| thoughts on retroviruses. | | 1995 | 7782231 |
| treatment of feline leukemia virus (felv) infection. | felv infection is still considered to account for most disease-related deaths in pet cats. different treatment attempts with various drugs were performed in the past but none resulted in healing or complete virus elimination. therefore, it caused a sensation when horber and mayr [horber, d., mayr, b., 1991. prax. 19, 311-314; horber, d., schnabl, w., mayr, b., 1992. tierarztl. umschau 47, 556-560; mayr, b., horber, d., 1992. kleintierprax. 37, 515-518] published that they were able to cure 80 to ... | 1999 | 10515279 |
| hemostatic disorders in feline immunodeficiency virus-seropositive cats. | the hemostatic function of 40 feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) seropositive and 8 fiv and feline leukemia virus (felv) seropositive cats was evaluated and compared with reference values from 30 clinically healthy cats. the fiv-positive cats were divided into 3 groups: group i included asymptomatic carriers; group ii comprised sick fiv-infected cats with illnesses not likely to influence the hemostatic system; and group iii included fiv-positive cats with diseases potentially associated with c ... | 1994 | 7837113 |
| [epidemiology of felv and fiv infection in the federal republic of germany]. | in a nationwide study 6101 cats were tested for presence of feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen and for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies utilizing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). 21.8% of the german cat population may be felv- and/or fiv-positive. of the animals tested, 13.4% were found to be felv carriers, while 8.4% showed evidence of fiv infection. infection with both viruses was identified in 2.1% of the cats tested. of the animals showing clinical symptoms, nearly ... | 1994 | 8048038 |
| a 13-amino-acid pit1-specific loop 4 sequence confers feline leukemia virus subgroup b receptor function upon pit2. | feline leukemia virus subgroup b (felv-b) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (galv) utilize the human protein pit1 but not the related protein, pit2, as receptor. a stretch of 9 amino acids, named region a, was identified in the putative fourth extracellular loop of pit1 (residues 550 through 558) as critical for felv-b and galv receptor function. however, the presence of pit1 region a did not confer receptor function for felv-b upon pit2, while it did so for galv. we have here shown that the presenc ... | 2000 | 10684313 |
| prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats. | to determine prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats in north-central colorado. | 2000 | 10707683 |
| felv vaccination. | | 1993 | 8279119 |
| prevalence and pathogenicity of retroviruses in wildcats in france. | feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are frequently encountered in domestic cats (felis catus) and in wild felids, but only felv has been previously identified in wildcats (fellis silvestris). thirty-eight wildcats, either captured alive or found dead, were sampled in eastern and central france. nine of them (23.7 per cent) carried the felv p27 antigen, and three (7.9 per cent) had antibodies to fiv. there was a significant relationship between two measures of bo ... | 2000 | 10766116 |
| recombination between feline exogenous and endogenous retroviral sequences generates tropism for cerebral endothelial cells. | brain tissues of domestic cats that died of aplastic anemia from infection with either parental feline leukemia virus (felv), subgroup c, or a mixture of felv-c and recombinants between felv-c and an endogenous felv provirus were examined by the immunoperoxidase staining technique using a monoclonal antibody (c11d8) directed against an epitope of the viral surface glycoprotein (su). positive staining of the central nervous system (cns) capillary endothelial cells with no labeling on neuronal or ... | 1994 | 8311118 |
| weakly coupled hyperbolic systems modeling the circulation of felv in structured feline populations. | global existence and regularity results are provided for weakly coupled first order hyperbolic systems modeling the propagation of the feline leukemia virus (felv), a retrovirus of domestic cats (felis catus). in a simple example we find a threshold parameter yielding endemic stationary states. | 2000 | 10804261 |
| long-term impact on a closed household of pet cats of natural infection with feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. | a closed household of 26 cats in which feline coronavirus (fcov), feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were endemic was observed for 10 years. each cat was seropositive for fcov on at least one occasion and the infection was maintained by reinfection. after 10 years, three of six surviving cats were still seropositive. only one cat, which was also infected with fiv, developed feline infectious peritonitis (fip). rising anti-fcov antibody titres did not indicate t ... | 2000 | 10811262 |
| differential pathogenicity of two feline leukemia virus subgroup a molecular clones, pfra and pf6a. | f6a, a molecular clone of subgroup a feline leukemia virus (felv) is considered to be highly infectious but weakly pathogenic. in recent studies with a closely related subgroup a molecular clone, fra, we demonstrated high pathogenicity and a strong propensity to undergo recombination with endogenous felv (enfelv), leading to a high frequency of transition from subgroup a to a/b. the present study was undertaken to identify mechanisms of felv pathogenesis that might become evident by comparing th ... | 2000 | 10846058 |
| precise gene localization by phenotypic assay of radiation hybrid cells. | a high resolution map of the human genome previously has been constructed by using the g3 panel of human/hamster radiation hybrid cell lines and >15,000 unique human genetic markers. by determining whether human dna sequences are present or absent in each of the hybrids, localization of single genes may routinely be achieved at approximately 250-kb resolution. in this paper we have tested whether similarly precise localization might be achieved by phenotypic screening of the hybrids to facilitat ... | 2000 | 10852967 |
