| the synthesis of hsps in sugar beet suspension culture cells under hyperthermia exhibits differential sensitivity to calcium. | experiments aimed at testing the effect of ca2+ on heat shock-induced changes in protein synthesis of cultured sugar beet cells were performed. heat shock inhibits the synthesis of non-heat shock proteins (non-hsps) and promotes the synthesis of a set of hsps. extracellular ca2+ appeared to be strictly required for the synthesis of non-hsps. calcium was found to differentially exert its effect on the hsp synthesis: calcium induced (96 and 76 kda), stimulated (94, 67, 58, 52, 32, 30, 26 and 22 kd ... | 1998 | 9678248 |
| cytoplasmic diversity in leaf beet cultivars as revealed by mitochondrial dna analysis. | mitochondrial (mt) dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms are convenient markers for identifying cytoplasmic variation among plant cultivars. in an attempt to detect new cytoplasmic genotypes useful for sugarbeet breeding, we have compared the hybridization patterns of mtdna from three groups of cultivated beets, viz. leaf beet, garden beet, and fodder beet. utilized as probes were the two sugarbeet mtdna clones that were capable of distinguishing normal fertile and different sources of m ... | 1998 | 9652232 |
| genetic relationships within the genus beta determined using both pcr-based marker and dna sequencing techniques. | the sequences of its1 of the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal dna from 11 species or subspecies in four sections of the genus beta were compared. phylogeny of these wild beet taxa was inferred from the sequence data using phenetic and phylogenetic analyses. multiple accessions from the same 11 taxa were subjected to random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, and the data were analysed phenetically. with both molecular techniques and each analysis, three distinctive ... | 1998 | 9650280 |
| nucleic acid and protein elimination during the sugar manufacturing process of conventional and transgenic sugar beets. | the fate of cellular dna during the standard purification steps of the sugar manufacturing process from conventional and transgenic sugar beets was determined. indigenous nucleases of sugar beet cells were found to be active during the first extraction step (raw juice production) which was carried out at 70 degrees c. this and the consecutive steps of the manufacturing process were validated in terms of dna degradation by competitive pcr of added external dna. each step of the process proved to ... | 1998 | 9608751 |
| glutamine synthetase isoenzymes, oligomers and subunits from hairy roots of beta vulgaris l. var. lutea. | a cytosolic and a plastidic isoenzyme of glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) were separated from hairy roots of beta vulgaris l. var. lutea. the predominant activity was that of cytosolic gs 1; the relative proportion of plastidic gs 2 activity changed, however, depending on the growth conditions. maximum activity of both isoenzymes was measured after growth with no3- as the major n-source. growth with nh4+ as the sole n-source or growth in constant darkness resulted in a significant decrease ... | 1998 | 9599808 |
| [alternative foods: a critical analysis of a proposal for nutritional intervention] | the nationwide use of a 'multimixture' a formula based on alternative foods such as rice and/or wheat bran, sesame and squash seeds, cassava, beet and carrot leaves, several indigenous leafy vegetables, and ground egg shells has been proposed by the national institute of food and nutrition (inan) as an official solution to fight hunger among poor brazilians. the fragile nutritional state of the target population may make technical or ethical questions appear purely academic, yet nutritional, tox ... | 1998 | 9592227 |
| isolation and structural characterisation of rhamnogalacturonan oligomers generated by controlled acid hydrolysis of sugar-beet pulp. | controlled acid hydrolysis was applied to a deesterified beet pulp and the resulting soluble fraction was fractionated on a biorad ag 1x8 column eluted by ammonium acetate ph 6 from 0.05 to 2 m. eight retained fractions were obtained, containing almost exclusively gala and rha. three types of oligomers could be identified: homogalacturonans, of which mono-,di- and tri-gala were isolated as individual components, and two series of rhamnogalacturonan (rg) oligomers. one rg oligomer, isolated after ... | 1997 | 9581279 |
| regulation of a plant plasma membrane sucrose transporter by phosphorylation. | the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (oa) either provided directly to sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaf discs or infiltrated in the leaf blade rapidly inhibited sucrose uptake. methyl okadaic acid, a biologically inactive analogue of oa, had only a marginal effect on uptake. oa inhibited proton-motive force-driven uptake of sucrose into plasma membrane vesicles, without affecting their proton permeability. oa did not significantly affect the amount of sucrose transporters present in t ... | 1998 | 9539143 |
| the plasma-membrane h(+)-atpase from beet root is inhibited by a calcium-dependent phosphorylation. | several plasma-membrane proteins from beet root (beta vulgaris l.) have been functionally incorporated into reconstituted proteoliposomes. these showed h(+)-atpase activity, measured both as atp hydrolysis and h+ transport. the proton-transport specific activity was 10 times higher than in plasma membranes, and was greatly stimulated by potassium and valinomycin. these proteoliposomes also showed calcium-regulated protein kinase activity. this kinase activity is probably due to a calmodulin-like ... | 1998 | 9530879 |
| agelastatins c and d, new pentacyclic bromopyrroles from the sponge cymbastela sp., and potent arthropod toxicity of (-)-agelastatin a. | two new agelastatins, c (3) and d (4), along with the known compound (-)-agelastatin a (1), were isolated from the indian ocean sponge cymbastela sp. the structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical correlation of 4 with a common derivative 5, also prepared from 1. agelastatin a (1) exhibited potent activity against brine shrimp (lc50 1.7 ppm) in addition to insecticidal activity against larvae of beet army worm, spodoptera exigua, and corn rootworm, diabrotica undec ... | 1998 | 9461668 |
| conformation of the 3'-end of beet necrotic yellow vein benevirus rna 3 analysed by chemical and enzymatic probing and mutagenesis. | secondary structure-sensitive chemical and enzymatic probes have been used to produce a model for the folding of the last 68 residues of the 3'-non-coding region of beet necrotic yellow vein benevirus rna 3. the structure consists of two stem-loops separated by a single-stranded region. rna 3-derived transcripts were produced containing mutations which either disrupted base pairing in the helices or maintained the helices but with alterations in the base pairing scheme. other mutants contained s ... | 1997 | 9365250 |
| regulatory sequences of arabidopsis drive reporter gene expression in nematode feeding structures. | in the quest for plant regulatory sequences capable of driving nematode-triggered effector gene expression in feeding structures, we show that promoter tagging is a valuable tool. a large collection of transgenic arabidopsis plants was generated. they were transformed with a beta-glucuronidase gene functioning as a promoter tag. three t-dna constructs, pgv1047, p delta gusbin19, and pmog553, were used. early responses to nematode invasion were of primary interest. six lines exhibiting beta-glucu ... | 1997 | 9437858 |
