| two-step scheme for rapid identification and differentiation of legionella pneumophila and non-legionella pneumophila species. | a rapid two-step scheme based on pcr amplification and enzymatic digestion analysis of a 226-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene was developed to identify the legionella genus by pcr amplification and to differentiate the legionella pneumophila and non-legionella pneumophila species by enzymatic digestion analysis. among 42 atcc strains (16 strains of l. pneumophila and 26 strains of non-l. pneumophila) and 200 legionella isolates from environmental water samples, including pools, rivers, lakes, an ... | 2010 | 20007397 |
| two-step scheme for rapid identification and differentiation of legionella pneumophila and non-legionella pneumophila species. | a rapid two-step scheme based on pcr amplification and enzymatic digestion analysis of a 226-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene was developed to identify the legionella genus by pcr amplification and to differentiate the legionella pneumophila and non-legionella pneumophila species by enzymatic digestion analysis. among 42 atcc strains (16 strains of l. pneumophila and 26 strains of non-l. pneumophila) and 200 legionella isolates from environmental water samples, including pools, rivers, lakes, an ... | 2010 | 20007397 |
| resistance development profiling of piperacillin in combination with the novel {beta}-lactamase inhibitor bli-489. | to evaluate development of resistance to the piperacillin/bli-489 combination. | 2010 | 20008048 |
| terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is required for an optimal response to the polysaccharide alpha-1,3 dextran. | an understanding of ab responses to polysaccharides associated with pathogenic microorganisms is of importance for improving vaccine design, especially in neonates that respond poorly to these types of ags. in this study, we have investigated the role of the lymphoid-specific enzyme tdt in generating b cell clones responsive to alpha-1,3 dextran (dex). tdt is a dna polymerase that plays a major role in generating diversity of lymphocyte agrs during v(d)j recombination. in this study, we show tha ... | 2010 | 20018621 |
| terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is required for an optimal response to the polysaccharide alpha-1,3 dextran. | an understanding of ab responses to polysaccharides associated with pathogenic microorganisms is of importance for improving vaccine design, especially in neonates that respond poorly to these types of ags. in this study, we have investigated the role of the lymphoid-specific enzyme tdt in generating b cell clones responsive to alpha-1,3 dextran (dex). tdt is a dna polymerase that plays a major role in generating diversity of lymphocyte agrs during v(d)j recombination. in this study, we show tha ... | 2010 | 20018621 |
| combined ramr mutation and presence of a tn1721-associated tet(a) variant in a clinical isolate of salmonella enterica serovar hadar resistant to tigecycline. | a salmonella enterica serovar hadar strain resistant to tigecycline (mic, 16 microg/ml) was isolated. molecular characterization revealed the presence of a plasmid-borne tet(a) variant associated with tn1721 mediating a rise of the mic for tigecycline when transferred to escherichia coli. additionally, a truncating mutation in ramr was detected. transformation with wild-type ramr but not with the mutated ramr lowered the mic for tigecycline. characterization of this salmonella isolate implicates ... | 2010 | 20028818 |
| combined ramr mutation and presence of a tn1721-associated tet(a) variant in a clinical isolate of salmonella enterica serovar hadar resistant to tigecycline. | a salmonella enterica serovar hadar strain resistant to tigecycline (mic, 16 microg/ml) was isolated. molecular characterization revealed the presence of a plasmid-borne tet(a) variant associated with tn1721 mediating a rise of the mic for tigecycline when transferred to escherichia coli. additionally, a truncating mutation in ramr was detected. transformation with wild-type ramr but not with the mutated ramr lowered the mic for tigecycline. characterization of this salmonella isolate implicates ... | 2010 | 20028818 |
| high prevalence of mutators among enterobacter cloacae nosocomial isolates and their association with antimicrobial resistance and repetitive detection. | we determined the mutation frequencies of 59 nosocomial isolates of enterobacter cloacae, and investigated their association with antimicrobial susceptibility, genotype, and history of exposure to antimicrobials. the frequencies of mutations leading to rifampicin resistance ranged from 5.8 × 10(-9) to 8.0 × 10(-6) (median, 5.0 × 10(-8)). seven of the 59 (12%) isolates were graded as strong mutators exhibiting a more than 50-fold increase in the mutation frequency relative to that of e. cloacae a ... | 2010 | 20041896 |
| life threatening complication during treatment of erysipelas due to undiagnosed ischemia of the calf. | erysipelas is a superficial skin infection due to streptococci strains, which usually responds well to conservative treatment. coexisting undiagnosed ischemia of the extremity may lead to severe complications. 57-year-old man developed large, circumflex ulceration of his right calf within two weeks before the admission after three-month treatment of erysipelas. computer angiography showed chronic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery and the above knee popliteal artery. rapid debridement o ... | 2009 | 20052407 |
| acute cholecystitis caused by nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 inaba. | a rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by serogroup o1 vibrio cholerae in an 83-year-old man is presented. his risk factors for cholecystitis included advanced age and previous abdominal surgeries. the patient had consumed raw oysters several days before presentation. the patient had a poor outcome after admission for this infection, likely due to his underlying illnesses that complicated his hospital course. | 2010 | 20053858 |
| high-throughput identification of bacteria and yeast by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in conventional medical microbiology laboratories. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. first, we evaluated maldi-tof ms using 327 clinical isolates previously cultured from patient materials and identified by conventional techniques (vitek-ii, api, and biochemical tests). discre ... | 2010 | 20053859 |
| [study of effect of thermolabile enterotoxin of enterobacter cloacae on expression of cytokine genes in mice]. | to study the role of production of several cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils in experiment. | 2009 | 20063795 |
| comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin (tg-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, and other quinolones against clinical isolates. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of nemonoxacin (tg-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, against 770 clinical isolates were investigated. nemonoxacin (tested as its malate salt, tg-875649) showed better in vitro activity than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against different species of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and haemophilus influenzae. the in vitro activity of tg-875649 was also comparable to or better than that of moxifloxacin against thes ... | 2010 | 20065058 |
