| interorganizational coordination and collaboration during the 2015 mers-cov response in south korea. | this study examined the way organizations were involved in the response to the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov, mers) outbreak that occurred in korea in 2015. | 2020 | 32279680 |
| cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with covid-19. | in december 2019, the world started to face a new pandemic situation, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease (covid-19) clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, major cardiac complications are being reported. cardiac manifestations etiology seems to be multifactorial, comprising direct viral myocardial damage, hypoxia, hypotension, enhanced inflammatory status, ace2-receptors downregulation, drug toxicity, endogenous catecholamine ad ... | 2020 | 32270559 |
| insight into 2019 novel coronavirus - an updated interim review and lessons from sars-cov and mers-cov. | the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by a zoonotic beta-coronavirus entitled 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), has become a global threat. awareness of the biological features of 2019-ncov should be updated in time and needs to be comprehensively summarized to help optimize control measures and make therapeutic decisions. | 2020 | 32247050 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and covid-19 infection during pregnancy. | | 2020 | 32247017 |
| [progress and challenge of vaccine development against 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-ncov)]. | the outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) infection poses a serious threat to global public health. vaccination is an effective way to prevent the epidemic of the virus. 2019-ncov along with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) belong to the same β-genus of coronavirus family. basing on the previous experience and the technical platform of developing sars-cov and mers-cov vaccines, scientists from all over t ... | 2020 | 32234130 |
| cd-sace2 inclusion compounds: an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | coronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the sars-cov-2. coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (s-proteins), thus releasing the rna of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. in this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin-soluble angiotensin-conver ... | 2020 | 32232976 |
| competing endogenous rna network profiling reveals novel host dependency factors required for mers-cov propagation. | circular rnas (circrnas) are an integral component of the host competitive endogenous rna (cerna) network. these noncoding rnas are characterized by their unique splicing reactions to form covalently closed loop structures and play important rna regulatory roles in cells. recent studies showed that circrna expressions were perturbed in viral infections and circrnas might serve as potential antiviral targets. we investigated the host cerna network changes and biological relevance of circrnas in h ... | 2020 | 32223537 |
| [epidemiology, treatment, and epidemic prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019: a review]. | this review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and pandemic h1n1 virus. sars-cov-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic c ... | 2020 | 32220177 |
| managing oncology services during a major coronavirus outbreak: lessons from the saudi arabia experience. | outbreaks of infectious etiology, particularly those caused by a novel virus that has no known treatment or vaccine, may result in the interruption of medical care provided to patients with cancer and put them at risk for undertreatment in addition to the risk of being exposed to infection, a life-threatening event among patients with cancer. this article describes the approach used to manage patients with cancer during a large-scale middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus hospital outbreak ... | 2020 | 32216653 |
| covid-19 and the digestive system. | the novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. it is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a member of the betacoronavirus genus that also includes the sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. while patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. studies have identified the sars-cov-2 rna in stool specim ... | 2020 | 32215956 |
| a numerical study of ventilation strategies for infection risk mitigation in general inpatient wards. | aerial dispersion of human exhaled microbial contaminants and subsequent contamination of surfaces is a potential route for infection transmission in hospitals. most general hospital wards have ventilation systems that drive air and thus contaminants from the patient areas towards the corridors. this study investigates the transport mechanism and deposition patterns of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) within a typical six bedded general inpatient ward cubicle through numer ... | 2020 | 32211123 |
| insilico alpha-helical structural recognition of temporin antimicrobial peptides and its interactions with middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. | many antimicrobial peptides (amps) have multiple antimicrobial immunity effects. one such class of peptides is temporins. temporins are the smallest (amps) found in nature and are highly active against gram-positive bacteria. nowadays, there was a rapid increase in the availability of the 3d structure of proteins in pdb (protein data bank). the conserved residues and 3d structural conformations of temporins (amps) were still unknown. the present study explores the sequence analysis, alpha-helica ... | 2019 | 32206049 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic developments. | the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was identified in the year 2012, which spread rapidly and increased to more than 2200 in 2018. this highly pathogenic virus with high mortality rate is among one of the major public health concerns. saudi arabia remains to be the most affected region with the majority of mers-cov cases, and currently, no effective drugs and vaccines are available for prevention and treatment. a large amount of information is now available ... | 2019 | 32201499 |
| teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of covid-19? | in december 2019, a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), emerged from china causing pneumonia outbreaks, first in the wuhan region of china and then spread worldwide because of its probable high transmission efficiency. owing to the lack of efficient and specific treatments and the need to contain the epidemic, drug repurposing appears to be the best tool to find a therapeutic solution. chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and ritonavir ... | 2020 | 32179150 |
