| pharmacological properties of a potent and selective nonpeptide substance p antagonist. | we describe here the pharmacological properties of rp 67580 [(3ar,7ar)-7,7-diphenyl-2-[1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] perhydroisoindol-4-one], a nonpeptide antagonist of substance p (sp). in vitro, the compound was found to inhibit in a competitive manner (ki = 4.16 +/- 0.59 nm) [3h]sp binding to neurokinin receptors type 1 (nk1 receptors) in rat brain membranes. contractions induced by sp and septide (a selective nk1 agonist) in guinea pig ileum were competitively inhibited by rp 67580 (pa2 ... | 1991 | 1719549 |
| comparative behavioral and neurochemical studies with striatal kainic acid- or quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. | in the present studies the effects of kainic acid (ka)- or quinolinic acid (qa)-induced striatal lesions were compared in different behavioral tests in rats. both ka- and qa-lesioned animals had ipsilateral barrel-rotation (br). the ka-lesioned rats, however, had contralateral, while the qa-lesioned rats had both ipsi- and contralateral turning activity. the ka-lesioned animals showed increased open-field activity as well as increased percentage of entries, and time spent in the open arms of mon ... | 1991 | 1719569 |
| decrease of duodenal calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance p-like immunoreactivity in rat duodenal ulcers. | we have investigated the endogenous levels of duodenal calcitonin gene-related peptide- (cgrp) and substance p- (sp) like immunoreactivity (li) following the induction of duodenal ulcers in rats. using three duodenal ulcerogens, namely cysteamine, dulcerozine or mepirizole given in a single oral dose, a decrease of duodenal cgrp-li and sp-li was observed. time-relationship studies of this phenomenon show that cgrp-li and sp-li were decreased concomitantly to the formation of gastroduodenal ulcer ... | 1991 | 1719774 |
| distribution of substance p and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human liver: light and electron immunoperoxidase methods of observation. | the localization of substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) in 12 normal human liver tissues was examined by light and electron immunohistochemistry using immunoperoxidase methods. sp and vip immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed around portal veins, bile ducts, and hepatic arteries in portal areas, along sinusoids and hepatocytes in hepatic lobules, and around central veins. more sp and vip immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the portal areas than in other regions. ... | 1991 | 1719804 |
| effects of substance p and sp(1-7) on dopamine release from rat substantia nigra. | | 1991 | 1719889 |
| effects of serotonin and opioid agonists on tachyphylaxis to sp-induced vasodilatation. | | 1991 | 1719893 |
| sp immunoreactivity in the dental pulp and periodontium during tooth movement. | | 1991 | 1719901 |
| immunochemical characterization of sp processing intermediates in sensory ganglia. | | 1991 | 1719907 |
| serotonin innervation affects sp biosynthesis in rat neostriatum. | | 1991 | 1719910 |
| enzymic synthesis of 1-o-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-d-glucose. purification of the enzyme from zea mays, and preparation of antibodies to the enzyme. | the enzyme indol-3-ylacetylglucose synthase (udp-glucose:indol-3-ylacetate beta-d-glucosyltransferase) catalyses the reaction: [formula: see text] this is the first step in the series of reactions leading to the indol-3-ylacetic acid conjugates found in maize. previous attempts to purify this enzyme from the liquid endosperm of kernels of zea mays (sweet corn) were not entirely successful owing to the lability of partially purified preparations during column chromatography. thus this enzyme has ... | 1991 | 1719957 |
| potent anti-inflammatory action of calcitonin gene-related peptide. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), but not substance p (sp), was found to inhibit edema-promoting actions of inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrine b4, 5-hydroxytryptamine) in vivo in the hamster cheek pouch, human skin, and rat paw. the effect of cgrp was present in the low nanomolar dose range, and it was mimicked by activation of sensory nerves with capsaicin which caused release of endogenous cgrp-like immunoreactivity (ir). the findings provide new information on the potential i ... | 1991 | 1719983 |
| peptidergic nerve terminals associated with the central lacteal lymphatics in the ileal villi of dogs. | nerve fibers in the villi of the canine ileum were studied with special reference to their relation to the central lacteal. immunohistochemically demonstrable nerve fibers containing substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) were rather more numerous in the villi of the ileum than in those of the duodenum, as observed in our previous study (ichikawa et al., 1991). they were distributed beneath the epithelium and associated with smooth muscle fibers. besides these localizations, ... | 1991 | 1720009 |
| differential effect on neuropeptide release of different concentrations of hydrogen ions on afferent and intrinsic neurons of the rat stomach. | in the muscle layer of the glandular portion of the rat stomach, in vivo capsaicin pretreatment markedly reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (cgrp-li) but did not affect substance p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li). accordingly, in vitro superfusion of slices of this tissue with capsaicin (10 mumol/l) released cgrp-li but not sp-li, whereas both neuropeptides were released by 80 mmol/l k+. exposure to relatively low-ph (ph 6) physiological salt solution induced an increase ... | 1991 | 1720105 |
| bacterial metabolism of 3-chloroacrylic acid. | two bacterial strains were isolated with 3-chloroacrylic acid (caa) as sole source of carbon and energy. strain caa1, a pseudomonas cepacia sp., was capable of growth with only the cis-isomer of caa. strain caa2, a coryneform bacterium, utilized both isomers of caa as sole source of carbon and energy. strain caa1 contained cis-caa hydratase and strain caa2 contained two hydratases, one with cis-caa hydratase activity and one with trans-caa hydratase activity. the product of the hydratase activit ... | 1991 | 1720168 |
| identification of a plant-derived mollicute as a strain of an avian pathogen, mycoplasma iowae, and its implications for mollicute taxonomy. | strain ppav, a filamentous but nonhelical mollicute, was isolated from aborted apple seeds in france in late 1979. this organism grew well in sp-4 broth, fermented glucose, and required sterol for growth, and most of its properties suggested that it belonged to the genus mycoplasma. however, it was serologically distinct; in addition, unlike other mycoplasma species, genome measurements consistently yielded values of about 1,000 mda (ca. 1,500 kbp), and the organism had a growth temperature opti ... | 1991 | 1720652 |
| [recent advances in the research on histamine release]. | an increase in inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (ip3) formation in rat mast cells precedes an elevation in intracellular ca2+ levels, which triggers the process(es) leading to histamine release. by means of a transmission electron microscope, it was revealed that when permeabilized mast cells were exposed to potassium antimonate, antimonate precipitates in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) in the form of calcium antimonate, indicating that the er is the intracellular ca store in rat mast cells. ip3 a ... | 1991 | 1720758 |
