| the chlamydia outer membrane protein omcb is required for adhesion and exhibits biovar-specific differences in glycosaminoglycan binding. | chlamydia pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, causes a number of respiratory diseases. we explored the role of the conserved omcb protein in c. pneumoniae infections, using yeast display technology. (i) yeast cells presenting omcb were found to adhere to human epithelial cells. (ii) pre-incubation of omcb yeast cells with heparin, but not other glycosaminoglycans (gags), abrogated adhesion. (iii) pre-treatment of the target cells with heparinase inhibited adherence, and gag-def ... | 2008 | 18086188 |
| simultaneous detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae by use of molecular beacons in a duplex real-time pcr. | a real-time pcr was designed for detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae such that each pathogen could be detected in a single tube and differentiated using molecular beacons marked with different fluorochromes. this duplex pcr, targeting the p1 adhesion gene for m. pneumoniae and the ompa gene for c. pneumoniae, was compared with two conventional pcr assays targeting the 16s rrna gene and the ompa gene. a total of 120 clinical throat and nasopharyngeal swab samples were ... | 2008 | 18094125 |
| a method for hla genotyping using the specific cleavage of dna-rn1-dna/dna with rnase hii from chlamydia pneumoniae. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) provide a great opportunity for the study of human disease and bacterial drug resistance. however, many snp typing techniques require dedicated instruments and high cost. here, we develop a novel method for snp genotyping based on specific cleavage properties of rnase hii from chlamydia pneumoniae (cprnase hii), termed the "cprnase hii-based method." cprnase hii cleaves the dna-rn(1)-dna/dna duplex at the 5'-side of the ribonucleotide (rn(1) = one ribonucle ... | 2007 | 18154453 |
| morphometrical quantification of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in human atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms. | atherosclerotic inflammation with a possible role of infectious agents can contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaa). the finding of chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) in these lesions in previous non-quantifying studies ranged from 0-100%. the objective is to quantify the presence of cp and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) in aaa. | 2007 | 18157418 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: the end? | | 2005 | 18159555 |
| chlamydial bacteriophage: no role in acute coronary events? | a relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and acute coronary syndromes has not been consistently found in published studies. it has been hypothesized that a bacteriophage-infected subset of c pneumoniae may be uniquely equipped to promote atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes through the expression of phage genes. | 2005 | 18159563 |
| [serological markers of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in patients with peripheral occlusive artery disease--an initial report]. | involvement of infection agents in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis was described in several studies, particularly in patients with acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke. however, in very few studies an association of serological markers of chronic infection with peripheral occlusive artery disease was analysed. the prevalence and concentration of immunoglobulin g and a to chlamydia pneumoniae and immunoglobulin g to cmv were measured in sera of 31 participants suffering from peripheral occl ... | 2007 | 18159850 |
| [role of chronic infection and heat shock proteins in peripheral arterial disease]. | the activation of the immunologic system plays an immportant role in the initiation of atherogenesis, as shown in numerous studies. however the role of infectious agents in this process still remains controversial. the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of heat shock protein as a link between infection and peripheral arterial disease. 31 patients suffering from lower limb ischemia were enrolled in the study. patients were divided into 2 groups. group i - patients with periphera ... | 2007 | 18159851 |
| retinoic acid inhibits the infectivity and growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in epithelial and endothelial cells through different receptors. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a human respiratory pathogen that has also been associated with cardiovascular disease. c. pneumoniae infection accelerates atherosclerotic plaque development in hyperlipidemic animals and promotes oxidation of low density lipoprotein in vitro. all-trans-retinoic acid (atra), an antioxidant, has been shown to inhibit c. pneumoniae infectivity for endothelial cells by preventing binding of the organism to the m6p/igf2 receptor on the cell surface. this current study invest ... | 2008 | 18162363 |
| epidemiology and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in asian countries: a prospective study by the asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens. | appropriate antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) should be based on the distribution of aetiological pathogens, antimicrobial resistance of major pathogens, clinical characteristics and outcomes. we performed a prospective observational study of 955 cases of adult cap in 14 hospitals in eight asian countries. microbiological evaluation to determine etiological pathogens as well as clinical evaluation was performed. bronchopulmonary disease (29.9%) was the most frequent u ... | 2008 | 18162378 |
| is there a link between atrial fibrillation and certain bacterial infections? | the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (af), the most common cardiac dysrhythmia, remains unknown. however, many recent studies point to an association between af and inflammation because of a demonstrable significant correlation between the dysrhythmia and various biomarkers of inflammation. for example, c-reactive protein (crp), a sensitive biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with af compared with a control group with no history of atri ... | 2007 | 18163009 |
| maternal infection and risk of preeclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis. | there are lingering questions regarding the association between maternal infection and preeclampsia. systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted of observational studies that examined the relationship between maternal infection and preeclampsia. forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. the risk of preeclampsia was increased in pregnant women with urinary tract infection (pooled odds ratio, 1.57; 95% ci, 1.45-1.70) and periodontal disease (pooled odds ratio, 1.76; 95% ci, 1.43-2.18). t ... | 2008 | 18166297 |
