| public health implications of dengue in personnel returning from east timor. | in north queensland the vector of dengue fever (aedes aegypti) is present; hence any viraemic individual importing dengue has the potential to transmit the disease locally. in early 2000 approximately 2,000 personnel returned from east timor to townsville, north queensland. seven importations of dengue occurred and individual cases were viraemic for up to 6 days in townsville. no subsequent local transmission occurred. there were 3 cases each of dengue type 2 and dengue type 3. one case could no ... | 2000 | 11225377 |
| aedes aegypti in french guiana: susceptibility to a dengue virus. | twenty-seven samples of aedes aegypti (f1 generation) from french guiana were tested for their susceptibility to dengue serotype 2 virus. very high infection rates were observed by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. ae. aegypti samples were pooled according to two groups: the first group (n=10) represented mosquitoes from the urbanized area of cayenne and surroundings, and the second group (n=17) corresponded to mosquitoes collected in the countryside. infection rates were found to be sim ... | 2001 | 11251898 |
| an epidemic of dengue 3 in far north queensland, 1997-1999. | to describe an epidemic of dengue type 3 that occurred in far north queensland in 1997-1999 and its influence on the further development of dengue prevention and control strategies. | 2001 | 11270758 |
| dengue transmission risk maps of argentina. | dengue is an emerging disease that has become important in argentina because of its vector's presence (aedes aegypti) and its endemicity in neighbouring countries. thematic maps were built for argentina considering four main factors: population susceptibility to dengue virus infection (population density); entrance of the virus from endemic countries (main roads and airports); conditions for the vector (urbanization, altitude, minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures) and virus extrinsic inc ... | 2001 | 11299033 |
| limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | to evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (den) vaccine candidates developed by the u.s. army (den-1, 45az5 pdk 20; den-2, s16803 pdk 50; den-3, ch53489 pdk 20; and den-4, 341750 pdk 20), we tested 3,010 aedes aegypti and 1,576 aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccine (17d). we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect den or yf viral antigen in the hea ... | 2000 | 11304057 |
| a preliminary study of the population genetics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from mexico using microsatellite and aflp markers. | dengue fever recently reemerged in the americas. because vaccines are still under development, dengue prevention depends entirely on vector control. since aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) is the principal vector of this arbovirus, knowledge of the genetic structure of the insect is therefore required to maintain effective vector control strategies and to estimate levels of gene flow from which movement can be inferred. this preliminary study uses microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymo ... | 2001 | 11311187 |
| why do female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) feed preferentially and frequently on human blood? | adult female aedes aegypti (l.), the vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, have an affinity for feeding on human blood and a tendency to forego feeding on sugar. this observation challenges two tenets of mosquito biology: (1) mosquitoes imbibe plant carbohydrates for synthesis of energy reserves and blood for reproduction and (2) egg production is reduced when mosquitoes feed on human blood compared with blood from other species. sub-optimal amounts of the amino acid isoleucine in human blo ... | 2001 | 11372967 |
| [dengue imported from paraguay to buenos aires. clinical and epidemiological report of 38 cases]. | thirty eight patients with classic dengue fever, were studied from december 1999 up to april 2000. all of them acquired the infection in paraguay; 66% of patients arrived at buenos aires metropolitan area within the viremia period. given aedes aegypti abundance in the region they represent a high risk for local transmission. unusual clinical findings in these patients were diarrhea (29%), transitory rise of seric aspartate aminotransferase (52%) and pruritic rash in all cases. only 15.7% showed ... | 2001 | 11374134 |
| environmental characteristics of the cemeteries of buenos aires city (argentina) and infestation levels of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | cemeteries with many water-filled containers, flowers, sources of human blood, and shade are favorable urban habitats for the proliferation of aedes aegypti, a vector of yellow fever and dengue. a total of 22,956 containers was examined in the five cemeteries of the city of buenos aires, argentina. the vector was found in four cemeteries that showed an average infestation level of 5.5% (617 positive out of 11,196 water-filled containers). the four cemeteries positive for ae. aegypti showed signi ... | 2001 | 11391417 |
| dengue/dhf: an emerging disease in india. | dengue/dhf is an emergent disease in india and some parts of country are endemic and periodically contributing annual outbreaks of dengue/dhf. dengue infection manifests as undifferentiated fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) which leads to hospitalization large number of people in a localized area. there is high mortality and morbidity associated with the onset of each dengue outbreak leading to great socio-economic impact. the prevention and control of dengue outbreak depends upon the prope ... | 2000 | 11407002 |
| [urbanization and dengue ecology]. | demographic changes occurring in underdeveloped countries due to intense rural-urban migration since the 1960s have resulted in overcrowded cities with multiple deficiencies, particularly in housing and basic sanitation. some 20% of the population in large and medium-sized cities live in slums or under similar conditions. lack of regular water supply and public garbage collection foster the proliferation of potential breeding sites for aedes aegypti (the main mosquito vector for dengue), includi ... | 2001 | 11426270 |
| sindbis virus-induced silencing of dengue viruses in mosquitoes. | aedes aegypti were injected intrathoracically with double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses with inserted sequences derived from the genome of one or more of the four dengue (den) virus serotypes. mosquitoes were highly resistant to challenge with homologous den viruses from which the effector sequences were derived, and resistance to den viruses was independent of the orientation of the effector rna. dssin viruses designed to express rna derived from the premembrane coding region of den-2 prev ... | 2001 | 11437918 |