| mercury-induced conformational changes and identification of conserved surface loops in plasma membrane aquaporins from higher plants. topology of pmip31 from beta vulgaris l. | aquaporins are integral membrane proteins occurring in mammals, plants, and microorganisms, which serve as channels that permit the bidirectional passage of water through cellular membranes. higher plants contain abundant levels of aquaporins in both the tonoplast and plasma membrane. aquaporins contain six transmembrane segments with three surface loops located at the apoplastic face of the membrane and two loops at the cytosolic side. in this study, we probed the topology of plasma membrane aq ... | 1997 | 9388202 |
| oxidative cross-linking of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins. | monoclonal antibodies which recognize carbohydrate in arabinogalactan proteins (agps) have revealed that certain carbohydrate epitopes at the outer plasma membrane surface are developmentally regulated. some epitopes are expressed according to cell position, and agps are thought to play a role in cell-cell interaction during development. this study demonstrates that sugar beet plasma membranes contain two subfamilies of agps, with apparent molecular masses of 82 and 97 kda, and that each subfami ... | 1997 | 9418056 |
| comparison of elisa and rt-pcr for the detection of beet yellows closterovirus in plants and aphids. | a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to detect beet yellows closterovirus (byv) in plants and single aphids using primers spanning the conserved regions of the published sequences of the coat protein gene and open reading frames 7 and 8. three total rna extraction procedures were examined and all were found to produce rna of sufficient quality for rt-pcr, although the rna extraction kit supplied by flowgen was found to be the most versatile for the extraction ... | 1997 | 9395136 |
| kinetic analysis of ca2+/k+ selectivity of an ion channel by single-binding-site models. | current-voltage relationships of a cation channel in the tonoplast of beta vulgaris, as recorded in solutions with different activities of ca2+ and k+ (from johannes & sanders 1995, j. membrane biol. 146:211-224), have been reevaluated for ca2+/k+ selectivity. since conversion of reversal voltages to permeability ratios by constant field equations is expected to fail because different ions do not move independently through a channel, the data have been analyzed with kinetic channel models instea ... | 1997 | 9307443 |
| estimating genetic variation in sugar beets and wild beets using pools of individuals. | the study describes the genetic structure in sugar beets and in wild beets (beta vulgaris) using 30 rflp markers. samples consisting of pooled plant material of 100 individuals from each line and population were used to analyse 120 sugar beet breeding lines and 91 wild beet populations. greater variation was found among the wild populations than among the breeding lines. although the two major groups of breeding lines, monogerm and multigerm, had approximately equal amounts of genetic variation, ... | 1997 | 18464844 |
| de novo biosynthesis of volatiles induced by insect herbivory in cotton plants. | in response to insect feeding on the leaves, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants release elevated levels of volatiles, which can serve as a chemical signal that attracts natural enemies of the herbivore to the damaged plant. pulse-labeling experiments with [13c]co2 demonstrated that many of the volatiles released, including the acyclic terpenes (e,e)-[alpha]-farnesene, (e)-[beta]-farnesene, (e)-[beta]-ocimene, linalool, (e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (e/e)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tri ... | 1997 | 12223763 |
| changes in the level and activation state of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase during aging of red beet slices. | the effect of aging on the plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) parenchyma discs was analyzed in pm purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning. aging increased both the activity in the amount of immunodetectable h(+)-atpase in the pm. the activity assayed at slightly alkaline ph values increased earlier and more strongly than that assayed at acidic ph values, so that the ph curve of the enzyme from aged beet discs was shifted toward more alkaline values. aging decrease ... | 1997 | 9232872 |
| effect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men. | this study is aimed at investigating the effect of feeding a soluble or partly soluble fibre rich-diet on the apparent absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men, by using a chemical balance technique. | 1997 | 9192195 |
| cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding alpha-glucosidase from sugar beet. | a cdna encoding sugar beet alpha-glucosidase was cloned from a library constructed from mrna of suspension-cultured cells. the cdna, 3056 bp in length, had an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 913 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 102,078 da, included only one of four regions which were conserved in the alpha-amylase family of enzymes. the deduced amino acid sequence from the analysis of the cdna contained the sequences of the proteolysis peptides and the active site region ... | 1997 | 9178565 |
| genetic and chromosomal localization of the 5s rdna locus in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | a digoxigenin-labelled 5s rdna probe containing the 5s rrna gene and the adjacent intergenic spacer was used for in situ hybridization to metaphase and interphase chromosomes of a trisomic stock from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). three chromosomes of primary trisomic line iv (t. butterfass. z. bot. 52: 46-77. 1964) revealed signals close to the centromeres. polymorphisms of 5s rdna repeats in a segregating population were used to map genetically the 5s rrna genes within a cluster of markers in ... | 1997 | 18464815 |
| plant cell ph-static circuit mediated by fusicoccin-binding proteins. | on sugar beet protoplasts that carry two types of fusicoccin-binding sites, a ph downshift in a physiological range (7.0-6.6) markedly enhanced the efficiency of fusicoccin (fc) binding, mainly owing to increased avidity of low-affinity fc-binding sites. this may allow the fc-binding proteins to act as ph-sensitive modulators of cell activity, for instance, via plasma membrane h+-atpase or potassium channels. | 1997 | 9089279 |
| a family of differentially amplified repetitive dna sequences in the genus beta reveals genetic variation in beta vulgaris subspecies and cultivars. | members of a highly abundant restriction satellite family have been isolated from the wild beet species beta nana. the satellite dna sequence is characterized by a conserved rsai restriction site and is present in three of four sections of the genus beta, namely nanae, corollinae, and beta. it was not detected in species of the evolutionary old section procumbentes, suggesting its amplification after separation of this section. sequences of eight monomers were aligned revealing a size variation ... | 1997 | 9060397 |
| the beet yellows closterovirus p65 homologue of hsp70 chaperones has atpase activity associated with its conserved n-terminal domain but does not interact with unfolded protein chains. | the positive-strand rna genome of beet yellows closterovirus (byv) encodes a 65 kda protein (p65) related to the hsp70 family of cell chaperones. the full-sized byv p65, and n- and c-terminal fragments, with (his)6 tails, were overexpressed in bacteria and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the c-terminal fragment of p65, evidence was obtained for expression of the viral protein in planta. purified recombinant p65 and its n-terminal 40 kda fragm ... | 1997 | 9049401 |
