| identification of coronavirus sequences in carp cdna from wuhan, china. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-like coronavirus sequences were identified in two separate complementary dna (cdna) pools. the first pool was from a carassius auratus (crusian carp) cell line and the second was from ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) head kidney tissue. blast analysis suggests that these sequences belong to sars-like coronaviruses, and that they are not evolutionarily conserved in other species. investigation of the submitting laboratories revealed that two laboratori ... | 2020 | 32159234 |
| rapid random access detection of the novel sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) using an open access protocol for the panther fusion. | | 2020 | 32143123 |
| nonstructural proteins ns7b and ns8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-ncov. | the seventh novel human infecting betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-ncov) originated in wuhan, china. the evolutionary relationship between 2019-ncov and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. we sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-ncov with other species of orthocoronavirinae. a phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. a cluster tree was developed from the profil ... | 2020 | 32142938 |
| sars-cov-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. | the recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in china and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (s) proteins to cellular receptors and on s protein priming by host cell proteases. unravelling which cellular factors are used by sars-cov-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. here, we demonstrate that sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 32142651 |
| a systematic review of lopinavir therapy for sars coronavirus and mers coronavirus-a possible reference for coronavirus disease-19 treatment option. | in the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health. currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) from wuhan caused a worldwide panic. there are no specific antiviral therapies for covid-19. however, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) epidemics. we could learn from sars and mers. lopinavir (lpv) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of ... | 2020 | 32104907 |
| avnp2 protects against cognitive impairments induced by c6 glioma by suppressing tumour associated inflammation in rats. | glioblastoma is a kind of malignant tumour and originates from the central nervous system. in the last century, some researchers and clinician have noticed that the psychosocial and neurocognitive functioning of patients with malignant gliomas can be impaired. many clinical studies have demonstrated that part of patients, adults or children, diagnosed with glioblastoma will suffer from cognitive deficiency during their clinical course, especially in long-term survivors. many nanoparticles (nps) ... | 2020 | 32097763 |
| potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a sars coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody. | the newly identified 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) has caused more than 11,900 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 259 deaths, posing a serious threat to human health. currently, however, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. considering the relatively high identity of receptor-binding domain (rbd) in 2019-ncov and sars-cov, it is urgent to assess the cross-reactivity of anti-sars cov antibodies with 2019-ncov spike protein, which could have important implication ... | 2020 | 32065055 |
| novel coronavirus outbreak in wuhan, china, 2020: intense surveillance is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations. | the outbreak of pneumonia originating in wuhan, china, has generated 24,500 confirmed cases, including 492 deaths, as of 5 february 2020. the virus (2019-ncov) has spread elsewhere in china and to 24 countries, including south korea, thailand, japan and usa. fortunately, there has only been limited human-to-human transmission outside of china. here, we assess the risk of sustained transmission whenever the coronavirus arrives in other countries. data describing the times from symptom onset to ho ... | 2020 | 32054124 |
| the reproductive number of covid-19 is higher compared to sars coronavirus. | | 2020 | 32052846 |
| molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. | a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (2019-ncov) has recently been identified in patients with acute respiratory disease. this virus is genetically similar to sars coronavirus and bat sars-like coronaviruses. the outbreak was initially detected in wuhan, a major city of china, but has subsequently been detected in other provinces of china. travel-associated cases have also been reported in a few other countries. outbreaks in health care workers indicate human-to-human transmission. molecular t ... | 2020 | 32031583 |
| detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) by real-time rt-pcr. | the ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. | 2020 | 31992387 |
| molecular mechanism for antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus entry. | antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of viral entry has been a major concern for epidemiology, vaccine development, and antibody-based drug therapy. however, the molecular mechanism behind ade is still elusive. coronavirus spike protein mediates viral entry into cells by first binding to a receptor on the host cell surface and then fusing viral and host membranes. in this study, we investigated how a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab), which targets the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of middl ... | 2020 | 31826992 |
| sars-coronavirus open reading frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates nlrp3 inflammasomes. | the sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak was caused by a coronavirus (cov) named the sars-cov. sars pathology is propagated both by direct cytotoxic effects of the virus and aberrant activation of the innate immune response. here, we identify several mechanisms by which a sars-cov open reading frame (orf) activates intracellular stress pathways and targets the innate immune response. we show that orf8b forms insoluble intracellular aggregates dependent on a valine at residue 77. agg ... | 2019 | 31231549 |