| substance p: a neurogenic mediator of acute cellular inflammation in the dog? | substance p (sp) is a neuropeptide that has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation. sp has been shown to activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) as well as other inflammatory cells. the present study investigated the direct stimulatory and priming effects of sp on canine pmn aggregation and migration. direct stimulation of cell migration by sp was present at an unphysiologically high concentration of the mediator. however, when micromolar concentrations of sp ... | 1991 | 1720820 |
| pharmacological evaluation of the angiotensin, kinin, and neurokinin receptors on the rabbit vena cava. | angiotensin ii, bradykinin, and substance p are powerful vasoconstrictors of venous smooth muscle. in this report, we have characterized the receptors and the cellular mechanisms of these vasoactive peptides on a new isolated smooth muscle preparation, the rabbit vena cava. receptors were characterized using agonists and antagonists and were found to be of the at, b2, and nk-1 types. the myotropic responses of the vein to kcl was completely abolished in calcium-free medium; in the presence of ni ... | 1991 | 1720840 |
| site-directed mutagenesis and dna sequence of pcka of rhizobium ngr234, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: gluconeogenesis and host-dependent symbiotic phenotype. | we have cloned and sequenced the pcka gene of rhizobium sp. ngr234, a broad host-range strain. the gene encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis. the locus was isolated and subcloned from a genomic library of ngr234 employing hybridization with an r. meliloti pck gene probe and complementation of a tn5 mutant in this species. the dna sequence of pcka (ngr234) was determined and encoded a pepck protein of 535 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58.4 kd ... | 1991 | 1720862 |
| ultrastructural identification of trigeminal nerve terminals in the pterygopalatine ganglion of rats: an anterograde tracing and immunohistochemical study. | trigeminal nerve terminals in the rat pterygopalatine ganglion (ppg) were ultrastructurally identified using anterograde tracing with phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (pha-l). electron microscopic immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in nerve terminals of the ppg. adjacent to the rostral part of the ppg an additional minor area was described. perikarya in this minor rostral part were more spherical and had irre ... | 1991 | 1720994 |
| developmental alterations in nociceptive threshold, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance p, and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase in neonatally capsaicin-treated rats. | this study examined the effect of neonatal administration of capsaicin on nociceptive threshold and the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p (sp), and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (frap) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord during the course of development (10 days to 12 weeks of age) in the rat. as early as 10 days of age, cgrp-like immunoreactivity was reduced in laminae i, ii, and v, as well as in the bundles of fibers situated dorsal and ventral to the ... | 1991 | 1721077 |
| stereospecific effects of a nonpeptidic nk1 selective antagonist, cp-96,345: antinociception in the absence of motor dysfunction. | cp-96,345 has been identified as being a highly selective, nonpeptidic agent with subnanomolar affinity for the nk1 receptor. in the present study, we observed that pre but not posttreatment with this agent will produce depression in the second, but not the first phase of the agitation behavior induced by the injection of formalin into a rat's hindpaw. this effect is monotonically dose dependent after intrathecal (10-200 micrograms/10 microliters) or systemic (1-15 mg/kg, ip) administration. eve ... | 1991 | 1721102 |
| autotomy and decreased spinal substance p following peripheral cryogenic nerve lesion. | cryotherapy has been clinically applied to relieve pain by blocking peripheral nerve function. clinically, analgesia has been successfully achieved but there is suggestion that permanent pain relief may be accompanied by extended motor and sensory deficits. this study was undertaken to determine the effect of a peripheral cryogenic nerve lesion, i.e., of the sciatic nerve, on behavioral effects and substance p content in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. in rats, the right sciatic nerve was ex ... | 1991 | 1721566 |
| involvement of substance p in hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal galanin. | previously we have demonstrated that an intrathecal injection of galanin (gal) decreases the nociceptive threshold for mechanical stimulation without effect on thermal nociceptive responses. the present experiments were conducted to determine whether substance p (sp) would be involved in such a decrease in the nociceptive threshold produced by gal. an intrathecal injection of anti-sp monoclonal antibody inhibited the nociceptive threshold-decreasing effect of intrathecal gal (0.1 nmol/rat). this ... | 1991 | 1722032 |
| naloxone blocks conditioned place preference induced by substance p and [pglu6]-sp(6-11). | the effect of prior treatment with the opioid receptor (opioceptor) antagonist naloxone on conditioned place preference produced by the neurotachykinin substance p (sp) and its c-terminal hexapeptide analog [pglu6]-sp(6-11) (spc) was investigated in rats. place conditioning was assessed using a circular open field partitioned into four quadrants that were equally preferred by the rats prior to drug treatment. on three successive days, rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone ... | 1991 | 1722047 |
| trigeminal facial pain: a model of peptides and monoamines in intracerebral cerebrospinal fluid. | a biochemical model of chronic trigeminal facial pain with elevated substance p (sp) and co-dysfunctional dopamine (da), norepinephrine (ne) and purinergic systems is proposed. the serotonergic system is hypoactive as judged by low 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5him). in distinction, intracerebral opioids may not be dysfunctional in facial pain as measured by normal levels of beta endorphin (be). the neuropeptides somatostatin (som), cholecystokinin (cck), met and leu-enkephalin (menk, lenk) have ... | 1991 | 1722075 |
| binding sites for [3h][sar9, met(o2)11]substance p in rat brain and guinea pig ileum. | [3h][sar9,met(o2)11]substance p (sp) with high specific activity (32 ci/mmol) was used to study neurokinin-1 (nk-1) binding sites on rat brain and smooth muscle membranes of the guinea pig ileum. the specific binding of [3h][sar9,met(o2)11]sp was shown to be saturable, reversible and increased in parallel with the protein concentration. scatchard analyses of equilibrium binding experiments revealed that [3h][sar9,met(o2)11]sp binds to a class of non-interacting binding sites in rat brain membran ... | 1991 | 1722129 |
| reflex responses of laryngeal and pharyngeal submucosal glands in dogs. | in dogs tracheal secretion is enhanced reflexly and by locally acting mediators such as substance p (sp). to evaluate the role of these mechanisms on submucosal gland secretion in the larynx (l) and pharynx (ph), we compared the effects of mechanical stimulation of intrapulmonary irritant receptors and stimulation of pulmonary c-fiber receptors by capsaicin (20 micrograms/kg iv) with the response produced by intravenous sp. in six alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventil ... | 1991 | 1722199 |
| cyclic amp antagonist rp-camps inhibits amylase exocytosis from saponin-permeabilized parotid acini. | rp-camps, the rp-diastereomer of adenosine 3',5'-phosphorothioate, is often referred to as a camp antagonist, since it binds to the regulatory subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase without dissociation of free catalytic subunits. to evaluate the role of camp-dependent protein kinase in amylase exocytosis, we examined the effect of rp-camps on amylase release from rat parotid acini. rp-camps did not stimulate amylase release from saponin-permeabilized parotid acini, whereas its sp-isomer stron ... | 1991 | 1722200 |
