| heterogeneous expression of the sars-coronavirus-2 receptor ace2 in the human respiratory tract. | zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses are responsible for three disease outbreaks since 2002, including the current covid-19 pandemic, caused by sars-cov-2. its efficient transmission and range of disease severity raise questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. ace2 is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for sars-cov-2. despite numerous reports describing ace2 mrna abundance and tissue distribution, there remains a paucity of data evaluating ace2 protein and its co ... | 2020 | 32577664 |
| hiv and sars-coronavirus-2 epidemics: possible interactions and need for studies, especially in africa. | | 2020 | 32574323 |
| conducting phase i trials during the sars-coronavirus-2 outbreak: about science and care. | | 2020 | 32574280 |
| innate immune signaling and proteolytic pathways in the resolution or exacerbation of sars-cov-2 in covid-19: key therapeutic targets? | covid-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov)-2, an enveloped virus with a positive-polarity, single-stranded rna genome. the initial outbreak of the pandemic began in december 2019, and it is affecting the human health of the global community. in common with previous pandemics (influenza h1n1 and sars-cov) and the epidemics of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov, covs target bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. virus protein ligands (e.g., haem ... | 2020 | 32574272 |
| covid-19 and sars coronavirus 2: antibodies for the immediate rescue and recovery phase. | | 2020 | 32574267 |
| structural and functional conservation of the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signal of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). | approximately 17 years after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) epidemic, the world is currently facing the covid-19 pandemic caused by sars corona virus 2 (sars-cov-2). according to the most optimistic projections, it will take more than a year to develop a vaccine, so the best short-term strategy may lie in identifying virus-specific targets for small molecule-based interventions. all coronaviruses utilize a molecular mechanism called programmed -1 ribosomal frameshif ... | 2020 | 32571880 |
| chemical-informatics approach to covid-19 drug discovery: monte carlo based qsar, virtual screening and molecular docking study of some in-house molecules as papain-like protease (plpro) inhibitors. | world health organization characterized novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) as world pandemic. this infection has been spreading alarmingly by causing huge social and economic disruption. in order to response quickly, the inhibitors already designed against different targets of previous human coronavirus infections will be a great starting point for anti-sars-cov-2 inhibitors. in this study, our approach integrates d ... | 2020 | 32568618 |
| constituents of buriti oil (mauritia flexuosa l.) like inhibitors of the sars-coronavirus main peptidase: an investigation by docking and molecular dynamics. | statistics show alarming numbers of infected and killed in the world, caused by the covid-19 pandemic, which still doesn't have a specific treatment and effective in combating all efforts to seek treatments and medications against this disease. natural products are of relevant interest in the search for new drugs. thus, buriti oil (mauritia flexuosa l.) is a natural product extracted from the fruit of the palm and is quite common in the legal amazon region, brazil. in the present work, the anti- ... | 2020 | 32567501 |
| effects of gene-eden-vir and novirin on sars-cov: implications for covid-19. | the coronavirus (sars-cov-2), which causes covid-19, is a betacoronavirus closely related to the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (sars-cov). the recent covid-19 outbreak created an urgent need for treatment. to expedite the development of such treatment, pharmaceutical companies and government agencies are currently testing several existing drugs for their effect on the virus. gene-eden-vir and novirin are natural, broad-spectrum, antiviral treatments proven to be safe ... | 2020 | 32551855 |
| coronavirus disease 2019: a new severe acute respiratory syndrome from wuhan in china. | an outbreak of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has emerged during december 2019. the ongoing outbreak in wuhan city spread rapidly throughout china, where the fatality rate ranged from 2.1 to 4.9%. due to its high transmissibility, the world health organization (who) declared a public health emergency of international concern on 30 january 2020. the current outbreak has the potential to become the first pandemic of the new millenniu ... | 2020 | 32551792 |
| do sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) expression explain increased severity and mortality of covid-19 in males? | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), shares similarities with the former sars outbreak, which was caused by sars-cov-1. sars was characterized by severe lung injury due to virus-induced cytopathic effects and dysregulated hyperinflammatory state. covid-19 has a higher mortality rate in men both inside and outside china. in this opinion paper, we describe how sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in ang ... | 2020 | 32549125 |
| high-throughput interrogation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting in human cells. | programmed ribosomal frameshifting (prf) is the controlled slippage of the translating ribosome to an alternative frame. this process is widely employed by human viruses such as hiv and sars coronavirus and is critical for their replication. here, we developed a high-throughput approach to assess the frameshifting potential of a sequence. we designed and tested >12,000 sequences based on 15 viral and human prf events, allowing us to systematically dissect the rules governing ribosomal frameshift ... | 2020 | 32546731 |