| nucleoside analogues for the treatment of coronavirus infections. | recent outbreaks of sars-coronavirus and mers-coronavirus (cov) have heightened awareness about the lack of vaccines or antiviral compounds approved for prevention or treatment of human or potential zoonotic covs. anti-cov drug development has long been challenged by the activity of a 3' to 5' proofreading exoribonuclease unique to covs. recently, a promising nucleoside analogue with broad-spectrum activity against covs has been identified. this review will discuss progress made in the developme ... | 2019 | 31125806 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus orf3a protein activates the nlrp3 inflammasome by promoting traf3-dependent ubiquitination of asc. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is capable of inducing a storm of proinflammatory cytokines. in this study, we show that the sars-cov open reading frame 3a (orf3a) accessory protein activates the nlrp3 inflammasome by promoting tnf receptor-associated factor 3 (traf3)-mediated ubiquitination of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (asc). sars-cov and its orf3a protein were found to be potent activators of pro-il-1β gene transcri ... | 2019 | 31034780 |
| sars coronavirus protein nsp1 disrupts localization of nup93 from the nuclear pore complex. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a key factor in virus-induced down-regulation of host gene expression. in infected cells, nsp1 engages in a multipronged mechanism to inhibit host gene expression by binding to the 40s ribosome to block the assembly of translationally competent ribosome, and then inducing endonucleolytic cleavage and the degradation of host mrnas. here, we report a previously undetected mechanism by which nsp1 exploits the nuclear po ... | 2019 | 30943371 |
| bioaerosol sampling for respiratory viruses in singapore's mass rapid transit network. | as a leading global city with a high population density, singapore is at risk for the introduction of novel biological threats. this risk has been recently reinforced by human epidemics in singapore of sars coronavirus, 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus, and enterovirus 71. other major threats to singapore include mers-coronavirus and various avian and swine influenza viruses. the ability to quickly identify and robustly track such threats to initiate an early emergency response remains a sig ... | 2018 | 30504827 |
| the papain-like protease determines a virulence trait that varies among members of the sars-coronavirus species. | sars-coronavirus (cov) is a zoonotic agent derived from rhinolophid bats, in which a plethora of sars-related, conspecific viral lineages exist. whereas the variability of virulence among reservoir-borne viruses is unknown, it is generally assumed that the emergence of epidemic viruses from animal reservoirs requires human adaptation. to understand the influence of a viral factor in relation to interspecies spillover, we studied the papain-like protease (plp) of sars-cov. this key enzyme drives ... | 2018 | 30248143 |
| structurally- and dynamically-driven allostery of the chymotrypsin-like proteases of sars, dengue and zika viruses. | coronavirus 3c-like and flavivirus ns2b-ns3 proteases utilize the chymotrypsin fold to harbor their catalytic machineries but also contain additional domains/co-factors. over the past decade, we aimed to decipher how the extra domains/co-factors mediate the catalytic machineries of sars 3c-like, dengue and zika ns2b-ns3 proteases by characterizing their folding, structures, dynamics and inhibition with nmr, x-ray crystallography and md simulations, and the results revealed: 1) the chymotrypsin f ... | 2019 | 30217495 |
| genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel sars-like coronavirus in chinese bats. | sars coronavirus (sars-cov), the causative agent of the large sars outbreak in 2003, originated in bats. many sars-like coronaviruses (sl-covs) have been detected in bats, particularly those that reside in china, europe, and africa. to further understand the evolutionary relationship between sars-cov and its reservoirs, 334 bats were collected from zhoushan city, zhejiang province, china, between 2015 and 2017. pcr amplification of the conserved coronaviral protein rdrp detected coronaviruses in ... | 2018 | 30209269 |
| sars-coronavirus open reading frame-3a drives multimodal necrotic cell death. | the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe lung pathology that occurs during sars-cov infections remain incompletely understood. the largest of the sars-cov accessory protein open reading frames (sars 3a) oligomerizes, dynamically inserting into late endosomal, lysosomal, and trans-golgi-network membranes. while previously implicated in a non-inflammatory apoptotic cell death pathway, here we extend the range of sars 3a pathophysiologic targets by examining its effects on necrotic cell death ... | 2018 | 30185776 |
| cryo-em structure of the sars coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ace2. | the trimeric sars coronavirus (sars-cov) surface spike (s) glycoprotein consisting of three s1-s2 heterodimers binds the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and mediates fusion of the viral and cellular membranes through a pre- to postfusion conformation transition. here, we report the structure of the sars-cov s glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ace2 revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em). the complex structure shows that only one receptor-binding ... | 2018 | 30102747 |
| the impacts on health, society, and economy of sars and h7n9 outbreaks in china: a case comparison study. | epidemics such as sars and h7n9 have caused huge negative impacts on population health and the economy in china. | 2018 | 30050581 |
| disulfiram can inhibit mers and sars coronavirus papain-like proteases via different modes. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) emerged in southern china in late 2002 and caused a global outbreak with a fatality rate around 10% in 2003. ten years later, a second highly pathogenic human cov, mers-cov, emerged in the middle east and has spread to other countries in europe, north africa, north america and asia. as of november 2017, mers-cov had infected at least 2102 people with a fatality rate of about 35% globally, and hence there is an urgent need to identify antiv ... | 2018 | 29289665 |
| routes of transmission of influenza a h1n1, sars cov, and norovirus in air cabin: comparative analyses. | identifying the exact transmission route(s) of infectious diseases in indoor environments is a crucial step in developing effective intervention strategies. in this study, we proposed a comparative analysis approach and built a model to simulate outbreaks of 3 different in-flight infections in a similar cabin environment, that is, influenza a h1n1, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov), and norovirus. the simulation results seemed to suggest that the close contact route was ... | 2018 | 29244221 |
| cross-neutralization of sars coronavirus-specific antibodies against bat sars-like coronaviruses. | | 2017 | 29134417 |