| covid-19 in the shadows of mers-cov in the kingdom of saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has plagued the middle east since it was first reported in 2012. recently, at the end of december 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from wuhan city, hubei province, china, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named sars-cov-2. most cases are in mainland china with international spread to 25 countries. the novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international sp ... | 2020 | 32175703 |
| early estimation of the case fatality rate of covid-19 in mainland china: a data-driven analysis. | an ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov)-2], named covid-19, hit a major city of china, wuhan in december 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of china and overseas. several studies have been done to estimate the basic reproduction number in the early phase of this outbreak, yet there are no reliable estimates of case fatality rate (cfr) for covid-19 to date. | 2020 | 32175421 |
| liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. the who has declared the outbreak of sars-cov-2 infection an international public health emergency. lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by sars-cov-2 infection. however, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. similarly, previous studies have ... | 2020 | 32170806 |
| application of a risk analysis tool to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in saudi arabia. | the grunow-finke assessment tool (gft) is an accepted scoring system for determining likelihood of an outbreak being unnatural in origin. considering its high specificity but low sensitivity, a modified grunow-finke tool (mgft) has been developed with improved sensitivity. the mgft has been validated against some past disease outbreaks, but it has not been applied to ongoing outbreaks. this study is aimed to score the outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in saudi a ... | 2020 | 32170774 |
| the origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak - an update on the status. | an acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2, previously known as 2019-ncov), the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has spread throughout china and received worldwide attention. on 30 january 2020, world health organization (who) officially declared the covid-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. the emergence of sars-cov-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) in 2002 and middle east respiratory syndrome cor ... | 2020 | 32169119 |
| the potential chemical structure of anti-sars-cov-2 rna-dependent rna polymerase. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) occurred in wuhan and it has rapidly spread to almost all parts of the world. for coronaviruses, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is an important polymerase that catalyzes the replication of rna from rna template and is an attractive therapeutic target. in this study, we screened these chemical structures from traditional chinese medicinal compounds proven to show antiviral activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) ... | 2020 | 32167173 |
| [potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus]. | the recent outbreak of respiratory illness in wuhan, china is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-ncov, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-ncov is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), gan ... | 2020 | 32164080 |
| a computational vaccine designing approach for mers-cov infections. | the aim of this study was to use iedb software to predict the suitable mers-cov epitope vaccine against the most known world population alleles through four selecting proteins such as s glycoprotein and envelope protein and their modification sequences after the pandemic spread of mers-cov in 2012. iedb services is one of the computational methods; the output of this study showed that s glycoprotein, envelope (e) protein, and s and e protein modified sequences of mers-cov might be considered as ... | 2020 | 32162250 |
| compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus. | currently, the expansion of the novel human respiratory coronavirus (known as sars-cov-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], covid-2019 [coronavirus disease 2019], or 2019-ncov [2019 novel coronavirus]) has stressed the need for therapeutic alternatives to alleviate and stop this new epidemic. the previous epidemics of infections by high-morbidity human coronaviruses, such as sars-cov in 2003 and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012, prompted the cha ... | 2020 | 32152082 |
| serologic detection of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus functional antibodies. | we developed and validated 2 species-independent protein-based assays to detect middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus functional antibodies that can block virus receptor-binding or sialic acid-attachment. antibody levels measured in both assays correlated strongly with virus-neutralizing antibody titers, proving their use for serologic confirmatory diagnosis of middle east respiratory syndrome. | 2020 | 32150528 |
| demographic variations of mers-cov infection among suspected and confirmed cases: an epidemiological analysis of laboratory-based data from riyadh regional laboratory. | introduction. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first recognized in september 2012 in saudi arabia. the clinical presentations of mers and non-mers sari are often similar. therefore, the identification of suspected cases that may have higher chances of being diagnosed as cases of mers-cov is essential. however, the real challenge is to flag these patients through some demographic markers. the nature of these markers has not previously been investigated in saudi arabia, and hence, ... | 2020 | 32149148 |
| novel coronavirus 2019-ncov: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with sars-cov and mers-cov. | human infections with zoonotic coronavirus contain emerging and reemerging pathogenic characteristics which have raised great public health concern. this study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus, wuhan china (2019-ncov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection outbreaks. | 2020 | 32141570 |
