| vibrio vulnificus infection in southern brazil -- case report. | the genus vibrio is a member of the family vibrionaceae, and among their disease-causing species, vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive gram-negative bacillus, is one of the most virulent pathogen of the noncholerae vibrios. we describe the case of a 39-year-old male patient, who was using immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for liver transplantation. twelve hours later, the patient presented high fever, myalgia, anuria and erythematous plaques on lower limbs, of rapid growth and ... | 2015 | 23793212 |
| increases in the amounts of vibrio spp. in oysters upon addition of exogenous bacteria. | the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus is found naturally in brackish coastal waters but can be greatly concentrated by filter-feeding organisms such as shellfish. numerous experiments in which exogenous v. vulnificus cells are added to oysters in an attempt to measure uptake and depuration have been performed. in nearly all cases, results have shown that laboratory-grown bacteria are rapidly taken up by the oysters but ultimately eliminated, while naturally present vibrio populations in oyste ... | 2013 | 23793640 |
| transcriptome profiling analysis of vibrio vulnificus during human infection. | vibrio vulnificus is a waterborne pathogen that was responsible for an outbreak of severe soft-tissue infections among fish farmers and fish consumers in israel. several factors have been shown to be associated with virulence. however, the transcriptome profile of the pathogen during human infection has not been determined yet. we compared the transcriptome profile, using rna sequencing, of a human-pathogenic strain harvested directly from tissue of a patient suffering from severe soft-tissue in ... | 2013 | 23782800 |
| tigecycline salvage therapy for necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus: case report in a child. | necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus is rarely reported in children. we describe a 12-year-old immunocompetent boy with necrotizing fasciitis caused by v. vulnificus. he was cured by radical and serial debridement and salvage therapy with intravenous cefpirome plus tigecycline. the in vitro antibacterial activity of combination regimens and a literature review of pediatric v. vulnificus infection are described. | 2016 | 23751766 |
| rapid emergency medicine score as a main predictor of mortality in vibrio vulnificus-related patients. | vibrio vulnificus causes potentially life-threatening and rapidly progressing infections. therefore, the severity-of-illness assessment appears to be important for v vulnificus-infected patients at the time of admission. the aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the severity-of-illness scoring model on admission in v vulnificus-infected patients. | 2013 | 23702054 |
| a novel agar formulation for isolation and direct enumeration of vibrio vulnificus from oyster tissue. | a new selective and differential medium, vibrio vulnificus x-gal (vvx), was developed for direct enumeration of v. vulnificus (vv) from oyster samples. this agar utilizes cellobiose and lactose as carbon sources, and the antibiotics colistin and polymyxin b as selective agents. hydrolysis of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal), used in the agar as a lactose analog, produces an insoluble blue dye that makes lactose positive colonies easily distinguishable from any non-lac ... | 2013 | 23660708 |
| comparative analysis of induction of osmotic-stress-dependent genes in vibrio vulnificus exposed to hyper- and hypo-osmotic stress. | vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic pathogenic bacterium of marine environments, encounters changes in salinity in its natural habitat and in the food-processing environment. the comparative response of v. vulnificus to hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic stress in terms of gene expression was investigated. genes belonging to the prou operon for transport of compatible solutes and compatible solute synthesis were significantly upregulated (3- to 4.7-fold) under hyperosmotic stress. under hypoosmotic stress ... | 2013 | 23647346 |
| genome sequence of the pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus biotype 3. | we report the first genome sequence of the pathogenic vibrio vulnificus biotype 3. this draft genome sequence of the environmental strain vvyb1(bt3), isolated in israel, provides a representation of this newly emerged clonal group, which reveals higher similarity to the clinical strains of biotype 1 than to the environmental ones. | 2013 | 23599289 |
| a dual regulatory role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein in various virulence traits of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus causes fatal septicemia in susceptible subjects after the ingestion of raw seafood. in the present study, the roles of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein (crp) in v. vulnificus pathogenesis were investigated. a mutation in the v. vulnificus crp gene resulted in a significant down-regulation of various virulence phenotypes, except for rtxa1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement. bacterial growth was impeded by the crp mutation. in addition, colony morphology wa ... | 2013 | 23586631 |
| a new culture-based method for the improved identification of vibrio vulnificus from environmental samples, reducing the need for molecular confirmation. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for 95% of seafood related deaths in the us. monitoring the presence of this bacterium in estuarine waters and shellfish is of medical and economic importance due to its ability to cause severe wound infections and fulminant septicemia. current methods for isolating v. vulnificus from environmental samples typically employ an initial selective medium which requires subsequent molecular confirmation of presumptive v. vulnificus isol ... | 2013 | 23566825 |
| regulation of haemolysin (vvha) production by ferric uptake regulator (fur) in vibrio vulnificus: repression of vvha transcription by fur and proteolysis of vvha by fur-repressive exoproteases. | vvha produced by vibrio vulnificus exhibits cytolytic activity to human cells including erythrocytes. since haemolysis by vvha may provide iron for bacterial growth and pathogenicity, we investigated the expression of vvha to elucidate the regulatory roles of fur, a major transcription factor controlling iron-homeostasis. fur repressed the transcription of vvhba operon via binding to the promoter region. however, haemolysin content and haemolytic activity were lowered in cell-free supernatant of ... | 2013 | 23560801 |