| a novel chemical compound for inhibition of sars coronavirus helicase. | we have discovered a novel chemical compound, (e)-3-(furan-2-yl)-n-(4-sulfamoylphenyl) acrylamide, that suppresses the enzymatic activities of sars coronavirus helicase. to determine the inhibitory effect, atp hydrolysis and double-stranded dna unwinding assays were performed in the presence of various concentrations of the compound. through these assays, we obtained ic50 values of 2.09 ± 0.30 µm (atp hydrolysis) and 13.2 ± 0.9 µm (dna unwinding), respectively. moreover, we found that the compou ... | 2017 | 28910865 |
| modeling the structure of sars 3a transmembrane protein using a minimum unfavorable contact approach. | 3a is an accessory protein from sars coronavirus that is known to play a significant role in the proliferation of the virus by forming tetrameric ion channels. although the monomeric units are known to consist of three transmembrane (tm) domains, there are no solved structures available for the complete monomer. the present study proposes a structural model for the transmembrane region of the monomer by employing our previously tested approach, which predicts potential orientations of tm α-helic ... | 2015 | 32218650 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein using algan/gan high electron mobility transistors. | algan/gan high electron mobility transistors (hemts) were used to detect the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid protein interaction without fluorescent labeling. the detection limit in our system was approximately 0.003 nm of protein sample. our result showed that this technique was more competitive than isotope-labeling emsa. we demonstrated algan/gan was highly potential in constructing a semiconductor-based-sensor binding assay to extract the dissociation constants of nucleic acid-prote ... | 2013 | 32288936 |
| emerging viral infections in india. | despite an elaborate armamentarium to tackle microbes, emerging infectious diseases remain a crucial global challenge. emerging infections can be defined as "infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed previously but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range." several factors like increase in international travel and trade, human encroachment on wild-life habitats, changes in agricultural practices and wild-life trade have contributed to the emergence of pat ... | 2012 | 32226201 |
| quantitative and sensitive detection of sars coronavirus nucleocapsid protein using quantum dots-conjugated rna aptamer on chip. | background: globally, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is a newly emerging virus that causes sars with high mortality rate in infected people. the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is an important antigen for the early diagnosis of sars and the detection of diseases. here, a new quantum dots (qds)-conjugated rna aptamer with high sensitivity and rapidity is proposed for the detection of sars-cov n pr ... | 2011 | 32336860 |
| immunotherapy of sars based on combinations of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies. | evaluation of: coughlin mm, babcook j, prabhakar bs: human monoclonal antibodies to sars-coronavirus inhibit infection by different mechanisms. virology 394(1), 39-46 (2009). this work discusses passive immunotherapy based on neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with different mechanisms of action. the authors have demonstrated that combining such mabs, which target distinct epitopes, may greatly increase inhibition of virus infection and suppress the generation of neutralization esca ... | 2010 | 32201501 |
| parameter inference in small world network disease models with approximate bayesian computational methods. | small world network models have been effective in capturing the variable behaviour of reported case data of the sars coronavirus outbreak in hong kong during 2003. simulations of these models have previously been realized using informed "guesses" of the proposed model parameters and tested for consistency with the reported data by surrogate analysis. in this paper we attempt to provide statistically rigorous parameter distributions using approximate bayesian computation sampling methods. we find ... | 2010 | 32288082 |
| [occupationally acquired infections among health care workers: respiratory diseases]. | in some medical departments, healthcare workers (hcws) are at risk for aerogene transmitted infectious diseases. numerous fatal causalities were described in the international environment. for example fatal causalities during the sars-epidemic as well as cases of death caused by influenza. | 2009 | 32288301 |
| synthesis in escherichia coli cells and characterization of the active exoribonuclease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the nsp14 protein, an exoribonuclease of the dedd superfamily encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), was expressed in fusion with different affinity tags. the recombinant nsp14 proteins with either gst fusion or 6-histidine tag were shown to possess ribonuclease activity but nsp14 with a short mghhhhhhgs tag sequence at the n-terminus increased the solubility of nsp14 protein and facilitated the protein purification. mutations of the conserved residues of nsp14 resu ... | 2009 | 32214468 |
| fatalness of virus depends upon its cell fractal geometry. | why do more complex viruses (e.g., hiv, aids-virus and sars coronavirus) tend to be more fatal? the paper concludes that the cell fractal geometry of viruses is the key. this paper also suggests two possible new approaches using nanotechnology and temperature to cure or prevent virus infection. | 2008 | 32288359 |
| identification of phosphorylation sites in the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) of sars-coronavirus. | after decoding the genome of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov), next challenge is to understand how this virus causes the illness at molecular bases. of the viral structural proteins, the n protein plays a pivot role in assembly process of viral particles as well as viral replication and transcription. the sars-cov n proteins expressed in the eukaryotes, such as yeast and hek293 cells, appeared in the multiple spots on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2de), whereas the proteins expressed in e. coli sh ... | 2007 | 32288628 |
| bismuth complexes inhibit the sars coronavirus. | festgehalten: bismutkomplexe, darunter ranitidinbismutcitrat, inhibieren die nucleosidtriphosphat‐hydrolase‐ und dna‐entfaltungsaktivitäten der sars‐coronavirus(scv)‐helicase effektiv und reduzieren das ausmaß der scv‐replikation in infizierten zellen erheblich. es lohnt sich also, wirkstoffe auf bismutbasis für die behandlung von scv‐infektionen in vivo weiter zu untersuchen. ss=einzelstrang‐dna, ds=doppelstrang‐dna. | 2007 | 32313314 |
