| ultraviolet irradiation of herpes simplex virus (type 1): delayed transcription and comparative sensitivites of virus functions. | the delay in the replication of herpes simplex virus surviving u.v. irradiation occurs after the uncoating of virus, as judged by sensitivity to dnase. it occurs before translation, judged by the kinetics of appearance of various virus-specific proteins, and before transcription, judged by the detection of virus-specific rna by in situ hybridization. since the delays in both transcription and translation are reversed by photoreactivation, the simplest hypothesis is that pyrimidine dimers directl ... | 1980 | 6252290 |
| mutant analysis of herpes simplex virus-induced cell surface antigens: resistance to complement-mediated immune cytolysis. | bhk-21 cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain kos representing 16 complementation groups were tested for susceptibility to complement-mediated immune cytolysis at permissive (34 degrees c) and nonpermissive (39 degrees c) temperatures. only cells infected by mutants in complementation group e were resistant to immune cytolysis in a temperature-sensitive manner compared with wild-type infections. the expression of group e mutant cell surface antige ... | 1980 | 6252331 |
| herpes simplex virus phosphoproteins. ii. characterization of the virion protein kinase and of the polypeptides phosphorylated in the virion. | the protein kinase associated with purified herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 virions partitioned with the capsid-tegument structures and was not solubilized by non-ionic detergents and low, non-inhibitory concentrations of urea. the enzyme required mg2+ or mn2+ and utilized atp or gtp. the activity was enhanced by non-ionic detergents and by na+ even in the presence of high concentrations of of mg2+, but not by cyclic nucleotides. the enzyme associated with capsid-tegument structures phosphorylated ... | 1980 | 6252339 |
| preparation and characterization of specific antisera to individual glycoprotein antigens comprising the major glycoprotein region of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the major glycoprotein complex (vp123) of herpes simplex virus type 1 resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was purified and further fractionated into two major and two minor components by chromatography of the isolated vp123 region on sds-hydroxylapatite columns. the two major components (gc and ga/gb) were purified free of other polypeptides and used to prepare specific antisera to these glycoproteins. radioimmune precipitation demonstrated that these anti ... | 1980 | 6252346 |
| 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: synthesis, specific phosphorylation by herpesvirus thymidine kinase, and stability to ph of the enzymically formed diphosphate derivative. | radioactive 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (5'-adthd), an inhibitor of herpes simplex virus, was synthesized by direct amination of monotosylated thymidine with concentrated ammonium hydroxide. incubation of 5'-adthd with purified herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase produced the diphosphate derivative. the monphosphate derivative of 5'-adthd was not detected as a reaction product of this enzymatic phosphorylation. a purified mixture of nonviral thymidine kinase ... | 1980 | 6252834 |
| herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase transcripts are absent from both nucleus and cytoplasm during infection in the presence of cycloheximide. | nick-translated dna from a recombinant plasmid containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene was used as a probe for the synthesis of thymidine kinase rna. the recombinant plasmid was generated by inserting the 3.5-kilobase fragment derived by bamhi digestion of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna into plasmid pbr322. at 8 h after infection, cytoplasmic and nuclear rna hybridized to 14% and 19% of the recombinant dna probe, respectively. however, no significant hybridization was f ... | 1980 | 6253662 |
| synthesis and processing of glycoproteins gd and gc of herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) contains five glycoproteins, designated ga, gb, gc, gd, and ge. the present studies focused on the synthesis and processing of two of these, gc and gd. by using monoprecipitin antibody to gc, we demonstrated an antigenic and structural relationship between the precursor, pgc(110), and the product, gc(130). tryptic peptide analysis showed that pgc and gc shared methionine peptides and that these molecules had the same fingerprint pattern as that of gc(130) extr ... | 1980 | 6253668 |
| mechanism of inhibition of herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus dna polymerases by aphidicolin, a highly specific inhibitor of dna replication in eucaryotes. | the inhibition in vitro of herpes simplex virus 1 and vaccinia virus dna polymerases by aphidicolin is primarily noncompetitive with dgtp, datp, dttp, dna, and mg2+ and competitive with dctp in analogy with the mode of inhibition of cellular alpha-polymerase. the degree of inhibition of viral or cellular growth in vivo can be quantitatively predicted by the degree of inhibition of the isolated replicative dna polymerases at the same concentration of aphidicolin in suitable conditions (limiting d ... | 1980 | 6253671 |
| herpes simplex virus dna sequences in the cns of latently infected mice. | it has been amply documented that herpes simplex virus (hsv) persists in sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (pns). in contrast, hsv latency in the central nervous system (cns) has not been well characterized. corneal inoculation of virus results in a productive viral infection in the cns during the first week after inoculation, indicating that the virus can progress from the pns to the cns. during latency, hsv has been found by co-cultivation of cns tissue in only a very small frac ... | 1980 | 6253827 |
| cloning of reiterated and nonreiterated herpes simplex virus 1 sequences as bamhi fragments. | over 95% of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain f) dna sequences have been cloned as bamhi fragments in the pbr322 plasmid. with one exception, all of the cloned fragments have the same electrophoretic mobilities and restriction enzyme cleavage sites as do the authentic fragments derived from the bamhi digests of the viral genome. the exception is the bamhi b fragment mapping at the right end of l component in the prototype arrangement of the dna. thus, a small deletion mapping near the left ... | 1980 | 6254015 |
| dna-transformed murine teratocarcinoma cells: regulation of expression of simian virus 40 tumor antigen in stem versus differentiated cells. | thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-; atp:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.21)f9 teratocarcinoma stem cells have been transformed with a recombinant plasmid genome consisting of the pbr322 genome linked to a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (hsv-1 tk) and a simian virus 40 (sv40) genome. a clonal line of stem cells was obtained that contains only one copy of plasmid dna, which is integrated into murine chromosomal dna through a site on the pbrr322 genome. the hsv-1 tk gene, ... | 1980 | 6254045 |
| latency of herpes simplex virus in absence of neutralizing antibody: model for reactivation. | mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus (type 1) by the lip or corneal route and then passively immunized with rabbit antibody to herpes simplex virus developed a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia within 96 hours. neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus was cleared from the circulation and could not be detected in most of these mice after 2 months. examination of ganglia from the antibody-negative mice revealed latent virus in over 90 percent of the animals, indicating that seru ... | 1980 | 6254149 |
