| investigation of bronchiectasis in severe uncontrolled asthma. | the presence of bronchiectasis in patients with asthma varies in different reports, while a clear aetiological relation has not been precisely established. | 2017 | 28544140 |
| the carriage of interleukin-1b-31*c allele plus staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae increases the risk of recurrent tonsillitis in a mexican population. | the aim of the present study was to estimate the relative contribution of immunogenetic and microbiological factors in the development of recurrent tonsillitis in a mexican population. patients (n = 138) with recurrent tonsillitis and an indication of tonsillectomy (mean age: 6.05 years ± 3.00; median age: 5 years, female: 58; age range: 1-15 years) and 195 non-related controls older than 18 years and a medical history free of recurrent tonsillitis were included. to evaluate the microbial contri ... | 2017 | 28542534 |
| abnormal brain connectivity spectrum disorders following thimerosal administration: a prospective longitudinal case-control assessment of medical records in the vaccine safety datalink. | autism spectrum disorder (asd), tic disorder (td), and hyperkinetic syndrome of childhood (attention deficit disorder [add]/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [adhd]) are disorders recently defined as abnormal connectivity spectrum disorders (acsds) because they show a similar pattern of abnormal brain connectivity. this study examines whether these disorders are associated with exposure to thimerosal, a mercury (hg)-based preservative. | 2017 | 28539852 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review for clinicians. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the lower airways of copd patients, bacterial infection is a common phenomenon and haemophilus influenzae is the most commonly identified bacteria. haemophilus influenzae is divided into typeable and nontypeable (nthi) strains based on the presence or absence of a polysaccharide capsule. while nthi is a common commensal in the human nasopharynx, it is associated with considerable inflammation ... | 2017 | 28539074 |
| bronchial inflammation and bacterial load in stable copd is associated with tlr4 overexpression. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs) are two major forms of innate immune sensors but their role in the immunopathology of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is incompletely studied. our objective here was to investigate tlr and nlr signalling pathways in the bronchial mucosa in stable copd.using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of tlr2, tlr4, tlr9, nod1, nod2, cd14, myeloid differentiation primary respon ... | 2017 | 28536249 |
| lot-to-lot consistency, safety and immunogenicity of 3 lots of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: results from a phase iii randomized, multicenter study in infants. | vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is included in routine pediatric immunization schedule in the united states. previous vaccine shortages have created the need for additional options for hib vaccination. | 2017 | 28536030 |
| live attenuated tetravalent (g1-g4) bovine-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (brv-tv): randomized, controlled phase iii study in indian infants. | rotavirus remains the leading cause of diarrhoea among children <5years. we assessed immunogenic non-inferiority of a tetravalent bovine-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (brv-tv) over the licensed human-bovine pentavalent rotavirus vaccine rv5. | 2017 | 28536027 |
| budesonide, fluticasone propionate, and azithromycin do not modulate the membrane vesicle release by thp-1 macrophages and respiratory pathogens during macrophage infection. | patients with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequently experience exacerbations and it is estimated that up to 50% of these exacerbations are associated with bacterial infections. the mainstay treatment for these infection-related exacerbations constitutes the administration of glucocorticoids, alone or in combination with antibiotics. a recent line of evidence demonstrates that many hormones including the steroid beclomethasone can also directly affect bacterial growth, viru ... | 2017 | 28528362 |
| the sensor study: protocol for a mixed-methods study of self-management checks to predict exacerbations of pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with long-term respiratory conditions. | there are an estimated three million people in the united kingdom with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and the incidence of bronchiectasis is estimated at around 0.1% but is more common in copd and severe asthma. both copd and bronchiectasis are characterized by exacerbations in which bacteria play a central role. pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from sputum samples from 4% to 15% of adults with copd and is more likely to be isolated from patients with severe disease. earlier det ... | 2017 | 28526665 |
| epidemiology of paediatric meningitis in central côte d'ivoire after the implementation of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination. | infectious meningitis accounts for enormous morbidity worldwide, but there is a paucity of data on its regional epidemiology in resource-constrained settings of sub-saharan africa. here, we present a study on the aetiology of paediatric meningitis in central côte d'ivoire. between june 2012 and december 2013, all cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples drawn at the university teaching hospital bouaké were examined for the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens. a causative agent was detected in 31 ... | 2017 | 28513815 |
| multiple drug resistance in haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients in bangkok, thailand. | | 2017 | 28506825 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: is there a re-emergence? 24 years of experience in a children's hospital. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) used to be the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children younger than 5 years old. following the introduction of the hib vaccine in the immunization schedule (1998), its incidence reduced significantly but it has increased over the last years. the objectives of this study included describing the characteristics and analyzing the epidemic curve of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis by comparing the pre- and postimmunization periods. | 2017 | 28504487 |