| an in silico approach for identification of novel inhibitors as potential therapeutics targeting covid-19 main protease. | respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, covid-19, has been labeled a pandemic by the world health organization. very little is known about the infection mechanism for this virus. more importantly, there are no drugs or vaccines that can cure or prevent a person from getting covid-19. in this study, the binding affinity of 2692 protease inhibitor compounds that are known in the protein data bank, are calculated against the main protease of the novel coronavirus with docking and molecul ... | 2020 | 32544024 |
| broad neutralization of sars-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | broadly protective vaccines against known and preemergent human coronaviruses (hcovs) are urgently needed. to gain a deeper understanding of cross-neutralizing antibody responses, we mined the memory b cell repertoire of a convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) donor and identified 200 sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) binding antibodies that target multiple conserved sites on the spike (s) protein. a large proportion of the non-neutralizing antibodies display high levels of somatic ... | 2020 | 32540900 |
| a novel idea: the impact of serial interval on a modified-incidence decay and exponential adjustment (m-idea) model for projections of daily covid-19 cases. | the sars-cov-2 virus causes the disease covid-19, and has caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. empirical models are useful tools to predict future trends of disease progression such as covid-19 over the near-term. a modified incidence decay and exponential adjustment (m-idea) model was developed to predict the progression of infectious disease outbreaks. the modification allows for the production of precise daily estimates, which are critical during a pandemic of this scale for plannin ... | 2020 | 32537527 |
| [comment] treatment strategies to fight the new coronavirus sars-cov-2: a challenge for a rubik's cube solver. | sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), the etiologic agent of the new lung disease covid-19 is closely related to sars-cov, and together with mers-cov are three new human coronaviruses that emerged in the last 20 years. the covid-19 outbreak is a rapidly evolving situation with higher transmissibility and infectivity compared with sars and mers. clinical presentations range from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to severe illness. the prevalent cause of mortality is pneumonia that progresses to ards. the ... | 2020 | 32536988 |
| prospects of replication-deficient adenovirus based vaccine development against sars-cov-2. | the current appearance of the new sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and it quickly spreading across the world poses a global health emergency. the serious outbreak position is affecting people worldwide and requires rapid measures to be taken by healthcare systems and governments. vaccinations represent the most effective strategy to prevent the epidemic of the virus and to further reduce morbidity and mortality with long-lasting effects. nevertheless, currently there are no licensed vaccines for ... | 2020 | 32531955 |
| endocrine changes in sars-cov-2 patients and lessons from sars-cov. | coronavirus infection outbreaks have occurred frequently in the last two decades and have led to significant mortality. despite the focus on reducing mortality by preventing the spread of the virus, patients have died due to several other complications of the illness. the understanding of pathological mechanisms and their implications is continuously evolving. a number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands. these clinical presentations went largel ... | 2020 | 32527756 |
| immunoinformatics-guided designing of epitope-based subunit vaccines against the sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). | sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has become a global issue which has raised the concern of scientific community to design and discover a counter-measure against this deadly virus. so far, the pandemic has caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people upon infection and spreading. to date, no effective vaccine is available which can combat the infection caused by this virus. therefore, this study was conducted to design possible epitope-based subunit vaccines against the sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 32517882 |
| reduced expression of covid-19 host receptor, ace2 is associated with small bowel inflammation, more severe disease, and response to anti-tnf therapy in crohn's disease. | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ace2 ) has been identified as the host receptor for sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) which has infected millions world-wide and likely caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. utilizing transcriptomic data from four cohorts taken from crohn's disease (cd) and non-inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) subjects, we observed evidence of increased ace2 mrna in ileum with demographic features that have been associated with poor outcomes in covid-19 including age and raised ... | 2020 | 32511625 |
| an insertion unique to sars-cov-2 exhibits superantigenic character strengthened by recent mutations. | multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (mis-c) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a newly recognized condition in which children with recent sars-cov-2 infection present with a constellation of symptoms including hypotension, multiorgan involvement, and elevated inflammatory markers. these symptoms and the associated laboratory values strongly resemble toxic shock syndrome, an escalation of the cytotoxic adaptive immune response triggered upon the binding of pathogenic ... | 2020 | 32511374 |
| a large-scale drug repositioning survey for sars-cov-2 antivirals. | the emergence of novel sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in 2019 has triggered an ongoing global pandemic of severe pneumonia-like disease designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). to date, more than 2.1 million confirmed cases and 139,500 deaths have been reported worldwide, and there are currently no medical countermeasures available to prevent or treat the disease. as the development of a vaccine could require at least 12-18 months, and the typical timeline from hit finding to drug reg ... | 2020 | 32511357 |