| highly efficient induction of sugar beet plant regeneration. | a method for high-frequency in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from petiole explants of a tetraploid breeding line 405 of beta vulgaris l. was established. plant regeneration was obtained by direct bud formation from petioles. explants were precultured in a medium containing ms inorganic salts supplemented with gamborg's vitamins, named msb. adventitious shoots were developed when petiole explants excised from 20-30-day-old seedlings grown on msb containing 0.3 mg/l naphthalene acetic ... | 1997 | 9429780 |
| accumulation and distribution of free folic acid content in red beet (beta vulgaris l.). | among vegetable plants, red beet contains a relatively high level of the b vitamin folic acid. although many leafy green vegetables contain high levels of folic acid, red beet is consumed primarily as a root vegetable. folic acid levels have been quantified in various vegetable plants, but little information exists regarding the accumulation and distribution of this vitamin in plant tissues. the objective of this study was to characterize free folic acid content (ffac) in shoot and root tissue d ... | 1997 | 9198109 |
| isotope ratio mass spectrometric method for the on-line determination of oxygen-18 in organic matter. | a method for the on-line determination of oxygen-18, at a naturally occurring level, in organic material is presented. after pyrolysis of the samples to form carbon monoxide, which is performed at 1300 degrees c in a vitreous carbon tube, the pyrolysis products are transported by a stream of helium gas. using an open split, a small part of the effluent is transferred to the ion source of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. the ratio is obtained from a measurement of the ion current intensities a ... | 1997 | 9008872 |
| a novel chloride channel in vicia faba guard cell vacuoles activated by the serine/threonine kinase, cdpk. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) in higher plants contain a c-terminal calmodulin-like regulatory domain. little is known regarding physiological cdpk targets. both kinase activity and multiple ca2+-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in the control of stomatal guard cell movements. to determine whether cdpk or other protein kinases could have a role in guard cell signaling, purified and recombinant kinases were applied to vicia faba guard cell vacuoles during patch-clamp ... | 1996 | 8978683 |
| in planta 2,3,5 truodobenzoic acid treatment promotes high frequency and routine in vitro regeneration of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) plants. | the effect ofin planta treatments with auxin inhibitors such as 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid (tiba) on regeneration of plantsin vitro is not known. here, we show the beneficial effect of preconditioning sugarbeet plants in the greenhouse with tiba (3 mg/1) for efficientin vitro plant regeneration via a callus phase from cultured leaf explants. without this treatment, no shoot developed on the control leaf-calluses. several hundred plants were routinely regenerated using this protocol. more importan ... | 1996 | 24177540 |
| the strain-specific cis-acting element of beet curly top geminivirus dna replication maps to the directly repeated motif of the ori. | strains of beet curly top geminivirus (bctv) possess distinct cis- and trans-acting replication specificity elements which are not separately interchangeable among strains. analysis of the replication competency of chimeric bctv genomes, in which portions of the origin of dna replication (ori) were derived from heterologous bctv strains, have permitted identification of an essential cis-acting element governing strain-specific replication in a subgroup ii geminivirus. our studies indicate that t ... | 1996 | 8941329 |
| stomatal guard cells are totipotent. | it has been successfully demonstrated, using epidermis explants of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.), that stomatal guard cells retain full totipotent capacity. despite having one of the highest degrees of morphological adaptation and a unique physiological specialization, it is possible to induce a re-expression of full (embryogenic) genetic potential in these cells in situ by reversing their highly differentiated nature to produce regenerated plants via a callus stage. the importance of these find ... | 1996 | 12226426 |
| salt stress induces an increased expression of v-type h(+)-atpase in mature sugar beet leaves. | in the halotolerant sugar beet co-expression of v-atpase and a vacuolar na+/h(+)-antiporter provides a mechanism for vacuolar salt sequestration. to analyze salt-induced changes in the expression of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) a partial cdna of the proton-channel forming subunit c was cloned by rt-pcr. southern blot analysis indicated a small gene family. in control plants transcript levels were high in roots and young growing leaves but low in fully expanded leaves. in mature leaves sal ... | 1996 | 8980504 |
| ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast are regulated by a multi-ion single-file permeation mechanism. | ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast were studied using the patch-clamp technique. at micromolar concentrations of cytosolic calcium, several (at least four) distinct single-channel current levels were routinely identified. on the basis of channel voltage dependence, kinetic properties and conductance of single openings, the largest channel (103 +/- 2 ps in symmetric 150 mm kcl) corresponds to the slow vacuolar (sv) channel already identified by hedrich and neher (1987). the majority of th ... | 1996 | 8881028 |
| genetic mapping of genes for twelve nuclear-encoded polypeptides associated with the thylakoid membranes in beta vulgaris l. | thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts are composed of approx. 75 polypeptide species. nearly 60% originate in nuclear genes, the remainder in plastid genes. in order to localize representatives of the nuclear-encoded gene complement in a eukaryotic plant genome (sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.), we have investigated the rflp patterns of 21 cdnas from spinach that code for thylakoid proteins or proteins peripherally associated with thylakoid membranes. differences in gene dosage were noted between bot ... | 1996 | 8849689 |
| pharmacology of ca2+ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants. | cyclic adp-ribose (cadpr) is known to release ca2+ from plant vacuoles, implying that this nad+ metabolite may possess a second messenger role in plants. the degree to which the plant cadpr-gated ca2+ release mechanism resembles cadpr action in animals has been evaluated. cadpr-elicited ca2+ release from red beet microsomes was inhibited by 1 mm procaine but insensitive to heparin. furthermore, pre-release of ca2+ from red beet vesicles by either 5 mm caffeine or micromolar levels of ryanodine p ... | 1996 | 8849685 |
| exogenous jasmonates simulate insect wounding in tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum) in the laboratory and field. | wounding increases the levels and activities of several defense-related proteins in the foliage of the tomato plant,lycopersicon esculentum mill. evidence indicates that two of these responses, the systemic increases in polyphenol oxidase and proteinase inhibitors, are regulated by an octadecanoid-based signalling pathway which includes the wound hormone, jasmonic acid. it is not known whether other responses to wounding are also regulated by this same signalling pathway. in this paper, we show ... | 1996 | 24227107 |