| microarray analysis of a chlamydia pneumoniae-infected human epithelial cell line by use of gene ontology hierarchy. | chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. persistent c. pneumoniae infections have been linked to chronic disease processes, such as atherosclerosis. in the present study, we examined gene expression changes in the human epithelial cell line at different stages of acute c. pneumoniae infection and used gene ontology annotation, along with single-gene analysis, to select a small group of tar ... | 2008 | 18171299 |
| multiple chlamydiaceae species in trachoma: implications for disease pathogenesis and control. | chlamydia trachomatis is a unique obligate intracellular bacterium that remains the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases and preventable blindness worldwide. chronic ocular infections are referred to as trachoma, and predominate in developing countries. since 2001, the world health organization has promoted control strategies including antibiotics, improved hygiene, and environmental measures with limited success. consequently, a vaccine is urgently needed. integral to vaccin ... | 2008 | 18177205 |
| usefulness of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays species specific in the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila pneumoniae igg antibodies in patients with genital infections or respiratory tract infections. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and chlamydophila pneumoniae (cpn) are obligate intracellular bacteria causing genital tract infections (gti) and respiratory tract infections (rti), respectively. antigenic cross-reactivity between the two species may complicate serologic diagnosis. in this study, we compared the performance of two elisa tests in relation to microimmunofluorescence (mif) for the detection of ct and cpn igg antibodies. we also explored the degree of cross-reactivity by elisa and mif. a ... | 2008 | 18178034 |
| risk factors associated with irreversible airflow limitation in asthma. | irreversible airflow limitation develops in some patients with asthma and is related to poorer prognosis. this paper reviews recent literature on natural course, risk factors, and potential mechanisms of persistent airflow limitation in asthma. | 2008 | 18188020 |
| epidemiology of severe pneumonia caused by legionella longbeachae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae: 1-year, population-based surveillance for severe pneumonia in thailand. | legionella species, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae are recognized as important causes of pneumonia in high-income countries, but their significance in middle-income countries, such as thailand, is unknown. | 2007 | 18190309 |
| preventing autoimmune and infection triggered atherosclerosis for an enduring healthful lifestyle. | atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries associated with various risk factors that promote lipid abnormalities (i.e., dyslipidemia), development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, plaque rupture, and vascular thrombosis. experimental evidence from biochemical and clinical studies support the idea that arterial thrombosis is an autoimmune process resulting from 'autoantibody'-mediated pro-atherogenic mechanisms now seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and a ... | 2008 | 18190881 |
| emerging role of chlamydia and chlamydia-like organisms in adverse pregnancy outcomes. | this review considers the roles of chlamydia spp. and newly identified chlamydia-like organisms in miscarriage, stillbirths and preterm labour in both animals and humans. | 2008 | 18192789 |
| susceptibility of human monocyte-macrophages to chlamydia pneumoniae infection in vitro is highly variable and associated with levels of soluble cd14 and c. pneumoniae iga and human hsp-igg antibodies in serum. | chlamydia pneumoniae, an intracellular microbe, causes respiratory infections and may participate in the development of atherosclerosis. it is able to survive and multiply in macrophages. the susceptibility of monocyte-macrophages from healthy individuals to c. pneumoniae infection in vitro was studied. intracellular growth of c. pneumoniae, as an indicator of susceptibility to infection, was compared to serum levels of c-reactive protein, soluble cd14 (scd14), human heat shock protein (hsp)-igg ... | 2008 | 18194359 |
| the association between past chlamydia pneumoniae infection and markers of chronic inflammation in obese women. | it has been widely accepted that obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation that affects the adipose tissue as well as the entire system. the aim of this study was to assess whether past chlamydia pneumoniae infection influences obesity phenotypes and serum levels of low-grade inflammation markers in obese, healthy premenopausal women. the study was performed on 48 obese and 42 normal-weight women, aged 31.2 +/- 7.2 years. serum levels of c-reactive protein (crp), tumor necrosis ... | 2008 | 18197444 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae inhibits differentiation of progenitor adipose cells and impairs insulin signaling. | recent clinical studies have shown chlamydophila pneumoniae seropositivity to be related to overweight status and inversely related to insulin sensitivity. the present study was performed to investigate the potential effects of c. pneumoniae infection of adipocytes. | 2008 | 18199028 |
| gene-environment interaction in progression of amd: the cfh gene, smoking and exposure to chronic infection. | a number of risk factors including the complement factor h (cfh) gene, smoking and chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with age-related macular degeneration (amd). however, the mechanisms underlying how these risk factors might be involved in disease progression and disease aetiology is poorly understood. a cohort series of 233 individuals followed for amd progression over a mean period of 7 years underwent a full eye examination, blood was taken for dna and antibody titre and individuals ... | 2008 | 18203751 |
| infection and temporal arteritis: a pcr-based study to detect pathogens in temporal artery biopsy specimens. | the possibility of infectious triggers stimulating the development of inflammatory vascular diseases has generated much recent interest. this study uses pcr to detect the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, parvovirus b19 and all the human herpes viruses except hhv8 in temporal artery biopsy specimens. samples from 37 temporal artery biopsies with histological evidence of arteritis and 66 samples from histologically negative temporal artery biopsies, all from different patients, were negative for ... | 2008 | 18205226 |