| transduction of feline hematopoietic cells by oncoretroviral vectors pseudotyped with the subgroup a feline leukemia virus (felv-a). | the domestic cat is an outbred species with many identified analogues of human genetic diseases. therefore, it has the potential to serve as a large animal model for evaluating the feasibility of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. this study compared gene transfer rates into feline hematopoietic progenitors by oncoretroviral vectors pseudotyped with the subgroup a feline leukemia virus (felv-a), the gibbon ape leukemia virus (galv), and the murine amphotropic virus. gene transfer rates were s ... | 2000 | 10899828 |
| contrastive prevalence of feline retrovirus infections between northern and southern vietnam. | the prevalence of infections with three feline retroviruses; feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline foamy virus (fefv), was examined in domestic cats (felis catus) and leopard cats (felis bengalensis) in southern vietnam in 1998. we then compared this data with our previous study in northern vietnam in 1997. none of the cats had felv antigens in both the northern and southern areas. in contrast, there is a great distinction in the seropositivity of fiv. twen ... | 2000 | 10993195 |
| feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. | ophthalmic manifestations of felv or fiv infection can occur in all ocular tissues and may be manifestations of direct viral effects or secondary to viral-related malignant transformation. additionally, the manifestations of common feline ophthalmic pathogens may be more severe and poorly responsive to therapy because of the immunosuppressive effects of felv or fiv infection. prompt diagnosis of underlying viral infection in cats with ophthalmic disease is paramount for accurate diagnosis and pr ... | 2000 | 11033869 |
| clonality analysis of various hematopoietic disorders in cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus. | the clonality analysis of the bone marrow cells was carried out by detecting the integrated proviruses of feline leukemia virus (felv) to understand the pathogenesis of felv-associated hematopoietic disorders in cats. bone marrow cells from 4 cases with acute myeloid leukemia (aml), 9 cases with myelodysplastic syndromes (mds), 2 cases with pure red cell aplasia (prca) and 3 healthy carriers infected with felv were subjected to southern blot analyses using an exogenous felv probe. clonal hematop ... | 2000 | 11073076 |
| endogenous env elements: partners in generation of pathogenic feline leukemia viruses. | feline leukemia viruses (felvs), which are replication-competent oncoretroviruses of the domestic cat species, are contagiously transmitted in natural environments. they are capable of inducing either acute antiproliferative disease or, after prolonged latency, lymphoid malignancies in this animal population. current knowledge of the recombinational events between infectious felv and noninfectious endogenously inherited felv-like elements is reviewed, and the potential role of the derived recomb ... | 1995 | 8828142 |
| feline leukemia virus detection by elisa and pcr in peripheral blood from 68 cats with high, moderate, or low suspicion of having felv-related disease. | clinicopathologic criteria were used to group 68 cats according to high, moderate, or low suspicion of having feline leukemia virus (felv)-related disease. peripheral blood samples were tested for felv antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for felv dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). there was no significant difference between elisa and pcr results in the 68 cats. in the high-suspicion group, 46%(11/24) of cytopenic cats were test positive (elisa and pcr) and 87% (13/15) w ... | 1996 | 9026077 |
| feline leukemia virus in a captive bobcat. | an 11-mo-old captive-bred male neutered bobcat (felis rufus) presented with lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. the animal was diagnosed as feline leukemia virus (felv) positive by immunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa) testing. it died despite supportive care. pathologic examination revealed multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, multifocal hepatocellular necrosis, non-suppurati ... | 2001 | 11272497 |
| feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma: an ultrastructural study of 20 tumors (1996-1999). | twenty feline vaccine-associated sarcomas were examined by transmission electron microscopy. tumors contained pleomorphic spindle cells, histiocytoid cells, and giant cells. most tumors contained myofibroblasts, which had morphologic features similar to those of fibroblasts. these cells were further distinguished by subplasmalemmal dense plaques and thin cytoplasmic actin myofilaments organized as elongated bundles concentrated at irregular intervals forming characteristic dense bodies. intracel ... | 2001 | 11280376 |
| hiv and pet ownership. | the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) states that there is no evidence that dogs, cats or non-primate animals can contract the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or transmit it to human beings. when the immune system is suppressed through disease, age, or medical treatments, a person becomes more vulnerable to infections. pets are wonderful support (paws) has developed guidelines for having pets. proper pet selection, proper pet care and good personal hygiene of the owner can elim ... | 1995 | 11362398 |
| molecular characteristics of malignant lymphomas in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | neoplastic disease, especially malignant lymphomas, are often observed in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in order to clarify the characteristics of lymphoma cells and to investigate the pathogenesis in fiv-infected cats, we examined the lymphoma tissues developed in five cats naturally infected with fiv by southern blot analyses using feline immunoglobulin (ig), t-cell receptors (tcr) and fiv probes. all of the five cases were serologically positive for anti-fiv antibody ... | 1997 | 9261955 |
| identification of envelope determinants of feline leukemia virus subgroup b that permit infection and gene transfer to cells expressing human pit1 or pit2. | the retroviral vector systems that are in common use for gene therapy are designed to infect cells expressing either of two widely expressed phosphate transporter proteins, pit1 or pit2. subgroup b feline leukemia viruses (felv-bs) use the gibbon ape leukemia virus receptor, pit1, as a receptor for entry. our previous studies showed that some chimeric envelope proteins encoding portions of felv-b could also enter cells by using a related receptor protein, pit2, which serves as the amphotropic mu ... | 2001 | 11435563 |