| [epidemiology of dengue in salvador-bahia, 1995-1999]. | since 1981, brazil has registered dengue epidemic and simultaneous circulation of the den-1 and den-2 serotypes in over 2,700 municipalities. in salvador- bahia, located in the northeastern region of the country, two epidemic outbreaks occurred in the years of 1995 and 1996, with further endemic spread of the disease. this study analyses the incidence of the virosis within this municipal area, from 1995 to 1999, considering, among other variables, its distribution in the sanitary districts and d ... | 2001 | 11460213 |
| detection of dengue viruses in field caught male aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in singapore by type-specific pcr. | field male aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) adults caught from fixed monitoring stations weekly for 1 yr were screened for dengue viruses (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the assay was carried out using a single-step reverse transcription (or transcriptase)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the nonstructural protein three gene (ns3) of dengue viruses. the diagnostic fragm ... | 2001 | 11476326 |
| analysis of survival of young and old aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidac) from puerto rico and thailand. | it generally is assumed that the daily probability of survival of wild adult mosquitoes is independent of age. to test this assumption we conducted mark-release-recapture studies in puerto rico and thailand to determine if estimated daily survival rates between two different age cohorts of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.) were the same. survivorship was estimated with nonlinear regression analysis using bootstrapping to obtain estimates of errors. initial recapture success of the younger coh ... | 2001 | 11476334 |
| the use of sticky ovitraps to estimate dispersal of aedes aegypti in northeastern mexico. | a newly designed sticky ovitrap was used to determine the dispersal flight of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in northeastern mexico. unfed marked females were released in the field where 100 sticky ovitraps had been positioned within a circular area 300 m in diameter. success of this method was represented by a 7.7% (31 of 401) recapture rate during a 19-day sampling period. the maximum dispersal distance was 120 m with a mean of 30.5 m +/- 4.5 sd. drastic hot and dry climatic conditions at the ... | 2001 | 11480827 |
| [aedes aegypti (l.) population in an endemic area of dengue in southeast brazil]. | a aedes aegypti population from an area of dengue transmission was studied to determine mosquito's frequency, spatial distribution, parity, its ovarian development and midgut contents. | 2001 | 11486145 |
| phylogenetic analysis of dengue-3 viruses prevalent in guatemala during 1996-1998. | dengue is an acute viral disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito which is present in most tropical urban areas of the world. there are four antigenically distinct serotypes, designated dengue-1 (den-1), dengue-2 (den-2), dengue-3 (den-3) and dengue-4 virus (den-4). in this study, we determined the serotypes of dengue viruses isolated in guatemala in 1995-1998, and found that den-3 viruses appeared in 1995 and became predominant in the following three years. we then sequenced cdnas from ... | 2001 | 11556713 |
| [factors that modify the larval indices of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico]. | in order to investigate the variables that could have the greatest impact on larval indices of aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, a descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out in the city of colima, which is located in the mexican pacific coastal state of the same name. | 2001 | 11558250 |
| detection of dengue viral rna in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) exposed to sticky lures using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | active surveillance for dengue (den) virus infected mosquitoes can be an effective way to predict the risk of dengue infection in a given area. however, doing so may pose logistical problems if mosquitoes must be kept alive or frozen fresh to detect den virus. in an attempt to simplify mosquito processing, we evaluated the usefulness of a sticky lure and a seminested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-pcr) for detecting den virus rna under laboratory conditions using exper ... | 2001 | 11580045 |
| evaluation of biological and chemical insecticide mixture against aedes aegypti larvae and adults by thermal fogging in singapore. | to improve the operational efficiency of dengue vector control in singapore, larvicide and adulticide were applied together by thermal fog generator (agrofog af40). the mixture consisted of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac 12 as) as biological larvicide at 1.5 l/ha and pirimiphos-methyl (actellic 50 ec) as adulticide at 100 g ai/ha, diluted 10-fold with water. aerosol of this mixture was evaluated against the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in bioassays using ca ... | 2001 | 11583451 |
| dengue virus and insecticide susceptibility status of aedes aegypti mosquitoes from belagola village, mandya district, karnataka state: during and post-epidemic investigations. | aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected during and after dengue virus epidemic season were exposed to diagnostic dosages of insecticides. mosquitoes collected during the epidemic showed resistance to ddt only, while mosquitoes collected after the control measures showed tolerance to malathion and low resistance to ddt. since there was no indication of malathion resistance in the mosquitoes collected during the epidemic, the second batch was subjected to malathion selection pressure for 8 generations ... | 2000 | 11668935 |
| use of a computer model to identify potential hotspots for dengue fever in new zealand. | to describe the areas of potential dengue fever risk in new zealand for present climatic conditions and projected scenarios of climate change. | 2001 | 11700749 |
| a live attenuated recombinant dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with restricted capacity for dissemination in mosquitoes and lack of transmission from vaccinees to mosquitoes. | 2adelta30 is a live dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in its 3'-untranslated region. to assess the transmissibility of 2adelta30 by mosquitoes, we compared its in vivo replication in mosquitoes with that of its wild type den-4 parent. both the vaccine candidate and wild type virus were equally able to infect the mosquito toxorhynchites splendens after intrathoracic inoculation. relative to its wild type parent, 2adelta30 was slightly restricted in its ability to infe ... | 2001 | 11716092 |
| population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from madagascar. | starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess the polymorphism of 7 isoenzymes in single mosquitoes (field-collected f0 or f1 generation) for aedes albopictus (8 strains) from northern madagascar. mosquitoes of the f2 generation (3 strains of aedes aegypti and 10 strains of ae. albopictus) were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. aedes aegypti was less susceptible to viral infection than ae. albopictus. the genetic differentiation was less high between ae. albopictus populatio ... | 2001 | 11716103 |