| a comparative study of bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. | few attempts have been made to compare bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, mainly because it is difficult to gain agreement on which cases represent non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. recently, an immunochromatographic assay for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen has been successfully evaluated for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. the aim of our study was to examine and compare clinical and radiological features, risk factors, and outcome asso ... | 2008 | 18206596 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae-specific serum immune complexes in patients with multiple sclerosis. | the significance of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) is unclear. we determined the frequency of serum c. pneumoniae-specific immune complexes in patients with ms, neurological (ond) and healthy controls in a blinded, cross-sectional study. c. pneumoniae immune complexes were detected in 24% (38/156) of ms patients, 16% (11/69) of ond and 15% (77/499) of healthy controls. the odds ratio for all ms patients was 3.95 (95% ci: 2.15 to 7.24; p < 0.0001) accounti ... | 2008 | 18208884 |
| severity of carotid atherosclerosis unrelated to chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute ischemic stroke patients: a clinicopathological study. | both clinical and pathological alterations of the carotid arteries were correlated with chlamydia pneumoniae infection in 67 acute ischemic stroke patients with severe neurological symptoms. | 2008 | 18212523 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae-based atherosclerosis: a smoking gun. | chronic and acute infectious diseases have been implicated in modifying the risk of atherosclerosis independently or in collaboration with conventional risk factors. during the past two decades, the discussion on microbial agents and atherosclerosis has mainly been centred on chlamydia pneumoniae. the strongest evidence linking chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerotic disease comes from in vitro experimental studies. in this review, we summarize and critically evaluate the available data of huma ... | 2007 | 18214121 |
| effects of atypical pneumonia agents on progression of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of various atypical pneumonia agents (chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae), which are considered to have a role in the ethiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in aortic biopsies without macroscopically visible plaque and in internal thoracic artery biopsies. | 2007 | 18214125 |
| inhibition of apoptosis in neuronal cells infected with chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae. | chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium that has been identified within cells in areas of neuropathology found in alzheimer disease (ad), including endothelia, glia, and neurons. depending on the cell type of the host, infection by c. pneumoniae has been shown to influence apoptotic pathways in both pro- and anti-apoptotic fashions. we have hypothesized that persistent chlamydial infection of neurons may be an important mediator of the characteristic neuropathology obs ... | 2008 | 18218130 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma and chlamydia pneumonia in severe community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized children in thailand. | pneumonia is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide, and mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are the two most common atypical pathogens. this study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical impact of mycoplasma and chlamydia pneumonia in children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. children 1 month-15 years old with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia (who criteria) were recruited between march 2005 and march 2006. serologic studies were performed for ... | 2008 | 18219132 |
| genome-wide analysis of chlamydophila pneumoniae gene expression at the late stage of infection. | chlamydophila pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular eubacterium, changes its form from a vegetative reticulate body into an infectious elementary body during the late stage of its infection cycle. comprehension of the molecular events in the morphological change is important to understand the switching mechanism between acute and chronic infection, which is deemed to relate to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. herein, we have attempted to screen genes expressed in the late stage with a genome ... | 2008 | 18222926 |
| [role of atypical pathogens in infectious exacerbations of copd]. | bacterial and viral infections are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations this study aimed to find out the frequency of typical and atypical pathogens in the etiology of copd exacerbations, to evaluate the effect of these infections on the prognosis of the disease and their relationship with the history, clinical and laboratory findings of the patients. typical agents were determined in 32.9% and atypical agents in in 37.1% of the patients. atypical pathogens ... | 2007 | 18224500 |
| identification and characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae-specific proteins that activate tumor necrosis factor alpha production in raw 264.7 murine macrophages. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen, which activates macrophages to induce inflammatory cytokines that may promote atherosclerosis. however, the antigens that induce macrophage activation have not been well defined. in the current study, three chlamydial proteins which are recognized during human infection, outer membrane protein 2 (omp2) and two 53-kda proteins (cpn 0980 and cpn 0809), were investigated to determine whether they activate macrophages and, if they do, what mecha ... | 2008 | 18227157 |
| the intermediate domain defines broad nucleotide selectivity for protein folding in chlamydophila groel1. | the chaperonin groel assists protein folding in the presence of atp and magnesium through substrate protein capsulation in combination with the cofactor groes. recent studies have revealed the details of folding cycles of groel from escherichia coli, yet little is known about the groel-assisted protein folding mechanisms in other bacterial species. using three model enzyme assays, we have found that groel1 from chlamydophila pneumoniae, an obligate human pathogen, has a broader selectivity for n ... | 2008 | 18230606 |