| identification and characterization of an inducible nad(p)h dehydrogenase from red beetroot mitochondria. | exogenous nadh oxidation of mitochondria isolated from red beetroots (beta vulgaris l.) increased dramatically upon slicing and aging the tissue. anion-exchange chromatography of soluble fractions derived by sonication from fresh and aged beetroot mitochondria yielded three nadh dehydrogenase activity peaks. the third peak from aged beetroot mitochondria was separated into two activities by blue-affinity chromatography. one of these (the unbound peak) readily oxidized dihydrolipoamide, whereas t ... | 1996 | 12226415 |
| effect of autoclaving on dietary fibre content of beet root (beta vulgaris). evaluation by different methods. | modifications of dietary fibre in beet root during autoclaving have been evaluated by different methods: acid detergent (raw = 1.45%; processed = 1.17%) and neutral detergent (raw = 2.30%; processed = 2.00%), the enzymatic-gravimetric method of asp (raw = 3.35%; processed = 3.34%), hplc (raw = 1.42%; processed = 1.60%) and 3,5-dimethylphenol (raw = 0.36; processed = 0.28%). the correlation between different methodologies was studied. autoclaving was carried out at 121 degrees c under pressure fo ... | 1996 | 9123972 |
| a high efficiency technique for the generation of transgenic sugar beets from stomatal guard cells. | an optimized protocol has been developed for the efficient and rapid genetic modification of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). a polyethylene glycol-mediated dna transformation technique could be applied to protoplast populations enriched specifically for a single totipotent cell type derived from stomatal guard cells, to achieve high transformation frequencies. bialaphos resistance, conferred by the pat gene, produced a highly efficient selection system. the majority of plants were obtained within ... | 1996 | 9631066 |
| the physical and genomic organization of microsatellites in sugar beet. | microsatellites, tandem arrays of short (2-5 bp) nucleotide motifs, are present in high numbers in most eukaryotic genomes. we have characterized the physical distribution of microsatellites on chromosomes of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). each microsatellite sequence shows a characteristic genomic distribution and motif-dependent dispersion, with site-specific amplification on one to seven pairs of centromeres or intercalary chromosomal regions and weaker, dispersed hybridization along chromoso ... | 1996 | 8710945 |
| antiauxin enhanced microshoot initiation and plant regeneration from epicotyl-originated thin-layer explants of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.). | an in vitro method was developed for microshoot initiation from thin-layer explants prepared from the elongated epicotyls of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.). intact epicotyls of 14-day-old seedlings were excised from the hypocotyls above the cotyledons and allowed to elongate on de greef and jacobs (1979) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 6-benzyladenine, 0.2 mg/l gibberellic acid and 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid in darkness. after a 21-day-incubation, the elongated epicotyls were halved to obtain ... | 1996 | 24178223 |
| a high density rflp linkage map of sugar beet. | a high density sugar beet rflp map with an average distance of 1.5 cm between markers has been constructed. the map covers 621 cm and includes 413 markers distributed over the nine linkage groups of sugar beet. the map is based on two f2 populations representing two different pairs of parents. the two sets of data were integrated into a single map using 90 markers that were common to both data sets. the quality of the map was assessed in several ways. the common markers were used to investigate ... | 1996 | 18469923 |
| role of the plasma membrane h+-atpase in k+ transport. | the role of the plant plasma membrane h+-atpase in k+ uptake was examined using red beet (beta vulgaris l.) plasma membrane vesicles and a partially purified preparation of the red beet plasma membrane h+-atpase reconstituted in proteoliposomes and planar bilayers. for plasma membrane vesicles, atp-dependent k+ efflux was only partially inhibited by 100 [mu]m vanadate or 10 [mu]m carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. however, full inhibition of atp-dependent k+ efflux by these reag ... | 1996 | 12226357 |
| the effect of diet in late pregnancy on progesterone concentration and colostrum yield in ewes. | in the ewe, high level feeding is associated with low levels of circulating progesterone and that progesterone withdrawal is a prerequisite for lactogenesis and the onset of copious milk secretion. a total of 108 ewes was allocated to a 3 x 2 factorial experiment to determine the effect of diet on serum progesterone (p4) concentration and colostrum yield. on d 96 of pregnancy, the ewes were offered either grass silage, molassed sugar beet pulp (beet pulp) silage or grass silage supplemented with ... | 1996 | 16727893 |
| detection of added beet sugar in concentrated and single strength fruit juices by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr method): collaborative study. | a collaborative study of the site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr) method for detecting added beet sugar in fruit juices is reported. this method is complementary to the stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (scira) (aoac official methods 981.09 and 982.21), which can detect sugars derived from plants exhibiting c4 metabolism (corn and sugarcane). it is based on the fact that the deuterium content at specific positions of the sugar molecules is higher i ... | 2013 | 8757451 |
| transcriptional and post-translational control of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase by mechanical treatments. | the activity of the plant plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase was studied with fresh, cut or aged tissues of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves. the rate of acidification of the medium by tissue samples was strongly stimulated by ageing, but unaffected by cutting. the proton-pumping activity and the specific activity of the vanadate-sensitive atpase of purified pm vesicles prepared from aged tissues were much higher than that of fresh tissues, whereas cutting had no effect. yet, both ageing and c ... | 1996 | 8664320 |
| behavior of horses is affected by soy lecithin and corn oil in the diet. | to test the hypothesis that dietary fats may improve tractability of horses, the effects of four total mixed diets on behavior were compared. the control diet (con) contained chopped hay, corn, oats, beet pulp, molasses and a mineral mix; the three test diets contained an additional 10% (by weight) corn oil (co), soy lecithin-corn oil (sl-co), or soy lecithin-soy oil (sl-so). eight horses were fed each diet in random order for four 3-wk periods. behavior was observed during the last week of each ... | 1996 | 8791196 |
| characterization of chitinases able to rescue somatic embryos of the temperature-sensitive carrot variant ts 11. | to characterize the acidic endochitinase ep3, able to rescue somatic embryos of the carrot cell line ts11, the enzyme was purified from the medium of wild-type suspension cultures. peptide sequences, deduced amino acid sequences of corresponding pcr-generated cdna clones, serological relation and biochemical properties showed that there were at least five closely related chitinases, four of which could be identified as class iv ep3 chitinases with an apparent size of 30 kda. two other proteins w ... | 1996 | 8790295 |