| the sequence of human ace2 is suboptimal for binding the s spike protein of sars coronavirus 2. | the rapid and escalating spread of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) poses an immediate public health emergency. the viral spike protein s binds ace2 on host cells to initiate molecular events that release the viral genome intracellularly. soluble ace2 inhibits entry of both sars and sars-2 coronaviruses by acting as a decoy for s binding sites, and is a candidate for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic development. using deep mutagenesis, variants of ace2 are identified with increased bindin ... | 2020 | 32511321 |
| editorial: diagnostic testing for sars-coronavirus-2 in the nursing facility: recommendations of a delphi panel of long-term care clinicians. | with the covid-19 pandemic progressing, guidance on strategies to mitigate its devastating effects in nursing facilities (nfs) is critical to preventing additional tragic outcomes. asymptomatic spread of covid-19 from nursing facility staff and residents is a major accelerator of infection. facility-wide point-prevalence testing is an emerging strategy in disease mitigation. because time is not available to await the results of randomized controlled trials before implementing strategies in this ... | 2020 | 32510102 |
| spiking pandemic potential: structural and immunological aspects of sars-cov-2. | sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. the international spread of sars-cov-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the world health organization (who) declared the covid-19 out ... | 2020 | 32507543 |
| routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during covid-19: should oncologists reconsider? | the ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus type 2 (sars-cov-2, also known as covid-19) has caused unprecedented strain on the global healthcare system, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. patients with underlying conditions such as cancer are at substantial risk of acquiring and dying from this novel coronavirus. numerous reports have shown that infection with sars-cov-2 causes depletion of b- and t-lymphocytes, including cd4 and cd8 t-cells, and is as ... | 2020 | 32507102 |
| protective role of ace2 and its downregulation in sars-cov-2 infection leading to macrophage activation syndrome: therapeutic implications. | in light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), the international scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) 2, is an essential receptor for cell fusion and engulfs the sars coronavirus infections. ace2 plays an important physiological role, practically in all the organs and systems. also, ace2 exerts protective functions in various models of pathologies with acute and chronic inflammation. ... | 2020 | 32504757 |
| an off-the-shelf approach for the production of fc fusion proteins by protein trans-splicing towards generating a lectibody in vitro. | monoclonal antibodies, engineered antibodies, and antibody fragments have become important biological therapeutic platforms. the igg format with bivalent binding sites has a modular structure with different biological roles, i.e., effector and binding functions, in different domains. we demonstrated the reconstruction of an igg-like domain structure in vitro by protein ligation using protein trans-splicing. we produced various binding domains to replace the binding domain of igg from escherichia ... | 2020 | 32503354 |
| clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in wuhan, china. | an epidemic caused by sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection has appeared in wuhan city in december 2019. the disease has shown a "clustering epidemic" pattern, and family-clustered onset has been the main characteristic. we collected data about 130 cases from 35 cluster-onset families (cofs) and 41 cases from 16 solitary-onset families (sofs). the incidence of 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) in cofs was significantly higher than that of sofs. our study also showed that patients with expo ... | 2020 | 32502551 |
| covid-19 pandemic: a viewpoint from asia. | the expansion of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sarscov-2) has now procured on epidemic percentages, affecting more than 190 nations in a matter of weeks. a widespread sarscov-2 contagion begun in wuhan, hubei province, china, and circulate through china and beyond in december 2019. the containment events in china have lessened new instances by more than 90%, but this diminution is not the case to a different place. european countries like italy and spain have been the m ... | 2020 | 32501384 |
| sars-coronavirus-2 nsp13 possesses ntpase and rna helicase activities that can be inhibited by bismuth salts. | the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has become a global public health emergency. sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), the causative pathogen of covid-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded rna virus belonging to the family coronaviridae. for rna viruses, virus-encoded rna helicases have long been recognized to play pivotal roles during viral life cycles by facilitating the correct folding and replication of viral rnas. here, our studies show that sars-cov-2-encoded nonstruct ... | 2020 | 32500504 |
| retest positive for sars-cov-2 rna of "recovered" patients with covid-19: persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection? | "retest positive" for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) from "recovered" coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) has been reported and raised several important questions for this novel coronavirus and covid-19 disease. in this commentary, we discussed several questions: (a) can sars-cov-2 re-infect the individuals who recovered from covid-19? this question is also associated with other questions: whether or not sars-cov-2 infection induces protective reaction or neut ... | 2020 | 32492212 |
