| candimine-induced cell death of the amitochondriate parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | candimine (1), an alkaloid from the bulbs of hippeastrum morelianum, was found to be cytotoxic for the amitochondriate parasite trichomonas vaginalis. candimine (1) induced cell death with an unprecedented group of effects that failed to fulfill the criteria for apoptosis and apoptosis-like death already reported in trichomonads. arrest of the parasite cell cycle, and morphologic and ultrastructural alterations, including marked cytoplasmic vacuolization, were induced by 1. the present findings ... | 2010 | 21105684 |
| identification and characterization of a type iii trichomonas vaginalis virus in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | a type iii trichomonas vaginalis virus, which may be involved in transcriptional regulation of the major surface protein gene p270 of the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis, was purified and characterized in the present study. the complete 4844-base-pair complementary dna sequence of the viral genome reveals overlapping cap and pol genes with a putative ribosomal frame-shifting signal within the overlap region. the type iii virus is related more closely to the type ii virus than to the typ ... | 2010 | 21110050 |
| genetic relatedness of trichomonas vaginalis reference and clinical isolates. | we have determined the metronidazole susceptibility status of 20 trichomonas vaginalis isolates from american type culture collection (atcc) and assessed the level of genetic relatedness in these isolates using 32 additional t. vaginalis clinical isolates for comparison. these atcc isolates are commonly used as reference strains in t. vaginalis research and this information provides a rational basis for selection of reference strains for use in comparative studies of t. vaginalis phenotypic and ... | 2010 | 21118935 |
| abnormal vaginal flora in low-risk pregnant women cared for by a public health service: prevalence and association with symptoms and findings from gynecological exams. | this study identifies the prevalence of vaginal flora alterations in low-risk pregnant women and their association with reported symptoms and gynecological exams. this quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in public primary care service units in botucatu, sp, brazil from 2006 to 2008 with 289 pregnant women from a stratified sample obtained by sampling by care unit. tests of vaginal content were performed using gram's method and testing for trichomonas vaginalis using di ... | 2010 | 21120411 |
| metronidazole 1.5 gram dose for 7 or 14 days in the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis caused by trichomonas vaginalis: a randomized study. | | 2010 | 21123162 |
| design and synthesis of 3-(azol-1-yl)phenylpropanes as microbicidal spermicides for prophylactic contraception. | we designed a series of 25 3-(azol-1-yl)phenylpropanes which yielded 10 compounds (3, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, 21, 23, 26) that irreversibly immobilized 100% human sperm at 1% (w/v) concentration in 60s; 12 compounds (8, 9, 15, 16, 19-21, 23-25, 27, 28) that showed potent microbicidal activity at 12.5-50 μg/ml against trichomonas vaginalis; and 17 compounds (3-11, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30) that exhibited potent anticandida activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 12.5-50 μg/ml. ... | 2010 | 21130651 |
| [influence of iron ion on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro]. | to study the influence of iron ion on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | 2010 | 21137312 |
| potential role of protozoa and tight junctions in the airway epithelium disruption. | | 2010 | 21159133 |
| ultrastructural alterations induced by δ(24(25))-sterol methyltransferase inhibitors on trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is an important human parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a cosmopolitan sexually transmitted disease. currently, the treatment of choice for t. vaginalis infections is metronidazole. the increase in metronidazole-resistant parasites and undesirable side effects of this drug make the search for alternative chemotherapeutic approaches a priority for the management of trichomoniasis. here, the antiproliferative and ultrastructural effects of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors ag ... | 2010 | 21175744 |
| anti-protozoal activity of diamine derivatives. | ten n-monoalkylated diamines were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activities against trichomonas vaginalis and giardia lamblia. several compounds displayed a good inhibition of parasite growth, with mic less or equal to 20μg/ml. n-hexadecil-1,4-butanediamine was found to be the most active compound in vitro against t. vaginalis with mic of 2.5μg/ml, twice more active in comparison to the reference drug metronidazole (mtz). seven of the studied compounds showed a better anti-g. lamblia act ... | 2010 | 21186095 |
| incidence and epidemiology of streptococcus pseudoporcinus in the genital tract. | streptococcus pseudoporcinus, a beta-hemolytic microorganism first isolated from the female gastrourinary tract in 2006, cross-reacts with serogrouping kits for group b streptococcus (gbs) and could be misidentified in the laboratory. the epidemiologic characteristics of this species have not been reported previously, but this organism is thought to be rare. paired vaginal and rectal samples were collected from 663 nonpregnant women enrolled in a phase ii clinical vaccine trial of a gbs type iii ... | 2010 | 21191057 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) mapping of single copy genes on trichomonas vaginalis chromosomes. | the highly repetitive nature of the trichomonas vaginalis genome and massive expansion of various gene families has caused difficulties in genome assembly and has hampered genome mapping. here, we adapted fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) for t. vaginalis, which is sensitive enough to detect single copy genes on metaphase chromosomes. sensitivity of conventional fish, which did not allow single copy gene detection in t. vaginalis, was increased by means of tyramide signal amplification. ... | 2010 | 21195113 |
| association between sexually transmitted diseases and young adults' self-reported abstinence. | self-reported behavior has been the cornerstone of sexual health research and clinical practice, yet advances in sexually transmitted disease (std) screening provide researchers with the opportunity to objectively quantify sexual risk behaviors. however, the extent to which young adults' laboratory-confirmed std results and self-reported sexual behaviors are consistent has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample. | 2011 | 21199852 |