| determination of fruit juice authenticity by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. | a method using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed to determine the addition of high-fructose syrup and beet or cane invert syrup to apple or orange juice. fingerprint oligosaccharides in these inexpensive sweeteners were not detectable (area < 1000) in pure apple or orange juice. one hundred twenty-three pure apple juice and 60 pure orange juice samples representing growing regions around the world were analyzed. ten samples were intentionally adulterated ... | 2008 | 8634542 |
| extraction and aphid transmission of beet western yellows luteovirus from air dried leaf tissue. | a protocol is described for the recovery of viable, aphid transmissible beet western yellows luteovirus from air-dried field material. the advantages of the protocol for long-term and cross-border field sampling are discussed. | 1996 | 8783167 |
| pesticide appliers, biocides, and birth defects in rural minnesota. | earlier studies by our group suggested the possibility that offspring of pesticide appliers might have increased risks of birth anomalies. to evaluate this hypothesis, 935 births to 34,772 state-licensed, private pesticide appliers in minnesota occurring between 1989 and 1992 were linked to the minnesota state birth registry containing 210,723 live births in this timeframe. the birth defect rate for all birth anomalies was significantly increased in children born to private appliers. specific bi ... | 1996 | 8732949 |
| rrna distribution during microspore development in anthers of beta vulgaris l. quantitative in situ hybridization analysis. | we related changes in the ultrastructural organization of the nucleoli with the results of quantitative in situ hybridizations to characterize rrna metabolism during the development of microspore mother cells in the sugar beet anther (beta vulgaris l.). in the course of meiotic prophase and early postmeiotic interphase the morphological characteristics of the nucleoli are typical of low or no transcriptional activity and a low rate of rrna processing. however, we found evidence of an apparent in ... | 1996 | 8718677 |
| reaction kinetics of the vacuolar h(+)-pumping atpase in beta vulgaris. | vacuolar-type h(+)-atpases (v-atpases) are ubiquitous in eukaryote endomembranes, where they are responsible for lumenal acidification. the ratios of h+ translocated per atp hydrolyzed (which may be important in controlling the activity of these pumps) have previously been found to be variable, noninteger and sensitive to cytosolic as well as lumenal ph. the mechanistic implications of these findings are explored here with reaction kinetics. experimental data for this analysis comprise supra- an ... | 1996 | 8661990 |
| the detection of somaclonal variants of beet using rapd. | plantlets were regenerated by adventitious shoot budding in tissue culture from leaf explants of a single genotype of sugar beet. dna was extracted from the parental plant and from 120 regenerants. rapd analysis was carried out using five decanucleotide primers; 4,557 rapd marker bands were examined and two polymorphisms were observed. thirty secondary regenerants were then derived, using the same tissue culture technique, from thirty of the primary regenerants. again rapd analysis was employed ... | 1996 | 24178456 |
| abundance and length polymorphism of microsatellite repeats in beta vulgaris l. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are known to exhibit high degrees of variability even among closely related individuals. their usage as nuclear genetic markers requires their conversion into sequence-tagged sites (stss). in this paper we present the development of simple sequences as stss for beta vulgaris. this species comprises wild, cultivated, and weedy forms; the latter are thought to originate from accidental hybridisation between the other two. two partial genomic libraries were screened w ... | 1996 | 24166253 |
| mold pectinase modified with dialdehyde derivatives of dextran and cellulose. | chemical modification of mold pectinase with dextran- and cellulose-dialdehydes was examined to improve the enzyme characteristics. the modified pectinase with dextran-dialdehyde retained about 50% of the original activity, and more than 80% of the total amino groups were modified. hplc gel filtration analysis showed an increase in molecular weight of the reaction product. reaction with cellulose-dialdehyde provided an immobilized form of pectinase. the immobilized pectinase was resistant to bot ... | 1996 | 27281140 |
| the ph requirement for in vivo activity of the iron-deficiency-induced "turbo" ferric chelate reductase (a comparison of the iron-deficiency-induced iron reductase activities of intact plants and isolated plasma membrane fractions in sugar beet). | the characteristics of the fe reduction mechanisms induced by fe deficiency have been studied in intact plants of beta vulgaris and in purified plasma membrane vesicles from the same plants. in fe-deficient plants the in vivo fe(iii)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic complex [fe(iii)-edta] reductase activity increased over the control values 10 to 20 times when assayed at a ph of 6.0 or below ("turbo" reductase) but increased only 2 to 4 times when assayed at a ph of 6.5 or above. the fe(iii)-edta redu ... | 1996 | 12226175 |
| the kinetics of n-ethylmaleimide inhibition of a vacuolar h+-atpase and determination of nucleotide dissociation constants. | all eukaryotic vacuolar (v-type) atpases share the property of being inhibited by low concentrations (1-2 [mu]m) if n-ethylmaleimide (nem). this distinguishes them from p-type atpases, which are inhibited by higher concentrations of nem (0.1-1 mm), and f-type atpases, which are virtually resistant to inhibition by nem. using tonoplast vesicles from beta vulgaris we have determined the kinetics of nem inactivation of the v-type atpase to be pseudo-first order. the concentration dependence of the ... | 1996 | 12226173 |
| imidacloprid insecticide soil metabolism in sugar beet field crops. | | 1996 | 9026154 |
| clastogenic activity of pure chlorophyll and anticlastogenic effects of equivalent amounts of crude extract of indian spinach leaf and chlorophyllin following dietary supplementation to mice. | dietary consumption of green vegetables has been associated with protection against mutagenic and clastogenic activity of genotoxicants. chlorophyll, being present in all green plants, had earlier been suggested to be the principal factor involved. mice were administered (i) crude aqueous extract of leaf of indian spinach, beta vulgaris l. var.benghalensis hort., and equivalent amounts of (ii) chlorophyll extracted from the leaf; (iii) purified chlorophyll, (iv) chlorophyllin, a sodium-copper de ... | 1996 | 8844993 |
| some preliminary results on the action of rhamnogalacturonase on rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharides from beet pulp. | sugar-beet pulp was saponified and then hydrolysed with 0.1 m hcl at 80 degrees c for 72 h, and a rhamnogalacturonan fraction was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on ag 1x8 resin. four individual oligomers, and a mixture of oligomers with higher degrees of polymerization, were obtained by chromatography on biogel p-4. they all presented the alpha-d-galap-(1[-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-d-galap -(1]n-->2)-l-rhap structure (with n > or = 2) the five fractions were submitted to hydrolysi ... | 1995 | 8789335 |
| host-specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes (cresson). | a water-extractable host recognition kairomone in frass of corn earworm,helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes cresson (braconidae: hymenoptera). in addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of frass from larvae of nonhost beet armywo ... | 1995 | 24233823 |