| genotypic diversity and virulence characteristics of clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus isolates from the baltic sea region. | the genetic diversity of vibrio vulnificus isolates from clinical and environmental sources originating from the baltic sea region was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and possible relationships between mlst clusters, potential genotypic and phenotypic traits associated with pathogenicity, and source of isolation were investigated. the studied traits included genotyping of polymorphic loci (16s rrna, vcg, and pilf), presence/absence of potential virulence genes, including nana, na ... | 2013 | 23542621 |
| computational, structural, and kinetic evidence that vibrio vulnificus frsa is not a cofactor-independent pyruvate decarboxylase. | the fermentation-respiration switch (frsa) protein in vibrio vulnificus was recently reported to catalyze the cofactor-independent decarboxylation of pyruvate. we now report quantum mechanical/molecular mechenical calculations that examine the energetics of c-c bond cleavage for a pyruvate molecule bound within the putative active site of frsa. these calculations suggest that the barrier to c-c bond cleavage in the bound substrate is 28 kcal/mol, which is similar to that estimated for the uncata ... | 2013 | 23452154 |
| [necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus]. | | 2013 | 23433727 |
| impact of timing of surgery on outcome of vibrio vulnificus-related necrotizing fasciitis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of timing of surgery on mortality risk in patients with necrotizing fasciitis (nf) caused by vibrio vulnificus infection. | 2013 | 23414632 |
| distribution of virulence markers among vibrio vulnificus isolates of clinical and environmental origin and regional characteristics in japan. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that is widely distributed in estuarine environments and is capable of causing necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. in japan, based on epidemiological research, the incidences of v. vulnificus were concentrated in kyusyu, mainly in coastal areas of the ariake sea. to examine the virulence potential, various genotyping methods have recently been developed. this study aimed to investigate the distribution of virulence markers among v. vulnificus is ... | 2013 | 23383115 |
| presence of virulence markers in environmental vibrio vulnificus strains. | this work aims to demonstrate the presence of several genes and factors associated with virulence in strains isolated from the environment at pueblo viejo lagoon, state of veracruz, mexico. | 2013 | 23351134 |
| accurate diagnosis and treatment of vibrio vulnificus infection: a retrospective study of 12 cases. | vibrio vulnificus causes an infectious disease that has extremely poor convalescence and leads to necrotic fasciitis. in this study, we sought to define the characteristic epidemiology of v. vulnificus infection and clarify its diagnosis at the global level. | 2013 | 23332442 |
| structural and biochemical characterization of an atypical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase reveals an unusual cofactor preference. | short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) encompass a large and functionally diverse family of enzymes with representative members in all kingdoms of life. despite the wealth of reactions catalyzed by sdrs, they operate through a well-conserved and efficient reaction mechanism centered in a conserved catalytic tetrad (asn-ser-tyr-lys) and the employment of an appropriate cofactor. in recent years, sdrs that lack the signature catalytic tetrad have been identified, thus adding a perplexing twi ... | 2013 | 23311896 |
| the interactions of vibrio vulnificus and the oyster crassostrea virginica. | the human bacterial pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, is found in brackish waters and is concentrated by filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, especially oysters, which inhabit those waters. ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters containing virulent strains of v. vulnificus can result in rapid septicemia and death in 50 % of victims. this review summarizes the current knowledge of the environmental interactions between these two organisms, including the effects of salinity and temperature on colonizat ... | 2013 | 23280497 |
| detection and differentiation of vibrio vulnificus and v. sinaloensis in water and oysters of a gulf of mexico estuary. | vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal human pathogen that occurs naturally in estuarine waters and shellfish. vibrio vulnificus was quantified in water and oysters from florida's gulf coast by plating on mcpc agar, enrichment and plating, and quantitative pcr (qpcr). vibrio vulnificus was detected in 19%, 29%, and 97% of samples respectively by direct plating, qpcr, and enrichment. only 8% of typical colonies from direct plating were confirmed by pcr for vvha; others yielded no or atypically ... | 2013 | 23240813 |
| inhibition of binding of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh) by mβcd. | vibrio vulnificus secrets a pore-forming toxin called vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh). in this study, we showed that methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mβcd), an oligosaccharide, decreased binding of vvh to chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, resulting in inhibition of its cytotoxicity. when the vvh was incubated with mβcd, cytotoxicity of the toxin was inhibited from 100.3 ± 7.2% to 19.6 ± 5.3%. binding analysis showed that the amount of vvh on the cells was decreased from 101.4 ± 9.2% to 18.1 ± 8.0% o ... | 2013 | 23238452 |
| the regulator hlyu, the repeat-in-toxin gene rtxa1, and their roles in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus infections. | hlyu is a master regulator that plays an essential role in the virulence of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. one of the most noteworthy characteristics of hlyu regulation in this organism is its positive control of the expression of the repeat-in-toxin (rtxa1) gene, one of the most important virulence factors accounting for the fulminating and damaging nature of v. vulnificus infections. in this work, we reviewed the latest studies of rtxa1 in this bacterium and highlight the mechanism of g ... | 2012 | 23233275 |
| solution structure and dynamics of c-terminal regulatory domain of vibrio vulnificus extracellular metalloprotease. | an extracellular metalloprotease (vep) secreted by vibrio vulnificus atcc29307 is a 45-kda proteolytic enzyme that has prothrombin activation and fibrinolytic activities during bacterial infection. the action of vep could result in clotting that could serve to protect the bacteria from the host defense machinery. very recently, we showed that the c-terminal propeptide (c-ter100), which is unique to vep, is involved in regulation of vep activity. to understand the structural basis of this functio ... | 2013 | 23228665 |