| combined omental pedicle grafts and thoracodorsal axial pattern flaps for the reconstruction of chronic, nonhealing axillary wounds in cats. | to assess the results of an omental pedicle graft in combination with a thoracodorsal axial pattern flap for the reconstruction of chronic nonhealing axillary wounds in 10 cats caused by forelimb entrapment within a collar. | 2001 | 11443600 |
| comparative examination of cats with feline leukemia virus-associated enteritis and other relevant forms of feline enteritis. | cats with feline leukemia virus (felv)-associated enteritis (fae), enteritis of other known viral etiology (parvovirus [pv], enteric coronavirus [cov]), and enteritis of unknown etiology with histologic features similar to those of fae and pv enteritis (eue) and felv-negative and felv-positive cats without enterocyte alterations were examined. amount and types of infiltrating leukocytes in the jejunum and activity and cellular constituents of mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow were ... | 2001 | 11467470 |
| the host range and interference properties of two closely related feline leukemia variants suggest that they use distinct receptors. | the proviral clones 61e and 61c represent two closely related variants of feline leukemia virus (felv) that exhibit significant differences in their biological and pathogenic properties. the major pathogenic determinant has been mapped to the extracellular envelope glycoprotein (env-su), but the mechanism by which envelope differences influence pathogenesis is not well understood. moreover, it is unclear whether these viruses infect the same target cells and/or enter cells using the same recepto ... | 1998 | 9514965 |
| a replication-competent feline leukemia virus, subgroup a (felv-a), tagged with green fluorescent protein reporter exhibits in vitro biological properties similar to those of the parental felv-a. | we previously established that lymphoid tumors could be induced in cats by intradermal injection of ecotropic feline leukemia virus (felv), subgroup a, plasmid dna. in preparation for in vivo experiments to study the cell-to-cell pathway for the spread of the virus from the site of inoculation, the green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene fused to an internal ribosome entry site (ires) was inserted after the last nucleotide of the env gene in the ecotropic felv-a rickard (fra) provirus. the eng ... | 2001 | 11507228 |
| prevalence of fiv and felv infections in cats in istanbul. | | 2000 | 11716594 |
| feline leukaemia virus neutralising antibodies. | | 2001 | 11761301 |
| clinicopathological and immunological characteristics of six cats with granular lymphocyte tumors. | clinical and immunological characteristics were investigated in six cases of feline granular lymphocyte (gl) tumor. the ages of the affected cats were relatively old, ranging from 4 to 13 years of age. gastrointestinal signs were commonly observed in these cases. only one of the six gl tumor cases was positive for feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen. phenotypic analysis revealed that the gl tumor cells from all of the six cases lacked the t- or b-cell markers. these gl tumor cells were examined ... | 1998 | 9597305 |
| analysis of the disease potential of a recombinant retrovirus containing friend murine leukemia virus sequences and a unique long terminal repeat from feline leukemia virus. | we have molecularly cloned a feline leukemia virus (felv) (clone 33) from a domestic cat with acute myeloid leukemia (aml). the long terminal repeat (ltr) of this virus, like the ltrs present in felv proviruses from other cats with aml, contains an unusual structure in its u3 region upstream of the enhancer (ure) consisting of three tandem direct repeats of 47 bp. to test the disease potential and specificity of this unique felv ltr, we replaced the u3 region of the ltr of the erythroleukemia-in ... | 2002 | 11773427 |
| longitudinal analysis of feline leukemia virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: correlation with recovery from infection. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a common naturally occurring gammaretrovirus of domestic cats that is associated with degenerative diseases of the hematopoietic system, immunodeficiency, and neoplasia. although the majority of cats exposed to felv develop a transient infection and recover, a proportion of cats become persistently viremic and many subsequently develop fatal diseases. to define the dominant host immune effector mechanisms responsible for the outcome of infection, we studied the lo ... | 2002 | 11836409 |
| therapy for australian cats with lymphosarcoma. | to determine the response of australian cats with lymphosarcoma to chemotherapy and/or surgery in relation to patient and tumour characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical values and retroviral status. | 2001 | 11837901 |
| dynamics of a feline retrovirus (felv) in host populations with variable spatial structure. | the predictions of epidemic models are remarkably affected by the underlying assumptions concerning host population dynamics and the relation between host density and disease transmission. furthermore, hypotheses underlying distinct models are rarely tested. domestic cats (felis catus) can be used to compare models and test their predictions, because cat populations show variable spatial structure that probably results in variability in the relation between density and disease transmission. cat ... | 1998 | 9684375 |
| retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in israel and their relationships with felv and fiv infections. | forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. the predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and ... | 2002 | 12164225 |
| feline lymphoma (145 cases): proliferation indices, cluster of differentiation 3 immunoreactivity, and their association with prognosis in 90 cats. | paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue samples from 145 cats with lymphoma were analyzed for cluster of differentiation 3 (cd3, a surface antigen) immunoreactivity, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (agnor) frequency, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (pcna-li). this information along with signalment, anatomic site, and feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen status was used to determine the potential of these indicators to predict response to therapy, remission, and sur ... | 1998 | 9773411 |