| transmission of chlamydophila pneumoniae from dendritic cells to macrophages does not require cell-to-cell contact in vitro. | chlamydophila pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) has been detected in macrophages (mø) and dendritic cells (dc) in vascular diseases. to understand the importance of these cell types in c. pneumoniae infection and transmission, we infected dc and cultivated them with mø in a coculture model system which precludes cell-to-cell contact during chlamydial infection. c. pneumoniae inside living dc were labeled and tracked with a red fluorescent ceramide dye. subsequently, red-coloured chlamydial inclusions w ... | 2008 | 18255180 |
| [infection-induced vascular disease: little evidence according to the koch's postulates]. | infections with cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, hiv and chlamydophila pneumoniae may contribute to the development of vascular disease by infecting the vascular wall directly or by initiating and propagating low-grade chronic inflammation. although this association appears plausible, it hardly fulfils koch's postulates. based on the results of large randomised trials, it appears that antibiotic treatment targeting c. pneumoniae does not reduce the incidence of new vascular events in patients w ... | 2007 | 18257433 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in adult asthmatics patients. | this study has attempted to investigate the prevalence of chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) infection in patients with asthma. | 2008 | 18259994 |
| in silico identification and in vivo analysis of a novel t-cell antigen from chlamydia, nrdb. | chlamydial infections are a serious economic burden and health threat to developed and developing countries. development of an efficacious vaccine is thought to be the most convenient, potentially reliable and cost effective option to control chlamydial infection and disease complications. currently there are very few efficacious vaccine candidates that have been identified and characterized. in this study we have identified a number of unique vaccine candidates using a novel in silico approach. ... | 2008 | 18261829 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae on cytospin preparations from bronchoalveolar lavage in copd patients and in lung tissue from advanced emphysema. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with smoking but other etiological factors contribute. chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing both acute and chronic respiratory tract infections. studies have revealed an association between chronic c. pneumoniae infection and copd, asthma and lung cancer but there have been difficulties detecting c. pneumoniae in the bronchial tree. cytospin slides prepared from bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 14 pa ... | 2007 | 18268939 |
| prediction of placental abruption by testing for c-reactive protein and chlamydial antibody levels in early pregnancy. | placental abruption may be a manifestation of acute and chronic inflammatory process. we wanted to assess the association of first-trimester serum c-reactive protein (crp), chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, chlamydia trachomatis antibodies or chlamydial heat-shock protein 60 (chsp60) antibodies to placental abruption. | 2008 | 18271885 |
| abdominal aortic aneurysm and infection with caga positive strains of helicobacter pylori. | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether virulent caga positive helicobacter pylori strains are those preferentially related to abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) rupture. several microorganisms have been linked to aneurysm development. chronic chlamydophila pneumoniae infection has been suggested as a possible contributing factor for the development and expansion of aaa. previous studies have shown increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in subjects harb ... | 2008 | 18274953 |
| infection and atherosclerosis. an alternative view on an outdated hypothesis. | already at the beginning of the 20th century, a potential role for microbes in vascular diseases was suggested. however, until the late '70 of that century, not much attention has been paid to this infection hypothesis. then, predominantly based on the pioneering work of fabricant et al., evidence for a contributing or even initiating role for microbes in atherosclerosis, as well as other vascular diseases, was accumulating. also, the seminal paper by saikku and co-workers, demonstrating serolog ... | 2008 | 18276989 |
| interactions between cdsd, cdsq, and cdsl, three putative chlamydophila pneumoniae type iii secretion proteins. | chlamydophila pneumoniae is a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes pneumonia and bronchitis and may contribute to atherosclerosis. the developmental cycle of c. pneumoniae includes a morphological transition from an infectious extracellular elementary body (eb) to a noninfectious intracellular reticulate body (rb) that divides by binary fission. the c. pneumoniae genome encodes a type iii secretion (t3s) apparatus that may be used to infect eukaryotic cells and to ... | 2008 | 18281400 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae derived from inclusions late in the infectious cycle induce aponecrosis in human aortic endothelial cells. | atherosclerosis is still the leading cause of death in the western world. besides known risk factors studies demonstrating chlamydophila pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) to be implicated in the progression of the disease, little is known about c. pneumoniae infection dynamics. we investigated whether c. pneumoniae induce cell death of human aortic endothelial cells, a cell type involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis, and whether chlamydial spots derive from inclusions. | 2008 | 18284660 |
| under the microscope: focus on chlamydia pneumoniae infection and multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns) of supposed autoimmune origin whose etiology still remains unknown. epidemiological studies suggest that ms pathogenesis could be related to an infection superimposed on a predisposing genetic background. however, at present, no direct evidence for an infectious implication in ms autoimmunity exists. recently, the potential role of chlamydia pneumoniae as a causative agent of ms has receiv ... | 2008 | 18289023 |
| pro-atherogenic lung and oral pathogens induce an inflammatory response in human and mouse mast cells. | a broad variety of microbes are present in atherosclerotic plaques and chronic bacterial infection increases the risk of atherosclerosis by mechanisms that have remained vague. one possible mechanism is that bacteria or bacterial products activate plaque mast cells that are known to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. here, we show by real-time pcr analysis and elisa that chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) and a periodontal pathogen, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (aa), both induc ... | 2009 | 18298659 |