| covid-19 (novel coronavirus 2019) - recent trends. | the world health organization (who) has issued a warning that, although the 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19) from wuhan city (china), is not pandemic, it should be contained to prevent the global spread. the covid-19 virus was known earlier as 2019-ncov. as of 12 february 2020, who reported 45,171 cases and 1115 deaths related to covid-19. covid-19 is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) virus in its pathogenicity, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology. comparison o ... | 2020 | 32141569 |
| influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea: serial cross-sectional surveys. | this study aimed to assess the affective and cognitive risk perceptions in the general population of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) during the 2015 mers coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea and the influencing factors. | 2020 | 32139484 |
| small molecule inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion by targeting cavities on heptad repeat trimers. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a newly emerging viral disease with fatal outcomes. however, no mers-cov-specific treatment is commercially available. given the absence of previous structure-based drug discovery studies targeting mers-cov fusion proteins, this set of compounds is considered the first generation of mers-cov small molecule fusion inhibitors. after a virtual screening campaign of 1.56 million compounds followed by cell-cell fusion assay and mers-cov plaqu ... | 2020 | 32126736 |
| in silico screening of chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus. | in this study we execute a rational screen to identify chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia. | 2020 | 32113846 |
| potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov): a systematic review. | rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) outbreak. it is timely to systematically review the potential of these interventions, including those for middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov, to guide policymakers globally on their prioritization of resources for research and development. a systematic search was carried out in three major elect ... | 2020 | 32110875 |
| the neuroinvasive potential of sars-cov2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of covid-19 patients. | following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named sars-cov-2 (previously known as 2019-ncov) emerged in december 2019 in wuhan, china, and rapidly spreads around the world. this virus shares highly homological sequence with sars-cov, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for sars-cov ... | 2020 | 32104915 |
| syndromic surveillance system for mers-cov as new early warning and identification approach. | this commentary presents a novel outlook for public health authorities in the affected countries to detect and respond quickly to the emerging public health threats such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). implementing an innovative electronic surveillance system called syndromic surveillance system is essential for global health security. | 2020 | 32104115 |
| nanoplasmonic on-chip pcr for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. | emerging molecular diagnosis requires ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on chip for rapid precise detection of infectious diseases in the point-of-care test. here, we report nanoplasmonic on-chip pcr for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. the nanoplasmonic pillar arrays (npa) comprise gold nanoislands on the top and sidewall of large-scale glass nanopillar arrays. the nanoplasmonic pillars enhance light absorption of a white light-emitting diode (led) over the whole visible range due ... | 2020 | 32101396 |
| the antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits rna-dependent rna polymerase from middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | antiviral drugs for managing infections with human coronaviruses are not yet approved, posing a serious challenge to current global efforts aimed at containing the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (cov-2). remdesivir (rdv) is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against rna viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov). rdv is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of rna-dependent r ... | 2020 | 32094225 |
| rigidity of the outer shell predicted by a protein intrinsic disorder model sheds light on the covid-19 (wuhan-2019-ncov) infectivity. | the world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across china and affecting at least 24 other countries. with almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 february 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, covid-19 is considered by the world health organization (who) to be a global health emergency. the speed of spread and infectivity of covid-19 (also known as wuhan-2019-ncov) are dramatical ... | 2020 | 32092911 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers' risk perceptions, work and personal lives. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continues to cause frequent outbreaks in hospitals in saudi arabia. since healthcare workers (hcws) have a higher risk of acquiring and spreading mers-cov, we aimed to evaluate the perceived risk and anxiety level of hcws in saudi arabia regarding mers. | 2019 | 32084023 |
| the effects of social media use on preventive behaviors during infectious disease outbreaks: the mediating role of self-relevant emotions and public risk perception. | while there has been increasing attention to the role of social media during infectious disease outbreaks, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which social media use affects risk perception and preventive behaviors during such outbreaks. using data collected during the 2015 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea, this study explores the relationships among social media use, risk perception, and preventive behaviors by examining t ... | 2020 | 32064932 |
| a realistic two-strain model for mers-cov infection uncovers the high risk for epidemic propagation. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe acute respiratory illness with a case fatality rate (cfr) of 35,5%. the highest number of mers-cov cases are from saudi-arabia, the major worldwide hotspot for this disease. in the absence of neither effective treatment nor a ready-to-use vaccine and with yet an incomplete understanding of its epidemiological cycle, prevention and containment measures can be derived from mathematical models of disease epidemiology. we construc ... | 2020 | 32059047 |
| overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses sars-cov, mers-cov, and 2019-ncov. | first reported from wuhan, the people's republic of china, on 31 december 2019, the ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) causes great global concerns. based on the advice of the international health regulations emergency committee and the fact that to date 24 other countries also reported cases, the who director-general declared that the outbreak of 2019-ncov constitutes a public health emergency of international concern on 30 january 2020. together with the other two highly patho ... | 2020 | 32056249 |
| does sars-cov-2 has a longer incubation period than sars and mers? | the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) since december 2019 in wuhan, the major transportation hub in central china, became an emergency of major international concern. while several etiological studies have begun to reveal the specific biological features of this virus, the epidemic characteristics need to be elucidated. notably, a long incubation time was reported to be associated with sars-cov-2 infection, leading to adjustments in screening and control policies. to avoid the risk of ... | 2020 | 32056235 |
| α-ketoamides as broad-spectrum inhibitors of coronavirus and enterovirus replication: structure-based design, synthesis, and activity assessment. | the main protease of coronaviruses and the 3c protease of enteroviruses share a similar active-site architecture and a unique requirement for glutamine in the p1 position of the substrate. because of their unique specificity and essential role in viral polyprotein processing, these proteases are suitable targets for the development of antiviral drugs. in order to obtain near-equipotent, broad-spectrum antivirals against alphacoronaviruses, betacoronaviruses, and enteroviruses, we pursued a struc ... | 2020 | 32045235 |
| identifying factors and target preventive therapies for middle east respiratory syndrome sucsibtable patients. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was identified in 2012 in saudi arabia. it is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. we identified factors associated with the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) infection among suspected cases presented with sign and symptoms of upper respiratory infection or exposure to the virus. we also looked at the impact of medication history on virus transmission. | 2020 | 32042254 |
| [potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus]. | the recent outbreak of respiratory illness in wuhan, china is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-ncov, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-ncov is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), g ... | 2020 | 32023685 |
| the novel coronavirus: a bird's eye view. | the novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) outbreak, which initially began in china, has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. with a death toll exceeding that of the sars-cov outbreak back in 2002 and 2003 in china, 2019-ncov has led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. herein, we present on an overview of the currently available information on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, c ... | 2020 | 32020915 |
| effect of isolation practice on the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among hemodialysis patients: a 2-year prospective cohort study. | hemodialysis (hd) patients had a high rate of infection transmission and mortality during the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in saudi arabia. a standardized guideline on isolation technique for exposed hd patients is not available. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different isolation strategies on the prevention of secondary viral transmission and clinical outcomes among exposed hd patients.during the 2015 mers-cov outbreak in korea, 116 patients ... | 2020 | 32011472 |
| finding equipoise: cepi revises its equitable access policy. | launched at davos in january 2017 with funding from sovereign investors and philanthropic institutions, the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) is an innovative partnership between public, private, philanthropic, and civil organisations whose mission is to stimulate, finance and co-ordinate vaccine development against diseases with epidemic potential in cases where market incentives fail. as of december 2019, cepi has committed to investing up to $706 million in vaccine develo ... | 2020 | 32005536 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) - surveillance and testing in north england from 2012 to 2019. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in saudi arabia in 2012 and caused an epidemic in the middle east. public health england (phe) manchester is one of the two phe centres in the uk that perform testing for mers-cov. the results of the phe manchester mers surveillance from 2012 to 2019 are presented in this report. | 2020 | 32004690 |
| the risk factors associated with mers-cov patient fatality: a global survey. | risk factors associated with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection outcome were established by analyses of who data from september 23, 2012 to 18 june 2018. of the 2220 reported cases, 1408 cases, including 451 mers-cov deaths, were analyzed. the case fatality rate was 32% (95% ci: 29.4-34.5). compared to mers patients ≤30 years old, those with >30 years had the adjusted odds ratio estimate for death of 2.38 [95% ci: 1.75-3.22]. this index was 1.43 [95% ci: 1.06-1.92] ... | 2020 | 31959375 |
| design, synthesis and molecular docking of novel triazole derivatives as potential cov helicase inhibitors. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) had emerged and spread because of the worldwide travel and inefficient healthcare provided for the infected patients in several countries. herein we investigated the anti-mers-cov activity of newly synthesized sixteen halogenated triazole compounds through the inhibition of helicase activity using the fret assay. all new compounds underwent justification for their target structures via microanalytical and spectral data. sar studies were per ... | 2020 | 31955138 |
| characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against mers-coronavirus spike protein. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe pulmonary infection, with ∼35 % mortality. spike glycoprotein (s) of mers-cov is a key target for vaccines and therapeutics because s mediates viral entry and membrane-fusion to host cells. here, four different s subunit proteins, receptor-binding domain (rbd; 358-606 aa), s1 (1-751 aa), s2 (752-1296 aa), and sδtm (1-1296 aa), were generated using the baculoviral system and immunized in mice to develop neutralizing antibodies. ... | 2020 | 31945421 |