| response of extrapyramidal and limbic neuropeptides to fenfluramine administration: comparison with methamphetamine. | the responses of extrapyramidal and limbic neuropeptide and striatal dopamine and serotonin systems were evaluated after treatment with fenfluramine in rats. after multiple administrations of fenfluramine, its active metabolite, norfenfluramine, and methamphetamine (meth), striatal neurotensin (nt) content was similarly increased to approximately 200% of control. in contrast, nigral nt levels were unaltered by fenfluramine, intermediately increased by norfenfluramine (148% of control) and maxima ... | 1991 | 1722253 |
| studies of reflexogenic effects of capsaicin and neuropeptides on neural afferents in the dog parietal pericardium. | stimulation of neural afferents in the parietal pericardium of anaesthetized, open-chest dogs by local application of capsaicin (0.1-100 micrograms) consistently induced dose-related pressor effects and tachycardia, whereas the application (0.1-1 microgram) of neuropeptides substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) had no cardiovascular effect. capsaicin-induced reflex responses were not affected by vagotomy, but were abolished by bilatera ... | 1991 | 1722285 |
| decreased spinal cord content of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), produced by alternative processing of the primary transcript of the calcitonin gene, is a potent vasodilator. we have shown that dietary calcium deficiency accompanied by decreased serum ionized calcium significantly decreases the neuronal content of cgrp in laminae i and ii of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the growing rat. the spontaneously hypertensive rat (shr) is characterized by decreased serum ionized calcium levels and is thought to most clo ... | 1991 | 1722295 |
| projections from serotonin- and substance p-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray onto the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat. | serotonin- and substance p-like immunoreactive (5ht-li and sp-li) neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (pag) of the rat were observed to send their axons to the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha (rgc alpha) by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-tracing method combined with the 5ht- or sp-immunohistochemical technique. these 5ht- or sp-li pag neurons were distributed mainly in the ventrolateral subdivision and ventral portion of the medial subdivision at the middle ... | 1991 | 1722297 |
| constitutive expression of c-jun and jun-b in cell lines infected with human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii. | to better understand the transcriptional regulation of human t-lymphotropic viruses, expression of the nuclear proto-oncogenes, jun-b and c-jun were examined in cell lines infected with htlv-i/ii. constitutive high levels of jun-b and c-jun expression were observed in htlv-i (mt-2, hut-102, ir, fs, sp) and htlv-ii infected cell lines (mo-t, pan). in contrast, the uninfected cell lines (jurkat, hut-78) expressed only basal levels of jun. this expression of jun was not dependent upon il-2, as both ... | 1991 | 1722408 |
| target-specific innervation by autonomic and sensory nerve fibers in hairy fetal skin transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rat. | pieces of hairy skin tissue of fetal rat were transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rats. the ability of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers from the host iris to innervate the grafted skin tissue was immunohistochemically and enzyme-histochemically examined using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (th), substance p (sp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and a reaction medium for acetylcholinesterase (ache). the grafted tissue was su ... | 1991 | 1722432 |
| synthetic peptide conjugates with horseradish peroxidase and beta-galactosidase for use in epitope-specific immunocytochemistry and elisa. | synthetic peptide-alkaline phosphatase conjugates can be used to detect the epitope specificity of (i) antibody-forming cells in vivo by immunocytochemistry; (ii) of antibody secreting cells in vitro by spot-elisa; and (iii) antibodies in solution by capture elisa. the availability of synthetic peptide-enzyme conjugates using detector enzymes other than alkaline phosphatase would offer several important advantages, for example in double staining approaches. this paper reports the production of s ... | 1991 | 1722493 |
| acupuncture to the skin induces release of substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide from peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons in the rat. | we immunohistochemically examined the short term effects of electro-acupuncture (e-acupuncture) to the skin on substance p (sp)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) containing primary sensory neurons in the rat. immunoreactivity to sp and cgrp in these neurons at the treatment site decreased after 30 min of e-acupuncture. these results suggest that e-acupuncture induces release of sp and cgrp from peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons. | 1991 | 1722639 |
| release of tachykinins by histamine, methacholine, paf, ltd4, and substance p from guinea pig lungs. | the release of substance p- and neurokinin a-like immunoreactivities (sp-li and nka-li) after tracheal infusion of histamine, methacholine, leukotriene d4, and platelet-activating factor was measured in isolated guinea pig lungs superfused through the trachea. infusion of each of these agonists was associated with a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the recovery of both sp-li and nka-li from lung perfusates compared with preinfusion baseline recoveries of these peptides. after infusion ... | 1991 | 1722649 |
| new reduced peptide bond substance p agonists and antagonists: effects on smooth muscle contraction. | following the recent discovery of a new substance p (sp) competitive pancreatic acini cell receptor antagonist containing a reduced peptide bond in place of the c-terminal peptide bond, a new series of full chain and short chain (heptapeptide and hexapeptide) substance p analogues have been prepared in which one of the c-terminal-region peptide bonds has been replaced by ch2nh or ch2o groups. they were compared for their ability to recognize nk1 and/or nk2 tachykinin receptor binding sites on gu ... | 1991 | 1723044 |
| neurokinins produce selective venoconstriction via nk-3 receptors in the rat mesenteric vascular bed. | the vasoactive properties of the neurokinins (substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb)) and some selective analogues were assessed in the arterial and venous mesenteric beds of the rat. although both sides of the mesenteric vasculature displayed endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ach) or bradykinin (bk) (1 and 10 nmol), sp and the selective nk-1 analogue, [sar9,met(o2)11]sp were inactive. of the three selective neurokinin agonists used, [sar9,met(o2)11 ... | 1991 | 1723050 |
| [treatment of human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix with gel interferon]. | treatment of uterine cervix infection caused by human papillomavirus still is an enigma. some drugs have been tested with cure rates between 60 to 70%. most of such agents are substances which produce a strong epithelial desquamation and have shown strictly toxic side effects. the use of interferon in this infection has been studied, but different authors disagree in their therapeutic findings. a randomized, double blind trial was conducted to compare interferon to placebo. preliminary results a ... | 1991 | 1723217 |
| effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone on neuropeptide content of dorsal root ganglia in the rat. | neuropeptides, including substance p (sp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and somatostatin (ss) in dorsal root ganglia (drg) may play a role in neurogenic inflammation and pain transmission. adrenal corticosteroids regulate neuropeptide synthesis in some areas of the cns and may modulate neurogenic inflammation and sensory perception. we have investigated the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg/day) treatment on neuropeptide content of rat cervical drg using specific an ... | 1991 | 1723340 |
| tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 down-regulate receptors for substance p in human astrocytoma cells. | this study examined the influence of cytokines on substance p (sp) receptors (nk1 subtype) in the human astrocytoma cell line uc11. following trypsinization and passage, the density of sp receptors in these cells was rather low but gradually increased several fold over the course of a few days in culture. frequent replacement of the growth medium enhanced the density of receptors even more, suggesting that growth factors in the culture medium may determine the levels of receptor. exposure of the ... | 1991 | 1723342 |
| acetonema longum gen. nov. sp. nov., an h2/co2 acetogenic bacterium from the termite, pterotermes occidentis. | a previously undescribed, h2-oxidizing co2-reducing acetogenic bacterium was isolated from gut contents of the wood-feeding termite, pterotermes occidentis. cells of representative strain apo-1 were strictly anaerobic. gram-negative, endospore-forming motile rods which measured 0.30-0.40 x 6-60 microm. cells were catalase positive, oxidase negative, and had 51.5 mol percent g + c in their dna. optimum conditions for growth on h2 + co2 were at 30-33 degrees c and ph (initial) 7.8, and under these ... | 1991 | 1723588 |
| up-regulation of substance p binding sites in the vagus nerve projection area of the cat brainstem after nodosectomy. a quantitative autoradiographic study. | substance p (sp) regulates visceral functions in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nst) area. high affinity sp binding sites labelled with [3h]sp or [125i]sp show a heterogeneous distribution in the cat medulla with high densities in the rostral and dorso-caudal parts of both the median subnucleus of nst and the dorsal motor nucleus (dmn). we previously observed a significant loss of sp immunoreactivity in the vagal area of the cat after an ipsilateral nodosectomy. it was thus important to stud ... | 1991 | 1723603 |
| species differences in the effects of substance p on inositol trisphosphate accumulation and cyclic amp formation, and on contraction in isolated iris sphincter of the mammalian eye: differences in receptor density. | the effects of substance p (sp) on inositol trisphosphate (ip3) accumulation, myosin light chain (mlc) phosphorylation, camp formation and contraction were studied in iris sphincter smooth muscle of different mammalian species. sp receptor density was also examined in membrane fractions from this tissue. the data obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) in the iris sphincters of rabbit, bovine and pig, sp receptors are coupled to the phospholipase c system, whereas in dog, cat and human these ... | 1991 | 1723688 |
| [changes in the hormonal content of the blood during chronic electrostimulation of the hypothalamus and amygdaloid complex]. | the changes of corticotropin, thyrotropin in hypophysis, triiodothyronine, thyroxin in thyroid gland, adrenaline, norepinephrine, hydrocortisone, 11-oks in adrenal glands and pancreas, caused by prolonged electrostimulation of hypothalamic ventro-median nucleus, lateral nucleus of amygdala and the combination of the latter with the sp injection, were studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. the electrostimulation increased the hormone contents in the blood, whereas glucagon contents as well as ... | 1991 | 1723695 |
| rat anterior pituitary neuropeptides following chronic prolactin manipulation: a combined radioimmunoassay and mrna study. | prolactin secretion is highly regulable, and the possibility exists that there are local intrapituitary factors controlling prolactin secretion. recently, the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), galanin and substance p (sp) have been co-localized to the lactotroph in the female rat. we investigated the effects of alterations in prolactin status in vivo on pituitary and hypothalamic expression of these peptides by specific radioimmunoassays and mrna analysis. in the anterior pituit ... | 1991 | 1723745 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) potentiates the behavioral effect of substance p intrathecal administration. | intrathecal (it) injection of 20 micrograms substance p (sp) induced a behavioral syndrome consisting of scratching and biting the flanks (83% and 57%, respectively, of 48 rats), and distress-like vocalization (42% of 26 rats tested) in response to a previously innocuous tactile stimulus with a von frey fiber (allodynia). these behavioral events following sp were of short latency (1-2 min) and duration (around 10 min). injection it of 5 micrograms, but not 1 microgram, of vasoactive intestinal p ... | 1991 | 1723799 |
| [role of pain component in the organization of chemosensory taste reaction]. | the investigation of algoinductor (histaminergic) and peptidergic relations in peripheral pain reaction of taste was performed by using of different histamine liberators (applied on tongue). by fluorescence-histochemical methods it was shown that histamine in the apical portion of papilla is derived from cells of taste buds and in the basal zone--from connective tissue cells (including mast cells). it was established in behavior trials on peptidergic system that consumption of taste solutions be ... | 1991 | 1723904 |
| substance p modulates the time course of nicotinic but not muscarinic catecholamine secretion from perfused adrenal glands of rat. | 1. substance p (sp) and acetylcholine (ach) are contained within the splanchnic nerve terminals in the adrenal gland and can be released in response to stress. in the rat, the release of ach brings about secretion of catecholamines (ca) by acting on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors on the adrenal chromaffin cells. 2. in the present study, we have used a rat isolated adrenal gland preparation to investigate the effects of sp, perfused at different concentrations, on ca secretion evoked by 10(-5 ... | 1991 | 1723914 |
| enkephalins, substance p and acetylcholine microinjected into the nucleus ambiguus elicit vagal bradycardia in rats. | little is known about putative transmitters in the nucleus ambiguus (na) mediating parasympathetic control of the heart, although met-enkephalin (m-enk), leu-enkephalin (l-enk), substance p (sp) and acetylcholine (ach) have been detected in the cell bodies and fibers of this nucleus. the effects of these substances on arterial pressure (ap) and heart rate (hr) were studied by microinjecting them (4-20 nl) into the na. experiments were done in 26 spinal (high cervical) rats that were anesthetized ... | 1991 | 1723920 |
| a transitory population of substance p-like immunoreactive neurones in the developing cerebral cortex of the mouse. | immunocytochemical methods were used to investigate the developmental expression of substance p (sp) in mouse cerebral cortex. sp-like-immunoreactive cells were first detected at postnatal day 0 (p0), their numbers being notably increased by p2. immunopositive cells were especially abundant in layer vib and in the subjacent future white matter, although they were also present in layer v. between p5 and p8 the number of sp-like-immunoreactive cells gradually decreased, being almost completely abs ... | 1991 | 1723935 |