| mapping of a chloroplast rflp marker associated with the cms cytoplasm of sugar beet (beta vulgaris). | the owen cytoplasm of male-sterile sugar beet is associated with several alterations of mitochondrial dna and one additional hindiii site of chloroplast dna. the region of this hindiii site has been cloned and sequenced. the site maps in a small reading frame (orf32) close to the ycf7 (orf31) gene in the petg-psbe region of chloroplast dna. possible functional implications of the results are discussed. the chloroplast rflp marker described could be useful for studies on chloroplast-mitochondrial ... | 1995 | 24169966 |
| continuous versus discrete information processing in pattern recognition. | a discrete feature model (dfm) and the fuzzy logical model (flmp) were formulated to predict the distribution of rating judgments in a pattern recognition task. the distinction was between the spoken vowels /i/ and /i/, as in beet and bit. subjects were instructed to rate the vowel on a nine-point scale from /i/ to /i/. two features, the first formant frequency (f1) and the vowel duration, were orthogonally varied: the vowel /i/ has a lower (f1) and a longer duration compared to a somewhat highe ... | 1995 | 8525870 |
| a comparison of commercial fibre sources: barley bran, corn bran, orange fibre and sugar beet fibre. | | 1995 | 8549532 |
| purification and characterization of a novel aminopeptidase, plastidial alanine-aminopeptidase, from the cotyledons of etiolated sugar beet seedlings. | during prolonged dark growth of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) seedlings, etioplasts, rapidly after the proplastid-etioplast transition, undergo a degenerative process characterized by ultrastructural modifications, protein loss, and the decrease of carotenoid and chlorophyll accumulation upon illumination. two plastidial aminopeptidase activities were identified as early markers of this degenerative process (a. el amrani, i. couee, j.-p. carde, j.-p. gaudillere, p. raymond [1994] plant physiolog ... | 1995 | 12228582 |
| volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae. | volatile compounds elicited by insect herbivore feeding damage in five cotton cultivars and one naturalized cotton variety were examined by allowing beet armyworm larvae to feed overnight on leaves and collecting volatiles from the plants in situ. of 23 compounds identified from larval damaged leaves, terpenes and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase-derived volatiles predominated. no pronounced differences in the levels of volatile emission were noted from leaves of undamaged plants of the differen ... | 1995 | 24234527 |
| end-product control of carbon metabolism in culture-grown sugar beet plants (molecular and physiological evidence on accelerated leaf development and enhanced gene expression). | sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) seedlings were grown on media containing 90 to 300 mm sucrose or glucose. compared to controls, sugar-grown plants had higher growth rate, photosynthesis, and leaf sugar levels. the steady-state level of transcripts increased significantly for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) (rbcs) and the cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and moderately for the rubisco large subunit (rbcl). the transcript level of sucrose phosphate ... | 1995 | 12228569 |
| physical and gene organization of mitochondrial dna from the fertile cytoplasm of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.). | we have constructed a complete physical map of the mitochondrial genome from the male-fertile cytoplasm of sugarbeet. the entire sequence complexity can be represented on a single circular master chromosome of 358 kb. this master chromosome contains three copies of one recombinationally active repeat sequence, with two copies in direct orientation and the other in inverted orientation. the positions of the rrna genes and of 23 polypeptide genes, determined by filter hybridization, are scattered ... | 1995 | 8529269 |
| early iron deficiency stress response in leaves of sugar beet. | iron nutrient deficiency was investigated in leaves of hydroponically grown sugar beets (beta vulgaris) to determine how ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) gene expression is affected when thylakoid components of photosynthesis are diminished. rubisco polypeptide content was reduced by 60% in severely iron-stressed leaves, and the reduction was directly correlated to chlorophyll content. the concentration of rubisco protein in iron-stressed leaves was found to be regulated ... | 1995 | 7659749 |
| the consequences of fruit and vegetable fibre fermentation on their binding capacity for meiqx and the effects of soluble fibre sources on the binding affinity of wheat bran preparations. | fruits and vegetables provide dietary fibre some of which is partly soluble in the upper gut; in the colon it is highly fermentable. using alcohol-insoluble residues prepared from a range of fruits and vegetables the effects of fermentation on the changes in composition and binding capacity have been assessed for the hydrophobic mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (meiqx). fermentation was extensive and resulted in destruction of most of the pectic polysaccharides. of the unfer ... | 1995 | 7634394 |
| analysis of structure of sugar-beet pectin by enzymatic methods. | the structure of alkali-soluble pectin (asp) prepared from sugar-beet pulp was determined. asp was sequentially degraded by pure galactanase, rhamnogalacturonase and arabinosidase and sugar compositions and nmr analysis of the products used to assign the following tentative structure to asp: a backbone based on units of -->4)-alpha-d-galpa-(1--> 2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->, and side chains both of arabinan and of arabinogalactan. | 1995 | 7626265 |
| [composition, physico-chemical properties and molecular superstructure of dietary fiber preparations of the cellan type]. | dietary fiber preparations of "cellan" type were prepared from apples, white cabbage, sugar beet pulp, soy hulls and wheat bran by treatment with amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes as well as by chemical extractions. scanning electron microscopic examinations show different morphological structures of the preparations and a high maintenance of native biomolecular superstructure. the content of pectin, protein, polysaccharide-hexoses and -pentoses and the composition of monosaccharides (also afte ... | 1995 | 7571866 |
| lumenal calcium modulates unitary conductance and gating of a plant vacuolar calcium release channel. | the patch clamp technique has been used to investigate ion permeation and ca(2+)-dependent gating of a voltage-sensitive ca2+ release channel in the vacuolar membrane of sugar beet tap roots. reversal potential measurements in bi-ionic conditions revealed a sequence for permeability ratios of ca2+ approximately sr2+ approximately ba2+ > mg2+ > k+ which is inversely related to the size of the unitary conductances k+ > mg2+ approximately ba2+ > sr2+ approximately ca2+, suggesting that ion movement ... | 1995 | 7473690 |
| the voltage-gated ca2+ release channel in the vacuolar membrane of sugar beet resides in two activity states. | the voltage-gated ca2+ release channel in the vacuolar membrane of sugar beet tap roots resides in two states which show similar reversal potentials in biionic conditions but differ dramatically in their single channel current and open frequency. state i has a unitary ca2+ conductance of 3.9 +/- 0.5 ps and channel openings are rare at vacuolar resting potentials. after spontaneous and reversible transition into state ii the unitary ca2+ conductance increases three-fold, accompanied by a concomit ... | 1995 | 7774705 |
