| partial characterization of mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium smegmatis auxotrophs by syntrophism using bacillus subtilis. | syntrophism (cross-feeding) could be demonstrated between mutants of mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium smegmatis, and previously characterized mutants of bacillus subtilis, auxotrophic for arginine, histidine, lysine or phenylalanine. based on this cross-feeding data, the possible site of blockage in the biosynthetic pathways of the mutants could be inferred. | 1989 | 2632668 |
| influence of naproxen on uterine pgf2 alpha and the antifertility effect of iuds in rats. | an iud was implanted into one horn of the uterus in each of our experimental rats. the animals were mated with males of proven fertility about 2 weeks later. at day 1 of gestation (positive mating smear), the animals were treated with oral naproxen at 2 mg/kg per day or 20 mg/kg per day for 10 consecutive days. control animals received saline. at day 16 the animals were sacrificed and the implantation rates and fetal survival and pregnancy rates were determined. the iud completely prevented feta ... | 1989 | 2633796 |
| short chain fatty acid-induced colitis in mice. | short-chain fatty acids (e.g. acetic, propionic and butyric acid) are metabolic products produced by colonic bacteria. since intra-rectal instillation of dilute acetic acid to rats and cats has been reported to produce a diffuse colitis similar to the human disease, in our study we have investigated the effect of intra-rectal butyric acid in mice. male bka mice (n = 6) received 01 ml of dilute butyric acid by intra-rectal instillation which was flushed out with saline after 10 sec. control anima ... | 1989 | 2634625 |
| effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation in guinea pigs. | this experiment was carried out to explore the effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation, using hartly strain guinea pigs. for the in vivo experiments, estradiol benzoate 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg was injected into male guinea pigs to observe the effects of this drug on platelet aggregation. in vitro studies were performed by incubating platelet-rich plasma with estradiol benzoate for 30 minutes at 37 degrees c. aggregation was induced by the addition of aggregating agents: adenosine diphosphate (adp, ... | 1989 | 2634732 |
| effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation in guinea pigs. | this experiment was carried out to explore the effect of estrogen on platelet aggregation, using hartly strain guinea pigs. for the in vivo experiments, estradiol benzoate 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg was injected into male guinea pigs to observe the effects of this drug on platelet aggregation. in vitro studies were performed by incubating platelet-rich plasma with estradiol benzoate for 30 minutes at 37 degrees c. aggregation was induced by the addition of aggregating agents: adenosine diphosphate (adp, ... | 1989 | 2634732 |
| experimental allograft in spinal fusion in dogs. | fifty-six dogs were used for the comparison of the allogenous and autogenous bone graft in anterior interbody and posterior spinal fusion. excluding 7 cases with wound infections, the end results of the allograft and autograft in anterior interbody and posterior spinal fusion were nearly the same, provided that the rules of technique for the spinal fusion were strictly followed, especially in the allograft group. grossly, there was a reduction tendency in the fusion mass of the allograft group t ... | 1989 | 2634734 |
| experimental allograft in spinal fusion in dogs. | fifty-six dogs were used for the comparison of the allogenous and autogenous bone graft in anterior interbody and posterior spinal fusion. excluding 7 cases with wound infections, the end results of the allograft and autograft in anterior interbody and posterior spinal fusion were nearly the same, provided that the rules of technique for the spinal fusion were strictly followed, especially in the allograft group. grossly, there was a reduction tendency in the fusion mass of the allograft group t ... | 1989 | 2634734 |
| cholera epidemic and natural disasters; where is the link. | in may 1985, a cyclone and tidal surge devastated sandwip, an island off the southern corner of bangladesh. within one week after this disaster a cholera epidemic broke out. it resulted in 12,194 registered cases and 51 deaths. the factors contributing to the occurrence of the epidemic are analyzed. | 1989 | 2635456 |
| dosimetric equivalence of tar deposition in rodents and man. | it has proved very difficult to produce cancer in laboratory animals following the inhalation of tar from cigarette smoke. amongst other factors, this may be due to the dose that animals get in comparison to humans. data reported here suggest that the average dose to the bronchial region of the lung, estimated using radiotracer techniques, may be a factor of 4 lower. the local dose to the carinal is also discussed; this may be lower still. | 1989 | 2637178 |
| non-o:1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia. | | 1989 | 2638813 |
| distribution, oxygenation, and clonogenicity of macrophages in a murine tumor. | transplantable murine tumors, such as the squamous cell carcinoma growing in c3h mice, include a significant proportion of normal cells. the nature of these cells, their locations relative to the blood supply, their oxygenation status, and ability to incorporate 3h-thymidine were examined by sorting cells staining positive or negative with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse igg. of the cells that were recovered from this tumor, 39% +/- 19 (n = 25) were igg+ cells, and this perc ... | 1989 | 2639726 |
| an epidemic of vibrio cholerae el tor inaba resistant to several antibiotics with a conjugative group c plasmid coding for type ii dihydrofolate reductase in thailand. | between june and october 1982, vibrio cholerae el tor inaba phage type russian 13, resistant to ampicillin (ap), chloramphenicol (cm), colistin, neomycin (nm), kanamycin (km), gentamicin (gm), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz), and tetracycline (tc), was isolated from 31 children with diarrhea at a hospital in samutsakorn, thailand. thirty of these children were less than 2 years of age and were admitted to a single pediatric ward. seventeen of the cases, infected with v. cholerae (marv) r ... | 1989 | 2641646 |
| an eltor cholera outbreak in an endemic community of calcutta. | | 1989 | 2641736 |
| an outbreak of eltor cholera in rural population of barmer in rajasthan state of india, aug-sep 1987. | | 1989 | 2641752 |