| changing sexually transmitted infection screening protocol will result in improved case finding for trichomonas vaginalis among high-risk female populations. | : trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted infection, which is largely underestimated because of ineffective screening protocols and lack of public health attention. | 2011 | 21217417 |
| involvement of the gp63 protease in infection of trichomonas vaginalis. | there are 48 members of the gp63 protease family in trichomonas vaginalis according to our annotations; 37 of them are predicted to be transmembrane proteins. because the gp63 protease family is the largest surface protease family and the second largest surface protein family, they are most likely to be involved in the interactions between t. vaginalis and the host cell surfaces, or otherwise participate in infection. we performed a preliminary study on the functions of gp63 in t. vaginalis (tvg ... | 2011 | 21221643 |
| novel core promoter elements and a cognate transcription factor in the divergent unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. | a highly conserved dna initiator (inr) element has been the only core promoter element described in the divergent unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis, although genome analyses reveal that only ∼75% of protein-coding genes appear to contain an inr. in search of another core promoter element(s), a nonredundant database containing 5' untranslated regions of expressed t. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented dna motifs and known eukaryotic core promoter elements. in addition to id ... | 2011 | 21245378 |
| comparison of aptima trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification assay and bd affirm vpiii for detection of t. vaginalis in symptomatic women: performance parameters and epidemiological implications. | trichomonas vaginalis is an underestimated sexually transmitted infection (sti) associated with numerous clinical sequelae. the true prevalence and clinical impact of trichomoniasis are unknown, as current methods of detection exhibit poor sensitivity compared to molecular amplification methods. limited data exist comparing the bd affirm vpiii hybridization assay to the gen-probe aptima t. vaginalis (atv) transcription-mediated amplification (tma) assay for detection of t. vaginalis. in this stu ... | 2011 | 21248097 |
| the influence of bacterial vaginosis on the response to trichomonas vaginalis treatment among hiv-infected women. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is common in hiv+ women, and host factors may play a role in tv treatment outcomes. the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) on the response to tv treatment among hiv+ women. | 2011 | 21278401 |
| demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of men with nongonococcal urethritis differ by etiology: a case-comparison study. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is common, yet up to 50% of cases have no defined etiology. the extent to which risk profiles and clinical presentations of pathogen-associated and idiopathic cases differ is largely unknown. | 2011 | 21285914 |
| re-evaluating the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: emphasizing emerging pathogens--a randomized clinical trial. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is a common chlamydia-associated syndrome in men; however, trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium are associated with its etiology and should be considered in approaches to therapy. we sought to determine whether the addition of tinidazole, an anti-trichomonal agent, to the treatment regimen would result in higher cure rates than those achieved with treatment with doxycycline or azithromycin alone. a secondary aim was to compare the efficacy of doxycycline ... | 2011 | 21288838 |
| current concepts of treating vaginitis. | vaginitis can be a frustrating entity to treat, since the incidence of recurrence is high. this paper examines evidence from the literature concerning diagnosis and treatment of candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis, corynebacterium vaginale, herpes simplex type 2 and gonorrhea. a protocol based on these readings is outlined. | 1977 | 21304797 |
| non-sexual transmission of trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent girls attending school in ndola, zambia. | to identify risk factors for trichomoniasis among young women in ndola, zambia. | 2011 | 21305023 |
| relationship between infectious agents for vulvovaginitis and skin color. | many factors influence occurrences of vulvovaginitis. the aims here were to assess skin color and age-related differences in the vaginal flora and occurrences of vulvovaginitis. | 2010 | 21308158 |
| screening and bioguided fractionation of amaryllidaceae species with anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity. | the amaryllidaceae family is known by its ornamental and medicinal value and has attracted considerable attention due to the content of alkaloids of its species, which showed interesting biological properties. the present study evaluated the anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of eighteen extracts (12.5 to 0.19 mg/ml) and six isolated alkaloids (125 to 1.9 µg/ml) from amaryllidaceae species. the alkaloids diminished the trophozoites viability (from 15 to 40 %). the extracts from hippeastrum brev ... | 2011 | 21308614 |
| lycorine induces cell death in the amitochondriate parasite, trichomonas vaginalis, via an alternative non-apoptotic death pathway. | in this study, the mechanism of action of the pro-apoptotic alkaloid lycorine on an amitochondriate cell, the parasite trichomonas vaginalis, was investigated. the cytotoxicity of lycorine against t. vaginalis was studied from 2.5 to 1000µm and several important ultrastructural alterations were observed by electron microscopy. lycorine arrested the t. vaginalis cell cycle, although no hallmarks of apoptosis, such as apoptotic bodies, were observed. consequently, the underlying mechanism of actio ... | 2011 | 21324496 |
| antimicrobial topical agents used in the vagina. | vaginally applied antimicrobial agents are widely used in the vagina in women with lower genital tract infections. an 'antimicrobial' is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. topical treatments can be prescribed for a wide variety of vaginal infections. many bacterial infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis or, as some european authors call it, aerobic vaginitis as well as infection wi ... | 2011 | 21325838 |
| clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis concurrently infected by strains of up to four trichomonasvirus species (family totiviridae). | trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide, is itself commonly infected by nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses from the genus trichomonasvirus, family totiviridae. to date, cdna sequences of one or more strains of each of three trichomonasvirus species have been reported, and gel electrophoresis showing several different dsrna molecules obtained from a few t. vaginalis isolates has suggested that more than one virus strain mig ... | 2011 | 21345965 |
| fermentation enzymes of giardia intestinalis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase, do not localize to its mitosomes. | it is becoming increasingly clear that the so-called remnant organelles of microaerophilic unicellular eukaryotes, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, are significantly reduced versions of mitochondria. they normally lack most of the classic mitochondrial attributes, such as an electron transport chain and a genome. while hydrogenosomes generate energy by substrate-level phosphorylation along a hydrogen-producing fermentation pathway, involving iron-sulfur-cluster-containing enzymes pyruvate : ferredo ... | 2011 | 21349979 |
| comparison of affirm vpiii and papanicolaou tests in the detection of infectious vaginitis. | to compare the affirm vpiii molecular test (becton dickinson, burlington, nc) with morphologic identification used in routine papanicolaou (pap) test screening in the detection and identification of candida species, trichomonas vaginalis, and gardnerella vaginalis, we identified 431 cases with a concomitant pap test and affirm vpiii assay performed from the archives of a large academic institution. the study population consisted of women ranging in age from 17 to 79 years (mean and median ages, ... | 2011 | 21350100 |
| [cryopreservation of trichomonas vaginalis and its influence factors]. | different concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and glycerol, various densities of trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites and duration of storage were used to study the effects on the cryopreservation of t. vaginalis at -78 degrees c. the optimal densities of trichomonads for cryopreservation were (1-2) x10(6)/ml. glycerol and dmso showed a high protective effect, with a maximum effect at a concentration of 10%, and the survival rates were 38.0% and 31.7%, respectively. there was no significant ... | 2010 | 21351558 |
| a systematic identification of kolobok superfamily transposons in trichomonas vaginalis and sequence analysis on related transposases. | transposons are sequence elements widely distributed among genomes of all three kingdoms of life, providing genomic changes and playing significant roles in genome evolution. trichomonas vaginalis is an excellent model system for transposon study since its genome (~160 mb) has been sequenced and is composed of ~65% transposons and other repetitive elements. in this study, we primarily report the identification of kolobok-type transposons (termed tvbac) in t. vaginalis and the results of transpos ... | 2011 | 21356525 |
| clinical trial report: duration of metronidazole therapy in hiv-infected women with trichomonas vaginalis: is more metronidazole better? | | 2011 | 21365373 |
| expedited partner treatment for sexually transmitted infections: an update. | to date, seven randomized trials have evaluated the efficacy of expedited partner treatment (ept). these trials have included heterosexual men and women and examine ept for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoea, and trichomonas vaginalis. these studies demonstrated either superiority for percentage of partners being treated, for a reduction in repeat infections, or cost benefit for ept compared to the standard partner referral method and reported no adverse events. in the united states, al ... | 2011 | 21365383 |
| sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in manado, indonesia, using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based reverse line blot assay. | sexually transmissible infections (stis) remain highly prevalent, and hiv is increasing, among female sex workers (fsws) in indonesia. our aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, stis among fsws in manado, indonesia. | 2011 | 21371382 |
| prevalence over time and risk factors for sexually transmissible infections among newly-arrived female sex workers in timika, indonesia. | hiv rates are escalating in indonesia. at timika in papua, the world's largest gold mine employs many single and migrant men, who frequently have sex with female sex workers (fsws). we investigated trends of sexually transmissible infections (stis) in fsws in timika. | 2011 | 21371383 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in a low prevalence setting. | trichomonas vaginalis has become rare in australian cities but remains endemic in some remote regions. we describe the prevalence and associations of infection among women attending an urban australian sexual health clinic. | 2011 | 21371384 |
| use of the internet and self-collected samples as a sexually transmissible infection intervention in rural illinois communities. | in the usa, reported cases of chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) continue to rise despite substantial funding for screening. national gonorrhoea (neisseria gonorrhoeae) rates have remained relatively stable, with clusters associated with metropolitan areas. rural areas are no exception, as every county in illinois reported cases of chlamydia in 2007. morbidity associated with infection remains a public health concern, with costs of $us2.5+ billion annually. novel screening interventions must be e ... | 2011 | 21371388 |
| differences between african-american adolescent females with and without human papillomavirus infection. | an important policy question is whether high-risk populations can be identified and prioritised for human papillomavirus (hpv) immunisation. | 2011 | 21371396 |
| correlates of hiv-1 genital shedding in tanzanian women. | understanding the correlates of hiv shedding is important to inform strategies to reduce hiv infectiousness. we examined correlates of genital hiv-1 rna in women who were seropositive for both herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 and hiv-1 and who were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of hsv suppressive therapy (aciclovir 400 mg b.i.d vs. placebo) in tanzania. | 2011 | 21390251 |