| comparison of the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of patients with enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia: a prospective observation study. | we compared the characteristics and outcomes of 172 enterobacter cloacae bacteremia and 67 enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia (eab) cases. antimicrobial resistance rates to e. cloacae were higher than those to e. aerogenes. however, eab more frequently presented as septic shock and was associated with poorer outcomes. | 2010 | 20071128 |
| direct ertapenem disk screening method for identification of kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in surveillance swab specimens. | klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc) production in gram-negative bacilli is an increasing problem worldwide. rectal swab surveillance is recommended as a component of infection prevention programs, yet few screening methods are published. we compared detection of kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in surveillance specimens by 2 methods: (i) inoculation of swabs in tryptic soy broth containing 2 microg/ml imipenem followed by plating to macconkey agar (mac) (method 1) a ... | 2010 | 20071553 |
| evolution in quantum leaps: multiple combinatorial transfers of hpi and other genetic modules in enterobacteriaceae. | horizontal gene transfer is a key step in the evolution of enterobacteriaceae. by acquiring virulence determinants of foreign origin, commensals can evolve into pathogens. in enterobacteriaceae, horizontal transfer of these virulence determinants is largely dependent on transfer by plasmids, phages, genomic islands (gis) and genomic modules (gms). the high pathogenicity island (hpi) is a gi encoding virulence genes that can be transferred between different enterobacteriaceae. we investigated the ... | 2010 | 20084283 |
| [investigation of antibacterial activity of sertralin]. | sertralin is a psychotropic drug which acts by inhibiting the selective serotonin re-uptake in the synaptic area. previous studies have shown that some antidepressant agents have antibacterial activity. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of sertralin. a total of 224 bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens together with standard control strains were included to the study. the antibacterial activity of sertralin was determined by microdilution m ... | 2009 | 20084919 |
| antineoplastic agents. 573. isolation and structure of papilistatin from the papilionid butterfly byasa polyeuctes termessa. | bioassay-guided separation of an extract of the wings from a taiwan butterfly, byasa polyeuctes termessa, allowed isolation of a new cancer cell growth inhibitor designated papilistatin (1a). the structure was determined by analysis of 1d and 2d nmr spectra and by hrms. against a panel of six human and the murine p388 leukemia cancer cell lines, papilistatin exhibited cancer cell growth inhibition with gi(50)'s of 0.093-3.5 microg/ml. papilistatin was also found to have antibacterial activity. | 2010 | 20085286 |
| spread of oxa-48-encoding plasmid in turkey and beyond. | eighteen carbapenem-resistant, oxa-48-positive enterobacterial isolates recovered from turkey, lebanon, egypt, france, and belgium were analyzed. in most isolates, similar 70-kb plasmids carrying the carbapenemase gene bla(oxa-48) were identified. that gene was located within either transposon tn1999 or transposon tn1999.2, which was always inserted within the same gene. this work highlights the current plasmid-mediated dissemination of the oxa-48 carbapenemase worldwide. | 2010 | 20086157 |
| spread of plasmids containing the bla(vim-1) and bla(ctx-m) genes and the qnr determinant in enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca isolates. | we describe 12 vim-1-producing strains (7 enterobacter cloacae, 2 klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 clonal klebsiella oxytoca strains) detected among clinically relevant enterobacteriaceae isolates from routine cultures at the hospital del mar (barcelona, spain) from december 2006 to may 2007. | 2010 | 20089541 |
| microbiological study of pathogenic bacteria isolated from paediatric wound infections following the 2008 wenchuan earthquake. | on 12 may 2008, the wenchuan earthquake struck in sichuan, china. within 1 month after the earthquake, 98 injured children were admitted to the children's hospital of chongqing medical university. according to clinical manifestations, 50 children were diagnosed with wound infections. wound secretions were cultured for bacteria. pathogen distribution and drug resistance were analyzed. a total of 99 pathogens were isolated; 16 (16%) were gram-positive bacteria and 81 (82%) were gram-negative bacte ... | 2010 | 20095936 |
| [effect of enterobacter cloacae thermolabile enterotoxin on immune system of mice]. | to study the effect of enterobactercloacae thermolabile enterotoxin (lt-enterotoxin) on different arms of immune system of mice. | 2009 | 20099397 |
| diel cycling of dna staining and nifh gene regulation in the unicellular cyanobacterium crocosphaera watsonii strain wh 8501 (cyanophyta). | crocosphaera watsonii wh 8501 is a marine unicellular cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen primarily during the dark phase of a light-dark (ld) cycle. circadian clocks modulate gene transcription and cellular activity in many, if not all, cyanobacteria. a model for circadian control has been proposed in cyanobacteria, called the oscilloid model, which is based on topological changes of nucleoid dna which in turn regulates gene transcription. in this study, the marine unicellular diazotrophic cyano ... | 2010 | 20105217 |
| aminoglycoside resistance and susceptibility testing errors in acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. | antimicrobial resistance is depleting the pharmacopeia of agents clinically useful against gram-negative bacilli. as the number of active agents diminishes, accurate susceptibility testing becomes critical. we studied the susceptibilities of 107 isolates of the acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin using disk diffusion, etest, as well as the phoenix, vitek 2, and microscan automated systems, and compared the results to those obtained by broth micro ... | 2010 | 20107089 |
| characterization of slackia exigua isolated from human wound infections, including abscesses of intestinal origin. | eleven clinical strains isolated from infected wound specimens were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene showed that all 11 strains were phylogenetically related to slackia exigua. additionally, conventional and biochemical tests of 6 of the 11 strains were performed as supplementary methods to obtain phenotypic identification by comparison with the phenotypes of the relevant type strains. s. exigua has been considered an oral bacterial species in th ... | 2010 | 20107092 |