| controlled clinical trial of adjuvant immunotherapy with bcg and neuraminidase-treated autologous tumour cells in large bowel cancer. | a controlled, randomised clinical trial of immunotherapy was performed in 301 patients with stage b or c colorectal cancer. the immunotherapy treatment consisted of 18 vaccinations over a 2 year period following surgery with a combination of bcg given by scarification plus subcutaneous injection of vibrio cholera neuraminidase (vcn)-modified autologous tumour cells. five year follow-up has now been completed in all patients. the immunotherapy did not alter either the disease-free interval or the ... | 1989 | 2642566 |
| lack of umudc gene functions in vibrio cholerae cells. | attempts to identify an umudc analog, using interspecific complementation of escherichia coli mutants with plasmids containing a gene bank of vibrio cholerae, were not successful. the dna from none of the vibrio species examined including marine vibrios hybridized to e. coli umuc and umud gene sequences. these cells are not mutable by ultraviolet (uv) light and cannot weigle-reactivate uv-irradiated choleraphages, suggesting that vibrios are deficient in the umudc operon. this possibility is sup ... | 1989 | 2642599 |
| large-scale purification of human islets utilizing discontinuous albumin gradient on ibm 2991 cell separator. | a new method is described for the large-scale purification of human pancreatic islets with a discontinuous gradient of bovine serum albumin formed on an ibm 2991 cell separator. fifteen human pancreases were processed, and after density-gradient centrifugation, a mean of 2643 islets/ml pancreatic digest were recovered with a mean purity of 63% and contained in 430 microliter mean vol. viability of gradient-isolated islets was compared with that of non-density-gradient islets (handpicked) and sho ... | 1989 | 2642839 |
| effects of hypercortisolemia and diabetes on skeletal muscle insulin receptor function in vitro and in vivo. | activation of skeletal muscle insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo was studied in two rat models of insulin resistance: insulinopenic diabetes and hypercortisolemia. in control rats, intravenous insulin administration resulted in dose-dependent in vivo activation of the muscle insulin receptor kinase towards histone h2b. half-maximal and maximal activation were observed 5 min after injecting 0.1 and 0.5 u insulin/100 g, respectively. diabetes (7 days) induced with streptozotocin ... | 1989 | 2643342 |
| chemotactic properties of rat immunoglobulins and immune complexes. | the effect of rat immunoglobulins and immune complexes on the locomotor function of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) was investigated in vitro. rat immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg2a, igg2b, and iga monoclonal antibodies specific for the dinitrophenyl hapten were used. both monomeric and polymeric iga showed chemotactic activity in a dose-dependent manner. igg1 and igg2b also induced a dose-dependent locomotor response of pmn, but the nature of the induced migration was chemokinetic (enhancin ... | 1989 | 2643569 |
| chemotactic properties of rat immunoglobulins and immune complexes. | the effect of rat immunoglobulins and immune complexes on the locomotor function of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) was investigated in vitro. rat immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg2a, igg2b, and iga monoclonal antibodies specific for the dinitrophenyl hapten were used. both monomeric and polymeric iga showed chemotactic activity in a dose-dependent manner. igg1 and igg2b also induced a dose-dependent locomotor response of pmn, but the nature of the induced migration was chemokinetic (enhancin ... | 1989 | 2643569 |
| two hypotheses on the feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion. | we review the mechanisms underlying the feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to a meal. pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat and pig is known to be regulated by a negative feedback mechanism mediated by intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin. such a mechanism has recently been noted in humans. the presence of these enzymes in the small intestine suppresses pancreatic enzyme secretion, whereas their removal increases it. two novel peptides have been proposed to account fo ... | 1989 | 2644146 |
| plasmid dna analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis on an epidemic-associated strain of trimethoprim resistant shiga's bacillus from gimira wereda (keffa administrative region, southwest ethiopia). | a combination of genetic mating experiments and plasmid dna analysis by gel electrophoresis was carried out on an epidemic-associated shiga's bacillus with resistance type acssuttp, isolated in 1983 from gimira wereda, keffa administrative region, south west ethiopia. the donor strain contained 9 plasmid species. their sizes in megadaltons (mdal) were: 120, 40, 35, 12.5, 6.0, 5.1, 4.3, 2.5 and 1.7. analysis of escherichia coli k12 transconjugants revealed that the 40, 35, and 4.3 mdal plasmids c ... | 1989 | 2646117 |
| dexamethasone regulation of the expression of cytokine mrnas induced by interleukin-1 in the astrocytoma cell line u373mg. | bsf-2/il-6, gm-csf and il-1 beta mrnas were induced by recombinant il-1 in human astrocytoma cell line u373mg. the induction of bsf-2/il-6 and il-1 beta mrnas did not require de novo protein synthesis while that of gm-csf mrna required a newly synthesized protein. dexamethasone inhibited the induction of these cytokine mrnas by il-1. this process seems to require continued protein synthesis. these results suggest that the production of these cytokines are positively and negatively controlled by ... | 1989 | 2646146 |
| identification of toxs, a regulatory gene whose product enhances toxr-mediated activation of the cholera toxin promoter. | we describe the cloning of the toxs gene from vibrio cholerae e1 tor strain e7946. this gene lies downstream from the toxr gene, which encodes the transcriptional activator for the cholera toxin (ctx) operon in v. cholerae. we show that toxs acts in conjunction with toxr to activate expression of the ctx operon in escherichia coli. the classical strain 569b, which is attenuated for virulance but which synthesizes high levels of cholera toxin in vitro, carries a deletion of 1.2 kilobase pairs of ... | 1989 | 2646275 |
| [has human brucellosis disappeared from switzerland?]. | | 1989 | 2646675 |
| [adsorption potency of 2 clays, smectite and kaolin on bacterial enterotoxins. in vitro study in cell culture and in the intestine of newborn mice]. | the use of clays in the treatment of enterocolitis is justified by their ability to adsorb viruses, biliary acids and bacterial toxins secreted into the intestinal lumen. we have studied the in vitro inactivation of the lt toxins of vibrio cholerae and e. coli, the st toxin of etec and the verotoxin of ehec. these various toxins were incubated with two types of clays, smectite and kaolin, to investigate the influence of dose, ph variations and the duration of contact of the clays with the toxins ... | 1989 | 2647564 |
| use of megestrol acetate in cats. | | 1989 | 2647696 |