| horizontal and vertical transmission of dengue virus type 2 in highly and lowly susceptible strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | isofemale lines of aedes aegypti mosquitoes highly and lowly susceptible to dengue type 2 (den-2) virus (den(h) and den(l), respectively) were established by oral feeding and individual rearing. the susceptibility at f13 generation was found to be 61% and 25% for the den(h) and den(l) line, respectively. the virus-infected mosquito females were allowed to probe on bovine albumin phosphate saline ph 7.2 (baps) through membrane feeders. the presence of virus in the probed baps was determined eithe ... | 2001 | 11719984 |
| educational campaign versus malathion spraying for the control of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico. | to evaluate the effect of an educational campaign for reducing the breeding places of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue; and to compare its effects with the ones obtained by spraying of malathion at ultralow volume. | 2002 | 11812816 |
| larval occurrence, oviposition behavior and biting activity of potential mosquito vectors of dengue on samui island, thailand. | a 1995 outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) occurred on samui island in thailand with an incidence of almost 500 cases/100,000 population. to find and develop effective strategies to control this disease through cost-effective vector control programs, entomological studies were carried out on the island between 1996 and 1998. there were two species of dhf vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus prevailing on the island, and the population of ae. aegypti remained relatively constant thro ... | 2001 | 11813654 |
| dengue virus infections. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. its geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide, where more than 2.5 billion people are at risk for dengue infections. most people will have asymptomatic infections, but the disease manifestations range from an influenza-like disease known as dengue fever to a severe, sometimes fatal disease characterized by hemorrhage and shock, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome ... | 2002 | 11880737 |
| dengue: an update. | this review is an update of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) based on international and cuban experience. we describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and dhf, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions (southeast asia, western pacific, and the americas). the clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are explained. we also discuss the viral, individual, and environmental factors that determine severe disease. much more re ... | 2002 | 11892494 |
| observations on the breeding habitat of aedes species in the steel township, rourkela. | prompted by report of large number of dengue fever cases in township of rourkela steel plant, entomological surveys were carried out to know the distribution and extent of aedes breeding in and around the dengue fever affected areas. out of 2062 water containers searched, 819 were positive for aedes larvae. the house index (hi), container index (ci) and breteau index (bi) were 53.4, 39.7 and 118.5 respectively. 27.9% of the houses had single breeding habitats. the breateau index of single storey ... | 2001 | 11898460 |
| specific detection of chikungunya virus using a rt-pcr/nested pcr combination. | chikungunya (chik) virus is enzootic in many countries in asia and throughout tropical africa. in asia the virus is transmitted from primates to humans almost exclusively by aedes aegypti, while various aedine mosquito species are responsible for human infections in africa. the clinical picture is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, rash and severe pain in the joints which may persist in a small proportion of cases. although not listed as a haemorrhagic fever virus, illness caused by chik ... | 2002 | 11911593 |
| epidemiological significanceof subterranean aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in charters towers, 1993. | the objective of this study wasto determine the epidemiological significance of subterranean mosquito breeding sites to the 1993 outbreak of dengue fever (type 2) in the northern queensland town of charters towers, australia. in recent studies on subterranean mosquito breeding, containers such as wells and service manholes have been shown to be important breeding sites to australia's only dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.). this study demonstrates a direct epidemiological association between subt ... | 2002 | 11931248 |
| dengue in cuba: mobilisation against aedes aegypti. | | 2002 | 11937420 |
| dengue virus infection rate in field populations of female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in singapore. | we developed a single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the non-structural protein gene (ns3) of dengue viruses to type dengue viruses in field populations of female aedes mosquitoes. this yielded diagnostic fragments of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. from 1997 to 2000, 54 (6.9%) of 781 aedes aegypti and 67 (2.9%) ... | 2002 | 11952948 |
| germ line transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, mediated by transpositional insertion of a piggybac vector. | mosquito-vectored diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever continue to have a substantial impact on human populations world-wide. novel strategies for control of these mosquito vectored diseases can arise through the development of reliable systems for genetic manipulation of the insect vector. a piggybac vector marked with the drosophila melanogaster cinnabar (cn) gene was used to transform the white-eyed khw strain of aedes aegypti. microinjection of preblastoderm embryos resulted in fou ... | 2002 | 11966878 |
| an inexpensive intervention for the control of larval aedes aegypti assessed by an improved method of surveillance and analysis. | a sampling method coupled with statistical calibration factors was developed to accurately assess the numbers of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti in large water-storage containers of variable capacities and water levels. aedes aegypti productivity in different types of breeding sites found in an urban study area in central colombia was assessed and compared. in this study, water-storage tanks and drums were found to comprise 79% of the containers positive for larval ae. aegypti, which contribut ... | 2002 | 11998929 |
| polygamy: the possibly significant behavior of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in relation to the efficient transmission of dengue virus. | the polygamous behavior of male aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) was investigated by co-habiting a newly-emerged male and females in a 30 cm3 cage (1 male: 20 females) for up to 5 consecutive days. as determined by insemination rates, the results indicated that one ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus male could successfully mate with 1.10 (0-4), 4.10 (1-8), 5.40 (4-8), 5.10 (2-8), 5.15 (3-9) and 0.20 (0-3), 1.70 (0-3), 2.35 (1-4), 2.30 (0-4), 2.35 (1-4) ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus fem ... | 2001 | 12041548 |