| deluge of questions prompts aafp to develop fiv vaccine brief. american association of feline practitioners. | | 2002 | 12418682 |
| a highly efficient gene delivery system derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). | | 2003 | 12526177 |
| manufacturer addresses concerns about fiv vaccine. | | 2003 | 12555972 |
| demineralization for inactivation of infectious retrovirus in systemically infected cortical bone: in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. | clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated viral transmission through the transplantation of fresh-frozen infected bone. while sterilization methods sufficient to inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been shown to markedly alter osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of bone allografts, the ability of a process for creating demineralized bone matrix to abrogate transmission of a retrovirus has not been investigated, to our knowledge. we hypothesized that a clini ... | 2003 | 12571312 |
| 2001 report of the american association of feline practitioners and academy of feline medicine advisory panel on feline retrovirus testing and management. | | 2003 | 12613492 |
| retrovirus receptor pit-1 of the felis catus. | we isolated a cdna encoding a feline homolog of human pit-1, a sodium-dependent phosphate symporter which is utilized by gibbon ape leukemia virus (galv) as a receptor for entry into host cells. the overall homology between the human and feline receptors is 92 and 93% at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. hydropathy analyses implied ten potential membrane spanning regions and, in analogy to human and murine homologs, five extracellular and four intracellular loops. strik ... | 1998 | 9878855 |
| a potential therapeutic strategy to combat leukemia virus infection. | to test the concept that a replication-competent retrovirus carrying a suicide gene could have potential utility in the control of the natural virus infection in mammalian species, we constructed derivatives of a feline leukemia virus (felv) that is commonly associated with leukemia-lymphomas in this species. the felv, rickard strain, subgroup a (fra) genome contained at the 3' end of the envgene, an insert of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) linked to cdna sequence of either herpes simpl ... | 2003 | 12673127 |
| the fit-1 common integration locus in human and mouse is closely linked to myb. | the fit-1 locus was originally identified as a common insertion site for feline leukemia virus (felv) in thymic lymphosarcomas induced by felv-myc recombinant viruses, suggesting that it harbors a gene that cooperates with myc in t-cell leukemogenesis. we have previously mapped the fit-1 locus to feline chromosome (chr) b2. we have now identified conserved sequences that allow the mapping of the murine homolog using the european interspecific backcross (eucib). this shows that fit-1 is located o ... | 1999 | 10341084 |
| serosurvey for feline leukemia virus and lentiviruses in captive small neotropic felids in são paulo state, brazil. | feline leukemia virus (felv), gammaretrovirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, a lentivirus, are members of the family retroviridae, and may establish persistent infections in the domestic cat (felis catus). cytoproliferative and cytosuppressive disorders may result from infection with these viruses. morbidity and mortality rates are high in domestic cats worldwide. infection of endangered neotropic small felids with these viruses could be devastating. to investigate the prevalence of felv an ... | 2003 | 12723802 |
| a putative cell surface receptor for anemia-inducing feline leukemia virus subgroup c is a member of a transporter superfamily. | domestic cats infected with the horizontally transmitted feline leukemia virus subgroup a (felv-a) often produce mutants (termed felv-c) that bind to a distinct cell surface receptor and cause severe aplastic anemia in vivo and erythroblast destruction in bone marrow cultures. the major determinant for felv-c-induced anemia has been mapped to a small region of the surface envelope glycoprotein that is responsible for its receptor binding specificity. thus, erythroblast destruction may directly o ... | 1999 | 10400745 |
| disease propagation in connected host populations with density-dependent dynamics: the case of the feline leukemia virus. | spatial heterogeneity is a strong determinant of host-parasite relationships, however local-scale mechanisms are often not elucidated. generally speaking, in many circumstances dispersal is expected to increase disease persistence. we consider the case when host populations show density-dependent dynamics and are connected through the dispersal of individuals. taking the domestic cats (felis catus)--feline leukemia virus (felv) as a toy model of host-microparasite system, we predict the disease ... | 2003 | 12875824 |
| feline leukemia virus. immunization and prevention. | our understanding of the pathogenesis of felv infection is little changed from what was described by hardy and his colleagues in the mid-1970s. the prevention of felv infection consists, first, of avoiding the agent and, second, of providing optimum immunologic resistance. in multi-cat environments, the former is achieved through test-and-removal methods perennially reviewed in the literature and by minimizing exposure to outdoor cats. the latter is possible by attempting to maintain a low-stres ... | 1993 | 8380657 |
| multicentric t-cell lymphoma associated with feline leukemia virus infection in a captive namibian cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | this case report describes a multicentric lymphoma in a 4 yr old female wildborn captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in namibia after being housed in an enclosure adjacent to a feline leukemia virus (felv) infected cheetah that had previously been in contact with domestic cats. the year prior to the onset of clinical signs, the wild-born cheetah was felv antigen negative. the cheetah subsequently developed lymphoma, was found to be infected with felv, and then rapidly deteriorated and died. at ne ... | 2003 | 14567232 |