| retest positive for sars-cov-2 rna of "recovered" patients with covid-19: persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection? | "retest positive" for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) from "recovered" coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) has been reported and raised several important questions for this novel coronavirus and covid-19 disease. in this commentary, we discussed several questions: (a) can sars-cov-2 re-infect the individuals who recovered from covid-19? this question is also associated with other questions: whether or not sars-cov-2 infection induces protective reaction or neut ... | 2020 | 32492212 |
| high-coverage sars-cov-2 genome sequences acquired by target capture sequencing. | in this study, we designed a set of sars-cov-2 enrichment probes to increase the capacity for sequence-based virus detection and obtain the comprehensive genome sequence at the same time. this universal sars-cov-2 enrichment probe set contains 502 120 nt single-stranded dna biotin-labeled probes designed based on all available sars-cov-2 viral sequences and it can be used to enrich for sars-cov-2 sequences without prior knowledge of type or subtype. following the cdc health and safety guidelines ... | 2020 | 32492196 |
| prior and novel coronaviruses, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), and human reproduction: what is known? | to summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy. | 2020 | 32482250 |
| broad-spectrum coronavirus fusion inhibitors to combat covid-19 and other emerging coronavirus diseases. | in the past 17 years, three novel coronaviruses have caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). as emerging infectious diseases, they were characterized by their novel pathogens and transmissibility without available clinical drugs or vaccines. this is especially true for the newly identified covid-19 caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) for which, to date, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines hav ... | 2020 | 32481690 |
| notice of retraction: effectiveness of surgical and cotton masks in blocking sars-cov-2. | | 2020 | 32479106 |
| clinical outcomes and serologic response in solid organ transplant recipients with covid-19: a case series from the united states. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for patients and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. the clinical features, disease course, and serologic response of covid-19 among immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant (sot) recipients, who are at presumed risk for more severe disease, are not well characterized. we describe our institutional experience with covid-19 among 10 sot patie ... | 2020 | 32476258 |
| [erythema multiforme in the context of sars-coronavirus-2 infection]. | | 2020 | 32475615 |
| changes of the patient management in dentistry during the pandemic caused by the sars-coronavirus 2-initial perspectives of a clinic of operative dentistry in europe. | | 2020 | 32472253 |
| prediction of novel inhibitors of the main protease (m-pro) of sars-cov-2 through consensus docking and drug reposition. | since the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic in december 2019 and its rapid spread worldwide, the scientific community has been under pressure to react and make progress in the development of an effective treatment against the virus responsible for the disease. here, we implement an original virtual screening (vs) protocol for repositioning approved drugs in order to predict which of them could inhibit the main protease of the virus (m-pro), a key target for antiviral drugs given its essential ro ... | 2020 | 32471205 |
| coronavirus (covid-19): let's prevent not panic. | it was on 31st december 2019, that a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported to the world health organization (who) by china. the initial investigations revealed the cases to be due to a previously unknown "never before seen strain of coronavirus". coronaviruses are a group of viruses, which are normally present among animals such as cows, bats, camels and cats. the disease was officially named covid-19 by who on 11th february 2020. the international committee on taxonomy of viruses named the vi ... | 2020 | 32468775 |
| acute symptomatic seizures in critically ill patients with covid-19: is there an association? | the coronavirus disease of 2019 (covid-19) emerged as a global pandemic. historically, the group of human coronaviruses can also affect the central nervous system leading to neurological symptoms; however, the causative mechanisms of the neurological manifestations of covid-19 disease are not well known. seizures have not been directly reported as a part of covid-19 outside of patients with previously known brain injury or epilepsy. we report two cases of acute symptomatic seizures, in non-epile ... | 2020 | 32462412 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced oxidative stress leads to an increase in labile zinc pools in lung epithelial cells. | zinc supplementation in cell culture has been shown to inhibit various viruses, like herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, whether zinc plays a direct antiviral role in viral infections and whether viruses have adopted strategies to modulate zinc homeostasis have not been investigated. results from clinical trials of zinc supplementation in infections indicate that zinc supplementation ma ... | 2020 | 32461278 |
| covid-19 and renin-angiotensin system inhibition: role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) - is there any scientific evidence for controversy? | renin-angiotensin system (ras) blockers are extensively used worldwide to treat many cardiovascular disorders, where they are effective in reducing both mortality and morbidity. these drugs are known to induce an increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). ace2 acts as receptor for the novel sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) which raising the important issue of possible detrimental effects that ras blockers could exert on the natural history and pathogenesis of the coronavirus ... | 2020 | 32459372 |