| [epidemiology of dengue infection in ribeirão preto, sp, brazil]. | to assess dengue transmission in a correctional facility for juvenile delinquents in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, brazil. | 2002 | 12045796 |
| education in primary school as a strategy to control dengue. | the proliferation of aedes aegypti, a species of mosquito that is the vector of the dengue pathogen, is being augmented by the population's lack of care in allowing the formation of larval habitats. one form of controlling dengue is the distribution of information on the mosquito to improve awareness and to provide the means necessary for the elimination of its reproductive habitats. to evaluate a teaching method concerning the vector and dengue, students from the 5th and 6th years of primary ed ... | 2002 | 12045814 |
| [critical aspects of dengue control in brazil]. | dengue is now the main reemerging disease in the world. in the absence of an efficacious preventive vaccine and effective etiologic treatment and chemoprophylaxis, the only vulnerable link for reducing dengue transmission is the mosquito aedes aegypti, its principal vector. there are many difficulties in combating this mosquito in large and medium-sized cities. the complexity of contemporary urban life generates factors that facilitate the mosquito's proliferation and constraints on the reductio ... | 2002 | 12048612 |
| temporal genetic variation in aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city (vietnam). | aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses in asia, displays variation in population density over time. the larval habitats of this species being unevenly distributed and transient (depending on cycles of drought and flood), the forces generating temporal variation in gene frequencies in populations are studied. we sampled seven mosquito populations from ho chi minh city (vietnam) and its suburbs on five occasions between april 1999 and august 2000. we investigated genetic variation by stu ... | 2002 | 12080364 |
| isolation of chikungunya virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the town of yawat, pune district, maharashtra state, india. | chikungunya (chik) virus is prevalent throughout southeast asia and africa. it has caused numerous large outbreaks in india. no active or passive surveillance has been carried out since the last epidemic occurring in 1971. during a recent outbreak of dengue (den)-like illness in eastern india, aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the affected area were positive for chik virus. evidence of dual infection with chik and den typel virus was also obtained. a widely circulating low-virulent chik vi ... | 2001 | 12083330 |
| the use of commercial saponin from quillaja saponaria bark as a natural larvicidal agent against aedes aegypti and culex pipiens. | the larvicidal activity of commercial bark saponin extract (sigma) from quillaja saponaria was studied on 3rd-4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens (vectors for dengue fever and western nile virus, respectively). the larvae were exposed to serial concentrations (1000, 800, 500, 300, 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/l) of the extract for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 days. the results indicate that commercial bark saponin is toxic, causing 100% larval mortality in a. aegypti and c. pipiens after 1 ... | 2002 | 12127245 |
| gender-related family head schooling and aedes aegypti larval breeding risk in southern mexico. | to investigate if family head genre-associated education is related to the risk of domiciliary aedes aegypti larval breeding in a dengue-endemic village of southern mexico. | 2002 | 12132321 |
| control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops (copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. | we describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in 6 communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of haiphong, hung yen, and nam dinh in vietnam. the communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. these were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local mesocyclops, mainly m. woutersi van der velde, m. as ... | 2002 | 12135266 |
| [aedes albopictus (s) in the region of são josé do rio preto, sp, brazil: a study of its infestation in an area where aedes aegypti was already established and a discussion of its role as a possible vector of dengue and yellow fever]. | the objectives of this survey were to study the evolution of aedes albopictus infestation in são josé do rio preto region, sp, an area already occupied by aedes aegypti and also to discuss its role in transmitting diseases. analyzing data from urban mosquito larval density surveys of the region's municipalities, year and site of the occurrence, composition and location of larval samples, breeding containers and breteau indices were studied. by may 2001, the vector was found in 96 of 100 municipa ... | 2002 | 12170331 |
| comparative toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations against anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti linn. | toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis h-14 israelensis (bti) and insect growth regulators was determined against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, the two major urban mosquito vectors of malaria and dengue fever in india respectively. the study revealed that the formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and igr compounds were highly toxic against both the mosquito species but bacillus sphaericus formulation was less toxic against aedes ... | 2001 | 12170930 |
| effect of anticoagulants on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to dengue virus infection. | | 2002 | 12197636 |
| genetic differentiation of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (ho chi minh city, vietnam) using microsatellite markers. | dengue haemorrhagic fever emerged in the 1950s and has become a major public health concern in most asian countries. in vietnam, little is known about the intraspecific variation of the vector and its consequences on vectorial capacity. here we report the use of microsatellite markers to differentiate aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city, a typical, overcrowded asian city. six microsatellite loci, with 5-14 alleles per locus, were scored in 20 mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho ch ... | 2002 | 12207714 |
| dynamics of dengue virus circulation: a silent epidemic in a complex urban area. | serotypes of dengue den-1 and den-2 have been reported in much of brazil over the last 15 years, and den-3 serotype was only recently detected. this prospective study was conducted in salvador, a large city in north-east brazil, where two epidemics were previously recorded (den-1 and den-2). we obtained the seroprevalence and 1-year incidence of dengue infections in the population of 30 sampling areas of salvador and analysed the relationship between intensity of viral circulation, standard of l ... | 2002 | 12225506 |