| immunopathological aspects of age-related macular degeneration. | age-related macular degeneration (amd) represents a leading cause of blindness worldwide. while the clinical and histopathological aspects of amd are well characterized, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. recent findings suggest a role for immunologic processes in amd pathogenesis, including the age-related generation of extracellular deposits inside the brusch membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, recruitment of macrophages for clearance of these deposits, complement a ... | 2008 | 18299834 |
| multi locus sequence typing of chlamydiales: clonal groupings within the obligate intracellular bacteria chlamydia trachomatis. | the obligate intracellular growing bacterium chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases like trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity. several serovars and genotypes have been identified, but these could not be linked to clinical disease or outcome. the related chlamydophila pneumoniae, of which no subtypes are recognized, causes respiratory infections worldwide. we developed a multi locus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to understand the population genetic stru ... | 2008 | 18307777 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction methods, in situ hybridization, and enzyme immunoassay for detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic carotid plaques. | chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and has been shown by different methods to be present in atherosclerotic lesions. however, not all studies have found c. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic tissues. we compared polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods, in situ hybridization (ish), and measurement of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (clps) by enzyme immunoassay (eia) from homogenized atherosclerotic tissue in the detection of c. pneumoniae. in a study population of 110 ... | 2008 | 18308498 |
| simvastatin reduces chlamydophila pneumoniae-mediated histone modifications and gene expression in cultured human endothelial cells. | inflammatory activation of the endothelium by chlamydophila pneumoniae infection has been implicated in the development of chronic vascular lesions and coronary heart disease by seroepidemiological and animal studies. we tested the hypothesis that c. pneumoniae induced inflammatory gene expression is regulated by rho-gtpase-related histone modifications. c. pneumoniae infection induced the liberation of proinflammatory interleukin-6, interleukin-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macropha ... | 2008 | 18309103 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae groel1 protein is cell surface associated and required for infection of hep-2 cells. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an important obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates within an inclusion in the eukaryotic cell. the initial event of a chlamydial infection is the adherence to and subsequent uptake of the infectious elementary bodies (ebs) by the human cell. these processes require yet-unidentified bacterial and eukaryotic surface proteins. the groel1 protein, which exhibits a very strong antigenicity and in vitro can activate various eukaryotic cells, is a potential pathogenici ... | 2008 | 18310329 |
| chlamydia-like bacteria in respiratory samples of community-acquired pneumonia patients. | chlamydia-like bacteria, obligate intracellular relatives of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila pneumoniae, are widely distributed in nature. using a two-step nested and semi-nested pcr approach targeting the 16s rrna gene, we found dna of chlamydia-like bacteria in respiratory samples from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. of 387 cases tested, four (1.03%) tested positive if only sequences showing less than 99.9% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to known chlamydiae were consider ... | 2008 | 18312573 |
| expression of bacterial genes and induction of inf-gamma in human myeloid dendritic cells during persistent infection with chlamydophila pneumoniae. | the interactions between human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) and chlamydophila pneumoniae (cpn) infection were investigated. cpn infection induced the maturation and functional activation of dcs, and cpn antigens were present in all of the subpopulations during the maturation process. chlamydial antigens were detected in dcs during an observation period of 28 days. the exponential production of infectious elementary bodies was not observed. chlamydial transcripts of the 16s rrna gene, g ... | 2008 | 18312581 |
| prediction of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the role of c-reactive protein. | several studies have suggested that inflammation and infection may be important for accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, but few data are available on subjects with early stages of atherosclerosis. | 2008 | 18317426 |
| high sensitivity c-reactive protein and immunoglobulin g against chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydial heat shock protein-60 in ischemic heart disease. | inflammation and infectious agents such as chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with cardiovascular disease. | 2008 | 18319525 |
| use of cethromycin, a new ketolide, for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. | the ketolides are a subclass of macrolides, which were designed specifically to overcome macrolide-resistant respiratory pathogens. ketolides lack the cladinose sugar, which is replaced with a 3-ketone group. ketolides bind to a secondary region on domain ii of the 23s rrna subunit. telithromycin was the first ketolide to be approved by the fda in 2004 for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and sinusitis. however, in 2006, after repo ... | 2008 | 18321237 |
| comment on: unexpected antimicrobial effect of statins. | | 2008 | 18321843 |
| socs-1 protects against chlamydia pneumoniae-induced lethal inflammation but hampers effective bacterial clearance. | suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (socs1) plays a major role in the inhibition of stat1-mediated responses. stat1-dependent responses are critical for resistance against infection with chlamydia pneumoniae. we studied the regulation of expression of socs1 and socs3, and the role of socs1 during infection with c. pneumoniae in mice. bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm) and dendritic cells in vitro or lungs in vivo all showed enhanced stat1-dependent socs1 mrna accumulation after infection with ... | 2008 | 18322213 |