| antimicrobial resistance induced by genetic changes. | decoding the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics is essential in fighting a phenomenon, which is amplifying everyday due to the uncontrolled excessive and many times unjustified use of anti-microbial substances. at present it has become a matter of public health, together with the resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to tuberculostatic or the spreading of the aids virus which not only affects the european countries but the entire globe. this paper presents the genic mutations taking plac ... | 2009 | 20108530 |
| [microbiologic study on the pathogens isolated from wound culture among orthopaedic patients after wenchuan earthquake]. | to observe the bacterial characteristic of orthopedic open wounds injured in wenchuan earthquake and their drug-resistant pattern for reasonable application of antibiotics. | 2009 | 20112572 |
| [diversity of associated nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the pioneer plants-vetiver zizanioides]. | vetiver zizanioides is a perennial grass of the poaceae family, known of its silage, soil and water conservation role. the aim of the study was to collect and identify the resources of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with vetiver zizanioides. | 2009 | 20112669 |
| risk factors and outcomes of fungal ventricular-assist device infections. | infection is a common complication of ventricular-assist devices (vads) and is associated with rehospitalization, thromboembolic events, vad malfunction, delay in heart transplantation, and a high mortality rate. the objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency of fungal vad infections and assess various risk factors and their effects on mortality as compared with bacterial vad infections. | 2010 | 20113174 |
| bacteremia complicating gram-negative urinary tract infections: a population-based study. | urinary tract infection (uti) is common and bacteremia complicating this infection is frequently seen. there has been limited data published that characterize bacteremic uti in a population-based setting over an extended period. we therefore examined the incidence rate, microbiology, outcome, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance trends of bacteremic uti due to gram-negative bacilli in olmsted county, minnesota, from 1/1/1998 to 12/31/2007. | 2010 | 20114061 |
| colistin administration to pediatric and neonatal patients. | emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative nosocomial pathogens has led to resurgence of colistin use. safety and efficacy data regarding colistin use in pediatric patients are sparse, while optimal dosage has not been defined. we present a case series of neonates and children without cystic fibrosis treated with various doses of colistin intravenously. the records of patients who received colistin in a tertiary-care hospital from january 2007 to march 2009 were reviewed. thirteen patients ( ... | 2010 | 20119725 |
| [enterobacter cloacae--antimicrobial susceptibility of strains isolated from hospitalized patients in 2004-2005]. | the profiles of resistance of esbl(-) and esbl(+) strains of enterobacter cloacae were analysed and compared. 466 enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from different specimens obtained from patients of big warsaw hospital in 2004-2005 were investigated. by using the several phenotypic methods 33.5% of strains was identified as esbl(+). esbl(+) strains were significantly less susceptible then esbl(-). these two groups differed mostly in susceptibility to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, e.g ... | 2009 | 20120924 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of tru-1, the endogenous class c beta-lactamase from aeromonas enteropelogenes. | aeromonas enteropelogenes (formerly a. tructi) was described to be an ampicillin-susceptible and cephalothin-resistant aeromonas species, which suggests the production of a cephalosporinase. strain atcc 49803 was susceptible to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem but resistant to cefazolin (mics of 2, 0.032, 0.125, and >256 microg/ml, respectively) and produced an inducible beta-lactamase. cefotaxime-resistant mutants (mic, 32 microg/ml) that showed constitutive beta-lactamase production could ... | 2010 | 20124004 |
| regioselective carboxylation of catechol by 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase of enterobacter cloacae p. | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase in enterobacter cloacae p241 was induced by adding 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid or 4-acetamidobenzoic acid to the culture medium. after stabilizing the enzyme activity by adding 5 mm dithiothreitol and 20 mm na(2)s(2)o(3) to a cell-free extract, catechol at 50 mm was carboxylated in the presence of 3 m khco(3) to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a molar conversion ratio of 28% after 14 h at 30 degrees c. | 2010 | 20131080 |
| histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine produced in vitro by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae isolated from spinach. | a total of 364 bacterial isolates, obtained from spinach leaves, were assayed in a decarboxylase broth containing histidine, lysine, and ornithine to check their ability to produce biogenic amines, and then quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. among these isolates, 240 formed cadaverine, 208 formed putrescine, and 196 formed histamine, in widely varying amounts. they frequently produced more than one biogenic amine. klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae and morganella morganii ... | 2010 | 20132689 |
| antibiotic-releasing porous polymethylmethacrylate constructs for osseous space maintenance and infection control. | the use of a strategy involving space maintenance as the initial step of a two-stage regenerative medicine approach toward reconstructing significant bony or composite tissue defects in the craniofacial area, preserves the void volume of bony defects and could promote soft tissue healing prior to the subsequent definitive repair. one of the complications with a biomaterial-based space maintenance approach is local infection, which requires early, effective eradication, ideally through local anti ... | 2010 | 20153893 |
| influencing factors in the occurrence of injured coliforms in the drinking water distribution system in the city of la plata, argentina. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the influencing factors in the occurrence of coliforms in the drinking water in la plata (argentina) from june 1999 to june 2001. a total of 180 samples were collected from rio de la plata (102 samples) and puelche aquifer (78 samples); 45 samples were collected for each of the four seasons. the membrane filter procedure was used for isolating bacteria, and each sample was tested for chlorine and ph. the highest percentage of samples positive for colif ... | 2010 | 20154384 |
| empiric combination antibiotic therapy is associated with improved outcome against sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria: a retrospective analysis. | the optimal approach for empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock remains controversial. a retrospective cohort study was conducted in the intensive care units of a university hospital. the data from 760 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock associated with gram-negative bacteremia was analyzed. among this cohort, 238 (31.3%) patients received inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy (iiat). the hospital mortality rate was statistically greater among ... | 2010 | 20160050 |