| resistance to environmental stresses by vibrio vulnificus in the viable but nonculturable state. | vibrio vulnificus is responsible for 95% of all seafood-associated fatalities in the united states. when water temperatures drop below c. 13 °c, the cells enter into the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state wherein they are unable to grow on routine media but retain viability and the ability to return to the culturable state. the aim of this study was to determine whether v. vulnificus cells in the vbnc state are protected against a variety of potentially lethal challenges (heat, oxidative, osm ... | 2013 | 23228034 |
| a bacterial rtx toxin causes programmed necrotic cell death through calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. | vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic estuarine bacterium causing fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection, is highly cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. we have reported that rtxa1 toxin kills host cells only after they come into contact with bacteria and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus. this study was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which the rtxa1 toxin mediates the death of hela cells. by using confocal microscopy and immunoblot analysis, we show that the 501-k ... | 2013 | 23225896 |
| localization of vibrio vulnificus infection in dendritic cells and its effects on the cytoskeleton. | vibrio vulnificus (vv) is an estuarine bacterium that can cause primary septicemia as well as serious wound infections. however, little is known about the mechanisms by which vv infects dendritic cells (dcs) and its effects on cytoskeleton. in this study, we aimed to investigate the invasion, internalization, and the organelles damage of the cultured dendritic cells (a dc 2.4 strain) during vv infection. | 2012 | 23217398 |
| genome sequence of the human-pathogenetic bacterium vibrio vulnificus b2. | vibrio vulnificus, which can lead to rapidly expanding cellulitis or septicemia, is present in the marine environment. here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain b2, which was isolated from a septicemia patient in 2010. | 2012 | 23209257 |
| the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score for discernment of necrotizing fasciitis originated from vibrio vulnificus infections. | the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (lrinec) score has been verified as a useful diagnostic tool for detecting necrotizing fasciitis (nf). its application, however, is mainly for nf types i and ii. the practical relevance of the lrinec score for vibro vulnificus-related skin and soft tissue infection (ssti) was hardly ever investigated. the aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the lrinec scoring system and to identify nf-predicting factors in patients with v. ... | 2012 | 23188248 |
| bullous skin lesions in vibrio vulnificus infection. | | 2013 | 23178913 |
| iron-mediated regulation of metalloprotease vvpe production in vibrio vulnificus. | in vibrio vulnificus, the production of metalloprotease vvpe is controlled by crp (camp-receptor protein) and smcr (a quorum sensing regulator) at the transcription level, and by pild-mediated type ii general secretion system (ttgss) at the extracellular secretion level. iron is known to stimulate vvpe production but the related mechanisms remain unidentified. iron stimulated vvpe transcription and extracellular vvpe production even in the background with a crp and/or smcr mutation. iron stimula ... | 2012 | 23109016 |
| distinct characteristics of two 2-cys peroxiredoxins of vibrio vulnificus suggesting differential roles in detoxifying oxidative stress. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes reducing toxic peroxides. two distinct 2-cys prxs, prx1 and prx2, were identified in vibrio vulnificus, a facultative aerobic pathogen. both prxs have two conserved catalytic cysteines, c(p) and c(r), but prx2 is more homologous in amino acid sequences to eukaryotic prx than to prx1. prx2 utilized thioredoxin a as a reductant, whereas prx1 required ahpf. prx2 contained ggig and fl motifs similar to the motifs conserved in sensitive prxs an ... | 2012 | 23095744 |
| structural characterization of a modification subunit of a putative type i restriction enzyme from vibrio vulnificus yj016. | in multifunctional type i restriction enzymes, active methyltransferases (mtases) are constituted of methylation (hsdm) and specificity (hsds) subunits. in this study, the crystal structure of a putative hsdm subunit from vibrio vulnificus yj016 (vvhsdm) was elucidated at a resolution of 1.80 å. a cofactor-binding site for s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam, a methyl-group donor) is formed within the c-terminal domain of an α/β-fold, in which a number of residues are conserved, including the gxgg and ... | 2012 | 23090406 |
| an assay to screen bacterial adhesion to mucus biomolecules. | to develop an assay for rapid screening of bacterial adhesion to various groups of biomolecules present in fish mucus. | 2013 | 23020180 |
| [effects of three antigens extracted from vibrio vulnificus on the immunological protection of nibea albiflora]. | nibea albiflora was immunized by intraperitoneal injection with either lipopolysaccharide (lps) or outer membrane protein (omp) extracted from vibrio vulnificus or formalin killed vibrio vulnificus (fkc). the influence of the three antigens on the immunological function of nibea albiflora was determined at different time points following the injection by testing the agglutinating antibody titers of the serum, lysozyme activity of the serum, phagocytic activity of the blood and the relative survi ... | 2012 | 23019033 |
| regulatory characteristics of the vibrio vulnificus rtxhca operon encoding a martx toxin. | vibrio vulnificus martx encoded by rtxa, an open reading frame of the rtxhca operon, is essential for virulence in vitro and in mice. in this study, a primer extension analysis revealed that transcription of the rtxhca operon begins at a single site, and is under the direction of a single promoter, p( rtxhca ). p( rtxhca ) activity appeared at the beginning of growth and reached a maximum in mid-exponential phase. p( rtxhca ) activity was induced by exposure to int-407 cells, and the membrane fr ... | 2012 | 22996810 |
| characterization of genes involved in ceramide metabolism in the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas). | the lipid signaling molecule, ceramide, is a key component of the vertebrate stress response, however, there is limited information concerning its role in invertebrate species. in order to identify genes involved in ceramide metabolism in bivalve molluscs, pacific oyster genomic resources were examined for genes associated with ceramide metabolism and signaling. | 2012 | 22974230 |