| comparison of indirect hemagglutination and 51chromium release tests for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies in patients with recurrent herpes infections. | indirect hemagglutination and 51cr release tests (ihat and 51-crt respectively) were compared in patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections from whom hsv-1 or hsv-2 was isolated. both tests were equally sensitive and specific in detecting hsv antibodies. however, ihat was more specific in detecting homologous hsv antibody response in patients with recurrent hsv-2 infections. past infections with hsv-1 in the patients with dual infections were detected by determining hsv-type s ... | 1980 | 6254476 |
| reaction patterns of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 proteins with sera of patients with uterine cervical carcinoma and matched controls. | serum from 105 individuals with diagnosed uterine cervical cancer and 231 matched controls were examined for their ability to react with a large number of herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) proteins. radiolabeled hsv-1 or hsv-2 proteins were mixed with test serum and immune complexes were isolated with staphylococcal protein a. viral proteins in the immune complexes were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. when the frequency of precipi ... | 1980 | 6254649 |
| resistance to hsv-1 in the mouse is governed by two major, independently segregating, non-h-2 loci. | earlier studies showed that genetic resistance of adult, inbred strains of mice to herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1) is a dominant genetic trait. the present studies were undertaken to determine the number of genetic loci involved and whether they were found within the major histocompatibility complex, h-2, of the mouse. challenge with hsv-1 of progeny of mice backcrossed to moderately susceptible balb/c mice, of progeny of mice backcrossed to very susceptible a/j strain mice, and of progeny o ... | 1980 | 6254873 |
| the effect of polyamines on herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase purified from infected baby hamster kidney cells (bhk-21/c13). | the dna polymerase whose synthesis is directed by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna was purified 545-fold from bhk-21/c13 cells 16 h after infection with the virus. spermidine and spermine stimulated the activity of the polymerase over the concentration range 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm. this effect was enhanced with increased concentrations of polyamine, maximum stimulation being threefold and fourfold for spermidine and spermine respectively. the diamine, putrescine, had little effect on the en ... | 1980 | 6255073 |
| the effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on herpes simplex virus replication. | both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) failed, in an identical fashion to replicate and produce extensive c.p.e. in human cell monolayer cultures which were exposed (8 h before infection, at infection, or 8 h p.i.) to various concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. similar results were obtained with a plaque assay utilizing confluent monkey cells. possible mechanisms for this antiviral activity are discussed. | 1980 | 6255077 |
| quantification of plasminogen activator activity associated with herpesvirus-transformed cells. | herpesvirus-transformed cell lines were examined for plasminogen activator (pa) activity using a quantitative assay. previous results of cold fibrin overlay assays indicated that herpesvirus-transformed hamster cell lines produce fibrinolytic activity. quantification of this activity involved the use of an 125i-fibrin lysis assay in which medium previously incubated with transformed or normal cells was tested for its ability to lyse 125i-fibrin polymers. this assay indicated an enhanced producti ... | 1980 | 6255081 |
| nuclear processing of viral high-molecular-weight rna in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | nuclear rna isolated from cells infected by herpes simplex virus type 1, strain f, was fractionated on formamide-sucrose gradients into two major classes, greater and less than 45s. these two classes of labeled nuclear rna were hybridized to viral dna fragments generated by digestion with the restriction enzymes hindiii and bglii. early in infection, only a few dna fragments hybridized to rna, with slight differences between the two classes. late in infection, all dna fragments hybridized, showi ... | 1980 | 6255179 |
| comparative structural analysis of glycoprotein gd of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | we studied the synthesis and processing of the type-common glycoprotein gd in herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and compared it structurally to glycoprotein gd of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). we demonstrated that in hsv-2, gd undergoes posttranslational processing from a lower-molecular-weight precursor (pgd51) to a higher-molecular-weight product (gd56). tryptic peptide analysis by cation-exchange chromatography indicated that this processing step altered neither the methionine nor th ... | 1980 | 6255183 |
| fine-structure mapping and functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein vp175. | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific proteins fall into at least three kinetic classes whose synthesis is sequentially and coordinaely regulated. temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of one complementation group (1-2) are defective in the transition from immediate early to early and late protein synthesis. to elucidate the function of the 1-2 gene product in the hsv type 1 replicative cycle, nine ts mutants in this group were mapped by fine-structure analysis and characterized members of the group ... | 1980 | 6255206 |
| frequency and levels of antibodies to epstein-barr virus-specific dnase are elevated in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | sera from healthy individuals and patients with infectious mononucleosis, burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or other malignancies were examined for their capacity to neutralize epstein-barr virus (ebv)-induced dnase activity. sera were found that neutralized the ebv dnase but not herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 dnases, and vice versa. sera from 46 of the 49 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma examined (94%) neutralized > 6 units of ebv dnase per ml of serum. in contrast, only ... | 1980 | 6255477 |
| the possible relationship of herpes simplex virus infection to cause of retardation in severe mental handicap. | the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 1 and mental retardation is explored by studying the antibody levels to this virus in a group of 86 severely and profoundly retarded adults. a tendency towards higher antibody levels is found in patients whose retardation is of unknown aetiology. the relationship of these observations to previous research findings and the possible significance of herpes simplex virus in the aetiology of mental retardation are discussed. | 1980 | 6255507 |
| mapping of the herpes simplex virus dna sequences present in herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase-transformed cells. | analyses of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna sequences which are present in three hsv thymidine kinase-transformed (hsvtk+) mouse cell lines have revealed that these cells contain relatively large and variable portions of the viral genome. two of these cell lines do not contain the viral dna sequences known to encode the early viral genes normally responsible for regulating tk gene expression during lytic hsv infections. this finding suggests that cell-associated viral tk gene expression may b ... | 1980 | 6255619 |