| efflux pumps are involved in the defense of gram-negative bacteria against the natural products isobavachalcone and diospyrone. | the activities of two naturally occurring compounds, isobavachalcone and diospyrone, against documented strains and multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacterial isolates were evaluated. the results indicated that the two compounds exhibited intrinsic antibacterial activity against several gram-negative bacteria, and their activities were significantly improved in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor (mic values decreased to below 10 microg/ml). in addition, the activities of isobavachal ... | 2010 | 20160051 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (mimosaceae). | ethyl acetate (ea) extract of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (cg) was analysed phytochemically and evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against 17 pathogenic species isolated from patient: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, salmonella typhi, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus feacalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2006 | 20162076 |
| improved diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection by multiplex pcr of sonication fluid from removed implants. | the microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (pji) is crucial for successful antimicrobial treatment. cultures have limited sensitivity, especially in patients receiving antibiotics. we evaluated the value of multiplex pcr for detection of microbial dna in sonication fluid from removed orthopedic prostheses. cases of pji in which the prosthesis (or part of it) was removed were prospectively included. the removed implant was sonicated, and the resulting sonication fluid was cul ... | 2010 | 20164283 |
| daptomycin for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis native-valve endocarditis: a case report. | coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) have been increasing in importance as a cause of native valve endocarditis (nve). most cases of nve caused by cons are attributable to staphylococcus epidermidis. nve caused by cons acquired in a nosocomial setting may differ from cases acquired in the community in several ways. it may be associated with hemodialysis, the presence of a long-term indwelling central catheter or pacemaker, or a recent invasive procedure; nosocomial cases may have a higher rat ... | 2010 | 20167084 |
| shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation. | shewanella halifaxensis and shewanella sediminis were among a few aquatic gamma-proteobacteria that were psychrophiles and the first anaerobic bacteria that degraded hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx). although many mesophilic or psychrophilic strains of shewanella and gamma-proteobacteria were sequenced for their genomes, the genomic evolution pathways for temperature adaptation were poorly understood. on the other hand, the genes responsible for anaerobic rdx mineralization pathways ... | 2010 | 20174598 |
| diarrhea-associated biofilm formed by enteroaggregative escherichia coli and aggregative citrobacter freundii: a consortium mediated by putative f pili. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) are enteropathogenic strains identified by the aggregative adhesion (aa) pattern that share the capability to form biofilms. citrobacter freundii is classically considered as an indigenous intestinal species that is sporadically associated with diarrhea. | 2010 | 20175929 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of jnj-q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. | jnj-q2, a novel fluorinated 4-quinolone, was evaluated for its antibacterial potency by broth and agar microdilution mic methods in studies focused on skin and respiratory tract pathogens, including strains exhibiting contemporary fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypes. against a set of 118 recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, including fluoroquinolone-resistant variants bearing multiple dna topoisomerase target mutations, an mic(90) value for jnj-q2 of 0.12 microg/ml was determi ... | 2010 | 20176911 |
| microbiological and physical quality changes in vacuum loader cups associated with the use of various sanitizing compounds. | studies were conducted to determine the effects of various sanitizing compounds on the microbial and physical quality of shell egg processing vacuum loader cups. the sanitizing compounds used were as follows: sterile, distilled water; 200 microl/l of sodium hypochlorite; 200 microl/l of calcium hypochlorite; and 200 microl/l of peracetic acid. in the microbial inoculation study, cups were inoculated with enterobacter cloacae because it was the most common isolate from a commercial study examinin ... | 2010 | 20181875 |
| sepsis-related mortality of very low birth weight brazilian infants: the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the aim of this study is to identify risk factors for sepsis-related mortality in low birth weight (<1500 g) infants. we performed retrospective cohort study to investigate risk factors for sepsis-related mortality in all neonates birth weight <1500 g admitted to level iii neonatal intensive care unit, brazil, april 2001/september 2004. of the 203 cases, 71 (35%) had sepsis. of those, gram-positive was identified in 52/87 blood cultures (59.8%), the most common coagulase-negative staphylococcus ... | 2010 | 20182631 |
| sepsis-related mortality of very low birth weight brazilian infants: the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the aim of this study is to identify risk factors for sepsis-related mortality in low birth weight (<1500 g) infants. we performed retrospective cohort study to investigate risk factors for sepsis-related mortality in all neonates birth weight <1500 g admitted to level iii neonatal intensive care unit, brazil, april 2001/september 2004. of the 203 cases, 71 (35%) had sepsis. of those, gram-positive was identified in 52/87 blood cultures (59.8%), the most common coagulase-negative staphylococcus ... | 2010 | 20182631 |
| a high-throughput colorimetric-based bioassay method for determination of fosmidomycin in plasma and urine and application for pharmacokinetic study. | fosmidomycin is a phosphonic acid derivative originally isolated as a natural antibiotic from streptomyces lavendulae. it was originally used as an antibiotic, and later on as an antimalarial drug. a simple, sensitive, selective and reproducible bioassay based on colorimetric method was developed for the determination of fosmidomycin in human plasma and urine. | 2010 | 20188200 |