| a case series of vibrio vulnificus infections in new orleans, louisiana. | the objective of this study is to describe cases of v. vulnificus infection and to review the literature, emphasizing salient aspects of infection for practicing physicians. | 2013 | 22953457 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the putative nadp(h)-dependent oxidoreductase yncb from vibrio vulnificus. | the yncb gene product from vibrio vulnificus, which belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (mdr) superfamily, was crystallized using the microbatch crystallization method at 295 k. diffraction data sets were collected using synchrotron radiation. crystals of selenomethionine-substituted yncb protein belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 90.52, b = 91.56, c = 104.79 å. assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the solvent content wa ... | 2012 | 22949204 |
| martx of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a virulence and survival factor. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a polyphyletic group whose virulence for fish relies on a plasmid. this plasmid contains an rtxa gene duplicated in the small chromosome that encodes a martx (multifunctional, autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin) unique within the species in domain structure (martx type iii). to discover the role of this toxin in the fitness of this biotype in the fish-farming environment, single- and double-knockout mutants were isolated from a zoonotic strain and analysed in a series ... | 2013 | 22943291 |
| prevalence and population structure of vibrio vulnificus on fishes from the northern gulf of mexico. | the prevalence of vibrio vulnificus on the external surfaces of fish from the northern gulf of mexico was determined in this study. a collection of 242 fish comprising 28 species was analyzed during the course of 12 sampling trips over a 16-month period. the prevalence of v. vulnificus was 37% but increased up to 69% in summer. a positive correlation was found between the percentages of v. vulnificus-positive fish and water temperatures, while salinity and v. vulnificus-positive fish prevalence ... | 2012 | 22923394 |
| effect of hyperbaric oxygen on vibrio vulnificus and murine infection caused by it. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium known to cause fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection in humans. here, a remarkable therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (hbo) on v. vulnificus infection provoked by its injection into mouse footpads is described. hbo was shown to be bactericidal to this bacterium in vitro as well as in the infected tissue. the bactericidal activity of hbo was shown to be due to reactive oxygen species (ros), the efficacy of hbo against v. vulnificus infection being accounted ... | 2012 | 22775062 |
| crystallization of an atypical short-chain dehydrogenase from vibrio vulnificus lacking the conserved catalytic tetrad. | short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are a rapidly expanding superfamily of enzymes that are found in all kingdoms of life. hallmarked by a highly conserved asn-ser-tyr-lys catalytic tetrad, sdrs have a broad substrate spectrum and play diverse roles in key metabolic processes. locus tag vva1599 in vibrio vulnificus encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase (hereafter referred to as sdrvv) which lacks the signature catalytic tetrad of sdr members. structure-based protein sequence alignments ha ... | 2012 | 22750861 |
| complete genome sequence of vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage ssp002. | vibrio vulnificus phages are abundant in coastal marine environments, shellfish, clams, and oysters. ssp002, a v. vulnificus-specific bacteriophage, was isolated from oysters from the west coast of south korea. in this study, the complete genome of ssp002 was sequenced and analyzed for the first time among the v. vulnificus-specific bacteriophages. | 2012 | 22733877 |
| evidence that the vibrio vulnificus flagellar regulator flhf is regulated by a quorum sensing master regulator smcr. | a single polar flagellum and motility are potential virulence factors of vibrio vulnificus, a foodborne pathogen. in the present study, the functions of flhf and regulatory characteristics of the flhf expression of v. vulnificus were investigated. a deletion mutation in flhf abolished motility, flagella formation and flagellin synthesis, and introduction of flhf in trans complemented the defects. the flhf mutant revealed decreased expression of the class iii and iv flagella genes, indicating tha ... | 2012 | 22679105 |
| pyrosequencing-based comparative genome analysis of vibrio vulnificus environmental isolates. | between 1996 and 2006, the us centers for disease control reported that the only category of food-borne infections increasing in frequency were those caused by members of the genus vibrio. the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous inhabitant of estuarine waters, and is the number one cause of seafood-related deaths in the us. many v. vulnificus isolates have been studied, and it has been shown that two genetically distinct subtypes, distinguished by 16s rdna and other gene po ... | 2012 | 22662170 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis misdiagnosed as simple deep vein thrombosis. | a 46-year-old man was transferred to the emergency department and suspected of having a deep vein thrombosis. the patient reported swelling and pain in both lower legs for 16 hours. his medical history included liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol. a detailed history revealed raw fish consumption 1 day before admission. within 2 hours of arrival, several hemorrhagic bullae developed in the color-changed lesions of both lower legs. the patient's level of consciousness deteriorated to a stupor. he ... | 2012 | 22633714 |
| sharing of prey: coinfection of a bacterium by a virus and a prokaryotic predator. | rarely, if ever, has a single bacterial cell been confirmed to simultaneously host two fundamentally different predators. two such predators are viruses and the predatory prokaryotes known as bdellovibrio and like organisms. viruses or bacteriophage are particles requiring prey cells in an active metabolic state to complete their life cycle. the bdellovibrio and like organisms, unlike viruses, are bacteria that can efficiently infect and grow in prey which are in stationary phase. in this study, ... | 2012 | 22511350 |
| distribution and survival of vibrio vulnificus genotypes in postharvest gulf coast (usa) oysters under refrigeration. | the effect of refrigeration on the seafood-borne pathogen vibrio vulnificus was investigated in terms of genotype selection and persistence in refrigerated oysters. | 2012 | 22507030 |