| a theoretical approach to school-based hiv prevention. | to develop effective school-based programs to prevent the spread of aids, programmers must apply principles related to learning and behavior change. due to the complexity of influencing contemporary adolescent sexual behavior, a multidisciplinary approach using multiple intervention strategies is essential. health promotion efforts should include policy mandates, direct intervention, instruction, environmental support, media, role modeling, and social support. consistent, continuous messages thr ... | 1989 | 2648068 |
| oral and pharyngeal candidiasis. topical agents for management and prevention. | about half of the general population harbors candida species in oral flora, and oral candidal infections are common. however, in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients, candidiasis may progress to life-threatening systemic disease. patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hiv disease, diabetes, or leukemia are particularly prone to serious systemic infection. chemotherapy for cancer and bone marrow and organ transplantation also provide physio ... | 1989 | 2648372 |
| alteration of proteins reacting with antibody to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by endogenous proteases of staphylococcus aureus. | many cases of toxic shock syndrome (tss) have been associated with staphylococcus aureus strains that produce in vitro a 22,000-dalton protein called toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1). tsst-1 has been shown to be linked phenotypically to the production of the type ii (thiol) staphylococcal protease; however, some strains clearly associated with tss do not produce tsst-1. with the use of a variety of antibodies to tsst-1, representatives of both tsst-1-positive and tsst-1-negative tss-associa ... | 1989 | 2648536 |
| bacterial growth and toxin production in ileostomy effluents. | escherichia coli (2), vibrio cholerae (2) and aeromonas sobria (1) strains were examined for their ability to grow and produce toxins in samples of ileostomy fluid. three categories of response were observed: no detectable growth, growth without detectable toxin, and growth with detectable toxin. clear differences were apparent between samples of ileostomy fluid obtained from different individuals and between samples obtained from the same individual at different times. the patterns of response ... | 1989 | 2649680 |
| glycosylation is not required for the fusion activity of the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus in insect cells. | the gene encoding the complete glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, indiana serotype g protein) with potential asparagine-linked glycans at amino acid residues 179 and 338 was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector pacym1, derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv). the gene was placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promotor and expressed by the derived recombinant viruses to high levels in spodoptera frugiperda cell lines. the princ ... | 1989 | 2650461 |
| relevance of hepatitis b viral dna in assessment of potential liver allograft recipients. | | 1989 | 2652828 |
| amino acid sequence of a 15 kilodalton actin-binding fragment of turkey gizzard caldesmon: similarity with dystrophin, tropomyosin and the tropomyosin-binding region of troponin t. | we have determined the amino acid sequence of a 15 kda actin-binding fragment of turkey gizzard caldesmon. the 96-residue fragment contains 29 acidic and 29 basic residues, and is predicted to have an extended helical conformation stabilized by numerous internal salt bridges. cad15 bears some resemblance to dystrophin, tropomyosin and several other proteins, but is most strikingly similar to the tropomyosin-binding segment of troponin t. | 1989 | 2653315 |
| campylobacter jejuni chromosomal sequences that hybridize to vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli lt enterotoxin genes. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the main etiologic agents of gastrointestinal illness in developing and developed areas throughout the world. isolation of enterotoxin-producing c. jejuni has been associated with clinical symptoms of a watery-secretory type of diarrhea. although physiological and immunological relatedness has been demonstrated between the c. jejuni enterotoxin (cjt), the vibrio cholerae enterotoxin (ct), and the heat-labile cholera-like escherichia coli enterotoxin (lt), nucleotid ... | 1989 | 2653963 |
| chromosomal transfer and in vivo cloning of genes in vibrio cholerae using rp4::mini-mu. | the rp4::mini-mu replicon has been used to transfer chromosomal genes by conjugation and to clone in vivo metabolic, toxin and flagellar genes of vibrio cholerae. rp4::mini-mu was introduced into several strains of v. cholerae and these strains were mated with v. cholerae or escherichia coli k-12 recipients. r'-episomes carrying the respective genes were maintained in reca recipients and were detected by complementation of auxotrophic, nontoxinogenic and aflagellate mutations in v. cholerae. | 1989 | 2653964 |
| heterogeneity of the exocrine pancreas. | the exocrine pancreas is generally considered to be a homogeneous organ at the morphological and functional levels. recent work, reviewed here, has provided multiple reasons to question this. morphologically, differences have been found in cell size and digestive enzyme content in "peri-" vs. "teleinsular" acini by methods including acinar separation, enzyme assay, and both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. detection of several blood group antigens in human acinar tissue showed ... | 1989 | 2655473 |
| in situ survival of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli in a tropical rain forest watershed. | for 12 months, vibrio cholerae and fecal coliform densities were monitored along with nine other water quality parameters at 12 sites in a rain forest watershed in puerto rico. densities of v. cholerae and fecal coliforms were not significantly correlated, even though the highest densities of both bacteria were found at a sewage outfall. high densities of v. cholerae were also found at pristine sites at the highest point in the watershed. the density of escherichia coli and v. cholerae in membra ... | 1989 | 2655536 |
| control of diarrheal diseases. | the tremendous advances made in the control of diarrheal diseases in the past few years indicate what more can be achieved. even though the lives of an estimated three quarters of a million children are being saved each year, over three million children are still dying from readily preventable diarrheal disease. the challenge is to build on the successes thus far, to learn from experience, to promote changes in health habits that will prevent diarrhea, and to make all of these activities sustain ... | 1989 | 2655632 |