| deoxyribonucleases in herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infected primary rabbit kidney cells. | in primary rabbit kidney cells infected with herpes simplex virus four different neutral deoxyribonuclease activities can be detected by means of the deoxyribonuclease assay in dna-containing polyacrylamide gels following their separation by disc-electrophoresis. the method is suitable to follow independently the change in each activity of the different enzymes using only about 5 x 10(5) cells for each assay during the time-course of infection. under these conditions one enzyme activity is const ... | 1980 | 6255696 |
| antiviral activity of antilipidemic compounds on herpes simplex virus type 1. | two antilipidemic compounds, clofibrate and procetofene, inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in african green monkey kidney cells. clofibrate, at a concentration of 400 mumol/liter caused a 63% reduction (p < 0.001) in hsv-1 yield and at 100 mumol/liter caused a 62% reduction (p < 0.001) in plaque formation. two stereoisomeric analogs of clofibric acid, (-)- and (+)-desmethyl clofibric acid, also caused a significant inhibition of hsv-1 replication. procetofene at 5 ... | 1980 | 6255860 |
| erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine alone and in combination with 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine in treatment of systemic herpesvirus infections in mice. | although the antiviral activity of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, a potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor, against herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture was readily confirmed, the compound was found to be totally ineffective in the treatment of experimentally induced systemic herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in swiss mice. data were obtained, however, which clearly indicated that the antiviral potency of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine in vivo could be enhanced by the co-admin ... | 1980 | 6255863 |
| selective inhibition of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein synthesis by a benz-amidinohydrazone derivative. | 1h-benz[f]indene-1.3(2h)dione-bis-amidinohydrazone (benzhydrazone) inhibited incorporation of 14c-glucosamine, 14c-fucose and 14c-mannose into glycoproteins of hep-2 cells infected with various strains of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and impaired rna and protein synthesis to a low extent. these biochemical effects are very similar to those induced by glycosylation inhibitors such as tunicamycin, d-glucosamine and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. in contrast to these inhibitors, benzhydrazone reduced hsv gly ... | 1980 | 6255895 |
| immunogenicity of subviral herpes simplex virus type 1 preparation: protection of mice against intradermal challenge with type 1 and type 2 viruses. | an intradermal assay system for herpes simplex virus in the infected pinna (external ear) of mice was utilized for examining the immunogenicity of an experimental subviral herpes simplex type 1 virus vaccine. the administration of one dose of vaccine with adjuvant did not prevent the appearance of erythema; however, it markedly reduced the severity skin lesions induced by either type 1 or type 2 virus. in addition, neurological complications frequently seen in control mice were never observed in ... | 1980 | 6255896 |
| evaluation of 2,2'-anhydro-1-(3'-ok-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine hydrochloride and related compounds as antineoplastic and antiviral agents. | 2,2'-anhydro-1-(3'-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (anhydro-araic 3'-acetate), previously synthesized and isolated as a crude product by moffatt and his coworkers, was purified and characterized. the availability of pure anhydro-araic 3'-acetate made possible a comparative study of the antineoplastic, antiviral and biochemical potencies of anhydro-araic 3'-acetate with the structurally related agents 2,2'-anhydro-1-(3'-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (anhydro-arac 3'-a ... | 1981 | 6257405 |
| coexistence of nucleosomal and various non-nucleosomal chromatin configurations in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | coexistence of four different forms of chromatin was observed by electron microscopy in nuclear spread preparations of monkey kidney cells during late stages of infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 amg). besides typical nucleosomal (i) chromatin, thin (3-5 nm) strands morphologically indistinguishable from protein-free dna were frequent, without (ii) or with (iii) sparse 10-22 nm large granules different from nucleosomes. in addition, uniformly thick (mean 17 nm), heavily stained chromatin ... | 1980 | 6257520 |
| assessment of acyclovir on acute ocular infection induced by drug-resistant strains of hsv-1. | effects of topical acyclovir treatment on rabbit eyes infected with parent mckrae, idoxuridine-resistant, and vidarabine-resistant strains of hsv-1 were studied. topical acyclovir therapy given four times a day was significantly more effective than idoxuridine and vidarabine at suppressing acute herpetic ocular disease induced by either sensitive or drug-resistant strains of hsv-1. virus isolation from neural tissues indicated that none of the therapy prevented viral infection of the nervous sys ... | 1981 | 6257622 |
| correlation of herpes simplex virus antibody titers and specific lymphocyte stimulation in adult blood donors. | antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 in sera from healthy adult donors were assayed by complement fixation, microneutralization, and an enzyme immunoassay (elisa). this last test proved to be the most sensitive method for antibody detection. it was estimated that elisa antibody titers were up to 40-fold higher than neutralizing antibody titers and up to 100-fold higher than complement fixation antibody titers. due to the higher sensitivity of elisa, only 3 of 36 blood donors tested in ... | 1981 | 6257756 |
| sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of human immunoglobulin g and detection of herpes simplex virus. | a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) was developed for detecting human immunoglobulin g and herpes simplex viral antigen. a comparison of celisa with a conventional absorptiometric detection system showed that celisa was 100 times more sensitive than absorptiometry for the measurement of human immunglobulin g. similarly, celisa detected as few as 40 plaque-forming units of herpes simplex virus in contrast to 2,500 plaque-forming units detected by absorptiometry. of 18 sp ... | 1981 | 6257758 |
| tubular structures in mixed infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. | | 1980 | 6257833 |
| hsv-1 infection inhibits procollagen and protein secretion from normal and ataxia telangiectasia cultured skin fibroblasts. | human skin fibroblasts derived from a healthy individual and from a child with the genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the virus infection did not affect the synthesis of procollagen but inhibited its release from the cells. | 1980 | 6257835 |
| the structure of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna as probed by micrococcal nuclease digestion. | micrococcal nuclease digestion was used to probe the structures in which herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) dna is found during virus replication. parental dna, progeny dna and dna in nucleocapsids were analysed. parental dna was examined after infection of vero cells with 32p- or 3h-thymidine-labelled hsv-i. progeny dna was examined after hsv-i-infected vero cells were pulse-labelled with 3h-thymidine during hsv-i dna synthesis. in both cases, nuclei were isolated and digested with micrococcal ... | 1980 | 6257837 |