| emergence of acrab-mediated tigecycline resistance in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae during ciprofloxacin treatment. | tigecycline resistance remains rare amongst enterobacteriaceae in the uk, as elsewhere, but has been associated with upregulation of the acrab efflux system. using isolates of an enterobacter cloacae strain that developed tigecycline resistance in vivo during ciprofloxacin therapy as well as laboratory-selected mutants, we investigated the role of this pump and the global regulator rama in tigecycline resistance. laboratory mutants were selected from a susceptible clinical isolate in vitro by ex ... | 2010 | 20189357 |
| antimicrobial resistance, class 1 integrons, and genomic island 1 in salmonella isolates from vietnam. | the objective was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance and the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants from salmonella isolates from humans and animals in vietnam. | 2010 | 20195474 |
| [susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae rods to selected tetracyclines]. | the aim of this study was to evaluated the susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae rods to tigecycline, tetracycline and doxycycline. we analysed 121 strains belonged to species as follows: escherichia coli (40 strains), proteus mirabilis (22), enterobacter cloacae (19), klebsiellapneumoniae (18), morganella morgannii (13), serratia marcescens (4), klebsiella oxytoca (3) i proteus vulgaris (2). all strains of e. coli, k. oxytoca, s. marcescens and p. vulgaris were susceptible to tigecycline. twenty ... | 2009 | 20201321 |
| [cefepim in empiric therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia]. | the most common infection following surgical treatment, when mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation are used, is ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) induced by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. its treatment is difficult due to increasingly high antimicrobial drug resistance observed recently. | 2009 | 20201347 |
| rapid differentiation of francisella species and subspecies by fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting the 23s rrna. | francisella (f.) tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. due to its low infectious dose, ease of dissemination and high case fatality rate, f. tularensis was the subject in diverse biological weapons programs and is among the top six agents with high potential if misused in bioterrorism. microbiological diagnosis is cumbersome and time-consuming. methods for the direct detection of the pathogen (immunofluorescence, pcr) have been developed but are restricted to reference laboratories. | 2010 | 20205957 |
| unusual conformation of the sxn motif in the crystal structure of penicillin-binding protein a from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | pbpa from mycobacterium tuberculosis is a class b-like penicillin-binding protein (pbp) that is not essential for cell growth in m. tuberculosis, but is important for proper cell division in mycobacterium smegmatis. we have determined the crystal structure of pbpa at 2.05 a resolution, the first published structure of a pbp from this important pathogen. compared to other pbps, pbpa has a relatively small n-terminal domain, and conservation of a cluster of charged residues within this domain sugg ... | 2010 | 20206184 |
| complete genome sequence of enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae type strain atcc 13047. | enterobacter cloacae is an important nosocomial pathogen. here, we report the completion of the genome sequence of e. cloacae atcc 13047, the type strain of e. cloacae subsp. cloacae. multiple sets of virulence determinant and heavy-metal resistance genes have been found in the genome. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first complete genome sequence of the e. cloacae species. | 2010 | 20207761 |
| phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries in fusion to beta-lactamase as reporter for an accelerated clone screening: potential uses of selected enzyme-linked affinity reagents in downstream applications. | phage-display selection of combinatorial libraries is a powerful technique for identifying binding ligands against desired targets. evaluation of target binding capacity of multiple clones recovered from phage display selection to a specific target is laborious, time-consuming, and a rate-limiting step. we constructed phage-display combinatorial peptide libraries in fusion with a beta-lactamase enzyme, which acts as a reporter. linear dodecapeptide and cysteine-constrained decapeptide libraries ... | 2010 | 20214576 |
| cancer cell-specific internalizing ligands from phage displayed beta-lactamase-peptide fusion libraries. | the present study was focused on identifying cancer cell-specific internalizing ligands using a new kind of phage display library in which the linear or cysteine-constrained random peptides were at amino-terminus fusion to catalytically active p99 beta-lactamase molecules. the size and quality of libraries were comparable to other reported phage display systems. several cancer cell-specific binding and internalizing beta-lactamase-peptide fusion ligands were isolated by selecting these libraries ... | 2010 | 20219829 |
| performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ... | 2010 | 20220166 |
| genome sequence of cronobacter sakazakii baa-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other cronobacter species. | the genus cronobacter (formerly called enterobacter sakazakii) is composed of five species; c. sakazakii, c. malonaticus, c. turicensis, c. muytjensii, and c. dublinensis. the genus includes opportunistic human pathogens, and the first three species have been associated with neonatal infections. the most severe diseases are caused in neonates and include fatal necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis. the genetic basis of the diversity within the genus is unknown, and few virulence traits have b ... | 2010 | 20221447 |
| murine model of hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. i: phenotypic characterization with development of a histopathologic grading system. | the aim of the study was to characterize enterocolitis in the ednrb-null (ednrb-/-) mouse with aganglionosis of the colon and to develop and validate a semiquantitative histopathologic grading system to assess enterocolitis. | 2010 | 20223308 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline against patient isolates collected during phase 3 clinical trials for diabetic foot infections. | the in vitro activity of tigecycline and comparative antimicrobial agents was evaluated against 1828 primary baseline pathogens isolated from 844 patients enrolled in the phase 3 clinical trials investigating the efficacy of tigecycline in diabetic foot infection (dfi). the trials were global, enrolling patients in 30 countries. tigecycline was active against the most prevalent pathogens in dfi, including gram-positive and gram-negative isolates of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with 95% of ... | 2010 | 20226331 |
| mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among a collection of enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in a texas city. | fourteen enterobacteriaceae isolates with ertapenem mic >2 mg/ml were analyzed to identify mechanisms of resistance. all isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase or ampc beta-lactamase with variable, but decreased, expression of outer membrane proteins. one enterobacter cloacae produced derepressed ampc beta-lactamase, 1 escherichia coli expressed plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, and 1 e. cloacae produced a carbapenemase. | 2010 | 20226336 |