| role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthma in northeast of iran. | the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in asthma has drawn much attention in recent years. in this study we assessed the prevalence of c. pneumoniae infections in patients with chronic stable and acute exacerbation of asthma and compared it with normal population. twenty adult patients with chronic stable asthma and 21 patients with acute exacerbations of asthma and 41 matched control subjects were studied for presence of c. pneumoniae using cell culture. this study suggests that positive results of c ... | 2008 | 18322313 |
| an open, randomized, comparative study of clarithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia. | this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. | 2008 | 18327427 |
| efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycins in a mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. | the efficacy of rifalazil and other benzoxazinorifamycins was tested in a mouse model of lung infection against chlamydia pneumoniae. rifalazil and six related new chemical entities all showed efficacy after one dose per day for 3 days at either 3 or 1 mg/kg of body weight. | 2008 | 18332169 |
| role of toll-like receptors in immune responses to chlamydial infections. | chlamydiae are important human pathogens which are leading causative agents for a variety of disease conditions including ocular, respiratory and sexually transmitted diseases, thus causing significant morbidity worldwide. many of the human diseases caused by chlamydia species are considered to be immunopathologically mediated. toll like receptors (tlrs) have emerged as one of the major components of the immune system. recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) by tlrs results ... | 2008 | 18336303 |
| role of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. | cardiovascular disease, resulting from atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. genetic predisposition and classical environmental risk factors explain much of the attributable risk for cardiovascular events in populations, but other risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which can be identified and modified, may be important therapeutic targets. infectious agents, such as chlamydia pneumoniae, have been proposed as contributory factors ... | 2008 | 18336368 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlamydophila pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin m in acute respiratory tract infection. | the study evaluated a newly developed elisa (hitazyme chlamydophila pneumoniae) for detecting anti-c. pneumoniae-specific igm antibody, by comparing the elisa assay to a microimmunofluorescence (mif) test and immunoblotting. | 2008 | 18339033 |
| [henoch-schönlein purpura and chlamydophila pneumoniae]. | | 2008 | 18341892 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae growth inhibition in cells by the steroid receptor antagonist ru486 (mifepristone). | since steroids are powerful anti-inflammatory agents and increase susceptibility to a variety of infections, including chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae respiratory tract infections, the effect of the steroid receptor antagonist ru486 (mifepristone) on c. pneumoniae growth in epithelial hep-2 cells was examined. treatment of hep-2 cells with ru486 significantly inhibited the growth of c. pneumoniae in a dose-dependent manner. electron microscopic studies also revealed that the treatment of in ... | 2008 | 18347111 |
| infection-induced inflammatory response of adipocytes in vitro. | abdominal obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but adipocyte dysfunction is thought to be crucial. infections are associated with the development of atherosclerosis as well as diabetes. in this study we investigated whether adipocytes can be infected and whether this results in production of inflammatory cytokines relevant for the development of atherosclerosis and diab ... | 2008 | 18347604 |
| correlation between rises in chlamydia pneumoniae-specific antibodies, platelet activation and lipid peroxidation after percutaneous coronary intervention. | we recently showed that chlamydia pneumoniae activates platelets in vitro, with an associated oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. the aim of this study was to investigate whether c. pneumoniae is released during percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) and, thereby, causes platelet activation and lipid peroxidation. seventy-three patients undergoing coronary angiography and following pci or coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) and 57 controls were included in the study. c. pneumoniae antibodie ... | 2008 | 18350325 |
| surfactant protein d is expressed and modulates inflammatory responses in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. | surfactant protein d (sp-d) is a constituent of the innate immune system that plays a role in the host defense against lung pathogens and in modulating inflammatory responses. while sp-d has been detected in extrapulmonary tissues, little is known about its expression and function in the vasculature. immunostaining of human coronary artery tissue sections demonstrated immunoreactive sp-d protein in smooth muscle cells (smcs) and endothelial cells. sp-d was also detected in isolated human coronar ... | 2008 | 18359891 |
| [atypical infection of the respiratory tract and bronchial asthma]. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. among etiologic pathogens, atypical bacteria, including mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophilla are important. the etiologic diagnosis of these infections still remains difficult. this is mainly due to the absence of characteristic clinical findings and the available detection methods. the potential role of atypical bacteria in ... | 2007 | 18361312 |
| evaluation of different nucleic acid amplification techniques for the detection of m. pneumoniae, c. pneumoniae and legionella spp. in respiratory specimens from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | the number of pathogens involved in community-acquired pneumonia, with varying susceptibilities to antimicrobials, is numerous constituting an enormous challenge for diagnostic microbiology. differentiation of infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae and those due to mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, or l. pneumophila as well as those due to viruses is essential to allow correct decisions concerning the antibiotics to be administered. the sensitivity and specificity of real-time ... | 2008 | 18378345 |
| immunoproteomic identification and serological responses to novel chlamydia pneumoniae antigens that are associated with persistent c. pneumoniae infections. | the controversial discussion about the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis cannot be solved without a reliable diagnosis that allows discrimination between past and persistent infections. using a proteomic approach and immunoblotting with human sera, we identified 31 major c. pneumoniae ags originating from 27 different c. pneumoniae proteins. more than half of the proteins represent chlamydia ags not described previously. using a comparative analysis of spot reactivity pmp6, omp2, g ... | 2008 | 18390732 |