| analysis of herpes simplex virus nucleoprotein complexes extracted from infected cells. | hep-2 cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and labeled with [3h]thymidine and 14c-amino acids. infected cells or nuclei prepared from them were extracted with triton x-100 and nacl, utilizing a method recently described, and the low-speed supernatant (extract) was partially purified by sedimentation on sucrose gradients. a nucleoprotein complex which sedimented as a wide peak around 200s was identified. the nucleoprotein complex contained viral dna, which banded at the expected d ... | 1980 | 6257929 |
| biochemical transformation of thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient mouse cells by herpes simplex virus type 1 dna fragments purified from hybrid plasmids. | the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of hsv-1 has been cloned in escherichia coli k12 plasmids, pmh1, pmh1a, and pmh4. these plasmids contain a 1,92obp hsv-1 tk dna sequence, which replaces a 2,067 bp ecor i to pvu ii sequence of plasmid pbr322 dna. superhelical dnas of plasmids pmh1, pmh1a, and pmh4 as well as plasmid dnas cleaved by ecor i, hinc ii, bg1 ii, sma i, and pvu ii transformed tk-deficient lm(tk-) cells to the tk+ phenotype. a 1,230bp ecor i-sma i fragment purified from pmh1 dna (and from ... | 1980 | 6258139 |
| [in vivo and in vitro activity of streptococcus faecium extract on herpes simplex virus]. | the effects of substance or substance extracted from str. faecium sf 68 on hsv-1 are evaluated. the "in vivo" assay show that bacterial extract introduced i.p. in mice simultaneously with hsv-1 brought about 100% of survival, but bacterial extract after virus challenge brought about complete mortality of mice. "in vitro" assays show that bacterial extract reduce significantly pfu number. it seemed that str. faecium extract affected the virus at the stage of adsorption on the host cells. | 1980 | 6258615 |
| depletion of total hemolytic complement in sera from hamsters bearing herpes simplex type 2-induced tumors. | total hemolytic complement (ch50) levels were compared in sera from normal hamsters and hamsters bearing tumors derived from herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed cells ch50 in normal sera ranged from 160 to 212 while ch50 in tumor bearer sera ranged from 82 to 146. preincubation of tumor bearer sera with cell surface proteins (csp) from homologous herpes simplex virus type 2-derived tumor cells resulted in a 66% depletion of ch50 whereas preincubation with heterologous herpes simplex virus ty ... | 1980 | 6258785 |
| chromosomal dna homologous to herpes simplex virus 1 in a mouse l-cell line. | cytological hybridization in situ was used to identify chromosomes carrying dna sequences homologous to herpes simplex i (hsv-i) dna in a hsv-transformed l-cell line. the l-cell karyotype, frequency of chromosome distribution, and possible homology to the normal chromosome complement are given. the major chromosomal sites for transcription of ribosomal rna (rrna) were also determined. | 1981 | 6258865 |
| [substances with antiviral. xvi. thiosemicarbazones containing benzofuran and 1h-indene moieties]. | a few hydrazones with benzofuran and 1h-indene moieties were synthesized and screened in vitro against vaccinia virus strain ihd, parainfluenza type 3 virus strain ha-1/cr-8, and the mp mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 [hsv-1 (mp)]. only the thiosemicarbazones were active. the thiosemicarbazone of 3-chloro-2-formyl-1h-indene inhibited vaccinia virus to a greater extent than methisazone, used as reference standard. furthermore, this compound was active also against parainfluenza and herpes v ... | 1981 | 6258974 |
| expression of type-common envelope antigens by herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed hamster cells. | at least ten polypeptides were detected on the surface of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) virion. two of these polypeptides, having molecular weights of 30,000 and 33,000, were identified in two herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed cell lines (333-8-9 and 333-2-29) by immunoprecipitation and sds-page. the same two virion polypeptides previously were shown to be present in an hsv-1-transformed cell line (14-012-8-1, t-10). these observations suggest that genetic information coding for ... | 1980 | 6259083 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone. | 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone (1b) was synthesized via modification of the silyl method. 1b inhibits the herpes simplex virus type 1 (98%) and type 2 (97%) at a concentration which is nontoxic to human hela cells. the compound shows 50 times greater binding affinity (lower ki) to the virus-specific thymidine kinase than to the thymidine kinase of uninfected hela cells. | 1981 | 6259353 |
| dependence of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced cell fusion on cell type. | | 1981 | 6259834 |
| investigations on the mechanism of induction of the alkaline phosphatase by bromodesoxyuridine in herpes simplex virus transformed cells and the transport of uridine. | addition of brdurd in combination with prednisolone to hsv1-transformed hamster embryo cells induces an alkaline phosphatase (ap). fdurd enhances, dthd reduces the inducing capacity of brdurd and prednisolone. induction is prevented by addition of cycloheximide or of cytosine arabinoside. brdurd reduces transport and phosphorylation of exogenously applied labeled urd, especially the amount of utp, udp and urd-diphosphate sugars. the lineweaver-burk-plot of uridine-uptake after addition of brdurd ... | 1980 | 6259845 |
| mode of action of phosphonoformate as an anti-herpes simplex virus agent. | phosphonoformate inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2 in culture. the concentration required to inhibit the replication of both types of virus by 2 logs at 28 h post-infection was approximately 150 microm. it was more potent than phosphonoacetate against the growth of both virus types. a virus mutant which is resistant to phosphonoacetate was cross-resistant to phosphonoformate. arsonoacetate, at 300 microm, had no antivirus activity. phosphonoformate also in ... | 1981 | 6260189 |
| [the effect of viruses on megakaryocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. | bone marrow suspensions from adolescent rats contain 0.3% megakaryocytes; this rate decreases to almost zero within 72--96 h cultivation in vitro in leighton tubes because of thrombocytopoesis. such cultures were inoculated immediately after seeding with different viruses in high multiplicity. after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or adenovirus type 2, no deviation of the number and morphology of the megakaryocytes was seen when compared with control cultures. however, after infection ... | 1981 | 6260271 |
| optimized assay for thymidine kinase and its application to the detection of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1- and 2-induced thymidine kinase. | an optimized assay for herpes simplex virus type 1- and 2-induced deoxythymidine kinase (dtk) is described which used [125i]iododeoxyuridine (iudr) as a substrate. values for km and vsat were determined for both viral and cellular dtk, using either deoxythymidine or iudr as a substrate. a comparison between the two substrates revealed that higher reaction velocities and lower km values were obtained with iudr. a standard assay was designed which uses 10(-7) m iudr as a substrate. this assay can ... | 1980 | 6260651 |