| normal development and the effects of early rhizotomy on spinal systems in the rat. | the normal postnatal development of 4 spinal systems was examined in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord using histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. we used thiamine monophosphatase (tmpase), a marker for dorsal root ganglion cells and their projections, a tachykinin, substance p (sp), which is provided by both dorsal root and intrinsic systems, and two markers for descending systems, serotonin (5-ht) and the synthesizing enzyme for noradrenalin, dopamine b-hydroxylase (dbh). the r ... | 1991 | 1723936 |
| regulation of cardiovascular sympathetic neurons by substance p and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat spinal cord. | the spinal regulation of cardiovascular sympathetic preganglionic neurons by substance p (sp) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) was investigated in conscious rats. intrathecal injection at the t-9 spinal level of bicuculline, a gabaa receptor antagonist, evoked increases in mean arterial pressure (map) and heart rate (hr) which were maximal at 5.0 and 0.5 nmol, respectively. phaclofen, a gabab receptor antagonist, produced no cardiovascular changes up to 2 mumol while 10 mumol evoked a rise in ... | 1991 | 1723952 |
| effects of tachykinins on myenteric neurones of the guinea-pig gastric corpus: involvement of nk-3 receptors. | responses of gastric myenteric neurones evoked by the mammalian tachykinins substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka) and neurokinin b (nkb) were investigated using conventional intracellular recording methods. application of the tachykinins caused a long lasting depolarization of the membrane potential which was associated with increased spike discharge and augmented excitability of the cells. the responses slowly desensitized. additionally, cross desensitization occurred between sp, nka and nkb. bo ... | 1991 | 1724075 |
| nk-1 receptors are the only class of tachykinin receptors found on mouse cortical astrocytes. | extending our previous studies, our results indicate that cultured cortical astrocytes from the mouse possess only nk-1 receptors coupled to phospholipase c. an excellent correlation was found in the potency of tachykinins and selective analogs at inhibiting 125i-bhsp binding and at stimulating phospholipase c activity, their rank order being that of nk-1 receptors. no binding sites could be found with ligands of nk-2 or nk-3 receptors. no additive effect could be shown with nk-2 or nk-3 agonist ... | 1991 | 1724079 |
| peptidergic innervation of mesenteric lymphatics in guinea pigs: an immunocytochemical and pharmacological study. | by immunocytochemistry, substance p immunoreactive (sp-ir) and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactive (vip-ir) nerve fibers were examined in guinea pig mesenteric lymph collectors. the immunoreactive nerve fibers, located in the adventitia of lymphatics, were few and were irregularly distributed along the vessel wall. these fibers appeared to be more numerous and more evenly distributed along the corresponding artery and vein walls within the same area. sp immunoreactivity in the vascular ... | 1991 | 1724275 |
| distribution and morphology of substance p-immunoreactive structures in the olfactory bulb and olfactory peduncle of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a primate species. | the present study describes the morphology and distribution of substance p-immunoreactive (sp-ir) elements in the olfactory bulb (ob) and olfactory peduncle (op) of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a primate species. sp-ir neurons are very abundant in the ob and belong to two types. external tufted cells are present in the glomerular layer (gl), whereas granule cells are found in the deeper layers, especially in the granule cell layer (grl), but also scattered in the op. sp-ir fibers, p ... | 1991 | 1724304 |
| interleukin-1-induced cartilage degradation is independent of substance p level in rabbit knees. | the effect of sp on recombinant human il-1 alpha-induced cartilage degradation in rabbit knees was investigated. co-injection of 10 ng il-1 and 1 micrograms sp did not increase cartilage degradation above the level observed after injection of 10 ng il-1 alone. co-injection of 100 ng il-1 and 150 micrograms spantide, a potent sp antagonist, did not reduce the level of cartilage degradation. infusion of 100 ng sp/day for two weeks did not induce cartilage degradation. these observations suggest th ... | 1991 | 1724348 |
| effect of capsaicin on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat pleurisy and exudate substance p level. | injection of 2.5 mg of lambda-carrageenan into the rat pleural cavity resulted in a time-dependent increase in pleural exudate substance p (sp) levels up to 24 hr. synergistic increases in the exudate formation were observed when a sub-optimal quantity of carrageenan was injected with sp. pre-treatment of rats with capsaicin at 50 and 100 mg/kg s.c. daily for one week prior to the induction of pleurisy blocked the increase in exudate volume and sp levels when compared to that normally detected a ... | 1991 | 1724349 |
| effects of indomethacin, triamcinolone, and dexamethasone on recombinant human interleukin-1-induced substance p and prostaglandin e2 levels in rabbit knee joints. | intra-articular (i.a.) injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhuil-1 alpha) in rabbit knees induced both an inflammation, as determined by increases in leukocytes in the joint fluid, and cartilage degradation, as measured by loss of proteoglycan. substance p (sp) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) levels in the joint lavage are also elevated. treatment with 5 mg indomethacin/kg, p.o., b.i.d., 2 mg triamcinolone i.a., and 10 mg dexamethasone/kg, p.o., reduced synovial lavage leukocyte coun ... | 1991 | 1724350 |
| facilitatory role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) on excitation induced by substance p (sp) and noxious stimuli in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. an iontophoretic study in vivo. | the effects of iontophoretically applied calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and/or substance p (sp) onto physiologically identified neurons in the rat lumbar dorsal horn were studied. the consistent excitatory effects of sp found on the spontaneous and the noxious evoked activity were significantly potentiated by cgrp application. this peptide facilitated the noxious evoked activity and did not affect the spontaneous activity of the neurons. the responses to non-noxious stimuli were unaffect ... | 1991 | 1724408 |
| immunoaffinity purification of glucose/xylose isomerase from streptomyces. | a procedure was developed to purify glucose/xylose isomerase from cell extract of streptomyces sp. ncim 2730 using immunoaffinity chromatography. high-titer polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbit using electrophoretically homogeneous glucose/xylose isomerase as an antigen. the specificity of antibodies was confirmed by double immunodiffusion, rocket electrophoresis, and western-blot elisa, which revealed the presence of a single immunoreactive protein with an mr of 40,000. the antibodies re ... | 1991 | 1724596 |