| the ttpc gene is contained in two of three tonb systems in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus, but only one is active in iron transport and virulence. | the tonb system of proteins is required for the energy-dependent active transport of iron-bound substrates across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. we have identified three tonb systems within the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. the tonb1 system contains the tonb1, exbd1, and exbb1 proteins, whereas both the ttpc2-tonb2 and ttpc3-tonb3 systems contain an additional fourth protein, ttpc. here we report that ttpc3, although highly related to ttpc2, is inactive in iron transport, wher ... | 2012 | 22505675 |
| additive function of vibrio vulnificus martx(vv) and vvha cytolysins promotes rapid growth and epithelial tissue necrosis during intestinal infection. | vibrio vulnificus is a pathogen that causes both severe necrotizing wound infections and life-threatening food-borne infections. food-borne infection is particularly lethal as the infection can progress rapidly to primary septicemia resulting in death from septic shock and multiorgan failure. in this study, we use both bioluminescence whole animal imaging and v. vulnificus bacterial colonization of orally infected mice to demonstrate that the secreted multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx toxin (ma ... | 2012 | 22457618 |
| apparent loss of vibrio vulnificus from north carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity. | despite years of successful isolation of vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture v. vulnificus from either north carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. after employing culture-based methods as well as pcr and quantitative pcr for the detection of v. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the north carolina estuarine ecosystem. we ensured that the techniques were sou ... | 2012 | 22447591 |
| quantitative pcr and in vivo efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of vibrio vulnificus infection in a mouse model. | the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) recommend oral or intravenous doxycycline plus a third-generation cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone alone for the treatment of vibrio vulnificus infections. until now, no study has compared oral with parenteral administered doxycycline with respect to their in vivo efficacy. in the present work, icr mice infected with a high dose of v. vulnificus were administered ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline. the bacterial dna copy number in sur ... | 2012 | 22434454 |
| [preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibody against vibrio vulnificus]. | to prepare high-performance and specific monoclonal antibody (mab) against vibrio vulnificus and carry out characterization. | 2012 | 22394637 |
| fatal vibrio vulnificus sepsis in vertically acquired hepatitis c. | | 2013 | 22367339 |
| expression of vibrio vulnificus insulin-degrading enzyme is regulated by the camp-crp complex. | components of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) : carbohydrate phosphortransferase system (pts) have multiple regulatory roles in addition to pep-dependent transport/phosphorylation of numerous carbohydrates. we have recently shown that, in an opportunistic human pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, enzyme iia(glc) (eiia(glc)) interacts with a peptidase that has high sequence similarity to mammalian insulin-degrading enzymes, called vibrio insulin-degrading enzyme (vide). although the vide-eiia(gl ... | 2012 | 22361942 |
| identification of the fur-binding site in regulatory region of the vulnibactin-receptor gene in vibrio vulnificus. | the vibrio vulnificus vuua gene, of which expression is repressed by a complex of iron and ferric uptake regulator (fur), was characterized to localize the fur-binding site in its upstream regulatory region. in silico analysis suggested the presence of two possible fur-binding sites; one is a classical fur-box and the other is a previously reported distinct fur-binding site. site-directed mutagenesis and dnase i protection assays revealed the binding site for the iron-fur complex, which includes ... | 2012 | 22297218 |
| development and validation of a predictive model for the growth of vibrio vulnificus in postharvest shellstock oysters. | postharvest growth of vibrio vulnificus in oysters can increase risk of human infection. unfortunately, limited information is available regarding v. vulnificus growth and survival patterns over a wide range of storage temperatures in oysters harvested from different estuaries and in different oyster species. in this study, we developed a predictive model for v. vulnificus growth in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested from chesapeake bay, md, over a temperature range of 5 to 30°c a ... | 2012 | 22247136 |
| vibrio vulnificus aphb is involved in interleukin-8 production via an nf-κb-dependent pathway in human intestinal epithelial cells. | we previously reported that the aphb gene mutant of vibrio vulnificus had significantly impaired motility and adherence to host cells. in this study, we investigated the role of v. vulnificus aphb on the production of interleukin-8 (il-8), a proinflammatory cytokine, as well as its underlying mechanism in human intestinal epithelial int-407 cells. the aphb gene mutation significantly reduced the ability of v. vulnificus to stimulate il-8 production and il-8 gene promoter activation in int-407 ce ... | 2012 | 22234306 |
| mathematical modeling of vibrio vulnificus infection in korea and the influence of global warming. | to investigate the possible link between vibrio vulnificus population size in seawater and water temperature. | 2011 | 24159451 |
| genotypic characterization of vibrio vulnificus clinical isolates in korea. | vibrio vunificus is known to cause septicemia and severe wound infections in patients with chronic liver diseases or an immuno-compromised condition. we carried out the molecular characterization of v. vulnificus isolates from human vibrio septicemia cases based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using noti and sfii. | 2011 | 24159444 |
| expression of high mobility group protein b1 in the lungs of rats with sepsis. | vibrio vulnificus inside the body could activate the nf-κb signaling pathway and initiate the inflammatory cascade. the lung is one of the earliest organs affected by sepsis associated with acute lung injury. high mobility group protein b1 (hmgb1) is an important late-acting pro-inflammatory cytokine involving in the pathophysiology of sepsis. it is also involved in the injury process in the lung, liver and intestine. there has been no report on the involvement of hmgb1 in vibrio vulnificus seps ... | 2011 | 25215028 |
| vibrio vulnificus genome suggests two distinct ecotypes. | the genus vibrio contains several of the most important pathogens known. one member of this group, vibrio vulnificus, is an estuarine bacterium which is the causative agent of both food-borne disease and wound infection. vibrio vulnificus is ubiquitous in estuarine waters and occurs in molluscan shellfish in high numbers. however, the incidence of disease is relatively low and it has been suggested that not all strains of v. vulnificus are equally virulent. we have previously shown that there is ... | 2010 | 23766007 |