| dissection of sars coronavirus spike protein into discrete folded fragments. | the spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) mediates cell fusion by binding to target cell surface receptors. this paper reports a simple method for dissecting the viral protein and for searching for foldable fragments in a random but systematic manner. the method involves digestion by dnase i to generate a pool of short dna segments, followed by an additional step of reassembly of these segments to produce a library of dna fragments with random ends but con ... | 2006 | 32288412 |
| the renin-angiotensin system in acute respiratory distress syndrome. | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) counterbalances with ace and functions as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (ras). the importance of ras in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) has recently re-emerged owing to the identification of ace2 as a receptor for the sars-coronavirus. recent studies have demonstrated that ace2 protects mice from acute lung injury as well as sars-mediated lung injury. we review the role of the ras, in particular ace2, in the pathogenesis of ... | 2006 | 32288774 |
| absence of infection in asymptomatic contacts of index sars case in france. | the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in france was diagnosed in march 2003. we conducted a serological survey to assess whether or not asymptomatic persons who had been in contact with this patient during his infectious stage had been infected. they were interviewed and asked to provide a blood sample for sars coronavirus immunoglobulin g antibody testing. despite the likely high infectivity of the sars patient, no asymptomatic sars infection was found in any of the 37 cont ... | 2006 | 29208086 |
| an activated gops-poly-l-lysine- coated glass surface for the immobilization of 60mer oligonucleotides. | to explore a method for enhancing the immobilization and hybridization efficiency of oligonucleotides on dna microarrays, conventional protocols of poly-l-lysine coating were modified by means of surface chemistry, namely, the slides were prepared by the covalently coupling of poly-l-lysine to a glycidoxy-modified glass surface. the modified slides were then used to print microarrays for the detection of the sars coronavirus by means of 60mer oligonucleotide probes. the characteristics of the mo ... | 2005 | 32313546 |
| putative structure and function of orf3 in sars coronavirus. | based on molecular modeling techniques we constructed a rational 3d model of orf3 in sars coronavirus (sars-cov). our studies suggest that the function of orf3 could be involved in fad/nad binding according to its predicted structure and comparison with other structure neighbors. furthermore, we identified three pairs of non-canonical n-h⋯π interactions in the structure of orf3, which can make contributions to the stability of protein structure. these results provide important clues for better u ... | 2005 | 32287548 |
| synthetic studies towards anti-sars agents: application of an indium-mediated allylation of α-aminoaldehydes as the key step towards an intermediate. | ag7088 was identified as a good starting point for modification, leading to an efficient and bio-available inhibitor for the sars coronavirus main proteinase (sars-cov mpro). synthesis of intermediate 1 and analogues proceeded via a highly diastereoselective indium-mediated allylation of α-aminoaldehydes. | 2004 | 32287437 |
| molecular targets for the rational design of drugs to inhibit sars coronavirus. | despite years of research, the precise determinants of coronavirus replication and pathogenesis remain unidentified. what is known of the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is limited, but clinical observations suggest that both viral-induced cytotoxicity and host immune-mediated destruction contribute to the severity of disease. this summary discusses recent advances in coronavirus research that will facilitate the identification of crucial molecular ta ... | 2004 | 32288772 |
| discovery of anti-sars coronavirus drug based on molecular docking and database screening. | the active site of 3cl proteinase (3clpro) for coronavirus was identified by comparing the crystal structures of human and porcine coronavirus. the inhibitor of the main protein of rhinovirus (ag7088) could bind with 3clpro of human coronavirus, then it was selected as the reference for molecular docking and database screening. the ligands from two databases were used to search potential lead structures with molecular docking. several structures from natural products and acd-sc databases were fo ... | 2004 | 32313408 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in intensive care units (icus): limiting the risk to healthcare workers. | the global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) during the first half of 2003 resulted in over 8000 cases with more than 800 deaths. many of those who eventually died, did so in the critical (intensive) care units of various hospitals around the world, and many secondary cases of sars arose in healthcare workers looking after such patients in these units. research on sars coronavirus (sars cov) demonstrated that this virus belongs to the same family of viruses, the coronaviridae ... | 2004 | 32288321 |
| catalytic inactivation of sars coronavirus, escherichia coli and yeast on solid surface. | catalytic oxidation is a potential way to disinfect air through a air-condition system. we find that the sars coronavirus, bacteria and yeast are completely inactivated in 5 min on ag catalyst surface and in 20 min on cu catalyst surface at room temperature in air. scanning electron microscopy (sem) images show that the yeast cells are dramatically destructed on the ag/al2o3 and cu/al2o3 surfaces, which indicates that the inactivation is caused by catalytic oxidation rather than by toxicity of h ... | 2004 | 32288691 |
| a rate equation approach to model the denaturation or replication behavior of the sars coronavirus. | as a newly emerging virus, little is known about the sars coronavirus, whose outbreak has brought away several hundred people's lives over the world in the year of 2003 and is seriously imperiling the human health. revealing the denaturation and replication mechanisms of sars coronavirus has great importance for successfully fighting sars. however, experiments related to sars coronavirus are extremely dangerous and therefore restricted only to certain specific labs with high safety standard. cle ... | 2004 | 32287360 |
| identification of encoding proteins related to sars-cov. | by sampling 100 encoding proteins from sars-coronavirus (sars-cov, nc 004718) and other six coronaviruses and selecting 23 variables through stepwise multiple regression (smr) from 172 variables, the multiple linear regression (mlr) model was established with good results of the quantitative modelling correlation coefficient r2 = 0.645 and the cross-validation correlation coefficient rcv2 = 0.375. after removing 4 outliers, the quantitative modelling and cross-validation correlation coefficients ... | 2004 | 32214714 |