| 1h-nmr studies of synthetic polypeptide models of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein tandemly repeated sequence. | the major immunodominant region of the coating protein of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites contains multiple tandem copies of the sequence asn-ala-asn-pro (nanp). current efforts for the development of an antisporozoite vaccine are focused on the synthesis of polypeptides reproducing part of the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence and, in an attempt to relate conformational properties and biological response, 1h-nmr one- and two-dimensional studies of the synthetic models (nanp)2na and (na ... | 1989 | 2655733 |
| effects of peptidases on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory responses of tracheal smooth muscle: a comparison with effects on vip- and phi-induced relaxation. | 1. the effects of peptidase enzymes on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (nanc) inhibitory responses of guinea-pig trachea to electrical field stimulation (efs), and on relaxations induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) and peptide histidine isoleucine (phi) have been examined. 2. alpha-chymotrypsin reduced both the magnitude and, particularly, the duration of the inhibitory response to efs, whereas papain reduced only the magnitude. aprotinin, a peptidase inhibitor prevented the effects o ... | 1989 | 2655804 |
| detection of antigens from gram-negative bacilli in urine of children with urinary tract infections. i. common antigen of enterobacteriaceae. | enterobacterial common antigen (eca) has attracted considerable interest since the original publication by kunin in 1962. in the present study we demonstrated this antigen directly in the urine from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) elicited by enterobacteria. sheep erythrocytes were incubated with uti urine; this resulted in their coating with eca, which was studied by means of hemagglutination by anti-eca serum. test tube hemagglutination and the more simple slide hemagglutination w ... | 1989 | 2656534 |
| asymmetric dna bending induced by the yeast multifunctional factor tuf. | tuf is a yeast regulatory factor that binds to conserved dna sequence elements involved in gene activation or silencing as well as in telomere function. using gel electrophoresis analyses, we show here that tuf induces dna bending at a site located upstream of the recognition sequence (rpg box). several point mutations in the rpg box reduced tuf binding strength without affecting the extent of bending. selective proteolysis of tuf.dna complexes further suggested the existence of two separate pro ... | 1989 | 2656680 |
| [survey on overseas traveller's diarrhea at narita airport quarantine station--the species of bacteria isolated and the suspected countries for infection]. | | 1989 | 2657132 |
| [clinical features of overseas travellers' infectious enteritis admitted in the hospitals for infectious diseases]. | | 1989 | 2657133 |
| hormonal regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression is mediated through modulation of an already disrupted chromatin structure. | we used indirect end labeling to identify a series of five hypersensitive (hs) sites in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) gene in h4iie rat hepatoma cells. these sites were found at -4800 base pairs (bp) (site a), at -1300 bp (site b), over a broad domain between -400 and -30 bp (site c), at +4650 bp (site d), and at +6200 bp (site e). sites a to d were detected only in cells capable of expressing the pepck gene, whereas site e was present in all of the cells examined thus far. the h ... | 1989 | 2657389 |
| pro-sequence of subtilisin can guide the refolding of denatured subtilisin in an intermolecular process. | subtilisin e, an alkaline serine protease consisting of a single polypeptide chain of 275 amino acids is produced from a pre-pro-protein. the pre-sequence functions as the signal peptide for protein secretion across the membrane. deletion of the pro-sequence yields mature but inactive subtilisin: the 77-amino acid pro-sequence must precede the mature subtilisin to guide the latter into an active conformation. pro-subtilisin denatured in 6 m guanidine-hcl can be self-processed to the active enzym ... | 1989 | 2657436 |
| a role for hemispheric asymmetry in human behavioral variability. | a model is presented in which functional lateral specialization and selective hemisphere priming combine to provide a mechanism for behavioral variability. the model is tested and supported by two experiments in which lateral attentional priming produces significant reductions in between-subject and within-subject variability. these findings help us to understand the source of behavioral variability, broaden our knowledge of the gross structures and functions of the brain, provide information ab ... | 1989 | 2657608 |
| amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin versus a 4-day course of 3 doses 750 mg amoxicillin. | a prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. patients in group a received a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin, which was compared to a 4-day course of 3 x 750 mg amoxicillin tablets taken every 8 h (group b). significant bacteriuria (cfu greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml clean catch midstream urine ... | 1989 | 2659442 |
| lack of correlation between congo red binding and enteroinvasiveness in escherichia coli. | | 1989 | 2659682 |
| cytoskeletal proteins including myofilaments in human tumors. | | 1989 | 2660368 |
| [effect of bacterial toxins on the mitogen-induced increase of the ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm of rat thymocytes. the role of n proteins]. | the effect of bacterial toxins, modifying the activity of regulatory n proteins of adenylate cyclase and probably other systems, on the mitogen-induced changes of cytosolic free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) has been studied using ca2+ fluorescent probe quin-2. it is shown that treatment of thymocytes with cholera toxin, e. coli heat-labile (hl) toxin or pertussis toxin abolishes the concanavalin a (con a)-induced rise of [ca2+]i. the inhibitory effect of cholera and hl toxins can be explained by ... | 1989 | 2660922 |
| [campylobacter pylori and pathology of the gastro-duodenal mucosa. critical review of clinico-experimental and therapeutic contributions]. | over the past five years, a series of important contributions have appeared in the medical literature on the role of infective agents in the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal inflammation. the analysis of the available data confirms the possible role of campylobacter pylori in causing acute inflammation of the type b antral gastritis, although its role in the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and of the socalled non ulcer dyspepsia is still doubtful. not even the results of therapeut ... | 1989 | 2661960 |