| unravelling lead antiviral phytochemicals for the inhibition of sars-cov-2 mpro enzyme through in silico approach. | a new sars coronavirus (sars-cov-2) belonging to the genus betacoronavirus has caused a pandemic known as covid-19. among coronaviruses, the main protease (mpro) is an essential drug target which, along with papain-like proteases catalyzes the processing of polyproteins translated from viral rna and recognizes specific cleavage sites. there are no human proteases with similar cleavage specificity and therefore, inhibitors are highly likely to be nontoxic. therefore, targeting the sars-cov-2 mpro ... | 2020 | 32450166 |
| sars-coronavirus-2 and acute urticaria. | | 2020 | 32441802 |
| diabetes and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for covid-19. | clinical evidence exists that patients with diabetes are at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). we investigated the physiological origins of this clinical observation linking diabetes with severity and adverse outcome of covid-19. | 2020 | 32438331 |
| psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the covid-19 pandemic. | before the covid-19 pandemic, coronaviruses caused two noteworthy outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), starting in 2002, and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), starting in 2012. we aimed to assess the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of sars, mers, and covid-19. | 2020 | 32437679 |
| self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during covid-19 epidemic. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus called sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). it has been observed that covid-19 mainly spreads via respiratory tract, contact and digestive tract. due to the particularity of profession, ophthalmic medical workers need to be in close contact with patients, so they have a higher risk of sars-cov-2 infection. in this paper, therefore, the self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during covid-19 epidem ... | 2020 | 32432780 |
| deubiquitinating enzymes in coronaviruses and possible therapeutic opportunities for covid-19. | following the outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)2, the majority of nations are struggling with countermeasures to fight infection, prevent spread and improve patient survival. considering that the pandemic is a recent event, no large clinical trials have been possible and since coronavirus specific drug are not yet available, there is no strong consensus on how to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) associated viral pneumonia. coronaviruses cod ... | 2020 | 32429099 |
| understanding sars-cov-2 endocytosis for covid-19 drug repurposing. | the quest for the effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus 2(cov-2) coronavirus is hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the basic cell biology of the infection. given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of sars-cov-2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for sars-cov-2 entry in the human lung epithelium. taking advant ... | 2020 | 32428379 |
| altered mental status as a novel initial clinical presentation for covid-19 infection in the elderly. | the coronavirus disease of 2019 or covid-19 was first identified in hubei province in china in november of 2019 and quickly spread to become a global pandemic. the virus, sars-coronavirus-2, is particularly virulent in the elderly who can develop symptoms and become mortally ill within days of contracting the virus. the virus is easily transmitted by droplets (e.g., sneezing and coughing) and communal living settings such as personal care homes can be vulnerable to the spread of the virus. ident ... | 2020 | 32425470 |
| can sars-cov-2-infected women breastfeed after viral clearance? | the recently emerged novel coronavirus pneumonia, named the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), shares several clinical characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and spread rapidly throughout china in december of 2019 (huang et al., 2020). the pathogen 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) is now named sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and is highly infectious. as of apr. 9, 2020, over 80 000 confirmed cases had been reported, with an ... | 2020 | 32425007 |
| clinical value of the emergency department in screening and diagnosis of covid-19 in china. | since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2003, china has gradually built a robust prevention and control system for sudden infectious diseases. all large hospitals have a fever clinic that isolates patients with all kinds of acute communicable diseases as the first line of medical defense. the emergency department, as the second line of medical defense in hospitals, is constantly shouldering the heavy responsibility of screening communicable diseases while also tr ... | 2020 | 32425004 |
| perforin and resistance to sars coronavirus 2. | | 2020 | 32422144 |
| current and future point-of-care tests for emerging and new respiratory viruses and future perspectives. | the availability of pathogen-specific treatment options for respiratory tract infections (rtis) increased the need for rapid diagnostic tests. besides, retrospective studies, improved lab-based detection methods and the intensified search for new viruses since the beginning of the twenty-first century led to the discovery of several novel respiratory viruses. among them are human bocavirus (hbov), human coronaviruses (hcov-hku1, -nl63), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), rhinovirus type c (rv-c), and ... | 2020 | 32411619 |
| covid-19: progression of disease and intravascular coagulation - present status and future perspectives. | the timely and accurate diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), remains the cornerstone of efforts to provide appropriated treatment for patients, to limit further spread of the virus and ultimately to eliminate the virus from the human society. we focus this article on (a) developments for improvement of diagnosis of specific sars-cov-2 virus, (b) laboratory changes in the immunologic and ... | 2020 | 32406381 |
| cardiac injury, arrhythmia, and sudden death in a covid-19 patient. | | 2020 | 32405457 |