| developing arbovirus resistance in mosquitoes. | diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses are increasingly significant public health problems, and novel methods are needed to control pathogen transmission. the hypothesis underlying the research described here is that genetic manipulation of aedes aegypti mosquitoes can profoundly and permanently reduce their competence to transmit dengue viruses to human hosts. recent key findings now allow us to test the genetic control hypothesis. we have identified viral genome-derived rna segments that c ... | 2002 | 12225924 |
| infectious diseases in mexico. a survey from 1995-2000. | data obtained at a central laboratory for emerging, re-emerging, and other infectious diseases in mexico from 1995-2000 are presented. an outstanding increase of den-3 circulation was identified. aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is widely distributed. leptospirosis has become the most important differential diagnosis for dengue. identification of rabies virus variants allowed cataloging of new transmitters of rabies. rotavirus showed a clear seasonal distribution, while different proportions of ... | 2002 | 12234523 |
| flavivirus susceptibility in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of yellow fever (yf) and dengue fever (df) flaviviruses worldwide. in this review we focus on past and present research on genetic components and environmental factors in aedes aegypti that appear to control flavivirus transmission. we review genetic relationships among ae. aegypti populations throughout the world and discuss how variation in vector competence is correlated with overall genetic differences among populations. we describe current research into h ... | 2002 | 12234528 |
| genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti mainland and island populations from southern thailand. | isozymes of 5 wild-caught collections of aedes aegypti were compared by using starch gel electrophoresis. all collections were collected from surat-thanee province, southern thailand, an area considered to be a hyperendemic zone for dengue virus. one collection was from donsak harbor, whereas the other 4 collections were from 4 districts of samui island. the percent polymorphic loci (24.2-33%) in the 4 island collections was lower than in the mainland collection (36.4%). this study revealed a la ... | 2002 | 12322938 |
| genetic structure of aedes aegypti populations in chiang mai (thailand) and relation with dengue transmission. | we analysed the population genetic structure and differentiation regarding vector competence for a dengue virus of 15 aedes aegypti samples collected from chiang mai in northern thailand. based on polymorphism of 10 isoenzyme loci, genetic differentiation was confirmed among samples collected in different subdistricts (high fst values and p < 0.05). based on infection rate for a dengue 2 virus, susceptibilities were similar in mosquitoes collected in san nuea subdistrict and in choeng doi subdis ... | 2002 | 12358622 |
| a putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kda glycoprotein. | dengue virus (denv) infects target cells by attaching to various cell receptors, many of which are still unknown. in c6/36 cells (aedes albopictus cell line), denv-4 bound to two glycoproteins of 40 and 45 kda, located on the cell surface. preincubation of cells with polyclonal antibody against the 45-kda protein specifically blocked denv-4 infection of c6/36 cells. the antibody and purified denv-4 detected the 45-kda molecule in total extracts from eggs, larvae, and pupae as well as from the mi ... | 2002 | 12363068 |
| variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of aedes aegypti from mexico and the united states. | aedes aegypti from 24 collections in mexico and the united states were challenged orally with dengue 2 virus jam1409 (den-2 jam1409). the vector competence (vc) of the populations ranged from 24% to 83%. mosquito populations from the yucatan exhibited greater vc than those from other areas of mexico. the presence or absence of a midgut infection barrier (mib) and a midgut escape barrier (meb) was determined for mosquitoes in each population. the percentage of mosquitoes exhibiting an mib ranged ... | 2002 | 12363070 |
| dengue virus type 3 isolation from aedes aegypti in the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro. | in a prospective field study conducted from july 2000 to june 2001, adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes were caught from the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro, brazil. virus isolation in ae. albopictus clone c6/36 cell line and a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected only dengue virus type 3 in three pools of ae. aegypti, despite the co-circulation of den-1, den-2 and den-3 serotypes in that area. no viruses were detected in ae. alb ... | 2002 | 12386700 |
| persistence of dengue-3 virus through transovarial transmission passage in successive generations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | progeny of aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected intrathoracically with dengue-3 virus was reared to subsequent generations. in each generation, blood-fed females were confined individually and the eggs obtained from the transovarially infected females were pooled. the seventh generation obtained from the infected parental mosquitoes showed that virus could persist in mosquitoes in successive generations through transovarial passage. the rate of vertical transmission initially increased in the few g ... | 2002 | 12389940 |
| roof gutters: a key container for aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae) in australia. | the contribution of roof gutters to aedes aegypti (l.) and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (skuse) pupal populations was quantified for the first time in cairns, australia. concurrent yard and roof surveys yielded an estimated 6,934 mosquito pupae, comprising four species. roof gutters were an uncommon but productive source of ae. aegypti in both wet season (n = 11) and dry season (n = 2) surveys, producing 52.6% and 39.5% of the respective populations. first story gutters accounted for 92.3% of the p ... | 2002 | 12408662 |
| dengue and its vectors in thailand: introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of aedes larvae. | a study was conducted from 1989 to 1994 that included surveillance for dengue and its mosquito vectors in 3 villages and 2 schools in chachoengsao province, 100 km east of bangkok, thailand. the study is introduced, and results of larval surveys for aedes mosquitoes (predominantly aedes aegypti (l.)), with 94, 86, and 90% of positive containers infested by this species in the hot, wet, and cool seasons, respectively), are described. these surveys were conducted in 1990-1991 during each of the 3 ... | 2002 | 12408663 |
| growth characteristics of chimerivax-den2 vaccine virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | the chimeric yellow fever (yf) 17d-dengue type 2 (chimerivax-den2) vaccine virus developed by acambis, inc. (cambridge, ma) contains the prm and e genes of wild-type (wt) dengue 2 (den-2) (strain puo-218) virus in the yf vaccine virus (strain 17d) backbone. the potential of chimerivax-den2 virus to infect and be transmitted by aedes aegypti, the principal den and yf virus mosquito vector, and aedes albopictus, a species that occurs in areas of active transmission of yf and den viruses, was evalu ... | 2002 | 12408664 |