| cloning and expression analysis of sucrose-phosphate synthase from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | a cdna clone encoding a sucrose-phosphate synthase from sugar beet (bvsps 1) has been isolated by screening a tap root-specific cdna library using a heterologous sps cdna from spinach. the 3635 bp sugar beet cdna codes for a 1045 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 118 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence of sugar beet sps shows homologies with sps from maize (71% identity) and spinach (77% identity). genomic southern blot analysis suggests that bvsps 1 is a low-copy-number ... | 1995 | 7770061 |
| altered physicochemical characteristics of polyethylene glycol linked beet stem oxalate oxidase. | oxalate oxidase (ec 1.2.3.4), obtained from the beet stem, was covalently linked to polyethylene glycol (peg). compared with native enzyme, the modified oxalate oxidase exhibited decreased electrophoretic mobility, increased storage stability, higher thermal stability, and resistance to heavy metal inactivation and proteolytic digestion. the chemical modification of oxalate oxidase with peg also brought about a marked shift in its optimal ph, from ph 4.5 to 6.5, without altering its michaelis co ... | 1995 | 18623309 |
| release of ca2+ from individual plant vacuoles by both insp3 and cyclic adp-ribose. | calcium mobilization from intracellular pools couples many stimuli to responses in plant cells. cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cadpr), which interacts with a ryanodine receptor in certain animal cells, was shown to elicit calcium release at the vacuolar membrane of beet storage root. the vacuolar calcium release pathway showed similarities to cadpr-gated calcium release in animal cells, including inhibition by ruthenium red, ryanodine activation, and high affinity for cadpr [michaelis cons ... | 1995 | 7732384 |
| three polygalacturonases constitutively synthesized by aspergillus alliaceus. | of three molecular forms of polygalacturonases synthesized by aspergillus alliaceus on glucose media, two were exopolygalacturonases (exopg1 and exopg2) and one was an endopolygalacturonase (endopg). low-methoxylated beet pectin was the preferred substrate for the endopg and exopg2 whereas pectic acid was the optimal substrate for exopg1. the highest activities of endopg, exopg1 and exopg2 were at ph 5.5, 3.5, and 6.0 and at 35, 45 to 50 and 35°c, respectively. disks of potato-tuber tissue were ... | 1995 | 24414660 |
| isolation and characterization of rapd-based markers linked to the beet cyst nematode resistance locus (hs1 (pat-1)) on chromosome 1 of b. patellaris. | a beet cyst nematode (bcn)-resistant telosomic addition of b. patellaris chromosome 1 in b. vulgaris was used to isolate 6 rapd markers linked to the bcn resistance locus hs1 (pat-1). southern analysis showed that the analyzed rapd products contain either low-, middle or high-repetitive dna. the relative positions of the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers and of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) loci corresponding to the low-repetitive rapd products were determined ... | 1995 | 24172934 |
| characterization of the red beet plasma membrane h+-atpase reconstituted in a planar bilayer system. | the transport activity of the red beet (beta vulgaris l.) plasma membrane h+-atpase was examined following reconstitution into a planar bilayer membrane. fusion of partially purified plasma membrane h+-atpase with the bilayer membrane was accomplished by perfusion of proteoliposomes against the bilayer under hypoosmotic conditions. following incorporation into the bilayer, an atp-dependent current was measured that demonstrated properties consistent with those of the plasma membrane h+-atpase. c ... | 1995 | 12228483 |
| plasma membrane intrinsic proteins of beta vulgaris l. | the plasma membrane (pm) of higher plants contains numerous proteins; however, due to their low abundance, only a few have been identified and characterized by direct biochemical approaches. the major intrinsic protein (mip) family is a class of highly hydrophobic integral membrane proteins thought to function as channels that facilitate the passage of water, small solutes, and possibly other moieties through the membrane. a family of pm intrinsic proteins was purified and characterized from pm ... | 1995 | 7784509 |
| atp, ph and mg2+ modulate a cation current in beta vulgaris vacuoles: a possible shunt conductance for the vacuolar h(+)-atpase. | macroscopic instantaneous and time-dependent currents have been measured in the vacuolar membrane of beta vulgaris using a patch clamp configuration analogous to whole cell mode. at low cytosolic ca2+ and in the absence of mg2+, only an instantaneous current was observed. this current is carried predominantly by cations (pk:pcl 7:1, pna:pcl 4:1 and arginine is also conducted). the instantaneous current can be activated by atp4- (e.g., atp-activated mean k+ current density was -20 ma.m-2 at a mem ... | 1995 | 7636887 |
| chronic and postprandial responses of plasma insulin, glucose and lipids in volunteers given dietary fibre supplements. | we questioned whether a dietary fibre supplement known to lower fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations can also lower the postprandial plasma cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations when it is administered just before a meal. two studies were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers of both sexes in whom the fasting plasma total cholesterol concentrations were above normal. in the first study the dietary fibre treatments (2.2 g) were psyllium and a psyllium-citrus pectin mixture to ... | 1995 | 7626592 |
| computer-assisted identification of protoplasts responsible for rare division events reveals guard-cell totipotency. | with the use of a computer-controlled microscope system to assist in the positioning and rapid relocation of large numbers of cultured cells, we were able to identify those protoplasts with the capacity to divide within a highly recalcitrant culture in which only a tiny fraction of the total population proceeds to produce viable microcalli. in the cultures used, comprising beta vulgaris l. (sugar beet) leaf protoplasts, it was confirmed that these cells can be recognized solely on the basis of m ... | 1995 | 12228442 |
| leaf phosphate status, photosynthesis, and carbon partitioning in sugar beet (iv. changes with time following increased supply of phosphate to low-phosphate plants). | changes in photosynthesis, carbon partitioning, and growth following resupply of orthophosphate (pi) to moderately p-deficient plants (low-p) were determined for sugar beets (beta vulgaris l. cv f58-554h1) cultured hydroponically in growth chambers. one set of plants was supplied with 1.0 mm pi in half-strength hoagland solution (control plants), and a second set (low-p plants) was supplied with 0.05 mm pi. at the end of 2 weeks, the low-p plants were resupplied with 1.0 mm pi. low-p plants rapi ... | 1995 | 12228438 |
| purification and properties of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from beet leaves. | we have purified to homogeneity 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from leaves of silver beet (beta vulgaris l.) by means of cation-exchange and affinity chromatography. the enzyme is a homodimer of 52 kda subunits; it catalyzes nadp dependent oxidation of 6-p-gluconate with michaelian substrate saturation. the activity is affected by some intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, particularly erythrose-4-p. subcellular fractionation studies indicate the cytosolic location of the enzyme. | 1995 | 7773202 |