| synergistic antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination against sars-cov-2: what molecular dynamics studies of virus-host interactions reveal. | the emergence of sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has led to a global pandemic disease referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19). hydroxychloroquine (clq-oh)/azithromycin (atm) combination therapy is currently being tested for the treatment of covid-19, with promising results. however, the molecular mechanism of action of this combination is not yet established. using molecular dynamics (md) simulations, this study shows that the drugs act in synergy to prevent any close contact between th ... | 2020 | 32405156 |
| sars coronavirus 2; how many more examples do we need before the world commits to decisive action? | | 2020 | 32402140 |
| recent advances of therapeutic targets and potential drugs of covid-19. | since december 2019, numerous cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the infection of the novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) have been confirmed in wuhan, china. the outbreak of 2019-ncov in china embodied a significant and urgent threat to global health. 2019-ncov was a new, highly contagious coronavirus discovered following the outbreak of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) and mers coronavirus (mers-cov). the novel coronavirus can cause severe respiratory disease and even death. however, ... | 2020 | 32393419 |
| evaluation of sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibodies using a cpe-based colorimetric live virus micro-neutralization assay in human serum samples. | the micro-neutralization assay is a fundamental test in virology, immunology, vaccine assessment, and epidemiology studies. since the sars-cov-2 outbreak at the end of december 2019 in china, it has become extremely important to have well-established and validated diagnostic and serological assays for this new emerging virus. here, we present a micro-neutralization assay with the use of sars-cov-2 wild type virus with two different methods of read-out. we evaluated the performance of this assay ... | 2020 | 32383254 |
| high prevalence of olfactory and taste disorder during sars-cov-2 infection in outpatients. | | 2020 | 32383174 |
| gene of the month: the 2019-ncov/sars-cov-2 novel coronavirus spike protein. | the year 2020 has seen a major and sustained outbreak of a novel betacoronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2) infection that causes fever, severe respiratory illness and pneumonia, a disease called covid-19. at the time of writing, the death toll was greater than 120 000 worldwide with more than 2 million documented infections. the genome of the cov encodes a number of structural proteins that facilitate cellular entry and assembly of virions, of which the spike ... | 2020 | 32376714 |
| sars unique domain (sud) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induces nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent cxcl10-mediated pulmonary inflammation. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) initiates the cytokine/chemokine storm-mediated lung injury. the sars-cov unique domain (sud) with three macrodomains (n, m, and c), showing the g-quadruplex binding activity, was examined the possible role in sars pathogenesis in this study. the chemokine profile analysis indicated that sars-cov sud significantly up-regulated the expression of cxcl10, ccl5 and interleukin (il)-1β in human lung epithelial cells and in the lung t ... | 2020 | 32365944 |
| amantadine disrupts lysosomal gene expression: a hypothesis for covid19 treatment. | sars-coronavirus 2 is the causal agent of the covid-19 outbreak. sars-cov-2 entry into a cell is dependent upon binding of the viral spike (s) protein to cellular receptor and on cleavage of the spike protein by the host cell proteases such as cathepsin l and cathepsin b. ctsl/b are crucial elements of lysosomal pathway and both enzymes are almost exclusively located in the lysosomes. ctsl disruption offers potential for covid-19 therapies. the mechanisms of disruption include: decreasing expres ... | 2020 | 32361028 |
| a dynamic immune response shapes covid-19 progression. | the inflammatory response to sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection is thought to underpin covid-19 pathogenesis. we conducted daily transcriptomic profiling of three covid-19 cases and found that the early immune response in covid-19 patients is highly dynamic. patient throat swabs were tested daily for sars-cov-2, with the virus persisting for 3 to 4 weeks in all three patients. cytokine analyses of whole blood revealed increased cytokine expression in the single most severe case. however, ... | 2020 | 32359396 |
| emergence of drift variants that may affect covid-19 vaccine development and antibody treatment. | new coronavirus (sars-cov-2) treatments and vaccines are under development to combat covid-19. several approaches are being used by scientists for investigation, including (1) various small molecule approaches targeting rna polymerase, 3c-like protease, and rna endonuclease; and (2) exploration of antibodies obtained from convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from covid-19. the coronavirus genome is highly prone to mutations that lead to genetic drift and escape from immune recogn ... | 2020 | 32357545 |
| telmisartan as tentative angiotensin receptor blocker therapeutic for covid-19. | in late 2019, a new coronavirus emerged in wuhan province, china, causing lung complications similar to those produced by the sars coronavirus in the 2002-2003 epidemic. this new disease was named covid-19 and the causative virus sars-cov-2. the sars-cov-2 virus enters the airway and binds, by means of the s protein on its surface to the membrane protein ace2 in type 2 alveolar cells. the s protein-ace2 complex is internalized by endocytosis leading to a partial decrease or total loss of the enz ... | 2020 | 32356926 |
| web exclusive. annals on call - surge modeling for covid-19. | [figure: see text]. | 2020 | 32353107 |
| [covid-19 : intensive care management]. | the sars-coronavirus 2 disease initially reported in december 2019 in china (covid-19) represents a major challenge for intensive care medicine, due to the high number of icu admission and the prolonged stay for many patients. up to 5 % of covid-19 infected patients develop severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation as supportive treatment. apart from early antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment, the management of covid-19 patients is mainly applying ... | 2020 | 32348055 |