| the asplenic patient: post-insult immunocompetence, infection, and vaccination. | splenic injury can occur through multiple mechanisms and may result in various degrees of residual immunocompetence. functionally or anatomically asplenic patients are at higher risk for infection, particularly with encapsulated bacteria. vaccination is recommended to prevent infection with these organisms; however, the recommendations are routinely updated, and vaccine selection and timing are complex. | 2017 | 28498097 |
| development of immunochromatographic colloidal gold test strip for rapid detection of haemophilus influenzae in clinical specimens. | a simple and fast test strip for simultaneous detection of haemophilus influenzae, based on the theory of colloidal gold immunochromatography was developed. | 2017 | 28497596 |
| bacteria isolated from the airways of paediatric patients with bronchiectasis according to hiv status. | knowledge of which bacteria are found in the airways of paediatric patients with bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis (cf) is important in defining empirical antibiotic guidelines for the treatment of acute infective exacerbations. | 2017 | 28492126 |
| curcumin inhibits nthi-induced muc5ac mucin overproduction in otitis media via upregulation of mapk phosphatase mkp-1. | otitis media (om), characterized by the presence of mucus overproduction and excess inflammation in the middle ear, is the most common childhood infection. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) pathogen is responsible for approximately one-third of episodes of bacteria-caused om. current treatments for bacterial om rely on the systemic use of antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains. therefore there is an urgent need for developing alternative ... | 2017 | 28487811 |
| polysaccharide conjugate vaccine protein carriers as a "neglected valency" - potential and limitations. | the development of vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens (e.g. haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococci, meningococci) is challenging because polysaccharides do not elicit a strong and long-lasting immune response (i.e. t-cell independent). this can be overcome by conjugating the polysaccharide to a protein carrier (e.g. tetanus toxoid, cross-reacting material 197 [crm]), which vastly improves the immune response and induces memory to the polysaccharide (t-cell dependent). alt ... | 2017 | 28487056 |
| surveillance of the activity of solithromycin (cem-101) against bacteria from respiratory tract infections. | the activity of solithromycin, a fourth-generation macrolide and novel fluoroketolide, was evaluated by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) (via clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution) against 2797 contemporary clinical respiratory tract isolates collected from north america, europe, asia-pacific and other regions of the world in 2012-13. solithromycin was very active against streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes, with mic90 of 0.25 and 0 ... | 2017 | 28483717 |
| infectious complications of pediatric cochlear implants are highly influenced by otitis media. | determine the incidence of ear infections in cochlear implant patients, evaluate the contribution of otitis media to complications, describe the bacteriology of otitis media in the cochlear implant population, the treatment provided at our center, and the long term outcome. | 2017 | 28483256 |
| monophosphoryl lipid a enhances nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses by intranasal immunization. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is gram-negative bacteria that are considered major pathogens of aom and respiratory tract infections. in this study, we used monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl), a toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 agonist, as an adjuvant to induce mucosal immune responses against nthi to enhance bacterial clearance from the nasopharynx. | 2017 | 28483250 |
| mucosal and systemic immune response to sublingual or intranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine. | phosphorylcholine (pc) is a structural component of a wide variety of pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. here, the immune response in mice to pc immunization via the sublingual (sl) route versus the intranasal (in) route was investigated in terms of efficacy and safety. | 2017 | 28478921 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccinations and decision makings on vaccination programmes in hong kong: a systematic review. | to describe and systematically review the modelling and reporting of cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination in hong kong, and to identify areas for quality enhancement in future cost-effectiveness analyses. | 2017 | 28476628 |
| individual preferences for child and adolescent vaccine attributes: a systematic review of the stated preference literature. | discrete choice experiments are increasingly used to assess preferences for vaccines and vaccine service delivery. | 2017 | 28474295 |
| serotype changes and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility rates of invasive and non-invasive streptococcus pneumoniae isolates after implementation of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) in bulgaria. | the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv10) has been included in bulgarian childhood immunization program since 2010. this study aimed to assess serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of 198 invasive and non-invasive streptococcus pneumoniae strains that had been isolated in bulgaria during 2011-2016 from patients with invasive (ipd) and non-invasive (nipd) pneumococcal diseases. the most common invasive serotypes were 3 (10.1%), 19f (4.0%), and 7f (3.0%). a significant decr ... | 2017 | 28472614 |
| epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage by haemophilus influenzae in healthy children: a study in the mediterranean coast region. | haemophilus influenzae (hi), a colonizer of the nasopharynx in children causes mainly otitis and sinusitis. the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pharyngeal colonization by hi, and the secondary objectives were to identify risk factors associated with hi colonization and its antibiotic susceptibility. | 2017 | 28472007 |
| effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage by respiratory pathogens among greenlandic children. | in 2010, greenland introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (prevnar 13®- pcv-13) in the childhood immunisation program. the authors aimed to evaluate the impact of pcv-13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria frequently associated with respiratory infections in children. | 2017 | 28467237 |
| occult bacteremia: should we look for the needle in the haystack? | once a well-recognized entity, occult bacteremia (ob) is no longer a significant or serious bacterial infection. first following the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and now with the implementation of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (pcv), the number of cases has declined significantly. this has led to a change in many published guidelines to avoid taking blood cultures in fully vaccinated children presenting with fever. in israel, the introduction of the pcv13 is now ... | 2016 | 28466611 |
| recurrent otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media: is biofilm the missing link? | dispersal of bacteria from a biofilm in the middle ear, serving as a bacterial reservoir, could explain the recurrent and chronic nature of chronic suppurative otitis media (csom). the objective of this study is to investigate if the same strains of bacteria could be detected in repeated episodes of otorrhea in csom. in a prospective case series at a primary healthcare clinic in nuuk, greenland, patients with more than 14 days of otorrhea were included consecutively. samples for culturing and bi ... | 2017 | 28466356 |
| utilizing pharmacy intervention in asplenic patients to improve vaccination rates. | asplenic patients are at increased risk for post-splenectomy infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), and vaccination rates against these organisms remain low. the purpose of this study was to evaluate vaccination rates before and after implementation of a pharmacist-driven electronic vaccination tracking system. | 2017 | 28464987 |
| role of neural barriers in the pathogenesis and outcome of streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. | bacterial meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the meninges of the central nervous system (cns). streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae), neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae are the major bacterial pathogens causing meningitis with s. pneumoniae being responsible for two thirds of meningitis cases in the developed world. to reach the cns following nasopharyngeal colonization and bacteraemia, the bacteria traverse from the circulation across the blood brain barrier (bbb) and c ... | 2017 | 28450902 |
| effect of prophylactic or therapeutic administration of paracetamol on immune response to dtwp-hepb-hib combination vaccine in indian infants. | vaccination is considered as the most cost effective method for preventing infectious diseases. low grade fever is a known adverse effect of vaccination. in india, it is a common clinical practice to prescribe paracetamol either prophylactically or therapeutically to manage fever. some studies have shown that paracetamol interferes with antibody responses following immunization. this manuscript reports the outcome of a post hoc analysis of data from a clinical trial of a pentavalent vaccine in i ... | 2017 | 28449972 |
| insights on persistent airway infection by non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the most common bacterial cause of infection of the lower airways in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). infection of the copd airways causes acute exacerbations, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. nthi has evolved multiple mechanisms to establish infection in the hostile environment of the copd airways, allowing the pathogen to persist in the airways for months to years. persistent infection of the copd airways c ... | 2017 | 28449098 |
| effects of n-acetyl-l-cysteine on the membrane vesicle release and growth of respiratory pathogens. | bacterial infections contribute to the disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by stimulating mucus production in the airways. this increased mucus production and other symptoms are often alleviated when patients are treated with mucolytics such as n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac). moreover, nac has been suggested to inhibit bacterial growth. bacteria can release membrane vesicles (mvs) in response to stress, and recent studies report a role for these proinflammatory mvs in the pat ... | 2017 | 28444395 |
| correction: relationships between mucosal antibodies, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) infection and airway inflammation in copd. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167250.]. | 2017 | 28441440 |
| a prospective, observational cohort study of the seasonal dynamics of airway pathogens in the aetiology of exacerbations in copd. | the aetiology of acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) is incompletely understood. understanding the relationship between chronic bacterial airway infection and viral exposure may explain the incidence and seasonality of these events. | 2017 | 28432209 |
| etiological analysis and epidemiological comparison among adult cap and nhcap patients in okinawa, japan. | etiological epidemiology and diagnosis are important issues for cap and nhcap. despite the availability of effective therapies, significant morbidity and mortality ensues. | 2017 | 28431934 |
| childhood vaccinations and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. | it has been proposed that childhood vaccinations protect against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) in children by modulation of future responses to common infections in childhood. however, the available studies provide inconsistent findings, and population-based cohort studies with longitudinal information on vaccinations are lacking. | 2017 | 28431124 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae infections in children in kamikawa subprefecture, hokkaido, japan, 2006-2015: the effectiveness of h. influenzae type b vaccine. | we evaluated 24 children with invasive haemophilus influenzae infections between 2006 and 2015 in kamikawa subprefecture of hokkaido, japan. the most frequent disease was pneumonia in 12 cases (50.0%), followed by meningitis in 7 (29.2%) and bacteremia in 5 (20.8%). patients ranged in age from 3 months to 12 years of age. seventeen (70.8%) of the total were less than 2 years old. the incidence rate of h. influenzae infection varied from 15.1 to 36.3 per 100,000 population in the kamikawa area du ... | 2017 | 28427992 |