| surfactant protein d: not just for the lung anymore. | | 2008 | 18390823 |
| probing the functional tolerance of the b subunit of escherichia coli atp synthase for sequence manipulation through a chimera approach. | a dimer of 156-residue b subunits forms the peripheral stator stalk of eubacterial atp synthase. dimerization is mediated by a sequence with an unusual 11-residue (hendecad) repeat pattern, implying a right-handed coiled coil structure. we investigated the potential for producing functional chimeras in the b subunit of escherichia coli atp synthase by replacing parts of its sequence with corresponding regions of the b subunits from other eubacteria, sequences from other polypeptides having simil ... | 2008 | 18395001 |
| comparison of serological tests for detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to chlamydophila pneumoniae. | to evaluate an enzyme immunoassay (eia) (anilab c. pneumoniae) for detecting anti-chlamydophila pneumoniae-specific igm antibody, by comparing it with an elisa, hitazyme c. pneumoniae, and a micro-immunofluorescence (mif) test. | 2008 | 18399867 |
| detection of infectious agents by polymerase chain reaction in human aortic wall. | several studies have been suggested that infectious agents may induce or progress the process of atherosclerosis in humans. in the present study, the samples of visually healthy human aortic wall were examined for the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv). | 2008 | 18402822 |
| intragastric primary infection sensitizes to lung reinfection in a chlamydia pneumoniae mouse model. | the most frequently used infection route in chlamydia pneumoniae animal models is intranasal (i.n.), while the intragastric (i.g.) infection route has not been studied previously. the aim of the present study was to examine the course of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice infected via the i.g. route and to compare the outcome of i.n. reinfection in these mice to i.n. reinfection of primarily i.n. infected mice. c57bl/6jbom mice were used, and the infection was monitored using chlamydial cult ... | 2008 | 18433949 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae changes iron homeostasis in infected tissues. | many bacteria, including chlamydophila pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae), are dependent on iron (fe) for their growth. however, it is not known whether bacterial infections affect gastrointestinal uptake and uptake of trace elements in infected tissues. a human c. pneumoniae strain adapted to c57bl/6j mice was used to study hepcidin gene expression in the liver and divalent metal transporter 1 (dmt1) content in the liver and intestine and whether fe is concomitantly changed in serum, liver, and intesti ... | 2008 | 18436480 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae and endothelial activation: the smoke that precedes the fire of atherosclerosis? | | 2008 | 18436797 |
| characterization and intracellular localization of putative chlamydia pneumoniae effector proteins. | we here describe four proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae, which might play a role in host-pathogen interaction. the hypothetical bacterial proteins cpn0708 and cpn0712 were detected in chlamydia pneumoniae-infected host cells by indirect immunofluorescence tests with polyclonal antisera raised against the respective proteins. while cpn0708 was localized within the inclusion body, cpn0712 was identified in the inclusion membrane and in the surrounding host cell cytosol. cpn0712 colocalizes with act ... | 2008 | 18449565 |
| the effect of chlamydia pneumoniae on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in vascular smooth muscle cells. | this study was designed to investigate the change of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) after the infection of the human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hcsmcs) with chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) and the effect of ppargamma agonist on the expression of ppargamma of c. pneumoniae-infected hcsmcs. | 2008 | 18452259 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in il-10 knock out mice: accelerated clearance but severe pulmonary inflammatory response. | in interleukin-10 knock out (il-10 ko) mice, accelerated clearance of pulmonary chlamydia pneumoniae infection was observed. on the other hand, the histopathological changes in lung tissue were more pronounced in il-10 ko mice at all time points after infection and repeated infection than in the wild type mice. both ex vivo induced antigen-specific proliferation as well as production of proinflammatory cytokines by splenocytes were higher in il-10 ko mice than in wt mice. also, intrapulmonary pr ... | 2008 | 18456450 |
| a meta-analysis of antibiotic use for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. | a number of clinical trials have examined whether antibiotics decrease the incidence of adverse events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. however, results have occasionally been conflicting, and a meta-analysis may provide additional clarification. | 2008 | 18464945 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection and hyperlipidaemia-induced expression of p50 and c-fos in the heart of c57bl6j mice. | the objective of this study was to investigate infection by chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) and the combined effects of an atherogenic diet on the expression of ap-1 or the subunit of ap-1 (c-fos) and nf-kappab or the subunit of nf-kappab (p50) in myocardial cells of c57bl/6j mice. | 2008 | 18468197 |
| extreme temperature tolerance of a hyperthermophilic protein coupled to residual structure in the unfolded state. | understanding the mechanisms that dictate protein stability is of large relevance, for instance, to enable design of temperature-tolerant enzymes with high enzymatic activity over a broad temperature interval. in an effort to identify such mechanisms, we have performed a detailed comparative study of the folding thermodynamics and kinetics of the ribosomal protein s16 isolated from a mesophilic (s16(meso)) and hyperthermophilic (s16(thermo)) bacterium by using a variety of biophysical methods. a ... | 2008 | 18471828 |
| anti-chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies as associated factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with aids. | atherosclerosis is a multifactor disease. lately, infectious factors such as c. pneumoniae have been found to be involved. to determine whether the infection by c. pneumoniae is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with aids. case-control study on 43 patients with aids under haart (16 cases and 27 controls). to document atherosclerosis, a carotid and transcranial doppler ultrasound was performed. anti-c pneumoniae antibodies were searched using a microimmunofluorescence test for igm and ... | 2008 | 18473791 |