| type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1. | hybridoma cells produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice primed with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 yielded five clones producing neutralizing antibody against homologous virus. two clones, hcl and hc2, produced antibody capable of precipitating glycoprotein c and its precursor, whereas three clones, hd1, hd2, and hd3, produced antibody capable of precipitating glycoprotein d and its precursor. antibody produced by the hc1 and hc2 clones neutralized hsv type 1 but no ... | 1980 | 6260657 |
| immunological reactivity of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 polypeptides electrophoretically separated and transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. | in this paper we report that viral polypeptides from herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2)-infected cells electrophoretically separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-agarose gels and transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper can react with rabbit hyperimmune sera, both polyvalent and prepared against specific antigens. the polyvalent hyperimmune sera against hsv-1 reacted with 17 hsv-1 polypeptide bands and 8 hsv-2 polypeptide bands. concordantly, polyvalent sera against hsv-2 ... | 1981 | 6260673 |
| virus infection of endothelial cells. | endothelial injury is important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and vasculitis. the ability of several common human viruses to infect cultures of endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical veins or bovine thoracic aorta was demonstrated. indicators of infection included cytopathology, viral growth curves, and antigen detection by immunofluorescence. herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus type 7, measles virus, and parainfluenza vi ... | 1981 | 6260874 |
| molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. vii. characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant produced by in vitro mutagenesis and defective in dna synthesis and accumulation of gamma polypeptides. | we report on the properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant produced by transfection of cells with intact dna and a specific dna fragment mutagenized with low levels of hydroxylamine. the plating efficiency of the mutant at 39 degrees c relative to that at 33.5 degrees c was 5 x 10(-6). the pattern of polypeptides produced at the nonpermissive temperature was similar to that seen with wild-type virus in infected cells treated with inhibitory concentrations of phosphonoacetic acid in that alpha ... | 1981 | 6260973 |
| structures of two spliced herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mrna's which map at the junctions of the unique and reiterated regions of the virus dna s component. | we have examined the structures of two herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early (ie) rnas (ie mrna-4 and ie mrna-5) which map at the junctions of the unique (us) and reiterated regions (trs/irs) of the virus dna short component. hybrids between ie cytoplasmic rna and herpes simplex virus type 1 dna restriction fragments were digested with single-strand-specific nucleases s1 and exonuclease vii, and the products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. data obtained with the nuclease dige ... | 1981 | 6260993 |
| regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: transcription-initiation sites and domains of alpha genes. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) specifies in the infected cell a set of polypeptides (alpha) whose mrnas are made in the absence of protein synthesis. the individual mrnas specifying alpha polypeptides 0, 4, 22, and 27 were purified by hybridization to strand-separated or total hsv-1 dna fragments cloned in pbr322 plasmids, translated in vitro to verify their specificity, then mapped by hybridization to separated strands and digests of cloned dna fragments. to map the transcription initiation sit ... | 1980 | 6261240 |
| isolation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from gastric contents of a patient with acute pancreatitis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was isolated from the gastric contents of a young man with acute idiopathic pancreatitis. although the patient had a marked (eightfold) rise in serum complement fixing antibody titer to hsv-1, there was no evidence of primary infection. the source of the hsv-1 may have been reactivation in the oral or pharyngeal mucous membranes, with swallowing of the virus. hsv-1 is normally quite labile in acid media (less than five minutes at ph less than or equal to 3), b ... | 1981 | 6261405 |
| variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in hsv-1. | growth of human sensory ganglia in culture has led to the reactivation of herpes simplex virus from over 50% of cases studied. infected cell polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis has led to the conclusion that each individual has one unique latent strain of hsv-1 that can be present in more than one ganglion in the body. analysis of 91 isolates has shown that the long region of the genome is variable in terms of dna restriction sites, dna sequences, and in coding for the majority of variab ... | 1980 | 6261648 |
| [biochemical evidence for integration of prokaryotic dna into mammalian cells (author's transl)]. | experiments were undertaken to test for the stable integration of defined prokaryotic genes in mammalian cells. thus lambda dvgal 88 plasmid dna were transferred together with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene as a selectable marker to tk- mouse cells. dna restriction and hybridization analysis of tk+ mouse cell clone dna revealed (i) the presence of prokaryotic lambda dvgal 88 sequences in the mouse dna; (ii) the stable integration of the prokaryotic dna in mouse cell d ... | 1981 | 6262208 |
| interaction of herpesvirus with spleen cell subpopulations comparison of a neurotropic and a lymphotropic virus. | we studied the interaction of a neurotropic herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2), and a lymphotropic herpesvirus, guinea pig herpes-like virus (hlv), with guinea pig spleen cells. both hsv-1 and hsv-2 and hlv can attach to and penetrate into b- or t-enriched cells. less than 1.4% of the total b- or t-enriched cell populations were susceptible to infection by hlv and to some degree to hsv-1 or hsv-2 as determined by infectious center assays. after specific antiserum ... | 1980 | 6262239 |
| assay of type-specific and type-common antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human sera. | a reliable and reproducible method for determining specific reactivity to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in human sera has been developed. human sera were used to immunoprecipitate hsv-specific glycoprotein antigens from both hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cell extracts. the viral glycoproteins precipitated from these extracts were then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect specific reactivity of the sera with distinct type-specific anti ... | 1981 | 6262247 |
| herpes simplex virus latency: the cellular location of virus in dorsal root ganglia and the fate of the infected cell following virus activation. | latent infections have been established in cervical dorsal root ganglia of balb/c mice following peripheral inoculation of ts mutants of hsv-1. activation of the mutant ls2 at the non-permissive temperature in vitro by culture of excised ganglia, or in vivo by neurosurgery has allowed the unambiguous identification of the neuron as the site of latent infection. evidence is presented which shows that activation of virus infection in latently infected ganglia by neurosurgery results in a reduction ... | 1980 | 6262435 |