| impact of immune enhancement on covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development. | the pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. vaccines that prevent sars-cov-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe covid-19 are thus urgently needed. a rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for covid-19 ... | 2020 | 32344202 |
| managing close contacts of covid-19 confirmed cases in metropolitan areas in china. | the novel coronavirus (covid-19) outbreak has rapidly spread across the world. as medical systems continue to develop vaccines and treatments, it is crucial for the public health community to establish nonpharmaceutical interventions (npis) that can effectively mitigate the rate of sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) spread across highly populated residential areas, especially among individuals who have close contact with confirmed cases. a community-driven preparedness strategy has been implemented ... | 2020 | 32332481 |
| sars-cov-2 infection in children - understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic. | in december 2019, a cluster of patients with severe pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) emerged in the city of wuhan, china. the disease is now termed coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). in the early reports, the patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly men, and children appeared to be less susceptible to this infection. with modern and efficient transportation, the disease quickly spread to almost all corners of the world and the mortality far exceeds that caused by severe ... | 2020 | 32330332 |
| drug development and medicinal chemistry efforts toward sars-coronavirus and covid-19 therapeutics. | the covid-19 pandemic caused by sars-cov-2 infection is spreading at an alarming rate and has created an unprecedented health emergency around the globe. there is no effective vaccine or approved drug treatment against covid-19 and other pathogenic coronaviruses. the development of antiviral agents is an urgent priority. biochemical events critical to the coronavirus replication cycle provided a number of attractive targets for drug development. these include, spike protein for binding to host c ... | 2020 | 32324951 |
| sars-cov-2 infection in pregnancy - a review of the current literature and possible impact on maternal and neonatal outcome. | in december 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown cause first started to appear in wuhan in china; subsequently, a new coronavirus was soon identified as the cause of the illness, now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). since then, infections have been confirmed worldwide in numerous countries, with the number of cases steadily rising. the aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and, in particular, ... | 2020 | 32322107 |
| active constituents and mechanisms of respiratory detox shot, a traditional chinese medicine prescription, for covid-19 control and prevention: network-molecular docking-lc-mse analysis. | lung-toxin dispelling formula no. 1, referred to as respiratory detox shot (rds), was developed based on a classical prescription of traditional chinese medicine (tcm) and the theoretical understanding of herbal properties within tcm. therapeutic benefits of using rds for both disease control and prevention, in the effort to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), have been shown. however, the biochemically active constituents of rds and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. the ... | 2020 | 32307268 |
| chloroquine paradox may cause more damage than help fight covid-19. | novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic is the most recent health care crisis without specific prophylactic or therapeutic drugs. antimalarial drug chloroquine (chl) and its safer derivative hydroxychloroquine (hchl) have been proposed to be repurposed to treat sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), the causative agent of covid-19. chl/hchl have anti-inflammatory activity and are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and lupus. although, chl/hchl have an anti-viral activity aga ... | 2020 | 32305500 |
| pharmacologic treatment of transplant recipients infected with sars-cov-2: considerations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-drug interactions. | covid-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (sars)-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe covid-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (isds). it is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with ... | 2020 | 32304488 |
| coinfection with covid-19 and coronavirus hku1-the critical need for repeat testing if clinically indicated. | | 2020 | 32293743 |
| searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of covid-19 and sars-cov. | since december 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (covid-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in wuhan, china, and caused great public concern. both covid-19 and sars-cov belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ace2. an in-depth understanding of ace2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them ti ... | 2020 | 32285293 |
| limits of detection of 6 approved rt-pcr kits for the novel sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). | | 2020 | 32282874 |
| emergence of novel coronavirus and covid-19: whether to stay or die out? | the last century has witnessed several assaults from rna viruses, resulting in millions of death throughout the world. the 21st century appears no longer an exception, with the trend continued with escalated fear of sars coronavirus in 2002 and further concern of influenza h5n1 in 2003. a novel influenza virus created the first pandemic of the 21st century, the pandemic flu in 2009 preceded with the emergence of another deadly virus, mers-cov in 2012. a novel coronavirus "sars-cov-2" (and the di ... | 2020 | 32282268 |