| decreased quinolone susceptibility in high percentage of enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates caused only by qnr determinants. | the prevalence of qnr genes was similar in the ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible enterobacter cloacae isolates, and no amino acid change in quinolone resistance-determining regions was found in any of the 21 qnr-positive but ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains. qnr may thus be present before the development of higher-level resistance from target mutations. | 2010 | 20227223 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria causing septicemia in newborns in león, nicaragua: correlation with environmental samples. | the aim of this study was to identify the bacteria causing neonatal septicemia in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) in león, nicaragua and its relation with bacteria isolated from the environment at the nicu. our data showed that 74% (34/46) of the bacteria related to newborns with septicemia were gram-negative and highly resistant to beta-lactams (>85%) and aminoglycosides (80%), leading to treatment failure in 10 neonates with fatal outcome. although, the prevalence of gram-positive bacter ... | 2010 | 20227989 |
| toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in cardiac dysfunction during polymicrobial sepsis. | to determine the role of toll-like receptor 2 in cardiac dysfunction during polymicrobial sepsis. | 2010 | 20228680 |
| carbapenem-resistant kpc-2-producing escherichia coli in a tel aviv medical center, 2005 to 2008. | all of the carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli (crec) isolates identified in our hospital from 2005 to 2008 (n = 10) were studied. crec isolates were multidrug resistant, all carried bla(kpc-2), and six of them were also extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated six genetic clones; within the same clone, similar transferable bla(kpc-2)-containing plasmids were found whereas plasmids differed between clones. tn4401 elements were identified in all of ... | 2010 | 20231393 |
| comparison of the efficacy of rose bengal and erythrosin in photodynamic therapy against enterobacteriaceae. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the photosensitizers rose bengal and erythrosin combined with a light-emitting diode (led) on enterobacteriaceae. twelve enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from the oral cavities of patients undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, including three escherichia coli, three enterobacter cloacae, three klebsiella oxytoca and three klebsiella pneumoniae, were studied. an enterobacteriaceae suspension (10(6) cells/ml) was prepared from each clinica ... | 2010 | 20232222 |
| design, synthesis, and pharmacological investigation of iodined salicylimines, new prototypes of antimicrobial drug candidates. | a series of 3,5-diiodo-salicylalidene schiff bases (compounds 1-35) has been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. the compounds were assayed for antibacterial activities by the mtt method. some of the compounds inhibit the growth of a broad range of bacteria including the species of bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and enterobacter cloacae. among them, compounds 2-[(4-chloro-phenylimino)methyl]-4,6-diiodo-ph ... | 2010 | 20232369 |
| novel depsides as potential anti-inflammatory agents with potent inhibitory activity against escherichia coli-induced interleukin-8 production. | sixteen novel depsides were synthesized for the first time. their chemical structures were clearly determined by (1)h nmr, esi mass spectra, and elemental analyses. all the compounds were assayed for antibacterial activities against three gram-positive bacterial strains (bacillus subtilis atcc 6633, staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, and streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790) and three gram-negative bacterial strains (escherichia coli atcc 35218, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 13525, and enterobacter cloa ... | 2010 | 20235754 |
| development and evaluation of oligonucleotide chip based on the 16s-23s rrna gene spacer region for detection of pathogenic microorganisms associated with sepsis. | oligonucleotide chips targeting the bacterial internal transcribed spacer region (its) of the 16s-23s rrna gene, which contains genus- and species-specific regions, were developed and evaluated. forty-three sequences were designed consisting of 1 universal, 3 gram stain-specific, 9 genus-specific, and 30 species-specific probes. the specificity of the probes was confirmed using bacterial type strains including 54 of 52 species belonging to 18 genera. the performance of the probes was evaluated u ... | 2010 | 20237100 |
| clinical characteristics of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit in eastern china. | a retrospective cohort study on nosocomial infections (ni) in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) was performed in the children's hospital of zhejiang university, hangzhou district, china. the most common infection site was pneumonia and bloodstream infection. low admission age, long nicu stay, and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors for ni. klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, followed by acinetobacter baumannii, staphylococcus epidermidi, pseudomonas aerugin ... | 2010 | 20297900 |
| comparative in vitro activity of meropenem, imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam against 1071 clinical isolates using 2 different methods: a french multicentre study. | meropenem is a carbapenem that has an excellent activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria. the major objective of the present study was to assess the in vitro activity of meropenem compared to imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam, against 1071 non-repetitive isolates collected from patients with bacteremia (55%), pneumonia (29%), peritonitis (12%) and wound infections (3%), in 15 french hospitals in 2006. the secondary aim of the study was ... | 2010 | 20298555 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamase detection in gram-negative bacilli of nosocomial origin. | resistance to third generation cephalosporins by acquisition and expression of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) enzymes among gram-negative bacilli is on a rise. the presence of esbl producing organisms significantly affects the course and outcome of an infection and poses a challenge to infection management worldwide. | 2009 | 20300397 |
| multidrug resistant yeasts in synanthropic wild birds. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug resistant yeasts in the faeces of synanthropic wild birds from the bangsar suburb of kuala lumpur. | 2010 | 20307325 |