| detailed characterization of the mrna mapping in the hindiii fragment k region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. | we have isolated as recombinant dna clones, in the plasmid pbr322, regions of the herpesvirus type 1 genome spanning the region between 0.53 and 0.6 on the prototypical arrangement. this 11,000-base-pair region corresponds to 10% of the large unique region and encodes five major and several minor mrna species abundant at different times after infection, which range in length from 7 to 1 kilobase. in this report, we have used rna transfer blots and s1 nuclease digestion of hybrids between viral d ... | 1981 | 6262521 |
| replication of herpes simplex virus dna: localization of replication recognition signals within defective virus genomes. | serially passaged herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain justin was previously shown to contain defective virus genomes consisting of head-to-tail reiterations of sequences derived from the end of the s component of the standard virus dna. cotransfection of purified monomeric defective genome repeat units with foster helper virus dnas onto rabbit skin cells resulted in regeneration and replication of concatemeric defective dna molecules which were successfully encapsidated. thus, defective h ... | 1981 | 6262768 |
| early events in herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: photosensitivity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-treated virions. | herpes simplex virus type 1 is photosensitized by treatment with fluorescein isothiocyante (fitc). the inactivation of fitc-treated virions upon subsequent exposure to light is inhibited by the presence of sodium azide, suggesting the involvement of singlet oxygen in the process. sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that treatment with fitc plus light induces crosslinks in viral envelope glycoproteins. treatment of virions with high concentrations of fitc (50 microg ... | 1981 | 6262783 |
| dna sequences preceding the rabbit beta-globin gene are required for formation in mouse l cells of beta-globin rna with the correct 5' terminus. | mouse thymidine kinase-negative (tk-) l cells were transformed with concatenates of cloned herpes simplex virus 1 tk dna and different rabbit beta-globin dnas in which the globin genes were preceded by native flanking sequences of 14, 66, 76, 425, and 1500 nucleotides.l in all cases, selection for tk+ cell lines led to a high yield of lines producing 5-1500 mature rabbit beta-globin-specific rna strands per cell. the 5' termini of the transcripts mapped to (i) the "cap" nucleotide, (ii) position ... | 1981 | 6262796 |
| nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase (atp:thymidine 5' phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.21) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain cl101 from a plasmid clone of viral dna derived by enquist et al. [enquist, l. w., vande woude, g. f., wagner, m., smiley, j. r. & summers, w. c. (1979) gene 7, 335-342]. a cdna copy of the 5' end of thymidine kinase mrna was also analyzed to locate the transcribed sequences. the transcribed portion of the gene is approximately ... | 1981 | 6262799 |
| a dominant lethal temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1. | | 1981 | 6262999 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human cell growth activity of e-5-propenyl-2'-deoxyuridine and the concept of selective protection in antivirus chemotherapy. | e-5-propenyl-2'-deoxyuridine (e-5-propenyl-durd) inhibited the growth of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 in culture. the concentration of drug required to give a 2-log reduction in virus titer was 5 microm for hsv-1 and 23 microm for hsv-2. the anti-hsv-1 activity of this agent was more potent than 5-propyl-durd, equivalent to e-5(3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-durd, and less potent than e-5-bromovinyl-durd. the hsv-1 mutant (b2006) lacking the ability to induce virus-specific thymidi ... | 1980 | 6263181 |
| antibodies to epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex type 1, cytomegalovirus and measles virus in psychiatric patients. | distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and measles virus (mv) was studied in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of 41 patients with schizophrenia, 27 patients with primary affective disorders and 25 control patients with neurological diseases. no significant differences in distribution and mean geometric titers (gmt) of antibodies to hsv1 between the psychiatric and control groups were found. distribution and gmt of antibodies ... | 1981 | 6263228 |
| characterization of rat embryo cells transformed by ts mutants and sheared dna of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and a derived tumor cell line. | four independent isolated lines transformed by ts mutant or sheared dna of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and one tumor cell line were characterized according to their behavior in assays of aggregation, growth in low serum, doubling times, saturation density, agglutination by lectins, uptake of metabolites, and production of plasminogen activator. the criteria used to select the transformed cells used in this study were the formation of altered foci of cells followed by the formation of a co ... | 1981 | 6263467 |
| regulation of alpha genes of herpes simplex virus: expression of chimeric genes produced by fusion of thymidine kinase with alpha gene promoters. | we report a system for investigating promoters of eucaryotic cell and virus genes based on analyses of the regulation of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinases whose structural gene sequences have been fused to the promoter of the gene under study. in infected cells, the polypeptides specified by hsv-1 form at least three groups, alpha, beta and gamma, whose synthesis is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered at the transcriptional level. to identify the dna sequence responsib ... | 1981 | 6263501 |
| effect of spermine on the activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase: influence of the template. | | 1981 | 6263692 |
| specific phosphorylation of e-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | e-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdurd), a highly selective and potent anti-herpes agent, is phosphorylated by primary rabbit kidney (prk) cells that have been infected with either herpes simplex virus type 1 (kos) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (g). however, ivdurd is not phosphorylated by mock-infected prk cells or prk cells that have been infected with a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (b 2006). these observations strengthen the concept that the selectivity ... | 1981 | 6263899 |
| isolation of a protein kinase induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. | we have isolated a new cyclic amp-independent protein kinase activity induced in hela cells by infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. induction of the enzyme does not occur in cells treated with cycloheximide at the time of infection, or in cells infected with uv-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1. the amount of enzyme induced in infected cells is dependent upon the multiplicity of infection. an enzyme with identical properties to the appearing in infected hela cells is also induced by ... | 1981 | 6264111 |
| method for induction of mutations in physically defined regions of the herpes simplex virus genome. | a procedure was developed for inducing mutations in isolated restriction enzyme fragments of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna with nitrous acid. the mutations were then transferred to the viral genome by genetic recombination during cotransfection of rabbit kidney cells with the mutagenized fragments and intact hsv-1 dna. the hpai restriction enzyme fragments ld, b, lg, i, and j were mutagenized. temperature-sensitive mutants were found at frequencies of 1 to 5% among the progeny of the t ... | 1981 | 6264113 |