| species differences between [3h] substance p binding in rat and guinea-pig shown by the use of peptide agonists and antagonists. | the affinities of various substance p agonists and antagonists for nk1 receptors in rat and guinea-pig tissues were compared. striking species differences were observed. both septide and [d-pro4,d-trp7,9]sp-(4-11) possessed much higher affinity for sites in the guinea-pig (brain and ileum) than for sites in the rat brain. these results could be explained by differences in the structure of the nk1 receptor according to the species, although the existence of various subtypes of nk1 binding sites i ... | 1991 | 1724651 |
| synthesis of a potent agonist of substance p by modifying the methionyl and glutaminyl residues of the c-terminal hexapeptide of substance p. structure-activity relationships. | analogues of [orn6]-sp6-11 have been synthesized in which the met11 residue is replaced by glutamate gamma-alkylesters. these analogues were tested in three in vitro preparations representative of nk-1, nk-2, and nk-3 receptor types. substitution of the sch3 group of the met11 side chain by a coor (r = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclohexyl) group results in analogues which are full agonists in nk-1 and nk-2 preparations but show little agonist activity in the nk-3 preparation. when the sc ... | 1991 | 1724664 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of substance p-immunoreactive terminals in marginal division of rat striatum. | in our previous work using immunocytochemical method combined with tract tracing techniques a new subdivision was described in the striatum of the rat. this "marginal division" is more densely filled with substance p, enkephalin and dynorphin b terminals than the rest of the striatum. in the present study, the synaptic organization of the substance p immunoreactive (spir) terminals in the marginal division of the rat striatum was studied using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for subs ... | 1991 | 1724749 |
| immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of substance p, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gaba, methionine-enkephalin, and leucin-enkephalin in the serotonergic neurons of the caudal raphe nuclei: a dual labeling in the rat. | by means of dual immunohistochemical labeling on the same brain section examined with a light microscope, the present study reports the presence with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-ht) of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), substance p (sp), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), leucin-enkephalin (leu-enk), or methionine-enkephalin (met-enk), within the same neuron in the nuclei raphe magnus, raphe obscurus, and raphe pallidus of the rat. on the one hand, peptides or gaba are detected with specifi ... | 1991 | 1724785 |
| effects of spantide on guinea pig coronary resistance vessels. | effects of spantide ([d-arg1,d-trp7,9,leu11]substance p) on coronary resistance vessels were studied in isolated guinea pig hearts perfused at constant rate with isotonic buffer containing 20 or 40 mm kcl. spantide (1 microm) caused a 20-fold rightward shift of the substance p (sp) dose-response curve for vasodilation with no change in maximum (kb = 5.3 x 10(-8) m). bolus injections of 0.25 to 250 pmol spantide had no effect, but higher doses caused a brief vasodilation followed by a larger, mor ... | 1991 | 1724800 |
| spinal cord substance p mediates the inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by electrical stimulation of the preoptic area. | a possible role of spinal substance p (sp) in the mediation of signals to inhibit gastric acid secretion by central activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system was examined in urethane-anesthetized rats. intrathecal (i.t.) administration of sp (1-10 nmol) inhibited vagally induced acid output. i.t. administration of spantide, a sp receptor antagonist, reduced the inhibitory effect of 3 nmol sp. i.t. administration of spantide (0.1-1 nmol) blocked the inhibition of vagally induced gastric a ... | 1991 | 1724967 |
| relationship between substance p-induced initial transient contractions and inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in guinea pig ileum. | the effects of neomycin on substance p (sp)-induced inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and muscle contraction were studied in longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum. various tachykinin peptides including sp stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in guinea pig ileum. neomycin (2.5 mm) reduced both the contractions and the accumulation of [3h]inositol phosphates induced by sp. these results suggest that the initial transient contractions induced by sp are coupled to inositol phospholipi ... | 1991 | 1724988 |
| endogenous opioid dependence--a basic pathophysiological phenomenon of stress-induced and genetically fixed disturbances in adaptation--influence of substance p. | disturbances in adaptive processes can be induced by chronic exposition to stress or can result from a genetical predisposition. experimental data of chronically stressed wistar rats and of spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) demonstrate a relation between a decreased level of substance p (sp) in adrenals, the existence of a dependence on endogenous opioid peptides and an increased regulatory level of blood pressure. the endogenous level of sp was determined by using a ria. the dependence (phy ... | 1991 | 1725061 |
| coexistence and plasticity of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the rat iris. | the presence, distribution and origin of substance p (sp), neuropeptide y (npy), and cgrp-immunoreactive axons in rat iris were investigated in whole mount preparations, with special respect to the localization of the "classical" adrenergic and cholinergic ground plexuses. sp-ir fibres are distributed parallel to the pupillary margin in the sphincter muscle, and in an irregular plexus in the dilator muscle. the distribution of cgrp-ir fibres was similar to this. both sp- and cgrp-ir elements ori ... | 1991 | 1725081 |
| substance p- and neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity of rodent leydig cells in tissue section and cell culture. | comparative immunocytochemical studies concerning the presence of a neurotransmitter (substance p), and a marker of neuroendocrine cells (neuron-specific enolase), in the leydig cells of 3 mammalian species (golden hamster, guinea pig, and rat) were carried out on tissue sections and cell cultures. substance p(sp)-like immunoreactivity (-li) was found to be present in both fetal and adult generation of leydig cells in hamster and guinea pig, while neuron-specific enolase (nse)-li was detected in ... | 1991 | 1725082 |
| enzymatic characterization of vibrionaceae strains isolated from environment and cold-blooded animals. | enzymatic profiles were determined by the api zym system for 15 strains of non 01 vibrio cholerae, 4 strains of v. metschnikovii, 9 strains of v. anguillarum, 6 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides and 115 strains motile aeromonas sp. all of the tested strains produced alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and did not possess alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. some differences in enzymatic activities among the tested vibrionaceae strains were noted. the strains of non 01 v. cholerae, ... | 1991 | 1725094 |
| the distribution of peptide-containing nerves in the synovia of the cat knee joint. | synovial capsule in cats is extensively innervated by a network with axonal diameter ranging from 0.6-3 microns according to its position and neuropeptide content. nerve markers such as neuron specific enolase (nse) and neurofilament triplet protein (nf) could be observed only when the axonal fibre attained a critical diameter of over the 3 microns limit. the relatively thick fibres (1-3 microns) show positive immunoreactivity for substance p (sp), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), and vasoactive inte ... | 1991 | 1725138 |