| association of alzheimer's disease and chlamydophila pneumoniae. | this paper critically reviews the association of infection by chlamydophila pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) and alzheimer's disease (ad). the aging population has increased interest in finding the cause of ad, but studies have yielded contradictory results that are likely due to varying diagnostic tools and different uses of diagnostic tests. knowledge of ad's characteristics, risk factors, and hypothesized etiologies has expanded since alois alzheimer's initial description of ad. epidemiologic and p ... | 2008 | 18474399 |
| pneumonia in pregnancy. | pneumonia complicating pregnancy requires a prompt diagnosis and the institution of adequate supportive and antimicrobial therapy. in a patient with a classic presentation of pneumonia, the most likely pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. in a patient with an atypical presentation of pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are frequently encountered. in a patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), pneumocystis carinii is the ... | 1995 | 18475411 |
| immunopathogenesis of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children. | | 1996 | 18476082 |
| rapid and simple diagnosis of chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia by an immunochromatographic test for detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies. | to evaluate a newly developed immunochromatographic test (the myset test) for the detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin m antibodies, the results obtained by the myset test were compared with those obtained by two serological tests. the sensitivity and specificity of the myset test were 100% and 92.9%, respectively. the myset test is rapid and simple to use and is thought to be a useful tool for the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy. | 2008 | 18480232 |
| maternal serum chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and crp levels in women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. | to determine whether chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and highly sensitive c-reactive protein (hscrp) levels in maternal sera are associated with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. | 2008 | 18484420 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae and the etiology of late-onset alzheimer's disease. | sporadic, late-onset alzheimer's disease (load) is a non-familial, progressive neurodegenerative disease that is now the most common and severe form of dementia in the elderly. that dementia is a direct result of neuronal damage and loss associated with accumulations of abnormal protein deposits in the brain. great strides have been made in the past 20 years with regard to understanding the pathological entities that arise in the ad brain, both for familial ad ( approximately 5% of all cases) an ... | 2008 | 18487846 |
| increased infiltration of chlamydophila pneumoniae in the vessel wall of human veins after perfusion. | several studies have suggested an association between chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) infection and atherosclerosis. a recent study detected cp dna in the saphenous vein of 12% of all patients before bypass grafting and in 38% of failed grafts. we used a system in which human veins were perfused with autologous blood under arterial pressure. | 2008 | 18489582 |
| severe asthma exacerbation: role of acute chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. | chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae are associated with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (aeba). the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between these acute bacterial infections and the severity of aeba. | 2008 | 18513407 |
| inflammatory- and immune responses in relation to bacterial replication in mice following re-infections with chlamydophila pneumoniae. | investigation of chronic infections with chlamydophila pneumoniae. | 2008 | 18516711 |
| [periodontitis and cardiovascular disease]. | the prevalence of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (cvd) is high. a mixed infectious biofilm etiology of periodontitis is known but not fully established in cvd. cofactors; smoking habits, stress, ethnicity, genetics, socioeconomics and age contribute to both diseases. the objectives of this report are to summarize factors in regards to cvd and periodontitis that are clinically relevant. the hypothesis behind a relationship between the two conditions can be founded in (i) shared infectio ... | 2008 | 18517068 |
| selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors prevent the growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in hl cells. | the effects of the selective cyclooxygenase (cox) inhibitors sc-560 and ptpbs were studied in chlamydia pneumoniae-infected hl cell cultures. chlamydia pneumoniae growth and viability were assessed by quantifying inclusions and re-passages. cox-1 and cox-2 mrna expression in hl cells during chlamydial infection was quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. sc-560 (10 microg/ml) and ptpbs (18 microg/ml) completely inhibited the growth of c. pneumoniae and the effect was dose-dependent ... | 2008 | 18524544 |
| amalgamation of chlamydia pneumoniae inclusions with lipid droplets in foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaque. | chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydophila pneumoniae) infect macrophages and accelerates foam cell formation in in vitro experiments, but whether this might occur in human atherosclerosis is unknown. in the present study, we examined 17 carotid artery segments, obtained by endarterectomy, in which the presence of c. pneumoniae was confirmed by both polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of structures with the appearance of elementary, reticula ... | 2008 | 18528704 |
| minocycline treatment results in reduced oral steroid requirements in adult asthma. | the tetracycline antibiotics have pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties that may explain their therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis and acne. as these agents suppress both cellular and humoral immune responses, they may be of benefit in treating asthma and other allergic disorders. the purpose of this study was to determine whether minocycline therapy of asthma has steroid sparing effects beyond its inherent antibiotic properties. adult asthmatic patients (n = 17) were treated with min ... | 2008 | 18534087 |