| identification and characterization of beta-lactamase inhibitor protein-ii (blip-ii) interactions with beta-lactamases using phage display. | protein-protein interactions are critical to cellular processes yet the ability to predict and rationally design interactions is limited because of incomplete knowledge of the principles governing these interactions. the beta-lactamase inhibitory protein (blip)/beta-lactamase interaction has become a model system to investigate protein-protein interactions and has been the focus of several structural, thermodynamic and binding specificity studies. blip-ii also inhibits beta-lactamase but has no ... | 2010 | 20308189 |
| in vitro properties of bal30072, a novel siderophore sulfactam with activity against multiresistant gram-negative bacilli. | bal30072 is a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the sulfactams. its spectrum of activity against significant gram-negative pathogens with beta-lactam-resistant phenotypes was evaluated and was compared with the activities of reference drugs, including aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. bal30072 showed potent activity against multidrug-resistant (mdr) pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter sp. isolates, including many carbapenem- ... | 2010 | 20308379 |
| characterization of dim-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the netherlands. | a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas stutzeri strain isolated from a dutch patient was analyzed in detail. this isolate produced a metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) whose gene, with 43.5% gc content, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. beta-lactamase dim-1 (for dutch imipenemase) was weakly related to other ambler class b beta-lactamases, sharing <52% amino acid identity with the most closely related mbl, gim-1, and 45% identity with imp-type mbls. the beta-lactamase dim-1 significantly hydro ... | 2010 | 20308383 |
| maggot excretions inhibit biofilm formation on biomaterials. | biofilm-associated infections in trauma surgery are difficult to treat with conventional therapies. therefore, it is important to develop new treatment modalities. maggots in captured bags, which are permeable for larval excretions/secretions, aid in healing severe, infected wounds, suspect for biofilm formation. therefore we presumed maggot excretions/secretions would reduce biofilm formation. | 2010 | 20309656 |
| metallo-β-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008. | the emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern. producers have been repeatedly isolated from patients and long-term care facility (ltcf) residents around bolzano, and we sought to assess their prevalence and clinical impact. all routine enterobacteriaceae isolates from a bolzano tertiary-care hospital and associated long-term care facilities in 2008 (n = 5500) were screened for mbls, with case details reviewed for the source patients. i ... | 2011 | 20345467 |
| an imbalance in mucosal cytokine profile causes transient intestinal inflammation following an animal's first exposure to faecal bacteria and antigens. | intestinal microflora play a critical role in the initiation and perpetuation of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. in genetically susceptible hosts, bacterial colonization results in rapid-onset chronic intestinal inflammation. nevertheless, the intestinal and systemic immune response to faecal bacteria and antigen exposure into a sterile intestinal lumen of a post-weaned animal with a mature immune system are not understood clearly. this study examined the effects of faecal bacteria and anti ... | 2010 | 20345974 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae in mobile dialysis units in the medical and surgical departments of a university hospital: a case-control study. | the objective of this case-control study was to investigate the source of contamination and risk factors for colonisation and infection during an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacter cloacae in the university medical center freiburg. a risk factor analysis was performed on 23 patients with esbl-producing e. cloacae in the medical and surgical departments by comparing them with 46 non-colonised controls, who were matched for ward and length of hospital stay. ... | 2010 | 20347508 |
| evaluation of etest to determine tigecycline mics for enterobacter species. | | 2010 | 20350941 |
| ramr mutations in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline. | five klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline (mic, 2 microg/ml) were analyzed. a gene homologous to ramr of salmonella enterica was identified in klebsiella pneumoniae. sequencing of ramr in the nonsusceptible klebsiella strains revealed deletions, insertions, and point mutations. transformation of mutants with wild-type ramr genes, but not with mutant ramr genes, restored susceptibility to tigecycline and repressed overexpression of rama and acrb. thus, this st ... | 2010 | 20350947 |
| infections after living donor liver transplantation in children. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the infectious complications after living donor liver transplantation (ldlt) in children. we enrolled 95 children (38 boys and 57 girls) who underwent ldlt from 1994 to 2004. the median age was 22 months (range, 6 months to 15 yr). we retrospectively investigated the proven episodes of bacterial, viral, and fungal infection. there occurred 150 infections in 67 (70%) of 95 patients (1.49 infections/patient); 74 in 43 patients were bacterial, 2 in 2 were funga ... | 2010 | 20357992 |
| beta-d-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae: production and some physicochemical properties. | a bacterial strain isolated from soil and identified as enterobacter cloacae had been found to be capable of producing both intra and extracellular beta-d: -galactosidase.the intracellular enzyme was thermostable and its optimum temperature, ph and time for enzyme-substrate reaction were found to be 50 degrees c, 9.0 and 5 min respectively, using onpg as substrate. the maximum beta-galactosidase production in shake flask was achieved at 30 degrees c, ph 7.0, incubation time 72 h using 50 ml medi ... | 2010 | 20358408 |
| indigenous opportunistic bacteria inhabit mammalian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and share a mucosal antibody-mediated symbiosis. | the indigenous bacteria create natural cohabitation niches together with mucosal abs in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract. here we report that opportunistic bacteria, largely alcaligenes species, specifically inhabit host peyer's patches (pps) and isolated lymphoid follicles, with the associated preferential induction of antigen-specific mucosal iga abs in the gi tract. alcaligenes were identified as the dominant bacteria on the interior of pps from naïve, specific-pathogen-free but not from germ- ... | 2010 | 20360558 |
| electrical control of cell polarization in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | electric signals surround tissues and cells and have been proposed to participate in directing cell polarity in processes such as development, wound healing, and host invasion [1, 2]. the application of exogenous electric fields (efs) can direct cell polarization in cell types ranging from bacteria and fungi to neurons and neutrophils [3-7]. the mechanisms by which efs modulate cell polarity, however, remain poorly understood. here we introduce the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe as a mo ... | 2010 | 20362451 |