| geographic genetic variation in populations of the dengue virus vector aedes aegypti. | isoenzyme variation was assessed in 79 mosquito samples of aedes aegypti, and susceptibility to a dengue 2 virus strain was evaluated in 83 samples. analysis of fst values, differentiation indexes, and geographic distances separating populations revealed that genetic differences between populations depended on the species' history of migration and colonization. three major clusters were identified: (1). the sylvan form, ae. ae. formosus, from west africa and some islands in the indian ocean; (2) ... | 2002 | 12486524 |
| isoenzyme differentiation of aedes aegypti populations in french guiana. | population genetics of peri-domestic aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue and yellow fever, were investigated by gel electrophoresis of 10 enzyme loci in 14 samples of mosquito larvae collected in 1997-1998 from localities separated by distances of 3-275 km in french guiana. genetic differentiation between geographical populations was generally high (mean fst = +0.111, p < 10(-5)) even among seven sites <30 km apart (fst = +0.137, p < 0.05), but not positively correlated with dis ... | 2002 | 12510901 |
| [an etiological and serological study on dengue epidemic in guangdong province]. | in 1978-1995, dengue fever epidemics(serotype 1-4) occurred in guangdong province. among 9 species of mosquitoes found in the epidemic areas, the positive rate of virus isolation in aedes albopictus was 20.69%, in aedes aegypti 18.95%, in culex quinquefasciatus 10.29%, dengue viruses were not isolated in other 6 species of mosquitoes. the positive rate of virus isolation in the three species showed no significant differences (chi 2 = 2.77 p > 0.05). aedes aegypti was the main transmitting vector ... | 1998 | 12515199 |
| [detection of dengue virus genome rna in some kinds of animals caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | detection of dengue virus genome rna in brain of bats caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island were carried out with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(rt-pcr). positive result was demonstrated in 20 of 35 bats tested, with a positive rate of 57.14%; rt-pcr was applied for the detection of dengue virus genome rna in sera of bats caught from the endemic areas in hainan island, 3(16.66%) of 18 sera were positive. dengue virus genome rna in female aedes aegypti captured ... | 1998 | 12526321 |
| texas lifestyle limits transmission of dengue virus. | urban dengue is common in most countries of the americas, but has been rare in the united states for more than half a century. in 1999 we investigated an outbreak of the disease that affected nuevo laredo, tamaulipas, mexico, and laredo, texas, united states, contiguous cities that straddle the international border. the incidence of recent cases, indicated by immunoglobulin m antibody serosurvey, was higher in nuevo laredo, although the vector, aedes aegypti, was more abundant in laredo. environ ... | 2003 | 12533286 |
| control of the aedes vectors of the dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti: the french polynesian experience. | in most of the 130 islands of french polynesia, the stenotopic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (the main local vector for the viruses causing dengue) and aedes polynesiensis (the main local vector of wuchereria bancrofti) share many breeding sites in water containers such as discarded cans, coconut shells, buckets and water-storage pots and drums. in addition to selective application of insecticides, non-polluting methods of controlling these mosquitoes have been evaluated during the last decade in two ... | 2002 | 12625924 |
| diverse dengue type 2 virus populations contain recombinant and both parental viruses in a single mosquito host. | envelope (e) protein genes sampled from populations of dengue 2 (den-2) virus in individual aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in serum from dengue patients were copied to cdna, cloned, and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences of the e genes in more than 70% of the clones differed from the consensus sequence for the corresponding virus population at up to 11 sites, and 24 of the 94 clones contained at least one stop codon. virus populations recovered up to 2 years apart yielded clones with similar poly ... | 2003 | 12634407 |
| low oral receptivity for dengue type 2 viruses of aedes albopictus from southeast asia compared with that of aedes aegypti. | dengue hemorrhagic fever has been a major health problem in asia since the 1950s. during this period, the former principal vector of dengue viruses in asia, aedes albopictus, was replaced by aedes aegypti in most major cities of the area. ae. aegypti is now considered the main vector of dengue viruses in asia. surprisingly, however, this mosquito has been described as having a relatively low oral receptivity for dengue viruses compared with ae. albopictus. in the present study, we compared the r ... | 2003 | 12641412 |
| dengue and its vectors in thailand: calculated transmission risk from total pupal counts of aedes aegypti and association of wing-length measurements with aspects of the larval habitat. | working in a village dengue focus in chachoengsao province, thailand, aedine mosquito larvae and pupae were counted in all containers of 10 houses per month. the wings of female aedes aegypti (l.) emerging from pupae were measured. number of pupae and size of emerging females increased in containers with qualities that favored availability of larval food sources (e.g., uncovered containers). the small size of most mosquitoes compared with those raised in the laboratory indicated that the larval ... | 2003 | 12641413 |
| [aedes aegypti, vector of the dengue virus: spatio-temporal structure of its genetic variation]. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue viruses. methods for limiting the spread of dengue outbreaks are currently based on vector control. estimates of population genetic organization and gene flow with respect to vector capacity have provided great insights into dengue epidemiology. in vietnam, dengue hemorrhagic fever was detected in the 1950's and becomes today the major problem of public health. among factors influencing dengue epidemiology, ecological disturbances have a direct impact o ... | 2002 | 12669664 |
| spatial distribution of the larval indices of aedes aegypti in guadalupe, nuevo león, mexico, with circular distribution analysis. | a census of all outdoor larval breeding sites (951) present in 361 dwellings in a neighborhood of guadalupe in northeastern mexico was conducted in october 1997 to determine larval indices of aedes aegypti, and their relationship to human population density and vegetation type. here we present a method that allows finding the direction and extrapolar flight range of vectors, as parameters in the dynamics of dengue transmission. by using circular statistics applied to each block of data, ranges ( ... | 2003 | 12674529 |