| genome sequence variation analysis of two sars coronavirus isolates after passage in vero cell culture. | sars coronavirus is an rna virus whose replication is error-prone, which provides possibility for escape of host defenses, and even leads to evolution of new viral strains during the passage or the transmission. lots of variations have been detected among different sars-cov strains. and a study on these variations is helpful for development of efficient vaccine. moreover, the test of nucleic acid characterization and genetic stability of sars-cov is important in the research of inactivated vacci ... | 2004 | 32214713 |
| design and application of 60mer oligonucleotide microarray in sars coronavirus detection. | the 60mer oligonucleotide microarray was designed and applied to detecting of sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus. thirty 60mer specific oligos were designed to cover the whole genome of the first submitted coronavirus strain, according to the sequence of tor2 (genebank accession: ay274119). these primers were synthesized and printed into a microarray with 12 ×12 spots. rnas were extracted from the throat swab and gargling fluid of sars patients and reverse-transcripted into the ... | 2003 | 32214700 |
| angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2) and its possible roles in hypertension, diabetes and cardiac function. | angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2) is a recently described homologue of the vasoactive peptidase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ace). like ace, ace2 is an integral (type i) membrane zinc metallopeptidase, which exists as an ectoenzyme. ace2 is less widely distributed than ace in the body, being expressed at highest concentrations in the heart, kidney and testis. ace2 also differs from ace in its substrate specificity, functioning exclusively as a carboxypeptidase rather than a peptidyl dipe ... | 2003 | 32214681 |
| angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2) and its possible roles in hypertension, diabetes and cardiac function. | angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2) is a recently described homologue of the vasoactive peptidase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ace). like ace, ace2 is an integral (type i) membrane zinc metallopeptidase, which exists as an ectoenzyme. ace2 is less widely distributed than ace in the body, being expressed at highest concentrations in the heart, kidney and testis. ace2 also differs from ace in its substrate specificity, functioning exclusively as a carboxypeptidase rather than a peptidyl dipe ... | 2003 | 32214680 |
| perspectives for the use of n-acetylcysteine as a candidate drug to treat covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has become an ongoing pandemic worldwide. however, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy. therefore, a remedial measure is urgently needed to combat with the devastating covid-19. the pharmacological activities of n-acetylcysteine (nac) and its potential functions in inhibiting the progression of covid19 make it a promising therapeutic agent in covid ... | 2020 | 33109047 |
| engineering a model to study viral infections: bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoids to defeat coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | while the number of studies related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is constantly growing, it is essential to provide a framework of modeling viral infections. therefore, this review aims to describe the background presented by earlier used models for viral studies and an approach to design an "ideal" tissue model for sars-cov-2 infection. due to the previous successful achievements in antiviral research and tissue engineering, combining the emerging techn ... | 2020 | 33089000 |
| sars-cov-2 testing for asymptomatic adult cancer patients before initiating systemic treatments: a systematic review. | cancer patients may have a higher risk of severe events and unfavourable outcomes in the setting of covid-19. this review addresses the question of whether to test asymptomatic cancer patients before initiating systemic cancer treatments. | 2020 | 33082850 |
| the role of dysregulated immune responses in covid-19 pathogenesis. | the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. it has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the most serious of which is the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). sars-cov-2 infection appears mild in infants and children, however, in adults, it can lead to serious consequences. in this review, we highlighted the diff ... | 2020 | 33069815 |
| covid-19 respiratory support in the emergency department setting. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), may result in severe complications, multiorgan dysfunction, acute respiratory failure, and death. sars-cov-2 is highly contagious and places healthcare workers at significant risk, especially during aerosol-generating procedures, including airway management. | 2020 | 33046288 |
| insights on sars-cov-2 molecular interactions with the renin-angiotensin system. | the emergence of sars-cov-2/human/wuhan/x1/2019, a virus belonging to the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and the recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) as a pandemic have highly increased the scientific research regarding the pathogenesis of covid-19. the renin angiotensin system (ras) seems to be involved in covid-19 natural course, since studies suggest the membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) works as sars-cov-2 cellular receptor. b ... | 2020 | 33042994 |
| dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the sars-cov-2 pandemic. | understanding the emergence of novel viruses requires an accurate and comprehensive annotation of their genomes. overlapping genes (olgs) are common in viruses and have been associated with pandemics but are still widely overlooked. we identify and characterize orf3d, a novel olg in sars-cov-2 that is also present in guangxi pangolin-covs but not other closely related pangolin-covs or bat-covs. we then document evidence of orf3d translation, characterize its protein sequence, and conduct an evol ... | 2020 | 33001029 |
| unraveling the possible routes of sars-cov-2 invasion into the central nervous system. | to describe the possible neuroinvasion pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) pandemic. | 2020 | 32994698 |
| creating and applying sir modified compartmental model for calculation of covid-19 lockdown efficiency. | we propose a susceptible-infected-recovered (sir) modified model for coronavirus disease - 2019 (covid-19) spread to estimate the efficacy of lockdown measures introduced during the pandemic. as input data, we used covid-19 epidemiological information collected in fifteen european countries either in private surveys or using official statistics. thirteen countries implemented lockdown measures, two countries (sweden, iceland) not. as output parameters, we studied herd immunity level and time of ... | 2020 | 32994671 |