| uptake and depuration of the c- and e-genotypes of vibrio vulnificus by the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative estuarine bacterium that infect via wounds and ingestion, and is the leading cause of seafood-borne death in the united states. vibrio vulnificus is part of the naturally occurring flora of both estuaries and estuarine mollusks (especially oysters). vibrio vulnificus is divided into two genotypes, including a clinically associated c-type, and an environmentally associated e-type that is more rarely involved in septicemia. these two genotype ... | 2010 | 23766004 |
| rapid in situ detection of virulent vibrio vulnificus strains in raw oyster matrices using real-time pcr. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for the vast majority of bacterially mediated fatalities from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood in the usa. vibrio vulnificus-associated septicaemia can occur rapidly (< 24 h); however, methods for the isolation and confirmation of v. vulnificus from seafood samples typically require several days. a real-time pcr assay was developed for v. vulnificus biotype 1 that provides a rapid means of identifying a gene fragmen ... | 2010 | 23766001 |
| necrotising fasciitis with vibrio vulnificus: a limb threatening dermatologic complication following exposure to marine life. | vibrio vulnificus is a rare cause of necrotising fasciitis. the organism can be found in warm, shallow coastal waters, as well as on shellfish, such as crab, and also filter-feeding molluscs, such as oysters, clams, and scallops. in the usa, it is the leading cause of shellfish related deaths. in individuals with major underlying illnesses, such as liver disease, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, alcoholism, haemochromatosis or chronic renal disease, the organism can lead to a fulminant course with ... | 2010 | 22736735 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna analysis to differentiate strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles and shrimps. | a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting method has been developed to differentiate vibrio vulnificus strains isolated. twenty-nine strains isolated from cockles and twenty-one strains isolated from shrimps were analyzed. a total of 10 primers were screened with vibrio vulnificus strains to identify those capable of generating dna polymorphisms and two primers were selected. primer gen 1-50-01 and gen 1-50-08 produced polymorphisms in most strains tested, with the band sizes rang ... | 2000 | 22844214 |
| does vibrio vulnificus present a health threat to canadians? | to review recent data on vibrio vulnificus and its properties, characteristics of disease and epidemiology, sources of infection, population at risk, infectious dose, documented cases of infection and health risk from v vulnificus infection in canada. | 1997 | 22346524 |
| site-specific his/asp phosphoproteomic analysis of prokaryotes reveals putative targets for drug resistance. | phosphorylation of amino acid residues on proteins is an important and common post-translational modification in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. most research work has been focused on phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues, whereas phosphorylation of other amino acids are significantly less clear due to the controversy on their stability under standard bioanalytical conditions. | 2017 | 28545444 |
| previously undescribed antibacterial polyketides from heterotrophic bacillus amyloliquefaciens associated with seaweed padina gymnospora. | a heterotrophic marine bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from seaweed padina gymnospora exhibited broad spectra of antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the seaweed-associated b. amyloliquefaciens was recognized to possess functional type i polyketide synthase-1 (pks-1) gene, and was used to isolate four homologous compounds with polyketide frameworks. the compounds were characterized ... | 2017 | 28842846 |
| corrigendum: assessing the function of stas domain protein sypa in vibrio fischeri using a comparative analysis. | [this corrects the article on p. 760 in vol. 6, pmid: 26284045.]. | 2017 | 28450861 |
| anti-biofilm effects of anthranilate on a broad range of bacteria. | anthranilate, one of tryptophan degradation products has been reported to interfere with biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa. here, we investigated the effects of anthranilate on biofilm formation by various bacteria and the mechanisms responsible. anthranilate commonly inhibited biofilm formation by p. aeruginosa, vibrio vulnificus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus, and disrupted biofilms preformed by these bacteria. because anthranil ... | 2017 | 28819217 |
| recreational waterborne illnesses: recognition, treatment, and prevention. | illness after recreational water activities can be caused by a variety of agents, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, algae, and even chlorine gas. these illnesses are more common in summer. waterborne illnesses are underreported because most recreational activity occurs in unsupervised venues or on private property, and participants tend to disperse before illness occurs. symptoms of waterborne illness are primarily gastrointestinal, but upper respiratory and skin manifestations also occur. ... | 2017 | 28671392 |
| occurrence of vibrio species, beta-lactam resistant vibrio species, and indicator bacteria in ballast and port waters of a tropical harbor. | ballast water discharges are potential sources for the spread of invasive and pathogenic aquatic organisms. ballast waters from six ships docked in the port of singapore were tested to determine if indictor organisms fell within proposed standards for ballast water discharge according to regulation d-2 of the ballast water management convention (bwmc) guidelines. vibrio species were cultured on media supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant vibr ... | 2017 | 28822933 |
| effects of desiccation practices of cultured atlantic oysters (crassostrea virginica) on vibrio spp. in portersville bay, alabama, usa. | the expansion of off-bottom aquaculture to the gulf of mexico has raised public health concerns for human health officials. high temperatures in the gulf of mexico are associated with high levels of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. routine desiccation practices associated with off-bottom aquaculture expose oysters to ambient air, allowing vibrio spp. to proliferate in the closed oyster. currently, there is limited research on the length of time needed for vibrio spp. levels in desi ... | 2017 | 28696147 |