| chemical modification and amino acid sequence of active site in sugar beet alpha-glucosidase. | the modification of amino acid residues in sugar beet alpha-glucosidase with conduritol b epoxide (cbe), an affinity labeling reagent, inactivated the enzyme. the inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. the enzyme was protected from inactivation by a competitive inhibitor, tris, and the partially inactivated enzymes showed only the decrease of v values and no change in km value. an 3h-cbe labeled peptide isolated from the digest of the inactivated enzyme with lys-c protease was sequen ... | 1995 | 7766184 |
| an extended map of the sugar beet genome containing rflp and rapd loci. | an updated map of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris var 'altissima doell') is presented. in this genetic map we have combined 248 rflp and 50 rapd loci. including the loci for rhizomania resistance rr1, hypocotyl colour r and the locus controlling the monogerm character m, 301 loci have now been mapped to the nine linkage groups covering 815 cm. in addition, the karyotype of some of the beta vulgaris chromosomes has been correlated with existing rflp and rapd linkage maps. | 1995 | 24173890 |
| carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient interactions in beta vulgaris l. as influenced by nitrogen source, no3- versus nh4+ | sugar beets (beta vulgaris l. cv f58-554h1) were grown hydroponically in a 16-h light, 8-h dark period (photosynthetic photon flux density of 0.5 mmol m-2 s-1) for 4 weeks from sowing in half-strength hoagland nutrient solution containing 7.5 mm nitrate. half of the plants were then transferred to 7.5 mm ammonium n; the rest remained in solution with 7.5 mm nitrate n. upon transfer from nitrate to ammonium, the total n concentration decreased sharply in the fibrous roots and petiole/midribs and ... | 1995 | 12228383 |
| characteristics of sucrose transport and sucrose-induced h+ transport on the tonoplast of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue. | sucrose-induced changes of the energization state of the red beet root (beta vulgaris l. ssp. conditiva) vacuolar membrane were observed with the fluorescent dyes 6-chloro-9-{[4-(diethylamino)- 1-methylbutyl]-amino}-2-methoxyacridine dihydrochloride, as a ph monitor, and 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (acma). consequently, transient acidification of the surrounding suspension medium could be measured with a ph electrode. this signal was specific for suc and was not seen for sorbitol, mannito ... | 1995 | 12228372 |
| a recombinational event in the history of luteoviruses probably induced by base-pairing between the genomes of two distinct viruses. | alignments of luteovirus readthrough protein amino acid sequences show they consist of two distinct regions, here named the n domain and the c domain. n domain sequences were classified, and comparison of this gene phylogeny to phylogenies of other luteovirus genes revealed an anomaly in the relationships between beet western yellows luteovirus, cucurbit aphidborne yellows luteovirus (cabyv), and pea enation mosaic rna1 (pemv1). together with alignments of virion protein and readthrough protein ... | 1995 | 7856086 |
| the chloroplast trnp-trnw-petg gene cluster in the mitochondrial genomes of beta vulgaris, b. trigyna and b. webbiana: evolutionary aspects. | the chloroplast trnp-trnw-petg gene cluster has been identified in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of sugar beet (beta vulgaris). the chloroplast-derived trnw gene is transcribed in the mitochondria; the other two genes, however, do not seem to be transcribed. this gene cluster is also present in the mitochondrial genomes of two wild beta species, b. trigyna and b. webbiana. sugar beet and the two wild relatives share 100% sequence identity in the coding regions of both the mitochondrial trnp and ... | 1995 | 7736615 |
| in vitro development from leaf explants of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l). rhizogenesis and the effect of sequential exposure to auxin and cytokinin. | adventitious root development in lamina and midrib-petiole junction expiants of sugar beet cv. primo was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. primordia developed close to the vascular strands and areas of newly dividing cells (meristematic centres) were seen adjacent to the intrafascicular cambium after 2 d incubation on medium containing 30 mg 1(-1)1-naphthalene acetic acid. clearly defined primordia were visible at 4 d and the first roots had emerged by 6 d. a ... | 1995 | 21247910 |
| integrating low water potential seed hydration with other treatments to improve cold tolerance. | matriconditioning improved the performance of pepper, tomato, sweet corn, snap bean, table beet, sugar beet and watermelon seeds in early field plantings at suboptimal temperatures (averaged over 10 d after planting) ranging from 12 to 18 °c. reduction in the time to 50% (t(50)) emergence in conditioned seeds ranged from 0·6 d in watermelon to 3·3 d in pepper and improvement in emergence from 10% in sugar beet to 30% in table beet. further improvement in emergence occurred by inclusion of pestic ... | 1995 | 21247908 |
| detection of dna adducts in declining hop plants grown on fields formerly treated with heptachlor, a persistent insecticide. | hop decline was observed in alsace, eastern france, in reparcelled sugar beet fields formerly abundantly treated with an insecticide, heptachlor. leaves were collected from 'declining hops' grown in an heptachlor-contaminated area and from 'healthy hops' grown in a soil not contaminated by heptachlor. these two samples came from hop vines treated with other usual pesticides. 'control' hop leaves came from soil neither treated with pesticide nor contaminated with heptachlor. hypermodified nucleot ... | 1995 | 15091476 |
| a proline-rich chitinase from beta vulgaris. | a gene (ch1) encoding a novel type of chitinase was isolated from beta vulgaris. the ch1 protein consists of an n-terminal hydrophobic prepeptide of 25 amino acids followed by a hevein-like domain of 22 amino acid residues, an unusually long proline-rich domain of 131 amino acid residues with 90 prolines, and finally a catalytic domain of 261 amino acid residues. proteins with similar proline-rich domains are present in some other plants. the ch1 gene shows a transient expression in response to ... | 1995 | 7865792 |
| isolation and expression analysis of cdna clones encoding a small and a large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from sugar beet. | the cdna cloning of a small and a large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) from sugar beet is reported. the deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous to previously identified agpase polypeptides from other plant species. both subunits are encoded by low copy genes. when rna gel blot experiments were performed, strongest expression was detected in sink and source leaves of greenhouse-grown sugar beet plants. a lower expression was found in other tissues tested, i.e. in the ... | 1995 | 7865789 |
| identification of potential redox-sensitive cysteines in cytosolic forms of fructosebisphosphatase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. | tertiary-structure modeling suggests the occurrence of disulfide bonds in the cytosolic form of fructose-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.). redox modulation could then control the amp sensitivity of fructosebisphosphatase in the cytosol, as suggested by the experiments of e. khayat et al. (1993, plant physiol. 101, 57-64). modeling also reveals two cysteine residues correctly positioned to form a disulfi ... | 1995 | 7767233 |