| how to maintain elective treatment of breast cancer during the covid-19 pandemic-a cancer center experience. | | 2020 | 32989747 |
| covid-19: significance of antibodies. | the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has recently caused pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). considering the serious medical, economic and social consequences of this pandemic and the lack of definite medication and vaccine it is necessary to describe natural immune responses to the sars-cov-2 in order to exploit them for treating the patients and monitoring the general population. moreover, detecting the most immunogenic antigens of th ... | 2020 | 32986664 |
| targeting the endolysosomal host-sars-cov-2 interface by clinically licensed functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (fiasma) including the antidepressant fluoxetine. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a global health emergency. as only very limited therapeutic options are clinically available, there is an urgent need for the rapid development of safe, effective, and globally available pharmaceuticals that inhibit sars-cov-2 entry and ameliorate covid-19 severity. in this study, we explored the use of small compounds acting on the homeostasis of the endolysosom ... | 2020 | 32975484 |
| broadening our bandwidth: a multiple case report of expanded use of telehealth technology to perform wound consultations during the covid-19 pandemic. | managing patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic, and the associated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) in particular, required the nimble responsiveness for which woc nurses are known. problem-solving skills were needed to continue the level of woc nursing services expected by patients, families, and professional colleagues, while reducing the hours we were physically present at our clinical facility. in order to respond to these demand ... | 2020 | 32970030 |
| pregnancy and covid-19: pharmacologic considerations. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov2) pandemic has sparked controversy regarding the use of certain routine and investigational pharmacologic interventions during pregnancy and the postpartum period. in this review, we critically appraise guidance in regard to pharmacologic considerations unique to pregnant and lactating women with coronavirus disease (covid-19). we summarize the evidence, which supports the routine use of antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium su ... | 2020 | 32959455 |
| antibody-like proteins that capture and neutralize sars-cov-2. | to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and any unknown emerging pathogens in the future, the development of a rapid and effective method to generate high-affinity antibodies or antibody-like proteins is of critical importance. we here report high-speed in vitro selection of multiple high-affinity antibody-like proteins against various targets including the sars-cov-2 spike protein. the sequences of monobodies against the sars-cov-2 spike protein were succe ... | 2020 | 32948512 |
| coronavirus: a shift in focus away from ifn response and towards other inflammatory targets. | in the past two decades, two beta-coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and the middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov), have infected approximately 8000 and 2500 across the globe, respectively (de wit et al. 2016; amanat and krammer 2020). the current viral pandemic, caused by sars-cov-2, has already affected 4.23 m in less than a year. of greater concern, the disease caused by sars-cov-2, covid-19, still has a rapidly increasi ... | 2020 | 32922564 |
| chest ct accuracy in the diagnosis of sars-cov-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center. | to evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (ct) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection at a cancer center. | 2020 | 32904703 |
| coronavirus: a shift in focus away from ifn response and towards other inflammatory targets. | in the past two decades, two beta-coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and the middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov), have infected approximately 8000 and 2500 across the globe, respectively (de wit et al. 2016; amanat and krammer 2020). the current viral pandemic, caused by sars-cov-2, has already affected 4.23 m in less than a year. of greater concern, the disease caused by sars-cov-2, covid-19, still has a rapidly increasi ... | 2020 | 32895779 |
| the enigma of endothelium in covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has affected millions of people globally. clinically, it presents with mild flu-like symptoms in most cases but can cause respiratory failure in high risk population. with the aim of unearthing newer treatments, scientists all over the globe are striving hard to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of covid-19. several studies till date have indicated a dysregulated host immune res ... | 2020 | 32848893 |
| medicinal plants as sources of active molecules against covid-19. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or novel coronavirus (covid-19) infection has been declared world pandemic causing a worrisome number of deaths, especially among vulnerable citizens, in 209 countries around the world. although several therapeutic molecules are being tested, no effective vaccines or specific treatments have been developed. since the covid-19 outbreak, different traditional herbal medicines with promising results have been used alone or in ... | 2020 | 32848790 |
| low-cost polyester-tipped three-dimensionally printed nasopharyngeal swab for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | case identification, isolation, and contact tracing are fundamental strategies used to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). this has led to widespread testing that interrupted the supply chain for testing materials around the world. a prospective study was conducted to compare inexpensive and easily sourced 3-dimensionally (3d)-printed polylactic acid and polyester nasopharyngeal swabs to commercially manufactured swabs for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome ... | 2020 | 32817232 |
| epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (covid-19) cases at a screening clinic during the early outbreak period: a single-centre study. | introduction. coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory corona virus-2 (sars-cov-2). the disease was first identified in december 2019 in wuhan, the capital of china's hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019-2020 corona virus pandemic. sars-cov-2 is closely related to the original sars-cov. it is thought to have a zoonotic origin. the virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via ... | 2020 | 32783802 |