| effect of substance p on right colonic pressure: a dose response study in pigs. | the purpose of the present investigation was to elucidate the influence and mechanism of the action of substance p (sp) upon intraluminal pressure in proximal porcine colon. in 9 pigs, sp was infused intra-arterially in varying doses from 0.5 to 160 ng/kg/min. mean baseline colonic pressure was 8.9 mm hg increasing in a dose-dependent manner to 34.6 mm hg at an sp dose of 40 ng/kg/min. hereafter, the colonic pressure remained constant. in other series, sp infusion (5-80 ng/kg) was preceded by in ... | 1991 | 1725144 |
| [mechanism of the modulation of pain transmission at the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex in rabbits]. | the modulation of dental pain transmission at the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (spvc) was investigated in rabbits in vivo. the superficial layers of spvc were perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid using a push-pull cannula system. immunoreactive substance p (sp) released into the perfusates following electrical stimulation of the lower incisor pulp was measured. the obtained results were as follows. 1. an increase in the release of sp and [met5]-enkephalin ... | 1990 | 1725294 |
| effects of substance p on electric activity of mouse pancreatic islet cells in vitro. | the effects of substance p (sp), [d-pro2, d-trp7,9]sp and verapamil on the electric activity of b cells of langerhans islets of mice were investigated. addition of sp 100 nmol.l-1 to the perfusion medium stimulated spontaneous electric activity induced by glucose 5.5 mmol.l-1 with an increase in frequency and amplitude of the spikes. [d-pro2, d-trp7,9]sp 50 nmol.l-1 reversed the stimulative effect of sp. there was no evidence for an enhancing interaction between sp and acetylcholine 1 mumol.l-1. ... | 1991 | 1725468 |
| [effects of morphine on cutaneous blood flow and substance p release evoked by electric stimulation of rat sciatic nerve]. | electric stimulation of the rat sciatic nerve containing sensory afferent fibers produced an increase in cutaneous blood flow. morphine (10, 30 mumol.kg-1 ia infusion) inhibited the electric stimulation-induced increase of the cutaneous blood flow velocity, and its effect was antagonized by naloxone (2 mg.kg-1 ip). in order to investigate the cause of this effect, we determined immunoreactive substance p (isp) levels in the sc perfusate of hind paw. we found that electric stimulation of the scia ... | 1991 | 1725470 |
| [role of substance p on neurogenic inflammation in the rat dental pulp and inferior lip]. | a physiological role of substance p (sp) in inflammatory reaction was examined in the rat incisor pulp and inferior lip. sp content in pulps and lips significantly increased after antidromic stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve. following the same stimulation, vascular permeability also increased significantly in pulps and lips, and this permeability response was significantly inhibited by an sp-antagonist. morphine reduced the permeability response to antidromic stimulation in pulps but h ... | 1990 | 1725514 |
| differential pathways of recruitment for centrosomal antigens to the mitotic poles during bipolar spindle formation. | as cells enter mitosis, centrosomes undergo many transformations and become associated with different molecules in a stage-specific manner. we have developed a protocol for immunofluorescence staining with four antibody probes that can help us to follow the interaction of centrosomal components during mitosis. the cells were first stained with a human autoimmune serum (5051); a monoclonal anti-phosphocentrosomal antibody (cho3); and an antitubulin antibody. localization of the antibodies was det ... | 1991 | 1725526 |
| neuroendocrine peptides in bone. | a method for demineralization of bone, preserving the antigenicity of neuroactive peptides, was developed. in all parts of rat long bones, nerves immunoreactive to substance p (sp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), neuropeptide y (npy) and tyrosine hydroxylase (th) were detected after immunohistochemical staining. the majority of nerves were vascular, although several non-vascular endings were observed at the growth plate and amidst marrow cells. a ... | 1991 | 1725676 |
| reversible rat mesenteric mast cell swelling caused by vagal stimulation or sham-feeding. | fragments of rat mesentery were examined using acetylthiocholine to detect cholinergic nerve fibers and toluidine blue to identify mast cells. 59.2 +/- 2.6 percent of mast cells were at less than one-half mean cell diameter (4-5 microns), from the nerve fibers. under the electron microscope, the membrane of mast cells was within less than 50 nm from axon membranes, suggesting a synaptic type of connection. average mast cell area in fasted rats increased following feeding, stimulation of the left ... | 1991 | 1725686 |
| effect of the new antiallergic drug epinastine on chemical mediator induced bronchoconstrictions in guinea pigs. | recently, mast cell stabilizers, so called antiallergic drugs, that also have blocking effects on receptors for chemical mediators (cm) have been developed. the present study investigated the effects of a new antiallergic drug, epinastine (3-amino-9,13b-dihydro-1h-dibenz[c,f]imidazol [1,5-a]azepine hydrochloride, wal 810 cl; cas 80012-43-7) on the in vivo bronchoconstriction (bc) induced by several cm as compared with those of other antiallergic drugs such as ketotifen, azelastine and oxatomide. ... | 1991 | 1725697 |
| differential effects of phosphoramidon on neurokinin a- and substance p-induced airflow obstruction and airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pig. | 1. the effects of the inhaled neuropeptides, neurokinin a (nka) and substance p (sp) on lung resistance (rl) and airway microvascular permeability were studied in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 2. single doses of inhaled nka (3 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-4), 3 x 10(-4) m; 45 breaths) and sp (1 x 10(-4), 3 x 10(-4), 1 x 10(-3); 45 breaths) caused a dose-dependent increase in both rl and airway microvascular leakage, assessed as extravasation of the albumin marker, evans blue dye. 3. nka at 1 x 10(-4) and 3 x ... | 1991 | 1725766 |
| immunohistochemical localization of substance p, enkephalin and serotonin in the developing human retina. | the localization of substance p (sp), enkephalin (enk) and serotonin (5-ht) in the retinae of 12 human embryos/fetuses ranging in age from 6-30 weeks was determined immunohistochemically using the pap method. at the 6 week stage [crown rump length (crl) unknown due to incomplete specimen], the developing retina consisted of a single undifferentiated cell mass from which immunoreactive cells were absent. by 90 mm crl (10th week of gestation), the retina was composed of an outer neuroblastic layer ... | 1991 | 1725785 |
| [a pharmacological study of the participation of the peripheral endings of primary afferent neurons in the inflammatory response evoked by heat and mechanical noxious stimulation]. | to investigate the participation of neuropeptides present in the peripheral endings of primary afferent neurons in the inflammatory response, immunoreactive substance p (isp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (icgrp) and neurokinin a (inka) levels in the s.c. perfusate, and inflammatory response (edema and plasma protein extravasation) evoked in rat paw by noxious stimulation were determined. the effects of these peptides on plasma protein extravasation in the skin of the hind paw of mice were al ... | 1990 | 1725788 |