| what lies ahead in infant nutrition. | factors in human milk serve as stimuli for present and future investigation as supplements for infants. these substances involve macronutrients and micronutrients. some substances such as minerals may serve as guidelines for minima and maxima for infant nutrition. while nutritional studies are needed for the prevention of disease, simultaneous nutritional studies for low birth weight and ill infants will bring major alterations in understanding of nutritional needs and types of feedings to becom ... | 1989 | 2662411 |
| picosecond tryptophan fluorescence of thioredoxin: evidence for discrete species in slow exchange. | the steady-state tryptophan fluorescence and time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence of escherichia coli thioredoxin, calf thymus thioredoxin, and yeast thioredoxin have been studied. in all proteins, the tryptophan residues undergo strong static and dynamic quenching, probably due to charge-transfer interactions with the nearby sulfur atoms of the active cysteines. the use of a high-resolution photon counting instrument, with a time response of 60 ps full width at half-maximum, allowed the detect ... | 1989 | 2663070 |
| clinical trial of clonidine hydrochloride as an antisecretory agent in cholera. | clonidine hydrochloride (an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) was tested for antisecretory effects in patients with cholera in a randomized controlled trial. nineteen adults with diarrhea due to vibrio cholerae were treated with clonidine (0.9 mg/24 h orally for 72 h) and 18 served as controls. during the first 24 h of treatment and for 24 h afterwards, the mean +/- sd concentrations of sodium (in millimoles per liter) in the stools of clonidine-treated patients were 120.6 +/- 10.9 and 112.3 +/- 11. ... | 1989 | 2663610 |
| the post-antibiotic effect defined by bacterial morphology. | three strains of escherichia coli were incubated with either ciprofloxacin or ampicillin. filamentation of bacteria was observed after 1-2 h. after 5 h of contact with either drug the percentage of filaments exceeded 90%. the organisms were washed and incubated on drug free medium. antibiotics when bound to an enzyme render that enzyme inactive; upon removal of the organisms from the antibiotic, the synthesis of enzymes resumes. the period of time encompassing the inactive enzymatic state of the ... | 1989 | 2663811 |
| alcoholism and other drug dependencies. | the disease of addiction is upon us and it is obvious that the elderly are not immune. there is every reason to believe from early reports that the elderly respond favorably to treatment, perhaps more so than their younger counterparts. it is believed that treating chemical dependency as a primary disease rather than as a symptom of something else has been a great boon in terms of improving recovery rates. furthermore, group therapy is the main component of treatment in rehabilitation, as it aff ... | 1989 | 2664840 |
| oral cholera vaccines containing b-subunit-killed whole cells and killed whole cells only. ii. field evaluation of cross-protection against other members of the vibrionaceae family. | because of demonstrable cross-reactivity of cellular antigens contained in b subunit-killed whole-cell (bs-wc) and killed whole-cell-only (wc) oral cholera vaccines with antigens of various non-cholera species of the family vibrionaceae (ncv), the protection conferred by the vaccines against diarrhoea associated with ncv was evaluated during a randomized, double-blind field trial in bangladesh. children aged 2-15 years and women aged greater than 15 years (62,285 in number) received three doses ... | 1989 | 2665350 |
| high-resolution structure of the temperature-sensitive mutant of phage lysozyme, arg 96----his. | the structure of the temperature-sensitive mutant lysozyme of bacteriophage t4 in which arginine 96 is replaced by histidine has been determined crystallographically and refined to a residual of 17.6% at 1.9-a resolution. overall, the three-dimensional structure of the mutant protein is extremely similar to that of wild type. there are local distortions in the mutant structure suggesting that the substituted his 96 residue is under strain. this appears to be one of the major reasons for the decr ... | 1989 | 2665808 |
| high-resolution structure of the temperature-sensitive mutant of phage lysozyme, arg 96----his. | the structure of the temperature-sensitive mutant lysozyme of bacteriophage t4 in which arginine 96 is replaced by histidine has been determined crystallographically and refined to a residual of 17.6% at 1.9-a resolution. overall, the three-dimensional structure of the mutant protein is extremely similar to that of wild type. there are local distortions in the mutant structure suggesting that the substituted his 96 residue is under strain. this appears to be one of the major reasons for the decr ... | 1989 | 2665808 |
| binding of vibrio cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli to gm1, derivatives of gm1, and nonlipid oligosaccharide polyvalent ligands. | vibrio cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli have been shown to differ somewhat in their ligand specificity and in the antigenicity of their binding sites. therefore, the components of the oligosaccharide portion of gm1 bound by cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of e. coli were identified by determining the concentration of gm1, derivatives of gm1, oligosaccharide isolated from gm1, or clustered oligosaccharide needed to inhibit toxin binding to gm1-coated ... | 1989 | 2666416 |
| purification and characterization of a protease produced by vibrio cholerae non-o1 and comparison with a protease of v. cholerae o1. | a protease produced by a clinical isolate of vibrio cholerae non-o1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive column chromatography on deae-sephadex a25, sephadex g100, mono q, and phenyl superose. like the hemagglutinin-protease of v. cholerae o1, the purified protease had both hemagglutinating and proteolytic activities. the protease was heat labile, and in contrast to crude preparations, no arrhenius effect was observed with the purified protein. im ... | 1989 | 2668188 |
| sulfonylurea binding to adipocyte membranes and potentiation of insulin-stimulated hexose transport. | we have previously shown that the sulfonylureas increase insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes mainly by enhancing the insulin-induced recruitment of glucose transporter from its intracellular storage pool to the plasma membrane (jacobs, d. b., and jung, c. y. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 2593-2596). in order to determine if this sulfonylurea effect is mediated by a specific membrane-associated sulfonylurea-binding protein, in the present report we measured exact dose dependence of th ... | 1989 | 2668270 |