| common co-morbidities are challenging in the diagnosis of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov) in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a relatively recent human disease reported initially in saudi arabia in september, 2012. morbidities investigation includes a process of excluding other possible options until certain suspected cases are confirmed. | 2020 | 31944070 |
| effect of information disclosure policy on control of infectious disease: mers-cov outbreak in south korea. | this study examined the effect of disclosing a list of hospitals with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) patients on the number of laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases in south korea. mers-cov data from 20 may 2015 to 5 july 2015 were from the korean ministry of health & welfare website and analyzed using segmented linear autoregressive error models for interrupted time series. this study showed that the number of laboratory-confirmed cases was increased by 9.632 on 5 june (p ... | 2020 | 31906369 |
| metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (mplex): a method that simultaneously inactivates middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and allows analysis of multiple host cell components following infection. | mass spectrometry (ms)-based, integrated proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics (collectively, multi-omics) studies provide a very detailed snapshot of virus-induced changes to the host following infection and can lead to the identification of novel prophylactic and therapeutic targets for preventing or lessening disease severity. multi-omics studies with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) are challenging as the requirements of biosafety level 3 containment limit the numbe ... | 2020 | 31883096 |
| development of a mouse-adapted mers coronavirus. | first identified in 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel virus that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), multiorgan failure, and death, with a case fatality rate of ~35%. an animal model that supports mers-cov infection and causes severe lung disease is useful to study pathogenesis and evaluate therapies and vaccines. the murine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) protein is not a functional receptor for mers-cov; thus, mice are resistant to mers-co ... | 2020 | 31883095 |
| genetically engineering a susceptible mouse model for mers-cov-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | since 2012, monthly cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continue to cause severe respiratory disease that is fatal in ~35% of diagnosed individuals. the ongoing threat to global public health and the need for novel therapeutic countermeasures have driven the development of animal models that can reproducibly replicate the pathology associated with mers-cov in human infections. the inability of mers-cov to replicate in the respiratory tracts of mice, hamsters, and fer ... | 2020 | 31883094 |
| evaluation of mers-cov neutralizing antibodies in sera using live virus microneutralization assay. | the microneutralization (mn) assay is a standard and important technique in virology, immunology, and epidemiology. it is a highly specific and sensitive assay for evaluating virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (nabs) in human and animal sera. it provides the most precise answer to whether or not an individual or animal has antibodies that can neutralize or inhibit the infectivity of a specific virus strain. however, using live virus-based mn assay might require working under high containment ... | 2020 | 31883091 |
| deducing the crystal structure of mers-cov helicase. | rna virus encodes a helicase essential for viral rna transcription and replication when the genome size is larger than 7 kb. coronavirus (cov) has an exceptionally large rna genome (~30 kb) and it encodes an essential replicase, the nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13), a member of superfamily 1 helicases. nsp13 is among the evolutionary most conserved proteins not only in covs but also in nidovirales. thus, it is considered as an important drug target. however, the high-resolution structure of cov ... | 2020 | 31883088 |
| biochemical characterization of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein proteolytic processing. | the coronavirus spike envelope glycoprotein is an essential viral component that mediates virus entry events. biochemical assessment of the spike protein is critical for understanding structure-function relationships and the roles of the protein in the viral life cycle. coronavirus spike proteins are typically proteolytically processed and activated by host cell enzymes such as trypsin-like proteases, cathepsins, or proprotein-convertases. analysis of coronavirus spike proteins by western blot a ... | 2020 | 31883085 |
| evaluating mers-cov entry pathways. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range. the extent of mers-cov in nature can be traced to its adaptable cell entry steps. the virus can bind host-cell carbohydrates as well as proteinaceous receptors. following receptor interaction, the virus can utilize diverse host proteases for cleavage activation of virus-host cell membrane fusion and subsequent genome delivery. the fusion and genome delivery steps can be completed at ... | 2020 | 31883084 |
| studying evolutionary adaptation of mers-cov. | forced viral adaptation is a powerful technique employed to study the ways viruses may overcome various selective pressures that reduce viral replication. here, we describe methods for in vitro serial passaging of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) to select for mutations which increase replication on semi-permissive cell lines as described in letko et al., cell rep 24, 1730-1737, 2018. | 2020 | 31883083 |
| ultra-rapid real-time rt-pcr method for detecting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus using a mobile pcr device, pcr1100. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus (mers-cov) is usually diagnosed through highly sensitive and specific genetic tests such as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). currently, two real-time rt-pcr assays targeting the upe and orf1a regions of the mers-cov genome are widely used, and these are the standard assays recommended by the world health organization (who). the mers outbreaks to date suggest that rapid diagnosis and subsequent isolation of inf ... | 2020 | 31875608 |
| diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and death among 32 patients with mers-cov infection, saudi arabia. | diabetes mellitus and hypertension are recognized risk factors for severe clinical outcomes, including death, associated with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. among 32 virus-infected patients in saudi arabia, severity of illness and frequency of death corresponded closely with presence of multiple and more severe underlying conditions. | 2020 | 31855530 |
| skp2 attenuates autophagy through beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces mers-coronavirus infection. | autophagy is an essential cellular process affecting virus infections and other diseases and beclin1 (becn1) is one of its key regulators. here, we identified s-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (skp2) as e3 ligase that executes lysine-48-linked poly-ubiquitination of becn1, thus promoting its proteasomal degradation. skp2 activity is regulated by phosphorylation in a hetero-complex involving fkbp51, phlpp, akt1, and becn1. genetic or pharmacological inhibition of skp2 decreases becn1 ubiquitina ... | 2019 | 31852899 |
| burden of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in saudi arabia. | mers-coronavirus infection is currently responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in saudi arabia. understanding its burden, as an emerging infectious disease, is vital for devising appropriate control strategies. in this study, the burden of mers-cov was estimated over 31months period from june 6, 2012 to january 5, 2015. the total number of patients was 835; 528 (63.2%) patients were male, 771 (92.3%) patients were ≥25 years of age, and 210 (25.1%) patients were healthcare workers. ... | 2020 | 31843650 |
| genetic diversity of mers-cov spike protein gene in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was primarily detected in 2012 and still causing disease in human and camel. camel and bats have been identified as a potential source of virus for disease spread to human. although, significant information related to mers-cov disease, spread, infection, epidemiology, clinical features have been published, a little information is available on the sequence diversity of spike protein gene. the spike protein gene plays a significant role in vi ... | 2020 | 31831395 |
| estimation of direct medical costs of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center retrospective chart review study. | among the countries affected by middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), saudi arabia was impacted the most, with 2,058 cases reported as of june 2019. however, the impact of the mers epidemic on the saudi economy is unknown. | 2019 | 31819541 |
| climate factors and incidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | our understanding of climate factors and their links to the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreaks is incomplete. this study aimed to estimate the monthly incidence of mers-cov cases and to investigate their correlation to climate factors. | 2020 | 31813836 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus seropositivity in camel handlers and their families, pakistan. | a high percentage of camel handlers in saudi arabia are seropositive for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. we found that 12/100 camel handlers and their family members in pakistan, a country with extensive camel mers-cov infection, were seropositive, indicating that mers-cov infection of these populations extends beyond the arabian peninsula. | 2019 | 31742530 |
| the global burden of premature mortality due to the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) using standard expected years of life lost, 2012 to 2019. | it has been 8 years since the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was reported in saudi arabia and the disease is still being reported in 27 countries; however, there is no international study to estimate the overall burden related of this emerging infectious disease. the present study was conducted to assess the burden of premature mortality due to middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) worldwide. | 2019 | 31727042 |
| inhibition of sars-cov 3cl protease by flavonoids. | there were severe panics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle-east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. therefore, researches targeting these viruses have been required. coronaviruses (covs) have been rising targets of some flavonoids. the antiviral activity of some flavonoids against covs is presumed directly caused by inhibiting 3c-like protease (3clpro). here, we applied a flavonoid library to systematically probe inhibitory compounds against sars-cov 3clpro. herbacetin, ... | 2020 | 31724441 |
| seroprevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in public health workers responding to a mers outbreak in seoul, republic of korea, in 2015. | | 2020 | 31720054 |
| epitope-based peptide vaccine design and target site depiction against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an immune-informatics study. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is the main cause of lung and kidney infections in developing countries such as saudi arabia and south korea. this infectious single-stranded, positive (+) sense rna virus enters the host by binding to dipeptidyl-peptide receptors. since no vaccine is yet available for mers-cov, rapid case identification, isolation, and infection prevention strategies must be used to combat the spreading of mers-cov infection. additionally, there is a despe ... | 2019 | 31703698 |
| amotosalen and ultraviolet a light efficiently inactivate mers-coronavirus in human platelet concentrates. | this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the intercept™ blood system [amotosalen/ultraviolet a (uva) light] to reduce the risk of middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) transmission by human platelet concentrates. | 2019 | 31696565 |
| epidemiological status of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019: an update from january 1 to march 31, 2019. | this study represents the current epidemiological status of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) worldwide in the first three months of 2019. | 2019 | 31692574 |