| factors affecting sound energy absorbance in acute otitis media model of chinchilla. | acute otitis media (aom) is a rapid-onset infection of the middle ear which results in middle ear pressure (mep), middle ear effusion (mee), and structural changes in middle ear tissues. previous studies from our laboratory have identified that mep, mee, and middle ear structural changes are three factors affecting tympanic membrane (tm) mobility and hearing levels (guan et al., 2014, 2013). sound energy reflectance or absorbance (ea) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in clinical settings f ... | 2017 | 28426992 |
| immunization with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) according to different schedules in infants in south africa: a phase iii trial. | limited clinical data exists to assess differences between various infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules. in this trial, we evaluated immunogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) administered using 3 different immunization schedules in hiv unexposed-uninfected infants in south africa. | 2017 | 28425818 |
| performance evaluation of a newly developed and fully automated bacteriological analyzer "raisus any" for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fastidious bacteria haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing for fastidious bacteria, such as haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) and streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) has been performed manually. we evaluated the performance of a newly developed fully automated system for rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing "raisus any" (nissui pharmaceutical co., ltd.). | 2017 | 28413870 |
| nasopharyngeal polymicrobial colonization during health, viral upper respiratory infection and upper respiratory bacterial infection. | we sought to understand how polymicrobial colonization varies during health, viral upper respiratory infection (uri) and acute upper respiratory bacterial infection to understand differences in infection-prone vs. non-prone patients. | 2017 | 28412081 |
| active offer of vaccinations during hospitalization improves coverage among splenectomized patients: an italian experience. | in 2014, an italian hospital implemented a protocol for pneumococcal, meningococcal, and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines offer to splenectomized patients during their hospitalization. after 1 year, coverage for recommended vaccinations increased from 5.7%-66.7% and the average time between splenectomy and vaccines administration decreased from 84.7-7.5 days. | 2017 | 28410825 |
| comment on: emergence and molecular characterization of haemophilus influenzae harbouring mef(a). | | 2017 | 28407074 |
| emergence and molecular characterization of haemophilus influenzae harbouring mef(a)-authors' response. | | 2017 | 28407066 |
| parasitic infections in pregnancy decrease placental transfer of antipneumococcus antibodies. | many factors can influence maternal placental antibody transfer to the fetus, which confers important immune protection to the newborn infant. however, little is known about the effect of maternal parasitic infection on placental antibody transfer. to investigate this, we selected from a parent study of 576 pregnant kenyan women four groups of women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks), including uninfected women (n = 30) and women with solo infections with malaria (n = 30), hookworm (n = 30), or sc ... | 2017 | 28404574 |
| sex bias in diagnostic delay in bronchiectasis: an analysis of the spanish historical registry of bronchiectasis. | diagnostic delay is common in most respiratory diseases, particularly in bronchiectasis. however, sex bias in diagnostic delay has not been studied to date. | 2017 | 28393532 |
| nonantibiotic macrolides restore airway macrophage phagocytic function with potential anti-inflammatory effects in chronic lung diseases. | we reported defective efferocytosis associated with cigarette smoking and/or airway inflammation in chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, and childhood bronchiectasis. we also showed defects in phagocytosis of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of the lower airway in these diseases. these defects could be substantially overcome with low-dose azithromycin; however, chronic use may induce bacterial resistance. the aim of t ... | 2017 | 28258107 |
| attitudes of swiss health care providers toward childhood immunizations. | infovac is a network providing information about immunization issues to health professionals. the aim of this study was to assess the attitude of infovac subscribers toward the current swiss immunization schedule, potential modifications, and current and hypothetical immunization practices regarding their own children. | 2017 | 28030524 |
| molecular analysis of a locus for the biosynthesis and phase-variable expression of the lacto-n-neotetraose terminal lipopolysaccharide structure in neisseria meningitidis. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major determinant of neisseria meningitidis virulence. a key feature of meningococcal lps is the phase-variable expression of terminal structures which are proposed to have disparate roles in pathogenesis. in order to identify the biosynthetic genes for terminal lps structures and the control mechanisms for their phase-variable expression, the lic2a gene, which is involved in lps biosynthesis in haemophilus influenzae, was used as a hybridization probe to identify a ... | 1995 | 28776847 |
| cloning and molecular analysis of the gale gene of neisseria meningitidls and its role in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | the gale gene from haemophilus influenzae was used as a hybridization probe for the gale gene of neisseria meningitidis group b, identifying two different homologous loci. each of the loci was cloned and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that both loci contained sequences similar to gale. one contained a functional gale gene and mapped to the capsule biosynthetic locus. the second contained only a partial gale-coding sequence, which did not express a functional gene product. a gale mutant me ... | 1993 | 28776852 |