| purification, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607. | the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607 was purified by dye-ligand affinity chromatography. the protein was crystallized from solutions of high ionic strength, and one of the two crystal forms obtained has proven suitable for x-ray diffraction studies. preliminary analysis showed that these crystals belong to the tetragonal space group 1422. the unit cell dimensions are a = b = 180.7 a; c = 127.9 a. the diffraction pattern extends to better than 3 a resolution. crys ... | 1989 | 2668287 |
| use of lymphokine-activated killer cells to prevent bone marrow graft rejection and lethal graft-vs-host disease. | prompted by our recent finding that lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells mediate both veto and natural suppression, we tested the ability of adoptively transferred lak cells to block two in vivo alloreactions which complicate bone marrow transplantation: resistance to transplanted allogeneic bone marrow cells, and lethal graft-vs-host disease. adoptive transfer of either donor type b6d2 or recipient-type b6 lymphokine-activated bone marrow cells, cells found to have strong lak activity, abrog ... | 1989 | 2668409 |
| a new tool for the serodiagnosis of acute plasmodium falciparum malaria in individuals with primary infection. | we have developed an elisa which detects, with high specificity, antibodies against a major surface protein of p. falciparum merozoites which is a processing product of the precursor glycoprotein gp190. this assay can be used in the diagnosis of acute malaria in individuals with primary infection. two partial sequences of gp190 were expressed in e. coli as beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) fusion proteins. the same sequences fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) or mouse dihydrofolate red ... | 1989 | 2668417 |
| quantitative histologic study of the influence of spinal instrumentation on lumbar fusions: a canine model. | histomorphometric and microradiographic studies were performed on 28 beagle hounds 1 year of age, followed up for 6 months after an l5-l6 anterior and posterior spinal destabilization procedure--group i (n = 7), destabilized surgical controls; group ii (n = 7), posterolateral bone grafting after destabilization; group iii (n = 7), harrington rod instrumentation and posterolateral bone grafting after destabilization; and group iv (n = 7), luque instrumentation, and bone grafting after destabiliza ... | 1989 | 2668473 |
| white-footed mice: tick burdens and role in the epizootiology of potomac horse fever in maryland. | one hundred ten white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were captured on horse farms in south-central maryland, examined for ticks, and tested for specific antibodies to ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of potomac horse fever. peromyscus leucopus were consistently infested with immature american dog ticks (dermacentor variabilis), with monthly prevalences as high as 80%. sera from all 97 p. leucopus tested for antibodies to e. risticii were negative. this indicates that p. leucopus is not ... | 1989 | 2668569 |
| kex2 mutations suppress rna polymerase ii mutants and alter the temperature range of yeast cell growth. | suppressors of a temperature-sensitive rna polymerase ii mutation were isolated to identify proteins that interact with rna polymerase ii in yeast cells. ten independently isolated extragenic mutations that suppressed the temperature-sensitive mutation rpb1-1 and produced a cold-sensitive phenotype were all found to be alleles of a single gene, srb1. an srb1 partial deletion mutant was further investigated and found to exhibit several pleiotropic phenotypes. these included suppression of numerou ... | 1989 | 2668732 |
| kex2 mutations suppress rna polymerase ii mutants and alter the temperature range of yeast cell growth. | suppressors of a temperature-sensitive rna polymerase ii mutation were isolated to identify proteins that interact with rna polymerase ii in yeast cells. ten independently isolated extragenic mutations that suppressed the temperature-sensitive mutation rpb1-1 and produced a cold-sensitive phenotype were all found to be alleles of a single gene, srb1. an srb1 partial deletion mutant was further investigated and found to exhibit several pleiotropic phenotypes. these included suppression of numerou ... | 1989 | 2668732 |
| fungistatic activity of miconazole against candida albicans in relation to ph and concentration of nonprotonated drug. | at less than 10(-5) m, miconazole (mcz) exerts a fungistatic effect on candida albicans, presumably by interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis. the imidazole moiety of mcz is subject to protonation (pka approximately 6.5). based on pka and greater water solubility of protonated (mczh+) versus nonprotonated (mczo) drug, fungistatic action ought to be markedly affected by environmental ph, but apparently it is not. in this report growth phase, ph, and concentrations of mcz and mczo have been stud ... | 1989 | 2668754 |
| vibrio cholerae vaccines. | several approaches to the development of a safe and effective vaccine against vibrio cholerae are currently being pursued. these candidate vaccines include (1) live v. cholerae strains attenuated by recombinant dna techniques; (2) killed whole v. cholerae organisms plus purified cholera enterotoxin b subunit; and (3) cloned v. cholerae antigens in a salmonella carrier strain. the first two approaches have been the most extensively studied in clinical trials, and all three types of vaccines are a ... | 1989 | 2669100 |
| infectious and toxic syndromes from fish and shellfish consumption. a review. | primary care physicians care for large numbers of patients presenting with "food poisoning" or gastroenteritis. when a patient who presents with acute gastrointestinal illness, especially in conjunction with neurologic or cutaneous symptoms, is evaluated, the history should focus on past seafood consumption (particularly raw or undercooked seafood). the infectious syndromes are generally self-limited and respond to supportive care; exceptions are those caused by vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnif ... | 1989 | 2669661 |
| binding specificities of heat-labile enterotoxins isolated from porcine and human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli for different gangliosides. | the binding specificities of heat-labile enterotoxins (ltp and lth) isolated from porcine and human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli on human erythrocytes were studied by competitive binding assays using different gangliosides as inhibitors. the binding of 125i-labeled ltp to neuraminidase-treated human type a erythrocytes was most effectively inhibited by ganglioside gm1. ganglioside gm1 was 11 and 105 times more potent than gangliosides gd1b and gm2, respectively. gangliosides gd1a, gt1b, and ... | 1989 | 2670153 |