| coccidioidomycosis in 48 cats: a retrospective study (1984-1993) | coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 48 cats. forty-one cases were identified within a period of 3 years. coccidioides immitis was revealed by cytological or histopathological examinations, or culture in 70% of cats. the remaining 30% of cases were diagnosed by appropriate clinical signs, radiographic lesions, and serological test results. the average age of affected cats was 6.2 years with a median age of 5.0 years. fifty-four percent (n = 26) were female and 46% (n = 22) were male. domestic sho ... | 1995 | 7760314 |
| advances in the understanding of feline leukaemia virus. | | 1993 | 8384389 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in feline lymphoma cell lines. | to evaluate the presence of centrosome amplification and the resulting chromosomal instability in cat tumors, a newly established feline lymphoma cell line and four already established feline lymphoma cell lines were examined using immunohistochemical analysis of centrosomes. the number of chromosomes were subsequently counted by metaphase spread. moreover, to explore whether mutational inactivation of the p53 gene or inactivation of the p53 protein caused by mdm2 gene overexpression, occurred i ... | 2004 | 15297751 |
| prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in northern florida. | objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of infection in feral cats in northern florida with a select group of infectious organisms and to determine risk factors for infection. blood samples or sera from 553 cats were tested with a panel of antibody, antigen or pcr assays. male cats were at higher risk for fiv, mycoplasma haemofelis, and m. haemominutum. infection with either felv or fiv was associated with increased risk for coinfection with the other retrovirus, m. haemofelis, or ... | 2004 | 15363760 |
| flvi-2, a target of retroviral insertional mutagenesis in feline thymic lymphosarcomas, encodes bmi-1. | lc-felv is a myc-containing strain of feline leukemia virus which induces thymic lymphosarcoma in the domestic cat with short latency. a locus in feline dna, termed flvi-2, is commonly interrupted in naturally occurring and experimentally induced thymic lymphosarcomas containing lc-felv; thus, interruption of a gene encoded by flvi-2 may cooperate with the myc oncogene in the induction of t-cell tumors by lc-felv. clones homologous to flvi-2 have been isolated from a normal human thymus cdna lib ... | 1993 | 8390036 |
| retroviral transmission in bone allotransplantation. the effects of tissue processing. | the transmission of a retrovirus through transplantation of processed bone allografts was studied using the feline leukemia virus. the long bones of 4 previously infected donor cats were harvested and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: single freeze/thaw cycle, double freeze/thaw cycle, or double freeze/thaw cycle with water flush to remove bone marrow. cortical bone grafts and corticocancellous bone grafts from each treatment group were transplanted into individual specific-pathogen-free reci ... | 1996 | 8595768 |
| sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of rio de janeiro, brazil. | the colony of urban stray cats living in the rio de janeiro zoological garden was studied in order to develop a population and health control program. as many cats as possible were captured during two months (47 animals) and were classified according to gender, age, weight and coat markings. they were submitted to a general health evaluation, examined for the presence of ectoparasites and sent to a surgical neutering program. all animals had a blood sample drawn for cbc, platelet count, heartwor ... | 2004 | 15517031 |
| histologic classification and immunophenotype of lymphosarcomas in cats with naturally and experimentally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infections. | lymphosarcoma (malignant lymphoma) is the commonest hematopoietic tumor in the cat. many cases are associated with feline leukemia virus (felv) infection, but epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) may also have a role in lymphomagenesis. in this paper, we describe the clinical presentation, histologic classification, and immunophenotype of lymphosarcoma in eight domestic cats with natural or experimental fiv infections. the tumors were often of unus ... | 1996 | 8740699 |
| use of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for detection of oncornaviruses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fibrosarcomas from cats. | to determine whether there was intralesional infection or expression of felv or feline sarcoma virus in suspected vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas in cats. | 1996 | 8756876 |
| substitution of feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat sequences into murine leukemia virus alters the pattern of insertional activation and identifies new common insertion sites. | the recombinant retrovirus, mofe2-mulv (mofe2), was constructed by replacing the u3 region of moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv) with homologous sequences from the felv-945 ltr. nih/swiss mice neonatally inoculated with mofe2 developed t-cell lymphomas of immature thymocyte surface phenotype. mofe2 integrated infrequently (0 to 9%) near common insertion sites (ciss) previously identified for either parent virus. using three different strategies, ciss in mofe2-induced tumors were identified a ... | 2005 | 15596801 |
| subtle mutational changes in the su protein of a natural feline leukemia virus subgroup a isolate alter disease spectrum. | felv-945 is a representative isolate of the natural feline leukemia virus (felv) variant predominant in non-t-cell malignant, proliferative, and degenerative diseases in a geographic cohort. the felv-945 surface glycoprotein (su) is closely related to natural horizontally transmissible felv subgroup a (felv-a) but was found to differ from a prototype to a larger extent than the members of felv-a differ among themselves. the sequence differences included point mutations restricted largely to the ... | 2005 | 15650161 |
| insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses. | the number, chromosomal distribution, and insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enfelvs) were determined in four domestic cats (burmese, egyptian mau, persian, and nonbreed) using fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. twenty-nine distinct enfelv loci were detected across 12 of the 18 autosomes. each cat carried enfelv at only 9 to 16 of the loci, and many loci were heterozygous for presence of the provirus. thus, an average of 19 autosomal cop ... | 2005 | 15767400 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after vaccination. | prior to the widespread use of vaccination for the control of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, diagnosis was made by the detection of antibodies against fiv. a number of commercial animal side tests perform quite well for this determination, with positive predictive values between 91 and 100% and negative predictive values between 96 and 100%. furthermore, results of these tests could be confirmed by western blot analysis of fiv test-positive sera. currently, a killed whole virus f ... | 2004 | 15984349 |
| humoral immunity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus or leukaemia virus. | the humoral antibody responses of 82 domestic cats to the common commensal bacteria pasteurella multocida and staphylococcus aureus were measured by an indirect immunofluorescence assay to give a subjective quantification of specific igg in serum. there was no significant difference in specific serum igg levels between sick cats which tested antibody-positive to feline immunodeficiency virus or antigen-positive to feline leukaemia virus and sick, virus-negative cats. this finding suggested that ... | 1994 | 16031766 |
| caring for the retrovirus infected cat. | no commercial vaccine [correction of vacine] exists for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and although feline leukemia virus (felv) vaccines are available, they are neither 100% effective nor used in all cats. these realities clearly indicate the veterinarian will be required to treat either felv- or fiv-positive cats for some time to come. the management of fiv- or felv-positive cats may require supportive therapies as well as virus-specific therapies such as zidovudine (azt; retrovir, burro ... | 1995 | 8820595 |
| real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a broad range of feline calicivirus isolates. | this report describes a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay with sybr green targeting the vp2 (orf 3) of feline caliciviruses. all of the 44 feline calicivirus isolates tested were detected, whereas neither feline herpesvirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus nor other calicivirus like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and a canine calicivirus isolate showed specific amplification products. the sensitivity of ... | 2006 | 16266755 |
| rapid detection of feline leukemia virus provirus integration into feline genomic dna. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a gamma retrovirus that induces fatal diseases in domestic cats. efficacious felv vaccines prevent persistent viremia and development of felv-related disease after virus exposure, but not minimal viral replication and a provirus-positive state as recently demonstrated using sensitive real-time pcr assays. proviral integration is an important parameter of latent infection and persistence of retroviruses in infected cells. so far, felv-specific real-time pcr assays ... | 2006 | 16488115 |
| hematologic abnormalities associated with retroviral infections in the cat. | feline patients with unexplained peripheral blood cytopenias, circulating immature or neoplastic cells, dysplastic or dysmorphic bone marrow abnormalities, and/or lymphoid tumors are likely suffering from an underlying retroviral infection with feline leukemia virus (felv) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). cytopenic hematologic disorders are often caused by the direct or indirect hematosuppressive effects of these retroviruses. alternatively, secondary infections, nutritional deficienc ... | 1995 | 8820596 |
| development and testing of an inactivated feline leukemia virus vaccine. | we assessed an inactivated whole virus feline leukemia virus (felv) vaccine developed from a molecularly cloned feline leukemia virus isolate (felv-61e-a) for its ability to protect cats against homologous and heterologous virulent virus challenge. the fractions of cats that resisted the induction of persistent viremia after felv challenge were the following: (1) felv-61e-a vaccine, 95%; (2) adjuvant controls, 26%; and (3) established commercial control felv vaccine, 35%. the pre-challenge mean ... | 1995 | 8820598 |
| chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a cat. | a 1-year-old spayed domestic short-haired cat was referred with anorexia and weight loss. hematologic findings indicated nonregenerative anemia, severe neutropenia and monocytosis. the feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen test was positive reaction by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. dysgranulopoiesis with slight increase in blast cells were observed in bone marrow smears. on the basis of blood and bone marrow findings, the cat was diagnosed as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (cmmol), which po ... | 2000 | 10720191 |
| safety and efficacy of a recombinant felv vaccine combined with a live feline rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia vaccine. | | 2000 | 10803986 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| evidence that an ires within the notch2 coding region can direct expression of a nuclear form of the protein. | we previously reported the isolation from a thymic tumor of a feline leukemia virus that had transduced a fragment of the notch2 gene. here we present evidence that a nuclear form of notch2 corresponding to the biologically active intracellular domain (n2icd) is expressed from this recombinant retrovirus through internal ribosome entry. internal ribosome entry sites (iress) are rna structural motifs that allow 5' cap-independent recruitment of ribosomal subunits to mrnas. the notch2 ires maps ex ... | 2000 | 11090631 |
| vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats: a unique cancer model. | epidemiologic evidence supports a relationship between vaccination of cats for rabies and feline leukemia virus with the development of soft tissue sarcomas at the site of administration. these tumors are locally invasive and histologically aggressive. as with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma in humans, combination treatment with radiation therapy and surgery provides for optimum tumor control. feline vaccine-associated sarcoma has become a difficult issue for the veterinary profession for legal, ... | 2001 | 11153990 |