| sars-cov-2 detection in setting of viral swabs scarcity: are mrsa swabs and viral swabs equivalent? | the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) has resulted in unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems. one barrier to widespread testing has been a paucity of traditional respiratory viral swab collection kits relative to the demand. whether other sample collection kits, such as widely available mrsa nasal swabs can be used to detect sars-cov-2 is unknown. | 2020 | 32756602 |
| sars-cov-2 screening test for japanese returnees from wuhan, china, january 2020. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) was found to be the causative microorganism of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which started to spread in wuhan, china. this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of questionnaire, symptoms-based screening, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) screening of returnees from covid-19-endemic areas on a chartered flight, to examine the proportion of infected persons and the proportion of asymptomatic persons among infected per ... | 2020 | 32754627 |
| understanding genomic diversity, pan-genome, and evolution of sars-cov-2. | coronovirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection, which originated from wuhan, china, has seized the whole world in its grasp and created a huge pandemic situation before humanity. since december 2019, genomes of numerous isolates have been sequenced and analyzed for testing confirmation, epidemiology, and evolutionary studies. in the first half of this article, we provide a detailed review of the history and origin of covid-19, followed by the taxonomy, nomenclature and genome organization of its ... | 2020 | 32742815 |
| systematic review of changes and recovery in physical function and fitness after severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus infection: implications for covid-19 rehabilitation. | this review sought to (1) compare physical function and fitness outcomes in people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) with healthy controls, (2) quantify the recovery of physical function and fitness following sars-cov infection, and (3) determine the effects of exercise following sars-cov infection. | 2020 | 32737507 |
| sars-cov-2 and guillain-barré syndrome: molecular mimicry with human heat shock proteins as potential pathogenic mechanism. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome. we investigated here the potential mechanism underlying the virus-induced damage of the peripheral nervous systems by searching the viral amino acid sequence for peptides common to human autoantigens associated with immune-mediated polyneuropathies. our results show molecular mimicry between the virus and human heat shock proteins 90 and 60, which are associated with guillain-barré ... | 2020 | 32729001 |
| multimodality imaging in evaluation of cardiovascular complications in patients with covid-19: jacc scientific expert panel. | standard evaluation and management of the patient with suspected or proven cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome related-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), is challenging. routine history, physical examination, laboratory testing, electrocardiography, and plain x-ray imaging may often suffice for such patients, but given overlap between covid-19 and typical cardiovascular diagnoses such as heart failure and acute myo ... | 2020 | 32710927 |
| antibody responses to sars-cov-2 in healthy individuals returning to shenzhen. | to verify reliability of antibody detection and investigate population immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in the local chinese population. a cross-sectional study was conducted in shenzhen to detect anti-coronavirus antibodies including, immunoglobulin g (igg), immunoglobulin m (igm), and immunoglobulin a (iga). in the covid-19 group, nine patients were enrolled after diagnosis. in the control group, 1589 individuals without clinical symptoms (cough, ... | 2020 | 32710647 |
| the mechanistic rationale of drugs, primary endpoints, geographical distribution of clinical trials against severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2: a systematic review. | there are numerous ongoing studies assessing treatment options for preventing, treating, and managing complications of coronavirus disease-2019 disease. the objective of this study was to do a systematic review and critical appraisal of the ongoing clinical trials with an aim to provide insight into the various interventions tested, clinical rationale, geographical distribution of the trials as well as the endpoints assessed in the studies. clinicaltrials.gov, world health organization internati ... | 2020 | 32706390 |
| human sars-cov-2 has evolved to reduce cg dinucleotide in its open reading frames. | the outbreak of covid-19 has brought great threat to human health. its causative agent is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named sars-cov-2. here we report the discovery of extremely low cg abundance in its open reading frames. we found that cg reduction in sars-cov-2 is achieved mainly through mutating c/g into a/t, and cg is the best target for mutation. meanwhile, 5'-untranslated region of sars-cov-2 has high cg content and is capable of formin ... | 2020 | 32704018 |
| hydroxychloroquine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | | 2020 | 32702948 |
| a critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with covid-19. | those who are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 are theoretically at increased risk of venous thromboembolism during self-isolation if they have reduced mobility or are dehydrated. should patients develop coronavirus disease (covid-19) pneumonia requiring hospital admission for treatment of hypoxia, the risk for thromboembolic complications increases greatly. these thromboembolic events are the result of at least two distinct mechanisms - microvascular thrombo ... | 2020 | 32678949 |
| rapid sars-cov-2 whole-genome sequencing and analysis for informed public health decision-making in the netherlands. | in late december 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported linked to a market in wuhan, china1. the causative agent was identified as the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and was named sars-cov-2 (ref. 2). by 16 april the virus had spread to 185 different countries, infected over 2,000,000 people and resulted in over 130,000 deaths3. in the netherlands, the first case of sars-cov-2 was notified on 27 february. the outbreak started with s ... | 2020 | 32678356 |