| a novel urinary sialoglycoprotein as the inhibitor of interleukin-1. | an inhibitor of interleukin-1 (il-1) was purified to homogeneity from febrile human urine by using a sequence of ammonium sulphate fractionation, deae-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on a column of aca 54. the inhibitor was a sialoglycoprotein and its molecular weight, examined by sds-page, was found to be 30 kd. it was acidic in nature and its isoelectric point, determined by electrofocusing on thin-layer polyacrylamide gels, was found to be 3.5-3.6. the inhibitor was sensitive to t ... | 1989 | 2670348 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and hybridization studies of the type iib heat-labile enterotoxin gene of escherichia coli. | type iib heat-labile enterotoxin (lt-iib) is produced by escherichia coli 41. restriction fragments of total cell dna from strain 41 were cloned into a cosmid vector, and one cosmid clone that encoded lt-iib was identified. the genes for lt-iib were subcloned into a variety of plasmids, expressed in minicells, sequenced, and compared with the structural genes for other members of the vibrio cholerae-e. coli enterotoxin family. the a subunits of these toxins all have similar adp-ribosyltransferas ... | 1989 | 2670900 |
| a monoclonal antibody to a 48 k antigen in oestrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells. | a mouse was immunised with an antigen(s) purified by oestradiol-sepharose affinity chromatography of pooled oestrogen-receptor positive cytosols from human breast cancer tissue. one antibody secreting clone was identified which precipitated labelled antigen and which also stained mcf-7 cells. culture supernatant and ascites fluid were used for immunofluorescence, sds-page-western blotting, photoaffinity labelling and binding studies. the antibody staining of mcf-7 cells was inhibited by preincub ... | 1989 | 2671504 |
| structure and regulation of the multigene family controlling maltose fermentation in budding yeast. | | 1989 | 2672110 |
| the expression of enterotoxin a-b+ gene of v. cholerae in e. coli. | the cloning in e. coli of a cholerae toxin gene that is a-b+ has been successfully constructed by using dna recombinant techniques. e. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmid pmm-ctb have been shown to produce a large amount of ctb subunits which are secreted as extracellular proteins. | 1989 | 2673288 |
| investigation of the structure of the capsular polysaccharide of escherichia coli k55 using klebsiella bacteriophage phi 5. | the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from escherichia coli o9:k55 (n 24c) has been studied, using methylation analysis, degradation by bacteriophage, and n.m.r. spectroscopy. depolymerisation of the k55 polysaccharide, using the lyase enzyme borne by klebsiella phi 5, yielded a tri- and a hexa-saccharide, analysis of which indicated the following repeating unit. (formula; see text) this structure differs from that for the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella k5 onl ... | 1989 | 2673507 |
| a risk assessment process for allergic contact sensitization. | this review describes an approach that has been used to assess the skin sensitization risk of new chemicals and product formulations prior to launching the new chemical or product on the market. the risk assessment process utilizes a comparative toxicological approach, in which data on the inherent toxicity of a material, and the exposure to it through manufacturing or consumer use or foreseeable misuse, are integrated and compared with data generated by 'benchmark' materials of similar chemistr ... | 1989 | 2673957 |
| a risk assessment process for allergic contact sensitization. | this review describes an approach that has been used to assess the skin sensitization risk of new chemicals and product formulations prior to launching the new chemical or product on the market. the risk assessment process utilizes a comparative toxicological approach, in which data on the inherent toxicity of a material, and the exposure to it through manufacturing or consumer use or foreseeable misuse, are integrated and compared with data generated by 'benchmark' materials of similar chemistr ... | 1989 | 2673957 |
| expression and detection of different biotype-associated cell-bound haemagglutinins of vibrio cholerae o1. | the expression of two cell-bound haemagglutinins, one sensitive to l-fucose (fsha) and the other to d-mannose (msha), on vibrio cholerae o1 strains of both the classical and the el tor biotypes was studied by (i) agglutination of chicken and human group o erythrocytes in the presence of l-fucose or d-mannose, (ii) binding of the bacteria to l-fucose- and d-mannose-coated agarose beads, and (iii) agglutination of the bacteria by 'biotype-specific' antisera. all of the 12 classical strains studied ... | 1989 | 2674322 |
| modeling of palmitate transport in the heart. | transport of palmitate from the albumin-palmitate complex in the plasma to inside mitochondria where it undergoes beta-oxidation is a multistep process. albumin's large size prevents permeation via interendothelial clefts. palmitate dissociation from albumin in solution is too slow to provide an adequate supply of the unbound palmitate. the discovery that the dissociation occurs upon albumin binding to an endothelial surface receptor resolves the conundrum. palmitate transport across the luminal ... | 1989 | 2674667 |
| modeling of palmitate transport in the heart. | transport of palmitate from the albumin-palmitate complex in the plasma to inside mitochondria where it undergoes beta-oxidation is a multistep process. albumin's large size prevents permeation via interendothelial clefts. palmitate dissociation from albumin in solution is too slow to provide an adequate supply of the unbound palmitate. the discovery that the dissociation occurs upon albumin binding to an endothelial surface receptor resolves the conundrum. palmitate transport across the luminal ... | 1989 | 2674667 |
| up-regulation of prostaglandin e2 binding and of prostanoid release in rabbits producing antibodies against prostaglandin e2. | german giant rabbits successfully immunized against prostaglandin (pg) e2 as shown by a rise in antibody titers developed gastric mucosal lesions. enzymatically dispersed gastric mucosal cells of these animals had a significantly enhanced production of pg e2 and pg i2 as measured by specific radioimmunoassays. this may be explained by an increased supply with endogenous arachidonic acid (as indicated by an enhanced phospholipase a2/lat ratio) and by a higher activity of the subsequent pg forming ... | 1989 | 2675196 |
| a biotin-streptavidin amplified enzymeimmunoassay for 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pgf2 alpha. | as an alternative for radioimmunoassays a new enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the determination of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto pgf2 alpha (pgfm) has been developed. biocytin was linked to pgfm by the n-hydroxysuccinimide method and the product (biocytinyl-pgfm) purified by reversed phase column chromatography. biocytinyl-pgfm was used in the eia as a bridge between the immobilized pgfm-antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase. the absolute sensitivity of the assay was about 160 amol (92% rel. binding) and re ... | 1989 | 2675197 |