| diminished potential for b-lymphoid differentiation after murine leukemia virus infection in vivo and in eml hematopoietic progenitor cells. | infection with a recombinant murine-feline gammaretrovirus, mofe2, or with the parent virus, moloney murine leukemia virus, caused significant reduction in b-lymphoid differentiation of bone marrow at 2 to 8 weeks postinfection. the suppression was selective, in that myeloid potential was significantly increased by infection. analysis of cell surface markers and immunoglobulin h gene rearrangements in an in vitro model demonstrated normal b-lymphoid differentiation after infection but significan ... | 2007 | 17428873 |
| use of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of retroviruses from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uveal melanomas in cats. | thirty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded enucleated globes from cats with a diagnosis of diffuse anterior uveal melanoma were obtained. sections of tumor were excised, deparaffinized, and subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify proviral dna sequences from the feline leukemia virus (felv)-feline sarcoma virus (fesv; 36 eyes), and the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv; 18 eyes). all samples tested were negative for fiv dna. three samples were positive for felv-fesv dna ... | 1999 | 11397251 |
| bone marrow colony-forming unit assay in cats with naturally occurring myelodysplastic syndromes. | feline myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) has been diagnosed in many cats infected with feline leukemia virus, although the pathogenesis of this hematopoietic deficiency has been unclear. in this study, we assayed the bone marrow erythroid colony-forming units (cfu-e) and granulocyte-machrophage cfus (cfu-gm) to investigate the pathogenesis of feline mds. the number of cfu-e colonies was decreased in 4 of 7 cats with mds, and the number of cfu-gm colonies was also decreased in 4 cats. furthermore, ... | 2001 | 11503958 |
| comparison of endogenous feline leukemia virus rna content in feline vaccine and nonvaccine site-associated sarcomas. | to determine whether feline vaccine site-associated sarcomas (vss) contain a higher amount of endogenous felv (enfelv) rna, compared with feline nonvaccine site-associated sarcomas (non-vss). | 2001 | 11763193 |
| evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on mauna kea, hawaii. | we determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (felis catus) on mauna kea hawaii from april 2002 to may 2004. six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to fiv and antigen positive for felv, respectively; 25 of 67 (37.3%) cats were seropositive to t. gondii. antibodies to felv and t. gondii occurred in all age and sex classes, but fiv occurred only in adult mal ... | 2007 | 17495320 |
| protection against oronasal challenge with virulent feline leukaemia virus lasts for at least 12 months following a primary course of immunisation with leukocell 2 vaccine. | the duration of immunity provided by a feline leukemia virus (felv) vaccine, leukocell 2, was determined. kittens were vaccinated when 9 and 12 weeks of age and were challenged 12 months later with felv-a/glasgow-1. an oronasal challenge protocol without corticosteroid enhancement was developed in order to induce a persistent viraemia in a high proportion of adult cats. fourteen of 18 (80%) of the vaccinated cats challenged in this way remained non-viraemic while 9/15 (60%) of age-matched contro ... | 2002 | 12126896 |
| prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats. | to determine prevalence of felv infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in unowned free-roaming cats. | 2002 | 12418520 |
| evaluation of the association of bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. | gingivostomatitis (gs) is a significant condition in cats because of oral discomfort and associated periodontal disease. several infectious agents have been associated with the presence of gs, but a causal relationship is unclear. the cats in this study were housed together, had a history of flea exposure, and were vaccinated with a modified live fvrcp product. there were nine cats with active gs and 36 unaffected cats at the time of sample collection. serum was tested for feline leukemia virus ... | 2008 | 17766156 |
| feline leukaemia virus and vaccination. | | 2003 | 12670435 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| principles of treatment for feline lymphoma. | lymphoma is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in cats. as feline leukemia virus antigenemia has decreased over the past 15 years, there has been a profound shift in the presence, signalment, and frequency of sites of feline lymphoma in north america. there is variation in anatomic classification systems, but most studies have divided lymphoma into four groups: alimentary, mediastinal, multicentric, or extranodal. clinical signs and common differential diagnoses for each of the forms are descr ... | 2003 | 12831069 |
| high prevalence of borna disease virus in domestic cats with neurological disorders in japan. | a total of 15 (t-1-t-15) domestic cats with neurological disorders in tokyo area were examined for association with borna disease virus (bdv). none had detectable antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and toxoplasma gondii, and only cat t-8 had detectable antibody to fiv. serological and molecular epidemiological studies revealed a significantly high prevalence of bdv infection in these cats: antibodies against bdv p24 and/o ... | 1999 | 10596800 |
| the effects of feline retroviruses on cytokine expression. | to identify potential roles of cytokines in retroviral pathogenesis, we used reverse transcription-quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (rt-qcpcr) assays to characterize mrna levels of 19 different lymphokines, chemokines, monokines and hematopoietic growth factors in three feline cell lines productively infected with subgroup a feline leukemia virus (felv-a) or various feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) strains. infection of a cd8+, cd5- large granular lymphocyte (lgl) cell line ... | 1999 | 10628677 |