| cloning of herpes simplex virus type 1 sequences representing the whole genome. | sequences representative of the whole genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos were cloned in the plasmid vector pbr325 in the form of ecori-generated dna fragments. the cloned fragments were identified by digestion of the chimeric plasmid dna with restriction enzymes ecori or ecori and bglii followed by comparison of their electrophoretic mobilities in agarose gels with that of similarly digested hsv-1 virion dna. the cloned fragments showed the same migration patterns as the co ... | 1981 | 6264114 |
| mechanisms of expression of herpes simplex virus-common surface antigens in clonal cells of a herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed line. | rabbit antiserum hyperimmune to herpes simplex virus type 1 was used to study the expression of herpes simplex virus type-common surface antigens (csa) by indirect immunofluorescence tests in three representative cell clones isolated from a herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed hamster line, 155-4. these three clones showed different phenotypes with respect to csa expression: (i) a csa-positive type (clone (155-4-213), in which the antigens increased soon (5 h) after seeding at 37 degrees c, b ... | 1981 | 6264119 |
| characterization of a major late herpes simplex virus type 1 mrna. | a major, late 6-kilobase (6-kb) mrna mapping in the large unique region of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was characterized by using two recombinant dna clones, one containing ecori fragment g (0.190 to 0.30 map units) in lambda. wes.b (l. enquist, m. madden, p. schiop-stansly, and g. vandl woude, science 203:541-544, 1979) and one containing hindiii fragment j (0.181 to 0.259 map units) in pbr322. this 6-kb mrna had its 3' end to the left of 0.231 on the prototypical arrangement of the hsv ... | 1981 | 6264123 |
| molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. vi. characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the expression of all early viral gene products. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hfem) mutant tsb7 failed to express any detectable viral polypeptides and did not significantly inhibit host cell protein synthesis in infected cells maintained at the nonpermissive temperature. the mutant could complement the growth of a coinfecting temperature-sensitive mutant virus differing in plaque phenotype and thus appeared capable of penetrating doubly infected cells. the yield of tsb7 was enhanced by the coinfecting virus but not to the extent that the coinf ... | 1981 | 6264126 |
| unusual lectin-binding properties of a herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein. | lysates from herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells were subjected to affinity chromatography on soybean and helix pomatia lectins. one of the virus-specified glycoproteins, probably the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific gc glycoprotein, bound to the lectins and was eluted with n-acetylgalactosamine. the affinity chromatography permitted a high degree of purification of the type-specific glycoprotein with respect to both host cell components and other viral glycoproteins. the lectin affin ... | 1981 | 6264128 |
| identification and mapping of two polypeptides encoded within the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene sequences. | mrna's homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna restriction endonuclease fragment bamhi p, which contains the thymidine kinase gene, have been identified and mapped by hybrid-arrested translation and mrna selection. such mrna's, when translated in vitro, directed the synthesis of polypeptides of apparent molecular weights 43,000 (vi43) and 39,000 (vi39). mrna for enzymatically active thymidine kinase was enriched by more than 20-fold after selection. mapping was carried out with restric ... | 1981 | 6264130 |
| phosphorylation of acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] in epstein-barr virus-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. | the extent of phosphorylation of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir [acv]) in fresh peripheral leukocytes, in epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines, and in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected lymphoblastoid (p3hr-1) and monkey kidney (vero) cells was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated derivatives of [8-14c]acv were detected at low levels at various times after superinfection of raji cells with ebv. the extent of ph ... | 1981 | 6264131 |
| gene expression of herpes simplex virus. iii. effect of arabinosyladenine on viral polypeptide synthesis. | arabinosyladenine, an established antiherpetic drug, was used to block herpes simplex virus type 1 dna synthesis quantitatively in infected xeroderma pigmentosum cells. kinetic analyses of viral polypeptides synthesized in the presence and absence of this drug revealed that there were at least six distinct kinetic classes of polypeptides. these differed in time of appearance after infection, time of maximum rate of synthesis, kinetics of turnoff, and sensitivity to arabinosyladenine. this study ... | 1981 | 6264138 |
| mechanism of degradation of duplex dna by the dnase induced by herpes simplex virus. | reaction intermediates formed during the degradation of linear pm2, t5, and lambda dna by herpes simplex virus (hsv) dnase have been examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. digestion of t5 dna by hsv type 2 (hsv-2) dnase in the presence of mn(2+) (endonuclease only) gave rise to 6 major and 12 minor fragments. some of the fragments produced correspond to those observed after cleavage of t5 dna by the single-strand-specific s1 nuclease, indicating that the hsv dnase rapidly cleaves opposite a ni ... | 1981 | 6264148 |
| risk of recurrence after first episodes of genital herpes. relation to hsv type and antibody response. | to define risk factors associated with recurrent genital herpes-simplex-virus infection caused by either type 1 or 2 herpesvirus (hsv-1 or hsv-2), we prospectively studied 137 patients with a first symptomatic episode of the disease and 87 with a recurrent episode. first episodes were divided into 78 primary infections (no antibodies to hsv in acute-phase serum) and 59 nonprimary infections (antibodies present). hsv-1 infections were less frequent and less likely to recur than hsv-2 infections. ... | 1981 | 6264300 |
| herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase activity of thymidine kinase-deficient escherichia coli k-12 mutant transformed by hybrid plasmids. | a hybrid plasmid (pago) that contains the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene in the form of a 2-kilobase-pair (kbp) pvu ii fragment inserted at the pvu ii site of plasmid pbr322 was used to transform tk- escherichia coli k-12 strain ky895. pago-transformed ky895 cells exhibited partially restored ability to incorporate [3h]dthd into dna and an hsv-1-specific tk activity. bacteria cured of plasmid pago (or transformed by plasmid pbr322) did not show enhanced incorporat ... | 1981 | 6264449 |
| herpes simplex virus (type 1) thymidine kinase gene does not transform cells morphologically. | balb/c-derived 10e2 cells were made thymidine kinase(tk)-negative and one isolated clone (b2) was used for studying morphological and biochemical transformations by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (strain 10412). the b2 cells displayed a "normal" flat appearance and were nontumorigenic in nude mice when tested at frequent intervals over a period of 45 subcultures. b2 cells infected with uv-irradiated hsv (uv-hsv) and maintained in normal growth medium showed foci of spindle-shaped cells after ... | 1981 | 6264486 |