| direct simultaneous detection of 6 sexually transmitted pathogens from clinical specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and auto-capillary electrophoresis. | the availability of a reliable and user-friendly method to identify pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is essential to reduce the complications and spread of infection. in this study, genital/urinary specimens from 113 patients with stds were simultaneously tested for 6 pathogens using the automated seeplex-« (seegene, seoul, korea) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based std6b auto-capillary electrophoresis (ace) system. the results were compared with conventional re ... | 2011 | 21392925 |
| histamine and tnf-alpha release by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis. | mast cells have been reported to be predominant in the vaginal smears of patients infected with t. vaginalis. in this study, we investigated whether t. vaginalis could induce mast cells to migrate and to produce tnf-alpha and histamine. rat peritoneal mast cells (rpmc), a primary mast cell, were used for the study. t. vaginalis induced an increase in chemotactic migration of the mast cells toward excretory and secretory product (esp) of t. vaginalis, and the mast cells activated with t. vaginali ... | 2011 | 21395205 |
| light microscopic observation on phagocytosis of candida spp. blastospores by trichomonas vaginalis in a patient with anal canal carcinoma. | | 2011 | 21395883 |
| synthesis of benzologues of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide: a comparative study of their in vitro broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activity. | we have synthesized two new benzologues of nitazoxanide (nit) and tizoxanide (tiz), using a short synthetic route. both compounds were tested in vitro against six protozoa (giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, plasmodium berghei, leishmania mexicana and trypanosoma cruzi). compound 1 (benzologue of nit) showed broad antiprotozoal effect against all parasites tested, showing ic(50)'s<5 ++m. this compound was five-times more active than nit, and 18-times more potent ... | 2011 | 21397502 |
| [procedure for trichomonas vaginalis cultivation]. | the investigation was undertaken to design a nutrient medium that could reduce the duration of a culture test in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis and to comparatively evaluate its effectiveness. a procedure was proposed to cultivate trichomonas vaginalis, which was based on the use of the nutrient medium containing casein hydrolysate, yeast autolysate, and serum, added by 0.6 ml of liquid ferrum lec (iron (iii) hydroxide polyisomaltose), which reduced the time taken to identify trichomonas vagina ... | 2010 | 21400718 |
| the prevalence of urogenital micro-organisms detected by a multiplex pcr-reverse line blot assay in women attending three sexual health clinics in sydney, australia. | this study used a previously described multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) assay to assess the prevalence and distribution of 14 urogenital pathogens or putative pathogens, namely neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, ureaplasma parvum, ureaplasma urealyticum, neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human adenoviru ... | 2011 | 21415210 |
| a randomized treatment trial: single versus 7 day dose of metronidazole for the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis among hiv-infected women. | objective: to determine if the metronidazole (mtz) 2 gm single dose (recommended) is as effective as the 7 day 500 mg bid dose (alternative) for treatment of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) among hiv+ women. methods: phase iv randomized clinical trial; hiv+ women with culture confirmed tv were randomized to treatment arm: mtz 2 gm single dose or mtz 500 mg bid 7 day dose. all women were given 2 gm mtz doses to deliver to their sex partners. women were re-cultured for tv at a test-of-cure (toc) visit ... | 2010 | 21423852 |
| current and future perspectives on the chemotherapy of the parasitic protozoa trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica. | trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica are clinically important protozoa that affect humans. t. vaginalis produces sexually transmitted infections and e. histolytica is the causative agent of amebic dysentery. metronidazole, a compound first used to treat t. vaginalis in 1959, is still the main drug used worldwide to treat these pathogens. it is essential to find new biochemical differences in these organisms that could be exploited to develop new antiprotozoal chemotherapeutics. recent ... | 2009 | 21426030 |
| trichomoniasis: evaluation to execution. | trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease, caused by a motile flagellate non-invasive parasitic protozoan, trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis). more than 160 million people worldwide are annually infected by this protozoan. t. vaginalis occupies an extracellular niche in the complex human genito-urinary environment (vagina, cervix, penis, prostate gland, and urethra) to survive, multiply and evade host defenses. t. vaginalis (strain g3) has a ~160 megabase genome with 60,00 ... | 2011 | 21440359 |
| hiv-infected women of burkina faso: a "reservoir" of mycoplasma infection. | the objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and genital mycoplasma colonization in 251 hiv-positive compared to 200 hiv-negative women at the maternal and child health (mch) service of saint camille medical center ouagadougou (burkina faso). | 2011 | 21444986 |
| identification of antigenic proteins in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. to study the virulence factors of this pathogen, t. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of t. vaginalis. the t. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cdna derived from mrna of t. vaginalis into a phage ? uni-zap xr vector, and then used for immunoscreeni ... | 2011 | 21461274 |
| detection of nanobacteria in patients with chronic prostatitis and vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | we aimed to investigate the detection of nanobacteria (nb) from expressed prostatic secretions (eps) in patients with category iii chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) and from vaginal swabs in patients with vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and to evaluate the association between nb and neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycoplasma genitalium ... | 2011 | 21461284 |