| discovery of a gene conferring multiple-aminoglycoside resistance in escherichia coli. | bovine-origin escherichia coli isolates were tested for resistance phenotypes using a disk diffusion assay and for resistance genotypes using a dna microarray. an isolate with gentamicin and amikacin resistance but with no corresponding genes detected yielded a 1,056-bp dna sequence with the closest homologues for its inferred protein sequence among a family of 16s rrna methyltransferase enzymes. these enzymes confer high-level aminoglycoside resistance and have only recently been described in g ... | 2010 | 20368404 |
| carbapenem resistance via the blakpc-2 gene in enterobacter cloacae blood culture isolate. | an enterobacter cloacae blood culture isolate expressing carbapenem resistance via the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase kpc-2 gene is reported. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a nosocomial isolate with carbapenemase-mediated resistance causing infection in a patient from tennessee. | 2010 | 20375954 |
| recurrent gram-negative bloodstream infection: a 10-year population-based cohort study. | recurrent gram-negative bloodstream infection (bsi) has not been evaluated in a population-based setting; therefore, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to examine the incidence, recurrence, and mortality rates of gram-negative bsi. | 2010 | 20378069 |
| blocking of plasmodium transmission by cooperative action of cecropin a and defensin a in transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | to overcome burden of mosquito-borne diseases, multiple control strategies are needed. population replacement with genetically modified mosquitoes carrying antipathogen effector genes is one of the possible approaches for controlling disease transmission. however, transgenic mosquitoes with antipathogen phenotypes based on overexpression of a single type effector molecule are not efficient in interrupting pathogen transmission. here, we show that co-overexpression of two antimicrobial peptides ( ... | 2010 | 20385844 |
| ampn-ampg operon is essential for expression of l1 and l2 beta-lactamases in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | ampg is an inner membrane permease which transports products of murein sacculus degradation from the periplasm into the cytosol in gram-negative bacteria. this process is linked to induction of the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene in some members of the enterobacteriaceae and in pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this study, the ampg homologue of stenotrophomonas maltophilia kj was analyzed. the ampg homologue and its upstream ampn gene form an operon and are cotranscribed under the control of the p ... | 2010 | 20385866 |
| antibacterial activity of alpinia galanga (l) willd crude extracts. | methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts of alpinia galanga have been evaluated against pathogens viz. bacillus subtilis mtcc 2391, enterobacter aerogene, enterobacter cloacae, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli mtcc 1563, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa mtcc 6642, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus epidermis using agar well diffusion method. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of all the extracts ... | 2010 | 20387130 |
| [analysis and clinical implication of upper urinary tract stone's bacterial spectrum]. | to analyze the pathogenic bacterial's distribution and the drug resistance in the upper urinary tract stones, and to provide the information for choosing suitable antibiotics. | 2010 | 20388440 |
| the fungal product terreic acid is a covalent inhibitor of the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (mura) . | terreic acid is a metabolite with antibiotic properties produced by the fungus aspergillus terreus. we found that terreic acid is a covalent inhibitor of the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme mura from enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli in vitro. the crystal structure of the mura dead-end complex with terreic acid revealed that the quinine ring is covalently attached to the thiol group of cys115, the molecular target of the antibiotic fosfomycin. kinetic characterization established ... | 2010 | 20392080 |
| direct identification of urinary tract pathogens from urine samples by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been suggested as a reliable method for bacterial identification from cultures. direct analysis of clinical samples might increase the usefulness of this method, shortening the time for microorganism identification. we compared conventional methods for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (utis) and identification of the urinary tract pathogens (automated screening, plate cultures, and identifica ... | 2010 | 20392910 |
| synthesis of novel galactose containing chemicals by beta-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae b5. | the beta-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae b5 was employed to synthesize novel galactose containing chemicals (gccs) using mannitol, sorbose, and salicin as acceptors in the presence of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpgal) as donor. the influences of the process parameters on gcc synthesis using mannitol as an acceptor, including effects of variations in initial substrate concentration, reaction time, and temperature, were studied in detail. the mannitol derivative reached a yie ... | 2010 | 20395133 |
| structure-based insight into the asymmetric bioreduction of the c=c double bond of alpha,beta-unsaturated nitroalkenes by pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. | biocatalytic reduction of alpha- or beta-alkyl-beta-arylnitroalkenes provides a convenient and efficient method to prepare chiral substituted nitroalkanes. pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (petn reductase) from enterobacter cloacae st. pb2 catalyses the reduction of nitroolefins such as 1-nitrocyclohexene (1) with steady state and rapid reaction kinetics comparable to other old yellow enzyme homologues. furthermore, it reduces 2-aryl-1-nitropropenes (4a-d) to their equivalent (s)-nitroprop ... | 2008 | 20396603 |
| asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes by pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase: specificity and control of stereochemical outcome by reaction optimisation. | we show that pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (petnr), a member of the 'ene' reductase old yellow enzyme family, catalyses the asymmetric reduction of a variety of industrially relevant activated alpha,beta-unsaturated alkenes including enones, enals, maleimides and nitroalkenes. we have rationalised the broad substrate specificity and stereochemical outcome of these reductions by reference to molecular models of enzyme-substrate complexes based on the crystal complex of the petnr with 2-c ... | 2009 | 20396613 |