| field evaluation of a smoke-generating formulation containing beta-cypermethrin against the dengue vector in argentina. | previous results from laboratory and prefield assays obtained by our laboratory indicated that the fumigant canister cipein pf-7 (bolate) a smoke-generating formulation containing 5% beta-cypermethrin, has excellent performance as an adulticide for aedes aegypti control. a field trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of cipein pf-7 to control adult mosquitoes of ae. aegypti inside houses. the trial was carried out in colonia delicia, a locality of 4,750 inhabitants, located in misio ... | 2003 | 12674535 |
| differential susceptibility of aedes aegypti to infection by the american and southeast asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. | outbreaks of dengue hemorrhagic fever have coincided with the introduction of the southeast (se) asian genotype of dengue type 2 virus in the western hemisphere. this introduced genotype appears to be rapidly displacing the indigenous, american genotype of dengue 2 virus throughout the region. these field observations raise the possibility that the se asian genotype of dengue 2 is better adapted for vector transmission than its american counterpart. to evaluate this hypothesis, we compared the a ... | 2001 | 12680353 |
| persistent transovarial infection of successive generations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes with dengue-3 virus. | | 2003 | 12685627 |
| [a challenge for the public health system in brazil: dengue control]. | this article presents a critical analysis of the traditional strategy used to control aedes aegypti using "health surveillance patrols", with periodic visits to all urban buildings. the strategy is not viable and/or is administratively unfeasible at present, since it has been proposed since the 1980s but has not been implemented. brazilian health reform prioritized the expansion of coverage for basic health services, and not measures to control specific diseases. a. aegypti, which was reintroduc ... | 2003 | 12700811 |
| dispersal of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in an urban endemic dengue area in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | experimental releases of female aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus were performed in august and september 1999, in an urban area of nova igua u, state of rio de janeiro, brazil, to estimate their flight range in a circular area of 1,600 m where 1,472 ovitraps were set. releases of 3,055 ae. aegypti and 2,225 ae. albopictus females, fed with rubidium (rb)-marked blood and surgically prevented from subsequent blood-feeding, were separated by 11 days. rb was detected in ovit ... | 2003 | 12764433 |
| functional characterization of a glutamate/aspartate transporter from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | glutamate elicits a variety of effects in insects, including inhibitory and excitatory signals at both neuromuscular junctions and brain. insect glutamatergic neurotransmission has been studied in great depth especially from the standpoint of the receptor-mediated effects, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the termination of the numerous glutamatergic signals have only recently begun to receive attention. in vertebrates, glutamatergic signals are terminated by na(+)/k(+)-dependent high-af ... | 2003 | 12771173 |
| laboratory surveillance of dengue in argentina, 1995-2001. | local transmission of dengue fever virus in argentina is increased by the presence of aedes aegypti mosquitoes and dengue outbreaks in neighboring countries. from 1995 to 2001, a laboratory-based active surveillance program detected 922 dengue cases. indigenous transmission involving dengue-1 and -2 serotypes was confirmed only in subtropical areas in northern argentina. | 2003 | 12781019 |
| efficiency of dengue serotype 2 virus strains to infect and disseminate in aedes aegypti. | dengue serotype 2 (den-2) viruses with the potential to cause dengue hemorrhagic fever have been shown to belong to the southeast (se) asian genotype. these viruses appear to be rapidly displacing the american genotype of den-2 in the western hemisphere. to determine whether distinct genotypes of den-2 virus are better adapted to mosquito transmission, we classified 15 viral strains of den-2 phylogenetically and compared their ability to infect and disseminate in different populations of aedes a ... | 2003 | 12812340 |
| field evaluation of a lethal ovitrap against dengue vectors in brazil. | field evaluation of a "lethal ovitrap" (lo) to control dengue vector aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), was undertaken in two brazilian municipalities, areia branca and nilopolis, in the state of rio de janeiro. the lo is designed to kill aedes via an insecticide-treated ovistrip (impregnated with deltamethrin). in each municipality, the intervention was applied to a group of 30 houses (10 los/house) and compared to 30 houses without los in the same neighbourhood. five los were put outside a ... | 2003 | 12823838 |
| climatic and social risk factors for aedes infestation in rural thailand. | an intense epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever in 1998 prompted the thai government to investigate the feasibility of focalized vector (aedes aegypti) control programmes. we tested for correlations of three indices of aedes larval abundance (housing index, container index and breteau index) against 38 socio-economic and four climatic variables. availability of public water wells, existence of transport services and proportion of tin houses were positively associated with larval indices. privat ... | 2003 | 12828549 |
| identification of the people from whom engorged aedes aegypti took blood meals in florida, puerto rico, using polymerase chain reaction-based dna profiling. | we used polymerase chain reaction-based dna profiling to construct allelic profiles for residents and visitors of 22 houses in florida, puerto rico, and human dna from blood meals in aedes aegypti that were collected in those homes. complete profiles were obtained for < or = 2 days after blood ingestion. eighteen percent of the meals came from two different people. there was no evidence of meals from > or = 2 people. eighty percent of the meal sources were identified, > 70% were taken from resid ... | 2003 | 12875293 |
| dengue and the risk of urban yellow fever reintroduction in são paulo state, brazil. | to propose a mathematical method for the estimation of the basic reproduction number, r0, of urban yellow fever in a dengue-infested area. | 2003 | 12937709 |
| first report of the oriental mosquito aedes albopictus on the west african island of bioko, equatorial guinea. | the invasive oriental mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) was detected on bioko island for the first time in november 2001. it was found to be well established breeding in artificial containers at planta, near malabo, the capital of equatorial guinea. associated species of mosquito larvae were aedes aegypti (l.), ae. africanus (theobald), culex near decens theobald, cx. duttoni theobald, cx. quinquefasciatus say, cx. tigripes de grandpré & de charmoy, eretmapodites ... | 2003 | 12941021 |