| prediction and analysis of paralogous proteins in trichomonas vaginalis genome. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, second most sexually transmitted disease. the genome sequence draft of t. vaginalis was published by the institute of genomic research reveals an abnormally large genome size of 160 mb. it was speculated that a significant portion of the proteome contains paralogous proteins. the present study was aimed at identification and analysis of the paralogous proteins. the all against all search approach is used to identify the paralogous proteins. the datase ... | 2011 | 21464842 |
| kinetic characterization and gene expression of adenosine deaminase in intact trophozoites of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite that resides in the human urogenital tract and causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease. nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase), which hydrolyzes extracellular di- and triphosphate nucleotides, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, which hydrolyzes amp, have been characterized in t. vaginalis. the aim of this study was to characterize the adenosine deaminase (ada) activity in intact trophozoites of t. vaginalis. a strong ... | 2011 | 21477257 |
| composition, and antimicrobial and remarkable antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil of rhizomes of aframomum sceptrum k. schum. (zingiberaceae). | the essential oil from the rhizomes of aframomum sceptrum (zingiberaceae) was analyzed by gc/ms, and its major constituents were found to be β-pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). the oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of melaleuca alternifolia (myrtaceae). the a. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the gram-positive bacteria bacillus subtilis, ... | 2011 | 21480511 |
| [in vitro anti-trichomonas vaginalis effects of a mixture of dihydroartemisinin and metronidazole]. | to observe the effect of a mixture of dihydroartemisinin and metronidazole on ultrastructure of trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites in vitro for exploring trichomonacidal mechanism of the drug mixture. | 2010 | 21500527 |
| [mge-pcr in analyzing the genetic characteristics and the clinical manifestation of trichomonas vaginalis isolates]. | to analyze the genetic characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis isolates causing different clinical manifestation. | 2010 | 21500530 |
| gene expression in the unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. | control of gene expression is essential to the survival of an organism. here, we review the current state of gene expression research in trichomonas vaginalis, with particular attention to the progress made since the release of the genome of this unicellular parasite in 2007. the availability of genome data has allowed the study of an array of biological processes, including the role of small nuclear rnas involved in the splicing of introns, the components of transcriptional complexes and the pr ... | 2011 | 21511031 |
| severity of bacterial vaginosis and the risk of sexually transmitted infection. | objective: the purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between bacterial vaginosis (bv) and incident sexually transmitted infection (sti) varies with more extreme bv scores. study design: we analyzed the data from 535 women who were enrolled in a randomized trial to promote dual method contraceptive use. incident sti was defined as any case of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, or pelvic inflammatory disease. bv was defined by gram stain ( ... | 2011 | 21514555 |
| trichomonas vaginalis among multiethnic female uk students. | | 2011 | 21561888 |
| interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy. | vaginitis due to trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications. | 2011 | 21563127 |
| hiv, sti prevalence and risk behaviours among women selling sex in lahore, pakistan. | abstract: background: more than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (stis) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant stis increases the likelihood of hiv transmission. the first national study of stis conducted in pakistan in 2004 revealed a high burden of stis among women selling sex. the hiv epidemic in pakistan has thus far followed the "asian epidemic model". earlier studies among women selli ... | 2011 | 21569319 |
| effects of periodic presumptive treatment on three bacterial sexually transmissible infections and hiv among female sex workers in port moresby, papua new guinea. | background sexually transmissible infections (sti) are common in female sex workers (fsw). aim: to determine if 3-monthly periodic presumptive treatments (ppt) would reduce the prevalence of sti in fsw. methods: in a cohort study conducted between november 2003 and september 2004, fsw were enrolled, counselled and interviewed. informed consent was obtained. testing by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), ... | 2011 | 21592437 |
| pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and thioredoxin reductase are involved in 5-nitroimidazole activation while flavin metabolism is linked to 5-nitroimidazole resistance in giardia lamblia. | objectives the mechanism of action of, and resistance to, metronidazole in the anaerobic (or micro-aerotolerant) protozoan parasite giardia lamblia has long been associated with the reduction of ferredoxin (fd) by the enzyme pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor) and the subsequent activation of metronidazole by fd to toxic radical species. resistance to metronidazole has been associated with down-regulation of pfor and fd. the aim of this study was to determine whether the pfor/fd couple is ... | 2011 | 21602576 |
| comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (comsia) of some benzimidazole derivatives with trichomonicidal activity. | trichomonosis is a common sexually transmitted infectious disease linked to reproductive health complications. recently, the benzimidazole nucleus has emerged as a promising scaffold to develop new trichomonicidal agents. despite the fact that large amounts of experimental data have been accumulated over the past eight years, no quantitative studies have yet been reported on this class of compounds. in our effort to develop new antiparasitic benzimidazole derivatives, we report in this paper com ... | 2011 | 21621311 |
| medical microbiology | this chapter discusses human protozoan parasites belonging to seven different
genera—- giardia, trichomonas, dientamoeba, chilomastix,
balantidium, isospora, and cryptosporidium. giardia,
trichomonas, chilomastix and dientamoeba are
classified as flagellates; balantidium coli is a ciliate, and
isospora and cryptosporidium are coccidians.