| engineering a novel antibody-peptide bispecific fusion protein against mers-cov. | in recent years, tremendous efforts have been made in the engineering of bispecific or multi-specific antibody-based therapeutics by combining two or more functional antigen-recognizing elements into a single construct. however, to the best of our knowledge there has been no reported cases of effective antiviral antibody-peptide bispecific fusion proteins. we previously developed potent fully human monoclonal antibodies and inhibitory peptides against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus ... | 2019 | 31690009 |
| risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in south korea. | in 2015, south korea experienced an outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and our hospital experienced a nosocomial mers infection. we performed a comprehensive analysis to identify the mers transmission route and the ability of our routine infection-prevention policy to control this outbreak. | 2019 | 31666061 |
| clinical outcomes among hospital patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. | mortality is high among patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. we aimed to determine hospital mortality and the factors associated with it in a cohort of mers-cov patients. | 2019 | 31640578 |
| generation of a nebulizable cdr-modified mers-cov neutralizing human antibody. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) induces severe aggravating respiratory failure in infected patients, frequently resulting in mechanical ventilation. as limited therapeutic antibody is accumulated in lung tissue following systemic administration, inhalation is newly recognized as an alternative, possibly better, route of therapeutic antibody for pulmonary diseases. the nebulization process, however, generates diverse physiological stresses, and thus, the therapeutic antibo ... | 2019 | 31614869 |
| nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses via aerosol-generating medical procedures. | recent nosocomial transmission events of emerging and re-emerging viruses, including ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, nipah virus, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, have highlighted the risk of nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses in health-care settings. in particular, concerns and precautions have increased regarding the use of aerosol-generating medical procedures when treating patients with such viral infections. in spite of increasing asso ... | 2019 | 31614743 |
| preparation of virus-like particle mimetic nanovesicles displaying the s protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus using insect cells. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) first emerged in 2012, and over 2000 infections and 800 deaths have been confirmed in 27 countries. however, to date, no commercial vaccine is available. in this study, structural proteins of mers-cov were expressed in silkworm larvae and bm5 cells for the development of vaccine candidates against mers-cov and diagnostic methods. the spike (s) protein of mers-cov lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains (sδtm) was secreted into the ... | 2019 | 31614169 |
| development of a recombinant replication-deficient rabies virus-based bivalent-vaccine against mers-cov and rabies virus and its humoral immunogenicity in mice. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging virus that causes severe disease with fatal outcomes; however, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific treatments against mers-cov. here, we developed a novel bivalent vaccine against mers-cov and rabies virus (rv) using the replication-incompetent p-gene-deficient rv (rvδp), which has been previously established as a promising and safe viral vector. mers-cov spike glycoprotein comprises s1 and s2 subunits, with ... | 2019 | 31589656 |
| evaluating the potential impact of targeted vaccination strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreaks in the healthcare setting. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) are two coronaviruses with demonstrated potential to generate significant nosocomial outbreaks. in particular, mers continues to pose a significant threat in the middle east since 2012. currently, no licensed vaccine or drug treatment is available to treat patients infected with either coronavirus. however, there are some mers vaccines in the preclinical stage of development. we sought to evaluate the potential ... | 2019 | 31587665 |
| activation of c-type lectin receptor and (rig)-i-like receptors contributes to proinflammatory response in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages. | human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) poses an ongoing threat to public health worldwide. the studies of mers patients with severe disease and experimentally infected animals showed that robust viral replication and intensive proinflammatory response in lung tissues contribute to high pathogenicity of mers-cov. we sought to identify pattern recognition receptor (prr) signaling pathway(s) that mediates the inflammatory cascade in human macrophages upon mers- ... | 2020 | 31562757 |
| vaccine against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | | 2019 | 31559955 |
| vaccine against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | | 2019 | 31559953 |
| structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the mers-cov s1-ntd. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged into the human population in 2012 and has caused substantial morbidity and mortality. potently neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (rbd) on mers-cov spike (s) protein have been characterized, but much less is known about antibodies targeting non-rbd epitopes. here, we report the structural and functional characterization of g2, a neutralizing antibody targeting the mers-cov s1 n-terminal domain (s1-ntd). st ... | 2019 | 31553909 |
| comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following mers-cov infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 in saudi arabia and has caused over 2400 cases and more than 800 deaths. epidemiological studies identified diabetes as the primary comorbidity associated with severe or lethal mers-cov infection. understanding how diabetes affects mers is important because of the global burden of diabetes and pandemic potential of mers-cov. we used a model in which mice were made susceptible to mers-cov by expressing human dpp4, and type 2 ... | 2019 | 31550243 |