| a double-quadratic model for predicting vibrio species in water environments of japan. | vibrio spp. are natural inhabitants of marine and estuarine environments. vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus are the major infectious agents for humans. their densities are affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and salinity. the detailed contribution of each factor still remains to be elucidated. here we conducted multi-coastal study in a 21-month period to examine relationships between environmental factors and v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus ... | 2017 | 28646477 |
| crystal structure of the regulatory domain of aphb from vibrio vulnificus, a virulence gene regulator. | the transcriptional activator aphb has been implicated in acid resistance and pathogenesis in the food borne pathogens vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae. to date, the full-length aphb crystal structure of v. cholerae has been determined and characterized by a tetrameric assembly of aphb consisting of a dna binding domain and a regulatory domain (rd). although acidic ph and low oxygen tension might be involved in the activation of aphb, it remains unknown which ligand or stimulus activates ap ... | 2017 | 28427249 |
| distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio species associated with zooplankton in coastal area of korea. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus are the most common pathogens causing seafood-borne illnesses in korea. this study determines the abundance and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic vibrio species in seawater and zooplankton samples from the geoje island coast in korea, which is an important area for coastal fisheries, the fishing industry, and tourism. the two vibrio species were detected more in mesozooplankton samples than in seawater samples. v. parahaemolyticus isolates showed gr ... | 2017 | 28781188 |
| different abundance and correlational patterns exist between total and presumed pathogenic vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in shellfish and waters along the north carolina coast. | monitoring of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus abundance is pertinent due to the ability of these species to cause disease in humans through aquatic vectors. previously, we performed a multiyear investigation tracking vibrio spp. levels in five sites along the southeastern north carolina coast. from february 2013 to october 2015, total v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus abundance was measured in water, oysters and clams. in the current study, pathogenic subpopulations were identified ... | 2017 | 28531284 |
| effects of ambient exposure, refrigeration, and icing on vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus abundances in oysters. | vibrio vulnificus (vv) and v. parahaemolyticus (vp) illnesses are typically acquired through the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish, particularly oysters. as vibrio spp. are naturally-occurring bacteria, one means of mitigation of illness is achieved by limiting post-harvest growth. in this study, effects of ambient air storage, refrigeration, and icing of oysters on vibrio spp. abundances were examined at two sites in alabama (al) [dog river (dr) and cedar point (cp)] and one site in delawa ... | 2017 | 28482282 |
| identification and characterization of vibrio vulnificus plpa encoding a phospholipase a2 essential for pathogenesis. | the marine bacterium vibrio vulnificus causes food-borne diseases, which may lead to life-threatening septicemia in some individuals. therefore, identifying virulence factors in v. vulnificus is of high priority. we performed a transcriptome analysis on v. vulnificus after infection of human intestinal ht29-methotrexate cells, and found induction of plpa, encoding a putative phospholipase vvplpa. bioinformatics, biochemical, and genetic analyses demonstrated that vvplpa is a phospholipase a2 (pl ... | 2017 | 28855258 |
| a vibrio vulnificus vvpm induces il-1β production coupled with necrotic macrophage death via distinct spatial targeting by anxa2. | an inflammatory form of phagocyte death evoked by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio (v.) vulnificus (wt) is one of hallmarks to promote their colonization, but the virulence factor and infectious mechanism involved in this process remain largely unknown. here, we identified extracellular metalloprotease vvpm as a new virulence factor and investigated the molecular mechanism of vvpm which acts during the regulation of the inflammatory form of macrophage death and bacterial colonization. mutation ... | 2017 | 28848713 |
| clinical usefulness of real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of vibrio vulnificus infection using skin and soft tissues. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic gram-negative bacillus isolated in seawater, fish, and shellfish. infection by v. vulnificus is the most severe food-borne infection reported in the united states of america. here, we aimed to examine the clinical usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using tissue specimens other than blood samples as a diagnostic tool for v. vulnificus infection. a retrospective study was conducted with patients who underwent real-time pcr of toxr in both blood and skin ... | 2017 | 28829729 |
| vibrio vulnificus martx cytotoxin causes inactivation of phagocytosis-related signaling molecules in macrophages. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterial species that causes opportunistic infections manifested by serious skin lesions and fulminant septicemia in humans. we have previously shown that the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats in toxin (martxvv1) of a biotype 1 v. vulnificus strain promotes survival of this organism in the host by preventing it from engulfment by the phagocytes. the purpose of this study was to further explore how martxvv1 inhibits phagocytosis of this microorganism by the mac ... | 2017 | 28822352 |
| vibrio vulnificus vvha induces th1 and tfh cells to proliferate against vibrio vulnificus in a mouse model of infection. | to characterize the roles of vvha in host's acquired immune response to vibrio vulnificus infection. | 2017 | 28816516 |
| variable virulence of biotype 3 vibrio vulnificus due to martx toxin effector domain composition. | vibrio vulnificus is an environmental organism that causes septic human infections characterized by high morbidity and mortality. the annual incidence and global distribution of this pathogen are increasing as ocean waters warm. clinical strains exhibit variations in the primary virulence toxin, suggesting a potential for the emergence of new strains with altered virulence properties. a clonal outbreak of tilapia-associated wound infections in israel serves as a natural experiment for the sudden ... | 2017 | 28815212 |