all are intestinal parasites that are transmitte ... | 1996 | 21413275 |
| medical microbiology | genitourinary infections fall into two main categories: (1) primary infections due to
sexually transmitted pathogenic microorganisms and (2) infections due to members of
the resident flora. genital infections are uncommon in children and increase
dramatically in sexually active adults, in whom sexually transmitted diseases are
the second most prevalent group of reportable communicable illness in north america.
sexual ... | 1996 | 21413302 |
| effect of mirazid (commiphora molmol) on experimental giardiasis. | mirazid -a purified oleo-resin extract derived from myrrh- with previously proved trematocidal activity, has been recently reported to be also effective against protozoa like trichomonas vaginalis and cryptosporidium in humans. this experimental study aimed at investigating the possible therapeutic effect of mirazid on experimental giardia lamblia infection in albino rats, using tinidazole as a therapeutic control. results proved the efficacy of mirazid, as indicated by a 100% reduction in paras ... | 2011 | 21634251 |
| the presence of dsrna virus in trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic indian women and its correlation with in vitro metronidazole sensitivity. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the infection encompasses from a complete asymptomatic presentation to severe sequelae; yet, the virulence markers have been poorly understood. it is suggested that the presence of trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) in t. vaginalis may have an impact on its virulence, and its relatedness to in vitro metronidazole resistance has been reported. the aim ... | 2011 | 21654110 |
| mechanistic studies on the enzymatic processing of fluorinated methionine analogues by trichomonas vaginalis methionine γ-lyase. | tfm (l-trifluoromethionine), a potential prodrug, was reported to be toxic towards human pathogens that express mgl (l-methionine γ-lyase; ec 4.4.1.11), a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme that converts l-methionine into α-oxobutyrate, ammonia and methyl mercaptan. it has been hypothesized that the extremely reactive thiocarbonyl difluoride is produced when the enzyme acts upon tfm, resulting in cellular toxicity. the potential application of the fluorinated thiomethyl group in other areas o ... | 2011 | 21658005 |
| high detection rate of trichomonas vaginalis in benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue. | while trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite, is a well-investigated pathogen in the female population, there is little awareness of its significance in the male uro-genital tract. the presence of t. vaginalis in the prostate gland has only been scarcely investigated and has never been attested in conditions other than clinical prostatitis. still, by some authors, this organ is regarded as ecologic niche for t. vaginalis. since normal prostate tissue of sufficient quality is hard to come by ... | 2011 | 21660495 |
| [development and use of test systems for the evaluation of sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalisto preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups]. | development of test system for the evaluation of sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups. | 2011 | 21809648 |
| putrescine is required for the expression of eif-5a in trichomonas vaginalis. | recently, we found that trichomonas vaginalis contains a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (tveif-5a) with unknown function in this parasite. eif-5a is the only cellular protein dependent of polyamines to form a hypusine residue, an unusual basic amino acid that is post-translationally formed by modification of a single specific lysine residue in an eif-5a precursor protein. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a putrescine analogue, 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (dab), on ... | 2011 | 21801756 |
| evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay stdfinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. | we evaluated a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr), "stdfinder assay", a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) assay for the simultaneous detection of 7 clinically relevant pathogens of stds, i.e., neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). an internal amplification control was included in the mpcr reaction. the limits of detection for t ... | 2011 | 21798683 |
| finding cases of trichomonas vaginalis infection in england. | we describe the use of a new molecular assay for trichomonas vaginalis (tv), the gen-probe aptima tv (atv) in female attendees at community clinics, a genitourinary (gu) medicine clinic and a prison gu medicine service. positivity rates at community clinics and gu medicine were 0/382 (0%) and 3/358 (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [ci] 0-1.7%), respectively. positivity was significantly higher, 29/269 (10.8%, 95% ci 7.1-14.5%), odds ratio (or) 14.3 (4.11 < or < 59.55), in those tested at the priso ... | 2011 | 21795421 |
| the minimal kinome of giardia lamblia illuminates early kinase evolution and unique parasite biology. | abstract: background: the major human intestinal pathogen, giardia lamblia is a very early-branching eukaryote with a minimal genome of broad evolutionary and biological interest. results: to explore early kinase evolution and regulation of giardia biology, we cataloged the kinomes of three sequenced strains. comparison with published kinomes and those of the excavates trichomonas vaginalis and leishmania major shows that giardia's 80 core kinases constitute the smallest known core kinome of any ... | 2011 | 21787419 |
| development of a pigtail macaque model of sexually transmitted infection/hiv coinfection using chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and shiv(sf162p3). | background sexually transmitted infections (stis) are associated with an increased risk of hiv infection. to model the interaction between stis and hiv infection, we evaluated the capacity of the pigtail macaque model to sustain triple infection with trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, and shiv(sf162p3) . methods seven shiv(sf162p3) -infected pigtail macaques were inoculated with t. vaginalis only (n = 2), c. trachomatis only (n = 1), both t. vaginalis and c. trachomatis (n = 2), or ... | 2011 | 21781129 |