| efficacy of a virion envelope herpes simplex virus vaccine against experimental skin infections in hairless mice. | hairless mice were immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) envelope antigen (eag), eag in association with polyriboinosinic . polyribocytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine complexed with carboxymethylcellulose (piclc), and inactivated purified hsv-1 (vag). after 2 weeks the mice were challenged by a percutaneous hsv-1 infection in the orofacial (of) or lumbosacral (ls) skin area. following immunization a consistent cell-mediated immune response was observed in all immunized mice, although the ... | 1981 | 6264897 |
| influence of cells and virus multiplicity on the inhibition of herpesviruses with acycloguanosine. | the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) plaque formation by acycloguanosine (acg) was assayed in human fetal lung fibroblasts (hl), cell lines from human cervical carcinoma, rabbit cornea, and human rhabdomyosarcoma, and three green monkey kidney cell lines. the acg concentration giving 50% plaque reduction (pr50) of hsv-1 was lowest in hl. in two green monkey kidney cell lines, hsv-1 plaque formation was relatively insensitive to acg, with pr50 of 25 and 60 mum, respectively. in t ... | 1980 | 6265398 |
| electrophysiological changes of hsv-1-infected dorsal root ganglia neurons in culture. | dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion cultures were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and studied electrophysiologically throughout the course of infection. alterations in the electrical parameters of the action potentials of these neurons occurred as early as 4 hours post infection. the maximum rate of rise, spike amplitude, and overshoot were decreased, and the full width at half maximum and resting membrane potential were increased. at 6 hours post infection there is a movement back to ... | 1981 | 6265604 |
| pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides, 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]pyrimidines as candidate antivirals. | a number of pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides were synthesized and tested for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. synthesis of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]cytosine (8) and 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]uracil (14) was accomplished in two or three steps from 2,4-diethoxypyrimidine and 2-(benzoyloxy)ethoxymethyl chloride. the 5-methyl (20), 5-(trifluoromethyl) (21), and 5-fluoro (22) analogues of 14 were available in two steps form the appropriate bis(trimethylsilyl)ated 5-substituted uracil an ... | 1981 | 6265637 |
| synthesis and antiviral properties of (z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | (z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil was obtained by photoisomerization of the e. isomer. similarly, (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine gave the required z isomer. (z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine is much less active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and somewhat less active against herpes simplex virus type 2 than is the e isomer. both isomers show similar activity against vaccinia virus. therefore, the highly potent and selective activity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine against h ... | 1981 | 6265638 |
| differences in the morphology of herpes simplex virus infected cells. ii. type specific membrane alterations of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infected cells. | the two types of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1, hsv-2) induced significantly different alterations in the morphology and permeability of infected cells. hep-2 cells infected with hsv-1 (strain thea) were characterized by the formation of polynuclear syncytia. in contrast, after infection with hsv-2 (strain d316, dd), the cells were rounded up. the hsv-1 strains kos and ls5039 and the hsv-2 strain 196 induced both types of cytopathic effect. as shown by comparative scanning and transmission electro ... | 1981 | 6265748 |
| on the mechanism of selective inhibition of herpesvirus replication by (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | bromovinyldeoxyuridine (bvdurd) is a potent antiherpesvirus compound with low cytotoxicity. to gain an insight into its selectivity and mechanism of inhibition, we chemically synthesized the 5'-triphosphate of bvdurd, bvdutp, and tested its effect on the activities of dna polymerases [dna nucleotidyltransferase (dna directed), ec 2.7.7.7] of two herpesviruses--i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and epstein-barr virus (ebv)--as well as cellular dna polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma. the e ... | 1981 | 6265902 |
| concurrent oral and genital infection with an identical strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. restriction endonuclease analysis. | the virus isolated from concurrent genital and oropharyngeal lesions of a male patient was identified as herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by rate neutralization and biological marker tests. analysis by digestion with restriction endonuclease revealed that isolates from the penis and anterior pillars had identical patterns, similar to those of prototype hsv-1. data indicate that a person can be infected with the same strain of hsv-1 in two different sites at the same time. | 1981 | 6266057 |
| rapid assay of herpes simplex virus sensitivity to drugs. | a 16 h immunofluorescence microplaque reduction assay for herpes simplex virus (hsv) was compared with a plaque reduction assay to assess its feasibility as a rapid technique for determining viral sensitivity to drugs. a drug-sensitive hsv strain (hsv-1 patton) and a drug resistant strain (hsv-1-p-acg-r), both grown in cell cultures, were compared against serial dilutions of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) and acycloguanosine (acg). similar studies were done with virus obtained directly from experim ... | 1981 | 6266194 |
| experimental studies on genital herpetic infection in mice. | female icr mice were infected with hsv-1 and hsv-2 by inserting a cotton pellet soaked in viral solution (10(7-8) pfu/m1) into the vagina. the appearance of giant cells and formation of intranuclear inclusions were detected in the epithelial layer of the uterus 24 h after intravaginal inoculation. these histopathological changes were pronounced 3 to 4 days after virus inoculation and then gradually disappeared in the next few days. results of fluorescent antibody studies on the appearance of vir ... | 1980 | 6266394 |
| a detergent-soluble extract of virus-infected cells free from infectious virus protects mice from lethal herpes simplex virus infection. | lethal infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 was effectively prevented by previous immunization with a detergent-soluble extract (dse) of virus-infected cells free from infectious virus without any adjuvant. this protective immunity seemed to last for at least one month. neutralizing antibodies were elicited in mice immunized with dse, but at a lower level than in animals immunized with live or killed virus. dse did not protect athymic nude mice from death by hsv-1 infection, ... | 1980 | 6266395 |
| characteristics of chromatin preparations from herpes simplex virus infected cells. | chromatin isolated from herpes simplex virus type 1-infected baby hamster kidney cells contains a number of tightly associated virus-induced polypeptides. a subset of these proteins bind to immobilized dna in vitro (vmw 175, 155, 130, 63, 43, 38/39). virus-induced polypeptides extractable with acid from infected cell chromatin include vmw 155, the major capsid protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 virions, and vmw 63 and 38/39 which are heterogeneous with respect to charge and are phosphorylate ... | 1981 | 6266485 |