| [immunohistochemical studies on the peptidergic nerve distribution in hard palate mucosa and gingiva of the rat]. | the present study demonstrates the distribution of nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neuropeptide y (npy) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in the hard palate mucosa and gingiva of the rat by the use of an indirect immunofluorescence method. nerve fibers containing cgrp, sp and nka showed very similar distribution patterns. numerous nerve fibers containing cgrp, sp and nka were observed in the lamina propria of hard pa ... | 1990 | 1725789 |
| the effects of capsaicin upon electrogenic ion transport in rat descending colon. | preparations of rat descending colon mucosa have been used to record changes in short circuit current (scc) under voltage clamp conditions. when added to the basolateral compartment capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide, 0.1-3 microm) caused an initial transient increase in scc, followed by a more prolonged reduction in scc, that lasted for 20-30 min. repeated applications of 3 microm capsaicin caused desensitisation of the initial secretory response. the antisecretory effects (i.e. reduct ... | 1991 | 1725806 |
| modulation by adrenergic transmitters of the efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive nerves in cardiac tissue. | in atrial preparations obtained from reserpine-pre-treated guinea-pigs, incubated in the presence of 1 microm atropine plus 1 microm cgp 20712a (a beta 1 blocking drug), a positive inotropic effect due to cgrp release from capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons was induced by electrical field stimulation (efs). this response was concentration-dependently reduced by noradrenaline (0.01-3 microm), neuropeptide y (npy, 3-300 nm) and adenosine triphosphate (atp, 1-30 microm). on the other hand, the ove ... | 1991 | 1725921 |
| different pathways by which extracellular ca2+ promotes calcitonin gene-related peptide release from central terminals of capsaicin-sensitive afferents of guinea pigs: effect of capsaicin, high k+ and low ph media. | different modes by which ca2+, entering the nerve terminal, promotes transmitter secretion as well as the ability of protons to release neuropeptides, have been shown in peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive afferents. we have studied these two aspects in the central endings of these neurons by measuring the release of calcitonin-gene related peptide-like immunoreactivity (cgrp-li) from slices of the dorsal half of the guinea pig spinal cord. although capsaicin (1 microm) released both cgrp- ... | 1991 | 1726064 |
| release of substance p into the superficial dorsal horn following nociceptive activation of the hindpaw of the rat. | substance p (sp) has been widely proposed as being involved in the transmission of nociceptive information in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. formalin injected into the hindpaw as a nociceptive stimulus has been shown to increase the amount of immunoreactive sp in the dorsal horn, perhaps by decreasing sp release from primary afferent neurons. much is known concerning the release of sp from tissue slices or from the entire spinal cord in vivo. however, less is known about the release pattern ... | 1991 | 1726066 |
| substance p-immunoreactive innervation from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat. | the present study examined substance p (sp) innervation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the rat. in the colchicine-untreated rat, sp-immunoreactive fibers formed a dense oval plexus in the ventral part of the scn. after bilateral eye enucleation, there was a marked reduction in sp-immunoreactive fibers in the ventral part of the scns. the sp-immunoreactive neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer were retrogradely labeled after injection of fluoro-gold into the scn. these findings indi ... | 1991 | 1726067 |
| the distribution of neuropeptides in the dorsomedial telencephalon of the pigeon (columba livia): a basis for regional subdivisions. | the distribution of six neuropeptides [substance p (sp), leucine (leu5-) enkephalin (lenk), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), cholecystokinin (cck), neuropeptide y (npy), and somatostatin (ss)] in the dorsomedial telencephalon (hippocampal region) of the pigeon was studied by immunohistochemistry. all six peptides were found in fibers passing through the septo-hippocampal junction and along the medial wall of the hippocampal region. npy-, ss-, and vip-like staining of fibers was seen in t ... | 1991 | 1726107 |
| differential processing of substance p and neurokinin a by plasma dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase iv, aminopeptidase m and angiotensin converting enzyme. | in addition to plasma metabolism of substance p (sp) by angiotensin converting enzyme (ace; ec 3.4.15.1) (less than 1.0 nmol/min/ml), the majority of sp hydrolysis by rat and human plasma was due to dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase iv (dap iv; ec 3.4.14.5) (3.15-5.91 nmol/min/ml), which sequentially converted sp to sp(3-11) and sp(5-11). in turn, the sp(5-11) metabolite was rapidly hydrolyzed by rat and human plasma aminopeptidase m (amm; ec 3.4.11.2) (24.2-25.5 nmol/min/ml). the km values of sp for d ... | 1991 | 1726123 |
| [retinal projections to the pretectum in the fowl (gallus gallus domesticus)]. | the retinal projection to the pretectum was examined in the adult domestic fowl by means of anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp). at the same time, the cytoarchitecture of the pretectum was studied in nissl preparation. fifteen fowls (gallus gallus domesticus) were used for the hrp study, and four were used for the cytoarchitectural study. one hundred microliters of a 30% hrp solution in physiological saline were injected into the vitreous body of the unilateral eye under sodium ... | 1991 | 1726191 |
| biochemical characterization and anatomical distribution of a major form of unamidated precursor of substance p in rat brain. | previous work from this laboratory has provided biochemical characterization of several posttranslational processing intermediates of the neuropeptide substance p (sp) in central nervous system (cns) tissues, including the cooh-terminal glycine-extended dodecapeptide arg-pro-lys-pro-gln-gln-phe-phe-gly-leu-met-gly (sp-g). sp-g is a major species of unprocessed sp found in rodent cns tissues, and is the likely immediate precursor form of sp in the biosynthetic scheme. here we present extensive ch ... | 1991 | 1726313 |
| susceptibility of aedes aegypti larvae to temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis in integrated control. | the susceptibility of field collected aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated in terms of median lethal time (lt50) and final mortality, when treated with temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as well as mixtures of these two agents. third instar larvae were shown to be more susceptible than early and late fourth instar ones to the entomopathogen. survival of some individuals when exposed to temephos suggest possible resistance. temporal synergism in early fourth instar larvae was detected ... | 1991 | 1726480 |
| influence of perivascular peptides on endoneurial blood flow and microvascular resistance in the sciatic nerve of the rat. | 1. a variety of vasoactive peptides has been identified in the axon terminals innervating vasa nervorum but their function is unknown. in mesenteric arterioles, substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) have been postulated to have a role in tonic vasodilatation. 2. we explored the effect of epineurial capsaicin, sp, cgrp, spantide (sp antagonist), and hcgrp (8-37) (cgrp antagonist) on blood flow (ebf) and microvascular resistance (emr) in the endoneurial compartment of the rat ... | 1991 | 1726597 |