| endometrial leukocyte subpopulations associated with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infection. | objective: the objective of the study was to characterize endometrial inflammation associated with common genital tract pathogens. study design: the design of the study was the immunohistochemical characterization of the endometrial leukocyte subpopulations from 37 controls and 45 women infected with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, or trichomonas vaginalis. results: compared with uninfected women, endocervical infection with c trachomatis, n gonorrhoeae, or t vaginalis was associat ... | 2011 | 21777898 |
| identification and characterization of the immunogenic cytotoxic tvcp39 proteinase gene of trichomonas vaginalis. | tvcp39 is a 39kda cysteine proteinase (cp) involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity that has been found in vaginal secretions and is immunogenic in patients with trichomonosis. the goal of this work was to identify, clone, express, and characterize the tvcp39 gene. the tvcp39 gene was identified using a proteomic approach, and the complete gene was amplified using pcr, cloned, and sequenced. tvcp39 is encoded by a 915-bp cathepsin l-like cp gene. a fragment corresponding to the mature regi ... | 2011 | 21777690 |
| [comparing the occurrence of trichomonas vaginalis infections today to ten years ago among women prostitutes and gynecology and obstetrics patients]. | objective: trichomonas vaginalis is is a monoxenous parasite which lives in human urogenital systems and causes sex transmitted disease through human sexual contact. disease frequency has been seen at different rates in different communities or in the same community depending on people's sociocultural status. previously we made a study for determining prevalence of t. vaginalis infection in woman living in istanbul. we made this present study for determining any difference in prevalence in compa ... | 2011 | 21776589 |
| molecular basis of the recognition of the ap65-1 gene transcription promoter elements by a myb protein from the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | iron-inducible transcription of the ap65-1 gene in trichomonas vaginalis involves at least three myb-like transcriptional factors (tvmyb1, tvmyb2 and tvmyb3) that differentially bind to two closely spaced promoter sites, mre-1/mre-2r and mre-2f. here, we defined a fragment of tvmyb2 comprising residues 40-156 (tvmyb2(40-156)) as the minimum structural unit that retains near full binding affinity with the promoter dnas. like c-myb in vertebrates, the dna-free tvmyb2(40-156) has a flexible and ope ... | 2011 | 21771861 |
| comparative drug susceptibility study of five clonal strains of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | to produce comparative data on a group of trichomonas vaginalis clonal strains with varied drug responses using identical methods and materials. | 2011 | 21771415 |
| rare case of trichomonal peritonitis. | to the editor: trichomonads are flagellated protozoa with several species capable of infecting or colonizing humans. the most common, trichomonas vaginalis, causes genitourinary infection in adults and, rarely, respiratory infections in premature neonates of infected mothers. pentatrichomonas hominis has been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, and trichomonas tenax, a human oropharynx commensal, has caused empyema in immunocompomised persons. rare cases of human peritonitis caused b ... | 2011 | 21762600 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic adolescent females presenting to a pediatric emergency department. | academic emergency medicine 2011; 18:763-766 © 2011 by the society for academic emergency medicine abstract: objectives: adolescent females are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (stis). although trichomonas vaginalis (tv) has been declared the most common nonviral sti, tv testing is not routinely conducted in the emergency department (ed), and when it is performed, insensitive testing methods are often used. therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence o ... | 2011 | 21762238 |
| atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: bethesda classification and association with human papillomavirus. | introduction. to analyze patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) through a cytology review and the presence of microbiological agents, with consideration of colposcopy and semiannual tracking. methods. 103 women with ascus were reviewed and reclassified: normal/inflammatory, ascus, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil), or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil). if ascus confirmed, it was subclassified in reactive or neoplastic ascus, asc- ... | 2011 | 21760701 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infestation in women. | | 1943 | 21773361 |
| genital chlamydia, genital herpes, trichomonas vaginalis and gonorrhea prevalence, and risk factors among nearly 70,000 randomly selected women in 4 nordic countries. | background:: the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of women reporting ever having genital chlamydia, genital herpes, trichomonas vaginalis, and gonorrhea, and to identify factors associated with each of these sexually transmitted infections (stis). methods:: the study was based on a large cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004-2005 among randomly sampled women (18-45 years) from the computerized population registries in denmark, iceland, norway, and sweden. a total of 69,567 women ... | 2011 | 21844702 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infestation. | | 1940 | 21773298 |
| involvement of purinergic signaling on nitric oxide production by neutrophils stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite from the human urogenital tract that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the neutrophil infiltration has been considered to be primarily responsible for cytological changes observed at infection site, and the chemoattractants can play an important role in this leukocytic recruitment. nitric oxide (no) is one of the most widespread mediator compounds, and it is implicated in modulation of immunological mechanisms. ex ... | 2011 | 21833696 |