| guidelines on the cost-effectiveness of larval control programs to reduce dengue transmission in puerto rico. | in the past 20 years, the emphasis for avoiding dengue epidemics has focused on larval control of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue viruses. a general consensus is that mosquito larval control holds the best promise for reducing dengue epidemics, although its actual effectiveness is still unknown and subject to a great deal of uncertainty. the objective of this research was to assess the cost-effectiveness of emergency larval control programs for reducing dengue transmission ... | 2003 | 12952602 |
| aedes aegypti in south vietnam: ecology, genetic structure, vectorial competence and resistance to insecticides. | in vietnam, dengue hemorrhagic fever has been detected since the 1950s. in southeast asia, urban centers expanded rapidly in an uncontrolled and unplanned way. the aedes aegypti populations and dengue viruses thrived in these new ecological and demographic settings. the result of these changes was a greatly extended geographic distribution, increased densities of ae. aegypti and the maintenance of the four dengue serotypes leading to a dramatic increase in dengue transmission. to assess the role ... | 2003 | 12971518 |
| resistance of aedes aegypti from the state of são paulo, brazil, to organophosphates insecticides. | since the reintroduction of aedes aegypti in the state of s o paulo, in the middle of the 1980-decade, organophosphate insecticides are being used to control the dengue vector. in 1996, an annual program for monitoring the susceptibility of ae. aegypti to the insecticides was implemented. some of the results of this monitoring program are presented. ae. aegypti populations from ten localities have been submitted to bioassays with the diagnostic dose of temephos and fenitrothion. only two (mar li ... | 2003 | 12973541 |
| outbreak of dengue fever in palau, western pacific: risk factors for infection. | between january and june 1995, an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in palau, an island nation of 32,000 inhabitants in the western pacific. to determine the magnitude of this outbreak and to determine modifiable risk factors to guide control strategies, we established active surveillance at the national hospital and private clinics, reviewed available clinical records, and conducted serologic and entomologic surveys. between january 1 and july 1, 1995, 817 case-patients with acute febrile illne ... | 2003 | 13677368 |
| dengue types 1 and 4 viruses in wild-caught mosquitoes in south india. | three strains of type 1 dengue virus and two strains of type 4 dengue virus have been isolated from aedes aegypti collected in vellore, india. | 1964 | 14075719 |
| viruses associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fevers of the philippines and thailand. | epidemiologic, clinical, and etiologic studies were carried out on a newly recognized, frequently fatal, pediatric disease syndrome which occurred in urban areas infested with aedes aegypti mosquitoes. four types of dengue virus (two of which are new), chikungunya virus, and another virus yet to be identified were isolated from the blood of patients. dengue viruses, types 2 and 3, were isolated from the mosquitoes. ample serologic confirmation was obtained of concurrent hemorrhagic fever and inf ... | 1960 | 14399343 |
| isolation and serotyping of dengue viruses by mosquito inoculation technique from clinically suspected cases of dengue fever. | dengue virus was isolated from 44 clinically suspected cases of dengue fever by mosquito inoculation technique using aedes aegypti mosquito in the department of virology, bsmmu in the year 2000. identification of dengue virus was done by direct fluorescent antibody technique using fitc conjugated anti-dengue monoclonal antibody and serotyping was carried out by indirect fluorescent antibody technique using serotype specific monoclonal anti-dengue antibody. the dengue virus isolation rate was 41. ... | 2002 | 14509382 |
| surveillance for the dengue vector aedes aegypti in tobago, west indies. | an island-wide house survey was conducted in january 2002 to determine the geographic distribution, container profile, and population density of the aedes aegypti in tobago, west indies. the results showed the ae. aegypti infestation levels were significantly different (p > 0.01) among the 4 districts, with greater infestation levels (p > 0.01) observed in the northern and windward districts than in the central and leeward districts. from the 50 towns in tobago, houses were found positive in del ... | 2003 | 14524540 |
| role of gregarine parasite ascogregarina culicis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in the maintenance of chikungunya virus in vector mosquito. | ascogregarina culicis and ascogregarina taiwanensis are common gregarine parasites of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, respectively. these mosquito species are also known to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. the sporozoites of these parasites invade the midgut epithelial cells and develop intracellularly and extracellularly in the gut to complete their life cycles. the midgut is also the primary site for virus replication in the vector mosquitoes. therefore, studies were car ... | 2003 | 14563178 |
| [application of one step rt-pcr assay for detection of flavivirus rna in mosquitoes]. | the conditions of one step rt-pcr method for detection of virus rna in field-collected mosquitoes, and preservation period of infected mosquitoes for one step rt-pcr were examined. we compared several virus rna extraction methods with artificially contaminated mosquito pools with dengue virus (dv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and yellow fever virus (yfv) with a known amount of plaque forming unit (pfu) to establish the condition of one step rt-pcr. in this study, most effective rna extrac ... | 2003 | 14608915 |
| [interepidemic transmission of dengue in the city of colima, mexico]. | to determine the occurrence of interepidemic dengue in a community infested with aedes aegypti and to analyze its epidemiologic characteristics. | 2003 | 14628616 |
| acute atrial fibrillation during dengue hemorrhagic fever. | dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the mosquito, aedes aegypti. cardiac rhythm disorders, such as atrioventricular blocks and ventricular ectopic beats, appear during infection and are attributed to viral myocarditis. however, supraventricular arrhythmias have not been reported. we present a case of acute atrial fibrillation, with a rapid ventricular rate, successfully treated with intravenous amiodarone, in a 62-year-old man with dengue hemorrhagic fever, who had no structural hea ... | 2003 | 14636482 |
| [dominance of aedes aegypti over aedes albopictus in the southeastern coast of brazil]. | to assess infestation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopiticus and describe their association with weather conditions and container colonization in urban areas. | 2003 | 14666302 |