| [primary malignant melanoma of the bladder. apropos of a case]. | the authors report about a case of a primitive melanoma of the bladder that a man aged 77 years suffered of. the diagnosis was carried-out with certain difficulty on fragments of endoscopic resection and was discussed from the clinical facts as well as from the anatomo-pathological results and, more particularly, from the immuno-histochemical results. this study makes it possible that a comparison be made with those rare cases observed on a world-scale basis which are described in the literature ... | 1989 | 2677153 |
| [antibacterial and bactericidal activities of japanese green tea]. | we found that extracts of japanese green tea leaves inhibited the growth of various bacteria causing diarrheal diseases. all tea samples tested showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non o1. v. parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus, campylobacter jejuni and plesiomonas shigelloides. none of the tea samples had any effect on the growth of v. fluvialis, aeromonas sobria, a. hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteritidis, ente ... | 1989 | 2677434 |
| [a case of chronic bronchitis with pasteurella multocida possibly resulting from infection from a bird]. | a 60-year-old woman was admitted to our division for further evaluation of fever and purulent sputa. in sputum cultures performed when the patient had complained of an increase in symptoms on three occasions during the previous 6 months, pasteurella multicoida was usually detected. based on the fact that the bacteria had been detected from the patient's sputa after feeding a macaw, but was not detected after treatment of the bird with oflx, a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection by p. multoc ... | 1989 | 2677461 |
| effect of hyperglycemia on hepatic extraction of insulin in totally pancreatectomized dogs. | using the glucose clamp technique, we investigated the effect of blood glucose levels on hepatic extraction of insulin in pancreatectomized dogs. a primed continuous infusion of regular insulin was administered at a rate 1.5 mu/kg body wt./min into the portal or peripheral vein and the blood glucose level was clamped at hyperglycemia (over 200 mg/dl) or euglycemia (below 100 mg/dl) by a variable infusion of glucose through the saphenous or portal vein. plasma insulin concentrations were measured ... | 1989 | 2677518 |
| establishment and characterization of human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro and their xenografts in nude mice. | human gliomas were grown as permanent tissue cultures and xenografts in nude mice. growth kinetics, immunohistology and karyotypes were established. one tumor showed a distinct change in its karyotype after only two passages in nude mice; by contrast, no change of immunophenotype occurred during and after in vivo passaging. treatment of this glioma as xenograft in nude mice revealed a high sensitivity towards single agent treatment with bcnu. in view of the cytologic aberrations, however, this r ... | 1989 | 2677876 |
| rapid colony screening of yac libraries by using alginate as matrix support. | | 1989 | 2678011 |
| abnormal insulin metabolism by specific organs from rats with spontaneous hypertension. | spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) have been shown to be both insulin resistant and hyperinsulinemic after oral glucose administration or infusion of exogenous insulin during an insulin suppression test. to determine if this hyperinsulinemia may be due to decreased removal of insulin, the metabolic clearance (k) of insulin was measured in isolated perfused liver, kidney, and hindlimb skeletal muscle from shr and wistar-kyoto (wky) control rats. the data indicate that the k for insulin removal ... | 1989 | 2679128 |
| detection of intracellular canine distemper virus antigen in mink inoculated with an attenuated or a virulent strain of canine distemper virus. | using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, the distribution of viral antigen in various tissues and blood mononuclear leukocytes was studied in wild mink, either vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) or experimentally inoculated with the virulent snyder-hill strain of cdv. viral antigen was detected in cells of the lymphoid system 6 to 12 days after vaccination. from 2 to 3 days after inoculation with the virulent strain, cdv antigen was demonstrated i ... | 1989 | 2679253 |
| induction of acantholysis in organ explant culture by penicillamine and captopril. | pemphigus is an autoimmune disease proved to be mediated by igg autoantibodies. skin lesions clinically and histologically identical to pemphigus may occur in patients receiving penicillamine and captopril, but some of these patients lack circulating or tissue-bound autoantibodies. therefore, we examined the ability of these drugs to produce acantholysis directly in organ explant culture. human skin explants were prepared from split-thickness graft skin from adults and from neonatal foreskins. e ... | 1989 | 2679399 |
| [regional strategy of surveillance of pathogenic agents of infectious diarrhea having epidemic potential]. | the authors expose the strategy put into effect to identify quickly, and fight against the pathogenic agents responsible for epidemic outbreak in rural areas, which, until now--were not properly controlled. | 1989 | 2680134 |
| use of hybridoma immunoglobulin switch variants in the analysis of the protective properties of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in escherichia coli k1 infection. | functional properties of rat immunoglobulins obtained from hybridoma isotype switch variants were studied in vivo in a rat model for neonatal bacterial sepsis. escherichia coli 018:k1, a common cause of human neonatal sepsis and meningitis, was injected intravenously into 6-day-old rats after incubation with 018-specific antibodies igm, igg1, igg2a, igg2b, igg2c, ige and iga. the clearance of bacteria treated with saline or ige was low, whereas monoclonal antibodies of other isotypes triggered h ... | 1989 | 2680911 |
| digit-muscle responses evoked from multiple intracortical foci in monkey precentral motor cortex. | 1. the precentral motor cortex, including the anterior bank of the central sulcus of monkey (macaca fuscata), was systemically penetrated with microelectrodes to determine the spatial organization of the microexcitable cortical elements that can produce responses in digit muscles. 2. at 200-microns intervals on each electrode track, low-current intracortical microstimuli were delivered and the muscle responses evoked from four digit muscles were recorded. the responses, obtained with 5, 8, 15, a ... | 1989 | 2681562 |