| novel trichomonacidal spermicides. | metronidazole, the u.s. food and drug administration-approved drug against trichomoniasis, is nonspermicidal and thus cannot offer pregnancy protection when used vaginally. furthermore, increasing resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to 5-nitro-imidazoles is a cause for serious concern. on the other hand, the vaginal spermicide nonoxynol-9 (n-9) does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases and hiv in clinical situations but may in fact increase their incidence due to its nonspecific, su ... | 2011 | 21709091 |
| phylogeny of parasitic parabasalia and free-living relatives inferred from conventional markers vs. rpb1, a single-copy gene. | parabasalia are single-celled eukaryotes (protists) that are mainly comprised of endosymbionts of termites and wood roaches, intestinal commensals, human or veterinary parasites, and free-living species. phylogenetic comparisons of parabasalids are typically based upon morphological characters and 18s ribosomal rna gene sequence data (rdna), while biochemical or molecular studies of parabasalids are limited to a few axenically cultivable parasites. these previous analyses and other studies based ... | 2011 | 21695260 |
| trichomonas vaginalis as a rare cause of male factor infertility at a hospital in east anatolia. | trichomonas vaginalis is known as an important cause of sexually transmitted infection in developing countries. the prevalence and spectrum of trichomonasis in men are less characterised. we analysed the presence of t.-ávaginalis in 80 infertile men using wet mount microscopy, giemsa staining, culture and pcr methods. we found 2.5% positivity for t.-ávaginalis using pcr method. wet mount microscopy was ineffective. giemsa staining and culture tests were positive only in one patient. both of our ... | 2011 | 21729126 |
| leukotriene b(4) receptor blt-mediated phosphorylation of nf-+¦b and creb is involved in il-8 production in human mast cells induced by trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes acute tissue inflammation in vaginal trichomoniasis. in this study, we investigated the signaling mechanisms through which t. vaginalis-derived secretory products (tvsp) induce chemokine il-8 production in human mast cells. stimulation with tvsp induced up-regulation of il-8 protein secretion in hmc-1 cells. in addition, tvsp induced phosphorylation of transcription factors nf-+¦b and creb in hmc-1 cells. pretreatment of tvsp with lipase, ... | 2011 | 21824526 |
| male accessory gland infection and sperm parameters (review). | male accessory gland infection (magi) has been identified among those diagnostic categories which have a negative impact on the reproductive function and fertility in males (rowe et-áal., world health organization manual for the standardised investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple, cambridge university press, cambridge, 1993). magi is a hypernym which groups the following different clinical categories: prostatitis, prostate-vesiculitis and prostate-vesiculo-epididymitis. some of the ... | 2011 | 21696400 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infestation in male subjects. | | 1940 | 21773294 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection in women who submit self-obtained vaginal samples after internet recruitment. | : submission of self-obtained vaginal samples (sovs) collected at home could remove barriers that women face in getting tested for sexually transmitted infections (stis). internet recruitment of sovs is highly acceptable. | 2011 | 21844738 |
| activity of cuban propolis extracts on leishmania amazonensis and trichomonas vaginalis. | in this paper we analyzed the antiprotozoal effects of eighteen cuban propolis extracts (brown, red and yellow type) collected in different geographic areas, using leishmania amazonensis (as a model of intracellular protozoa) and trichomonas vaginalis (as a model of extracellular protozoa). all evaluated propolis extracts caused inhibitory effect on intracellular amastigotes of l. amazonensis. however, cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages from balb/c mice was observed. only five samples decrea ... | 2011 | 21834236 |
| bacterial vaginosis and risk for trichomonas vaginalis infection: a longitudinal analysis. | : bacterial vaginosis (bv) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) have been estimated to affect one-quarter to one-third of sexually active women worldwide, and are often found concurrently. few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally to better understand the direction and temporality of this association. | 2011 | 21844747 |
| A preliminary investigation of microsatellite-based genotyping in Trichomonas vaginalis. | The genetic epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis is poorly understood at present. The recent release of the organism's genome sequence opens the way to investigation of polymorphic markers allowing strain identification. We here report a preliminary analysis of microsatellite loci in T. vaginalis and show that this approach holds promise for future studies of infection transmission and organism diversity. | 2011 | 21700304 |
| alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductases in trichomonas vaginalis: artifact of histochemical staining. | trichomonas vaginalis has been reported to possess alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductases (kors). these enzymes preferentially used indolepyruvate in a reaction that resembled that of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfo). however, the kors did not reduce ferredoxin and remained active in metronidazole-resistant trichomonads lacking pfo. therefore, it was proposed that the kors may help trichomonads to survive in the presence of metronidazole. the kors were identified using activity staining ... | 2012 | 21963439 |
| the n-glycans of trichomonas vaginalis contain variable core and antennal modifications. | trichomonad species are widespread unicellular flagellated parasites of vertebrates which interact with their hosts through carbohydrate-lectin interactions. in the past, some data have been accumulated regarding their lipo(phospho)glycans, a major glycoconjugate on their cell surfaces; on the other hand, other than biosynthetic aspects, few details about their n-linked oligosaccharides are known. in this study, we present both mass spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatography data a ... | 2011 | 21983210 |