| impact of covid-19 pandemic on treatment patterns in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. | the coronavirus pandemic has provoked discussions among healthcare providers how to manage cancer patients when faced with the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. immune checkpoint inhibitor (ici) containing regimens are standard of care in the majority of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccrcc) patients. it remains unclear whether therapies should be modified in response to the covid-19 pandemic. | 2020 | 32669298 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness of treatment options against sars-cov-2 infection. | treatment options for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) are limited with no clarity on efficacy and safety profiles. we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on patients ≥18 years reporting data on therapeutic interventions in sars-cov-2. primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes were rates of mechanical ventilation, viral clearance, adverse events, discharge, and progression to severe disease. pooled rates and odds rat ... | 2020 | 32667699 |
| characterization of heparin and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) spike glycoprotein binding interactions. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has resulted in a pandemic and continues to spread around the globe at an unprecedented rate. to date, no effective therapeutic is available to fight its associated disease, covid-19. our discovery of a novel insertion of glycosaminoglycan (gag)-binding motif at s1/s2 proteolytic cleavage site (681-686 (prrars)) and two other gag-binding-like motifs within sars-cov-2 spike glycoprotein (sgp) led us to hypothesize that host cell ... | 2020 | 32653452 |
| sars-cov-2 infection of primary human lung epithelium for covid-19 modeling and drug discovery. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is the latest respiratory pandemic resulting from zoonotic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). severe symptoms include viral pneumonia secondary to infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, in some cases causing death. we developed primary human lung epithelial infection models to understand responses of proximal and distal lung epithelium to sars-cov-2 infection. differentiated air-liquid inte ... | 2020 | 32637946 |
| analysis of sars-cov-2 rna-dependent rna polymerase as a potential therapeutic drug target using a computational approach. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) outbreak originating in wuhan, china, has raised global health concerns and the pandemic has now been reported on all inhabited continents. hitherto, no antiviral drug is available to combat this viral outbreak. | 2020 | 32635935 |
| vimentin as a multifaceted player and potential therapeutic target in viral infections. | vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays key roles in integration of cytoskeletal functions, and therefore in basic cellular processes such as cell division and migration. consequently, vimentin has complex implications in pathophysiology. vimentin is required for a proper immune response, but it can also act as an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases or as a damage signal. although vimentin is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, it can also appear at extracellular locations, eithe ... | 2020 | 32630064 |
| shotgun proteomics analysis of sars-cov-2-infected cells and how it can optimize whole viral particle antigen production for vaccines. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has resulted in a pandemic and is continuing to spread rapidly around the globe. no effective vaccine is currently available to prevent covid-19, and intense efforts are being invested worldwide into vaccine development. in this context, all technology platforms must overcome several challenges resulting from the use of an incompletely characterized new virus. these include finding the right conditions for virus amplification f ... | 2020 | 32619390 |
| critical role of type iii interferon in controlling sars-cov-2 infection in human intestinal epithelial cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is an unprecedented worldwide health problem that requires concerted and global approaches to stop the coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. although sars-cov-2 primarily targets lung epithelium cells, there is growing evidence that the intestinal epithelium is also infected. here, using both colon-derived cell lines and primary non-transformed colon organoids, we engage in the first comprehensive analysis of the sars-cov-2 lif ... | 2020 | 32610043 |
| effective inhibition of sars-cov-2 entry by heparin and enoxaparin derivatives. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a pandemic of historic proportions and continues to spread globally, with enormous consequences to human health. currently there is no vaccine, effective therapeutic or prophylactic. like other betacoronaviruses, attachment and entry of sars-cov-2 is mediated by the spike glycoprotein (sgp). in addition to its well-documented interaction with its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hace2), sgp has been f ... | 2020 | 32577638 |
| sars-cov-2: diagnostic and design conundrums in the context of male factor infertility. | the question of whether sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 [sars-cov-2], leading to the covid-19 infection) can be harboured in the testes and/or semen is currently unanswered. it is essential to understand the limitations of both antibody and real-time pcr tests in interpreting sars-cov-2 data in relation to analyses of semen and testicular tissue without appropriate controls. this article critically analyses the evidence so far on this, and the possible implica ... | 2020 | 32565229 |
| convergent antibody responses to sars-cov-2 in convalescent individuals. | during the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has led to the infection of millions of people and has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. the entry of the virus into cells depends on the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike (s) protein of sars-cov-2. although there is currently no vaccine, it is likely that antibodies will be essential for protection. however, little is known about the human antibody respons ... | 2020 | 32555388 |
| triage of critical care resources in covid-19: a stronger role for justice. | some ethicists assert that there is a consensus that maximising medical outcomes takes precedence as a principle of resource allocation in emergency triage of absolutely scarce resources. but the nature of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 pandemic and the history of debate about balancing equity and efficiency in resource allocation do not support this assertion. i distinguish a number of concerns with justice and balancing considerations that should play a rol ... | 2020 | 32546657 |