| lrp, a global regulator, regulates the virulence of vibrio vulnificus. | an attenuated mutant (designated ny303) of vibrio vulnificus, which causes serious wound infection and septicemia in humans, was isolated fortuitously from a clinical strain yj016. this mutant was defective in cytotoxicity, migration on soft agar and virulence in the mouse. the purpose of this study was to map the mutation in this attenuated mutant and further explore how the gene thus identified is involved in virulence. | 2017 | 28800764 |
| martx toxin in the zoonotic serovar of vibrio vulnificus triggers an early cytokine storm in mice. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2-serovar e is a zoonotic clonal complex that can cause death by sepsis in humans and fish. unlike other biotypes, bt2 produces a unique type of martxvv (multifunctional-autoprocessive-repeats-in-toxin; rtxa13), which is encoded by a gene duplicated in the pvvbt2 plasmid and chromosome ii. in this work, we analyzed the activity of this toxin and its role in human sepsis by performing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. first, we demonstrated that the acd domain, pres ... | 2017 | 28775962 |
| vibrio vulnificus induces mtor activation and inflammatory responses in macrophages. | vibrio vulnificus (v. vulnificus), a gram-negative marine bacterium, can cause life-threatening primary septicemia, especially in patients with liver diseases. how v. vulnificus affects the liver and how it acts on macrophages are not well understood. in this report, we demonstrated that v. vulnificus infection causes a strong inflammatory response, marked expansion of liver-resident macrophages, and liver damage in mice. we demonstrated further that v. vulnificus activates mtor in macrophages a ... | 2017 | 28719654 |
| skin manifestations of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia. | | 2017 | 28719320 |
| from sea to bloodstream: vibrio vulnificus sepsis. | | 2017 | 28693913 |
| vibrio vulnificus tonsillitis after swimming in the gulf of mexico. | | 2017 | 28659373 |
| the proline variant of the w[f/l/m][t/s]r c-di-gmp binding motif suppresses dependence on signal-association for regulator function. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacteria and potent opportunistic human pathogen. it enters the food-chain by asymptomatically colonizing a variety of marine organisms, most notably oysters. expression of the brp-encoded extracellular polysaccharide, which enhances cell-surface adherence, is regulated by c-di-gmp and the activator brpt. the v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus homologs, vpst and cpsq, directly bind c-di-gmp via a novel w[f/l/m][t/s]r motif and c-di-gmp binding is absolutely req ... | 2017 | 28652300 |
| surface hypothermia predicts murine mortality in the intragastric vibrio vulnificus infection model. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus can cause severe disease in humans who consume undercooked, contaminated seafood. to study food-borne v. vulnificus disease in the laboratory, mouse virulence studies predominantly use death as the primary experimental endpoint because behaviorally based moribund status does not consistently predict lethality. this study assessed ventral surface temperature (vst) and its association with mouse survival during v. vulnificus virulence studies as an eff ... | 2017 | 28629317 |
| comparative visualization of the rna suboptimal conformational ensemble in vivo. | when a ribonucleic acid (rna) molecule folds, it often does not adopt a single, well-defined conformation. the folding energy landscape of an rna is highly dependent on its nucleotide sequence and molecular environment. cellular molecules sometimes alter the energy landscape, thereby changing the ensemble of likely low-energy conformations. the effects of these energy landscape changes on the conformational ensemble are particularly challenging to visualize for large rnas. we have created a robu ... | 2017 | 28625696 |
| vibrio vulnificus: an environmental and clinical burden. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the family vibrionaceae. it is a deadly, opportunistic human pathogen which is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated deaths worldwide. v. vulnificus infection can be fatal as it may cause severe wound infections potentially requiring amputation or lead to sepsis in susceptible individuals. treatment is increasingly challenging as v. vulnificus has begun to develop resistance against certain antibiotics due to ... | 2017 | 28620366 |
| vibrio vulnificus septic shock due to a contaminated tattoo. | we present a case of vibrio vulnificus septic shock and cellulitis in a patient with chronic liver disease that occurred after obtaining a leg tattoo with subsequent seawater exposure in the gulf of mexico. initial suspicion for v. vulnificus was high and he was started on empiric doxycycline and ceftriaxone at admission. blood and wound cultures grew oxidase positive and comma-shaped gram-negative rods ultimately confirmed to be v. vulnificus. despite aggressive initial treatment, the patient d ... | 2017 | 28551603 |
| both polarity and aromatic ring in the side chain of tryptophan 246 are involved in binding activity of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin to target cells. | vibrio vulnificus secretes a hemolysin/cytolysin (vvh) that induces cytolysis against a variety of mammalian cells by forming pores on the cellular membrane. vvh is known to bind to the cellular membrane as a monomer, and then convert to a pore-forming oligomer. however, the structural basis for binding of this toxin to target cells remains unknown. we show here that the polarity and indole ring on the side chain of trp 246 (w246) of vvh, which sits on a bottom loop, participates in binding to c ... | 2017 | 28546115 |
| substrate recognition of martx ras/rap1-specific endopeptidase. | ras/rap1-specific endopeptidase (rrsp) is a cytotoxic effector domain of the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxin of highly virulent strains of vibrio vulnificus. rrsp blocks ras-mapk kinase signaling by cleaving ras and rap1 within the switch i region between y32 and d33. although the rrsp processing site is highly conserved among small gtpases, only ras and rap1 have been identified as proteolytic substrates. here we report that residues y32 and d33 at the scissile bon ... | 2017 | 28459538 |
| ligand-modulated folding of the full-length adenine riboswitch probed by nmr and single-molecule fret spectroscopy. | the full-length translation-regulating add adenine riboswitch (asw) from vibrio vulnificus has a more complex conformational space than its isolated aptamer domain. in addition to the predicted apo (apoa) and holo conformation that feature the conserved three-way junctional purine riboswitch aptamer, it adopts a second apo (apob) conformation with a fundamentally different secondary structure. here, we characterized the ligand-dependent conformational dynamics of the full-length add asw by nmr a ... | 2017 | 28204648 |