| antifungal susceptibility and phenotypic virulence markers of candida species isolated from nepal. | candida species are part of the commensal microflora in many anatomical sites of the human body; however, breach in the integrity of the body part and impaired immunity of the host can lead to invasive candidiasis. a number of virulence determinants could contribute towards its pathogenicity. thus we attempted to evaluate the in vitro expression of different virulence factors among clinical isolates of candida species and assayed their susceptibility patterns against a range of antifungal agents ... | 2017 | 29096684 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 2h-indazole derivatives: towards antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory dual agents. | indazole is considered a very important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. it is commonly found in compounds with diverse biological activities, e.g., antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. considering that infectious diseases are associated to an inflammatory response, we designed a set of 2h-indazole derivatives by hybridization of cyclic systems commonly found in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds. the derivatives were synthesized and tested against selected intestinal and vagin ... | 2017 | 29088121 |
| comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses unveil novel features of azole resistance and adaptation to the human host in candida glabrata. | the frequent emergence of azole resistance among candida glabrata strains contributes to increase the incidence of infections caused by this species. whole-genome sequencing of a fluconazole and voriconazole-resistant clinical isolate (fful887) and subsequent comparison with the genome of the susceptible strain cbs138 revealed prominent differences in several genes documented to promote azole resistance in c. glabrata. among these was the transcriptional regulator cgpdr1. the cgpdr1 fful887 alle ... | 2018 | 29087506 |
| mixed yeast infections in taiwan. | clinically significant yeast isolates were collected via taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of yeasts (tsary) in 2014, and mixed infections were investigated. among 44 out of 1092 specimens containing multiple species, 17, 11, 5, 3, and 8 were from urine, sputum, blood, ascites, and 6 others, respectively. there predominant combinations of mixed infection were 14 candida albicans/candida glabrata, 13 c. albicans/candida tropicalis, and 9 c. glabrata/c. tropicalis. furthermore, we al ... | 2017 | 29087478 |
| two-spotted cricket as an animal infection model of human pathogenic fungi. | invertebrate infection models that can be evaluated at human body temperature are limited. in this study, we utilized the two-spotted cricket, a heat-tolerant insect, as an animal infection model of human pathogenic fungi. injection of human pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans, candida glabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans killed crickets within 48 h at both 27˚c and 37˚c. the median lethal dose values (ld50 values) of c. albicans and c. glabrata against crickets were decreased at 37˚c ... | 2017 | 29081438 |
| endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal drainage of a spontaneous candida glabrata pituitary abscess. | noniatrogenic pituitary abscess remains a rare clinical entity, and is the indication for surgery in <1% of transsphenoidal approaches. correct diagnosis of this rare entity is often delayed. without timely treatment, morbidity and mortality are high. of the 200 cases reported to date, less than one-half have identified a causative organism. we report the second case of a pituitary abscess caused by candida species, and also provide an intraoperative video showing the endoscopic management of th ... | 2018 | 29079259 |
| polymorphism in the regulatory regions of genes cgyps1 and cgyps7 encoding yapsins in candida glabrata is associated with changes in expression levels. | candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungus infecting mainly immunocompromised people. its adherence capacity and exoenzymes contribute to damaging host cells. in particular, the yapsins are a family of aspartyl proteases involved in maturation of proteins and cell wall function, and yapsins 1 and 7, respectively encoded by genes cgyps1 and cgyps7, are potential virulence factors. in this study, the polymorphism of regulatory regions and the expression profiles of both genes were compared in c. ... | 2017 | 29069395 |
| [clinical characteristics of neonatal fungal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit]. | to study the characteristics of neonatal fungal sepsis and the difference between bacterial sepsis and fungal sepsis. to improve the understanding of neonatal fungal sepsis. | 2017 | 29045957 |
| vt-1161 protects mice against oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant candida albicans. | candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, causes chronic mucosal infections in patients with inborn errors of il-17 immunity that rely heavily on chronic, often lifelong, azole antifungal agents for treatment. however, a rise in azole resistance has predicated a need for developing new antifungal drugs. | 2018 | 29040636 |
| mechanisms involved in the triggering of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) by candida glabrata during planktonic and biofilm growth. | candida spp. adhere to medical devices, such as catheters, forming drug-tolerant biofilms that resist killing by the immune system. little is known about how c. glabrata, an emerging pathogen, resists attack by phagocytes. here we show that upon encounter with planktonic (non-biofilm) c. glabrata, human neutrophils initially phagocytose the yeast and subsequently release neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), complexes of dna, histones, and proteins capable of inhibiting fungal growth and dissem ... | 2017 | 29026191 |
| epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates of non-albicans candida species from cancer patients. | candidemia is a growing concern worldwide, and its species distribution has shifted toward non-albicans candida in recent decades, especially in patients with malignancy. this study aimed to update the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of non-albicans candidemia isolates from the cancer patients. adult cancer patients with non-albicans candidemia were recruited, and clinical data were retrospectively collected from five medical centers in taiwan from 1 july 2011 to 30 june 2014. in vitr ... | 2017 | 29018251 |
| boric acid and commercial organoboron products as inhibitors of drug-resistant candida albicans. | clinical use of boric acid as a topical antifungal in women who have failed standard antifungal therapy with azole drugs has been used sporadically for decades. our previous in vitro work showing inhibition of candida albicans growth was conducted on clinical isolates without antifungal drug susceptibility profiling. here, we report that boric acid restricts growth of drug-resistant candida albicans and inhibits hyphal growth and diminishes cell volume. the availability of over-the-counter organ ... | 2017 | 28993976 |
| in vitro activity of micafungin against biofilms of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida parapsilosis at different stages of maturation. | candida spp. is able to form a biofilm, which is considered resistant to the majority of antifungals used in medicine. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of micafungin against candida spp. biofilms at different stages of their maturation (2, 6, and 24 h). we assessed the inhibitory effect of micafungin against 78 clinical isolates of candida spp., growing as planktonic or sessile cells, by widely recommended broth microdilution method. the in vitro effect on sessile cell ... | 2018 | 28983822 |
| enhanced pyruvate production in candida glabrata by overexpressing the cgamd1 gene to improve acid tolerance. | to enhance acid tolerance of candida glabrata for pyruvate production by engineering amp metabolism. | 2018 | 28983762 |
| genome hunting of carbonyl reductases from candida glabrata for efficient preparation of chiral secondary alcohols. | in this work, genome hunting strategy was adopted in screening for reductases from candida glabrata. a total of 37 putative reductases were successfully expressed in e. coli bl21(de3). a substrate library containing 32 substrates was established for characterization of each reductase by average specific activity and shannon-wiener index. among them, cg26 was identified with the highest efficiency and wider substrate spectrum in the reduction of prochiral ketones, with average activity and shanno ... | 2018 | 28978494 |
| adjuvant stromal amphotericin b injection for late-onset dmek infection. | to report the successful medical management of a late-onset descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (dmek)-related interface infection. | 2017 | 28976414 |
| association between fungal contamination and eye bank-prepared endothelial keratoplasty tissue: temperature-dependent risk factors and antifungal supplementation of optisol-gentamicin and streptomycin. | fungal contamination and infection from donor tissues processed for endothelial keratoplasty is a growing concern, prompting analysis of donor tissues after processing. | 2017 | 28973097 |
| the gastrointestinal tract is a major source of echinocandin drug resistance in a murine model of candida glabrata colonization and systemic dissemination. | candidaspecies are a part of the human microbiome and can cause systemic infection upon immune suppression.candida glabratainfections are increasing and have greater rates of antifungal resistance than other species. here, we present ac. glabratagastrointestinal (gi) colonization model to explore whether colonized yeast exposed to caspofungin, an echinocandin antifungal, develop characteristic resistance mutations and, upon immunosuppression, breakthrough causing systemic infection. daily therap ... | 2017 | 28971865 |
| isolation and speciation ofcandidain type ii diabetic patients using chrom agar: a microbial study. | newer candida species are now becoming increasingly predominant commensal in the oral cavity. | 2017 | 28969120 |
| pseudohyphae formation incandida glabratadue to co2exposure. | formation of pseudohyphae is considered a virulence factor incandidaspecies. generally,candida glabratagrows as budding yeast cells; however, reports illustrated thatc. glabratacould form pseudohyphal cells in response to some stimuli. in this study, we provided insight into the ability ofc. glabratain forming pseudohyphal cells under different levels of carbon dioxide (co2). | 2016 | 28959796 |
| [analysis of characteristics of bacteria in respiratory tract infection in 2013-2016 in heibei 3a hospital: a single-center report of 7 497 patients]. | to analyze the changes and characteristics of respiratory tract bacteria in hebei 3a hospital, and to provide new rationale for clinical diagnosis and treatment. | 2017 | 28936955 |
| vetiver essential oil in cosmetics: what is new? | background:vetiver is a key ingredient for the perfume industry nowadays. however, with the constant and rapid changes of personal tastes, this appeal could vanish and this sector could decline quite quickly. new dissemination paths need to be found to tap this valuable resource.methods:in this way, its potential use in cosmetics either as an active ingredient per se (with cosmeceutical significance or presenting antimicrobial activity) has hence been explored in vitro.results:in this contributi ... | 2017 | 28930256 |
| high glucose-mediated overexpression of icam-1 in human vaginal epithelial cells increases adhesion of candida albicans. | to investigate the involvement of icam-1 in the adhesion of candida to the genitourinary epithelial cells in high glucose, we examined the adhesion of candida albicans or candida glabrata to human vaginal epithelial cells (vk2/e6e7) or human vulvovaginal epidermal cells (a431). these cells were cultured in 100, 500 or 3000 mg/dl glucose for three days and inoculated with candida for 60 minutes. followed by, adhering of candida to the cells, which were counted. while the adhesion of candida albic ... | 2018 | 28920516 |