| false negative of rt-pcr and prolonged nucleic acid conversion in covid-19: rather than recurrence. | | 2020 | 32270882 |
| intersecting u.s. epidemics: covid-19 and lack of health insurance. | | 2020 | 32259195 |
| ace2 the janus-faced protein - from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and covid-19. | angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of ang ii into ang-(1-7). it also acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2, which causes coronavirus disease (covid)-19. in recognition of the importance of ace2 and to celebrate 20 years since its discovery, the journal will publish a focused issue on the basic science and (patho)physiological role of this multifunctional protein. | 2020 | 32255491 |
| a first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with sars-coronavirus-2. | novel coronavirus (sars-coronavirus-2:sars-cov-2) which emerged in wuhan, china, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. we report the first case of meningitis associated with sars-cov-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. he had never been to any foreign countries. he felt generalized fatigue and fever (day 1). he saw doctors nearby twice (day 2 and 5) and was prescribed laninamivir and antipyretic agents, his family visited his home and found t ... | 2020 | 32251791 |
| structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against sars-cov-2 infection. | the recent emergence of the novel pathogenic sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for a worldwide pandemic. given the global health emergency, drug repositioning is the most reliable option to design an efficient therapy for infected patients without delay. the first step of the viral replication cycle [i.e. attachment to the surface of respiratory cells, mediated by the spike (s) viral protein] offers several potential therapeutic targets. the s protein uses the angiotension-convertin ... | 2020 | 32251731 |
| microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: immunogenicity and rapid translational development. | coronaviruses pose a serious threat to global health as evidenced by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and covid-19. sars coronavirus (sars-cov), mers coronavirus (mers-cov), and the novel coronavirus, previously dubbed 2019-ncov, and now officially named sars-cov-2, are the causative agents of the sars, mers, and covid-19 disease outbreaks, respectively. safe vaccines that rapidly induce potent and long-lasting virus-specific immune responses aga ... | 2020 | 32249203 |
| sars-cov-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: what we know so far. | in december 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in wuhan, china. they were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. all patients had been associated with the wuhan wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. the virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in china initiated a containment effort. however, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrom ... | 2020 | 32245083 |
| smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus sars-cov-2 (covid-19). | the epicenter of the original outbreak in china has high male smoking rates of around 50%, and early reported death rates have an emphasis on older males, therefore the likelihood of smokers being overrepresented in fatalities is high. in iran, china, italy, and south korea, female smoking rates are much lower than males. fewer females have contracted the virus. if this analysis is correct, then indonesia would be expected to begin experiencing high rates of covid-19 because its male smoking rat ... | 2020 | 32244852 |
| substituting angiotensin-(1-7) to prevent lung damage in sars-cov-2 infection? | | 2020 | 32242749 |
| covid-19, ace2, and the cardiovascular consequences. | the novel sars coronavirus sars-cov-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (cvd). the mechanism for sars-cov-2 infection is the requisite binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. recognition that ace2 is the coreceptor for the coronavirus has prompted new therapeutic approaches to block the enzyme or reduce its expression to prevent the cell ... | 2020 | 32228252 |
| could sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects? | | 2020 | 32220633 |
| structural genomics of sars-cov-2 indicates evolutionary conserved functional regions of viral proteins. | during its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. however, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and ... | 2020 | 32218151 |
| autopsy in suspected covid-19 cases. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus-2 (cov-2) outbreak in wuhan, china has now spread to many countries across the world including the uk with an increasing death toll. this will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)-related deaths at autopsy. the royal college of pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to covid-19. the following article is a summary and int ... | 2020 | 32198191 |
| differences and similarities between severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov) and sars-cov-2. would a rose by another name smell as sweet? | | 2020 | 32196628 |
| sars coronavirus redux. | as an atypical pneumonia began to appear in december 2019, zhou et al. worked with remarkable speed to identify the associated virus, determine its relationship to animal viruses, and evaluate factors conferring infection susceptibility and resistance. these foundational results are being advanced to control the current worldwide human coronavirus epidemic. | 2020 | 32173256 |
| a high atp concentration enhances the cooperative translocation of the sars coronavirus helicase nsp13 in the unwinding of duplex rna. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 13 (scv nsp13), a superfamily 1 helicase, plays a central role in viral rna replication through the unwinding of duplex rna and dna with a 5' single-stranded tail in a 5' to 3' direction. despite its putative role in viral rna replication, nsp13 readily unwinds duplex dna by cooperative translocation. herein, nsp13 exhibited different characteristics in duplex rna unwinding than that in duplex dna. nsp13 showed very poor process ... | 2020 | 32161317 |