| evidence of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea ( ctenocephalides felis). | the feline leukemia virus (felv) is a naturally occurring and widespread retrovirus among domestic cats. the virus is mainly transmitted horizontally through saliva, blood and other body fluids by close contact between cats. vectors other than cats, e.g. blood-sucking parasites, have not been reported. this study tested the vector potential of the cat flea ( ctenocephalides felis) for felv. in a first feeding, fleas were fed for 24 h with blood from a felv-infected cat with persistent viremia. f ... | 2003 | 14557874 |
| t-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat. | this report constitutes the first description of a t-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a cat. this feline leukemia virus (felv)-negative cat originally presented with signs referable to middle ear disease; it deteriorated rapidly after definitive diagnosis. lymphoma of the middle ear is extremely rare in all species. | 2003 | 14703086 |
| prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats from northern florida. | necropsies were performed on 630 adult cats in northern florida to determine the prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats of this region. heartworms were identified in 4.9% of cats, and serological evidence of heartworm exposure was present in 17% of cats. not all cats from which heartworms were recovered were seropositive for heartworm antigen or antibody. there was no association between heartworm infection and co-infection with feline leukemia virus (felv) or feline immunod ... | 2003 | 14736717 |
| identification of a human heme exporter that is essential for erythropoiesis. | flvcr, a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporter proteins, is the cell surface receptor for feline leukemia virus, subgroup c. retroviral interference with flvcr display results in a loss of erythroid progenitors (colony-forming units-erythroid, cfu-e) and severe anemia in cats. in this report, we demonstrate that human flvcr exports cytoplasmic heme and hypothesize that human flvcr is required on developing erythroid cells to protect them from heme toxicity. inhibition of flv ... | 2004 | 15369674 |
| regulation of felv-945 by c-myb binding and cbp recruitment to the ltr. | feline leukemia virus (felv) induces degenerative, proliferative and malignant hematologic disorders in its natural host, the domestic cat. felv-945 is a viral variant identified as predominant in a cohort of naturally infected animals. felv-945 contains a unique sequence motif in the long terminal repeat (ltr) comprised of a single copy of transcriptional enhancer followed by a 21-bp sequence triplicated in tandem. the ltr is precisely conserved among independent cases of multicentric lymphoma, ... | 2004 | 15507152 |
| characterization of a newly established nonproducer lymphoma cell line for feline leukemia virus. | a feline lymphoblastoid cell line (ko-1) was established from a 5-year-old neutered female cat with naturally occurring thymic lymphoma. ko-1 cells had a rearrangement of t-cell receptor beta-chain gene and a germ-line configuration of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, however, they were devoid of t-cell-specific surface phenotype. cytogenetically, ko-1 cells showed a hyperploidy (2n = 41) due to the trisomy of b2, f2 and x chromosomes. although ko-1 cells were shown to be clonally expanded cells ... | 2004 | 15541796 |
| in vitro selective suppression of feline myeloid colony formation is attributable to molecularly cloned strain of feline leukemia virus with unique long terminal repeat. | molecularly cloned feline leukemia virus (felv)-clone 33 (c-33), derived from a cat with acute myelocytic leukemia (aml), was examined to assess its relation to the pathogenesis of aml and myelodysplastic syndrome (mds). to evaluate in vitro pathogenicity of felv c-33, bone marrow colony-forming assay was performed on marrow cells infected with felv c-33 or an felv subgroup a strain (61e, a molecularly cloned strain with minimal pathogenicity). the myeloid colony-forming activity of feline bone ... | 2005 | 15563922 |
| experimental quantification of the feline leukaemia virus in the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and its faeces. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) were fed via artificial membranes and infected with the feline leukaemia virus (felv) from cell cultures. after removing the fleas from the blood source, the quantity of virus in the flea and its faeces was measured over a defined period of time. the virus was detectable in the fleas for up to 30 h at room temperature and up to 115 h at 4 degrees c. in the faeces, the amount of virus decreased much more slowly--after 2 weeks half of the initial amount of virus c ... | 2005 | 16228264 |
| protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine. | to compare protection against felv challenge obtained following administration of 2 doses of an adjuvanted, chemically inactivated, whole felv (felv-k) vaccine with protection obtained following administration of 1 dose of an felv-k vaccine followed by 1 dose of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant felv (rcp-felv) vaccine. | 2006 | 16506935 |
| feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in the pisa district of tuscany, and attempts to control felv infection in a colony of domestic cats by vaccination. | the seroprevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in 203 apparently healthy domestic cats living in the district of pisa, central italy, was 11.3 per cent, and the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (felv) was 8.4 per cent. the prevalence of fiv depended significantly on the lifestyle and age of the cats; cats living outdoors were more likely to be fiv-positive than cats living indoors, and the proportion of fiv-positive cats increased with age. in contrast, there was no significant re ... | 2006 | 16632529 |
| mediastinal lymphoma in a young turkish angora cat. | an 8-month old intact male turkish angora cat was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), seoul national university, for an evaluation of anorexia and severe dyspnea. the thoracic radiographs revealed significant pleural effusion. a cytology evaluation of the pleural fluid strongly suggested a lymphoma containing variable sized lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures and prominent nucleoli. the feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus tests were negative. th ... | 2006 | 16645348 |