| multidrug-resistant candida: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. | invasive candida infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in hospitalized and immunocompromised or critically ill patients. a limited number of antifungal agents from only a few drug classes are available to treat patients with these serious infections. resistance can be either intrinsic or acquired. resistance mechanisms are not exchanged between candida; thus, acquired resistance either emerges in response to an antifungal selection pressure in the individual ... | 2017 | 28911043 |
| isolation ofcandidaspecies from gastroesophageal lesions among pediatrics in isfahan, iran: identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical isolates by e-test. | candidaspecies can become opportunistic pathogens causing local or systemic invasive infections. gastroesophageal candidiasis may depend on thecandidacolonization and local damage of the mucosal barrier. risk factors are gastric acid suppression, diabetes mellitus, chronic debilitating states such as carcinomas, and the use of systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids. the aim of this study is collection and molecular identification ofcandidaspecies from gastroesophageal lesions among pediatrics ... | 2017 | 28904931 |
| quantification of cdr1 gene expression in fluconazole resistant candida glabrata strains using real-time pcr. | the opportunistic fungi, particularlycandida glabratahas been known as main etiologic agents of life-threating infections in some patients. although fluconazole is the most effective antifungal agent against candidiasis,c. glabrata, fluconazole-resistant strains have been increased recently overexpression or mutations of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter family membrane proteins such as; cg cdr1, cg cdr2 are responsible for fluconazole resistance in a large proportion of candidiasis cases. ... | 2017 | 28894714 |
| oral candidal carriage in subjects with pure vegetarian and mixed dietary habits. | candida albicansbeing a part of the normal oral microbial flora is one of the most commonly isolated species from the oral cavity. recent studies have shown a steady rise in the number of nonc. albicansspecies, which are relatively resistant to common antifungal agents and are being recognized as potential pathogens. it is vital to ascertain the predisposing factors leading to such a shift in the oral candidal flora. | 2017 | 28893036 |
| antifungal and antioxidant activity of fatty acid methyl esters from vegetable oils. | fatty acid methyl esters (fames) were obtained from vegetable oils of soybean, corn and sunflower. the current study was focused on evaluating the antifungal activity of fames mainly against paracoccidioides spp., as well as testing the interaction of these compounds with commercial antifungal drugs and also their antioxidant potential. fames presented small ic50 values (1.86-9.42 μg/ml). all three fames tested showed antifungal activity against isolates of paracoccidioides spp. with mic values ... | 2018 | 28876392 |
| microbial epidemiology of candidaemia in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units at the children's medical center, tehran. | invasive candidiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. however, limited data are available on the epidemiology of this infection in paediatric settings in iran. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, microbial epidemiology, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with candidaemia in intensive care units at the children's medical center, tehran, iran. all blood and other normally sterile specimen cultures positive for candida species were included. iso ... | 2018 | 28872714 |
| antifungal effect of cow's urine distillate on candida species. | increase in resistance of candida species, to routinely used antifungal agents has necessitated the quest for new drugs. few studies have revealed that cow's urine can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi. however there is no published report on antifungal effects of cow's urine on clinical candida isolates. | 2018 | 28869083 |
| insights into the molecular basis for substrate binding and specificity of the fungal cystine transporter cgcyn1. | cystine transporters are a clinically important class of transporters found in bacteria, pathogenic fungi and mammalian cells. despite their significance, very little is known about the mechanism of substrate recognition and transport. we have carried out studies on the plasma membrane candida glabrata cystine transporter, cgcyn1 a member of the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (apc) transporter superfamily. a homology model of cgcyn1 was generated by using crystal structures of three known bac ... | 2017 | 28865795 |
| antifungal activity of scy-078 and standard antifungal agents against 178 clinical isolates of resistant and susceptible candida species. | scy-078in vitroactivity was determined for 178 isolates of resistant or susceptiblecandida albicans,candida dubliniensis,candida glabrata,candida krusei,candida lusitaniae, andcandida parapsilosis, including 44candidaisolates with known genotypic (fks1orfks2mutations), phenotypic, or clinical resistance to echinocandins. results were compared to those for anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole. scy-078 was shown to have excellent activity against both wild-type iso ... | 2017 | 28827419 |
| candida glabrata, friend and foe. | candida glabratais mostly good, but, at times, it is an opportunistic pathogen. previously known astorulopsis glabrata, it enjoyed a good reputation and was even present in starter cultures. its haploid genome and lack of mating made it an attractive challenge for yeast genetics studies. however, more recently it has become better known due to its character as an emerging cause of candidiasis, and for its resistance to multidrugs that are employed for candidiasis treatment. while now classified ... | 2015 | 29376912 |
| antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole). | the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 μg/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 μg/ml). the endemic fungal pathogens histopl ... | 1999 | 29265604 |