) multinucleated when growth in cb-supplemented medium, w ... | 1980 | 7397790 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and rapid plasma reagin in a trauma population. | we evaluated the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and rapid plasma reagin (rpr) among patients admitted to our trauma unit from april 15 to june 30, 1993. of 984 patients tested, we found 255 (26%) had evidence of exposure to one or more of these agents: hiv, 4%; hbv, 20%; hcv, 14%; and rpr, 1%. thirty-eight percent of patients had more than one positive serology, 75% of the hiv patients, 49% of the hbv patients, and 66% of the hcv ... | 1995 | 7473920 |
| picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments: comparison of translation efficiency and the requirements for optimal internal initiation of translation in vitro. | on the basis of primary sequence comparisons and secondary structure predictions, picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments (ireses) have been divided into three groups (entero- and rhinoviruses; cardio- and and aphthoviruses; and hepatitis a virus). here, we describe a detailed comparison of the ability of ireses from each group to direct internal initiation of translation in vitro using a single dicistronic mrna (the only variable being the ires inserted into the dicistronic region). we st ... | 1995 | 7478993 |
| herpes simplex virus-2 may increase susceptibility of the sexual transmission of hepatitis c. | antibodies against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2, cytomegalovirus, and syphilis were determined in six heterosexual couples with strong indications of having sexually transmitted hepatitis c virus infection and in 17 other heterosexual couples in which one partner was hepatitis c virus viremic (source partner), but the other had remained hepatitis c virus uninfected (exposed partner). | 1995 | 7482102 |
| postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposures to hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency virus. | bloodborne pathogens are becoming increasingly prevalent in, and therefore contributing increasing levels of risk to, the health-care work-place environment. this problem is magnified in the blood-intense operating room and obstetric environments. whereas we will never be able to eliminate such risks entirely from the health-care workplace, a multifaceted approach to the management of these risks throughout the hospital environment and particularly in risk-intense environments will likely create ... | 1995 | 7482143 |
| human immunodeficiency virus rather than hepatitis c virus infection is relevant to the development of an anti-cardiolipin antibody. | we have investigated whether or not a relationship exists between anti-cardiolipin antibody (acl) positivity and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) and/or hepatitis c virus (hcv), and we have attempted to clarify which virus has close association with the development of acl. we found that acl positivity in hiv-infected patients was significantly higher than in hcv-infected patients. furthermore, hiv/hcv dual-infected patients exhibited a higher acl positivity than patients infected by hcv ... | 1995 | 7485085 |
| reduced risk of hepatitis b and hepatitis c among injection drug users in the tacoma syringe exchange program. | this case-control study examined the association between syringe exchange use and hepatitis b and c in injection drug users. | 1995 | 7485666 |