| selection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus through a human synthetic fab phage display library panning. | since its first report in the middle east in 2012, the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) has become a global concern due to the high morbidity and mortality of individuals infected with the virus. although the majority of mers-cov cases have been reported in saudi arabia, the overall risk in areas outside the middle east remains significant as inside saudi arabia. additional pandemics of mers-cov are expected, and thus novel tools and reagents for therapy and diagnosis are ... | 2019 | 31544848 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus-encoded orf8b strongly antagonizes ifn-β promoter activation: its implication for vaccine design. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a causative agent of severe-to-fatal pneumonia especially in patients with pre-existing conditions, such as smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). mers-cov transmission continues to be reported in the saudi arabian peninsula since its discovery in 2012. however, it has rarely been epidemic outside the area except one large outbreak in south korea in may 2015. the genome of the epidemic mers-cov isolated from a korean p ... | 2019 | 31452044 |
| characteristics of flavonoids as potent mers-cov 3c-like protease inhibitors. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic virus transmitted between animals and human beings. it causes mers with high mortality rate. however, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available. since antiviral activity of some flavonoids is known, we applied a flavonoid library to probe inhibitory compounds against mers-cov 3c-like protease (3clpro). herbacetin, isobavachalcone, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside and helichrysetin were found to block the enzymatic activ ... | 2019 | 31436895 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, saudi arabia, 2017-2018. | we characterized exposures and demographics of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus cases reported to the saudi arabia ministry of health during july 1-october 31, 2017, and june 1-september 16, 2018. molecular characterization of available specimens showed that circulating viruses during these periods continued to cluster within lineage 5. | 2019 | 31430248 |
| recent advances in the vaccine development against middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a deadly viral respiratory disease caused by mers-coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. to date, there is no specific treatment proven effective against this viral disease. in addition, no vaccine has been licensed to prevent mers-cov infection thus far. therefore, our current review focuses on the most recent studies in search of an effective mers vaccine. overall, vaccine candidates against mers-cov are mainly based upon the viral spike (s) protein, due t ... | 2019 | 31428074 |
| transmissibility of mers-cov infection in closed setting, riyadh, saudi arabia, 2015. | to investigate a cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cases in a women-only dormitory in riyadh, saudi arabia, in october 2015, we collected epidemiologic information, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples, and blood samples from 828 residents during november 2015 and december 2015-january 2016. we found confirmed infection for 19 (8 by reverse transcription pcr and 11 by serologic testing). infection attack rates varied (2.7%-32.3%) by dormitory building. no deaths occurred. i ... | 2019 | 31423971 |
| dose-response and transmission: the nexus between reservoir hosts, environment and recipient hosts. | dose is the nexus between exposure and all upstream processes that determine pathogen pressure, and is thereby an important element underlying disease dynamics. understanding the relationship between dose and disease is particularly important in the context of spillover, where nonlinearities in the dose-response could determine the likelihood of transmission. there is a need to explore dose-response models for directly transmitted and zoonotic pathogens, and how these interactions integrate with ... | 2019 | 31401955 |
| the c-terminal domain of the mers coronavirus m protein contains a trans-golgi network localization signal. | coronavirus m proteins represent the major protein component of the viral envelope. they play an essential role during viral assembly by interacting with all of the other structural proteins. coronaviruses bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-golgi intermediate compartment (ergic), but the mechanisms by which m proteins are transported from their site of synthesis, the er, to the budding site remain poorly understood. here, we investigated the intracellular trafficking of the middle east resp ... | 2019 | 31399512 |
| ifn-i response timing relative to virus replication determines mers coronavirus infection outcomes. | type 1 ifns (ifn-i) generally protect mammalian hosts from virus infections, but in some cases, ifn-i is pathogenic. because ifn-i is protective, it is commonly used to treat virus infections for which no specific approved drug or vaccine is available. the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is such an infection, yet little is known about the role of ifn-i in this setting. here, we show that ifn-i signaling is protective during mers-cov infection. blocking ifn-i signaling res ... | 2019 | 31355779 |
| peptide-protein interaction studies of antimicrobial peptides targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein: an in silico approach. | there is no effective therapeutic or vaccine for middle east respiratory syndrome and this study attempts to find therapy using peptide by establishing a basis for the peptide-protein interactions through in silico docking studies for the spike protein of mers-cov. the antimicrobial peptides (amps) were retrieved from the antimicrobial peptide database (apd3) and shortlisted based on certain important physicochemical properties. the binding mode of the shortlisted peptides was measured based on ... | 2019 | 31354813 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an anti-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus dna vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus causes a highly fatal lower-respiratory tract infection. there are as yet no licensed mers vaccines or therapeutics. this study (wrair-2274) assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the gls-5300 mers coronavirus dna vaccine in healthy adults. | 2019 | 31351922 |
| a conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence. | coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded rna viruses that are distributed worldwide. they include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), many of which seriously endanger human health and well-being. only alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses harbor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), which performs multip ... | 2019 | 31350335 |