| immune response to haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure. | adult chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease due to the lack of functionally active anti-hib antibodies. the pediatric hib polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine is highly immunogenic in these patients and can provide protection against invasive hib infection for at least 1 year. | 2012 | 22539472 |
| epidemiology and evolution of antibiotic resistance of haemophilus influenzae in children 5 years of age or less in france, 2001-2008: a retrospective database analysis. | trends in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms of resistance of haemophilus influenzae to β-lactam antibiotics in france were assessed through a retrospective database review. the antimicrobial resistance of 2,206 h. influenzae strains from children aged ≤5 years was studied between 2001 and 2008. strains were isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (n = 170), bronchial secretions (n = 188), middle ear fluid, and nasopharynx or conjunctiva (n = 1,848). a proportion of 95.1 ... | 2012 | 22538797 |
| in vitro activity of cefditoren and other comparators against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in china. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cefditoren and comparators against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections (cartis). a total of 391 streptococcus pneumoniae, 266 h. influenzae, and 76 m. catarrhalis were isolated from 10 centers located at 6 cities in china from january 2009 to may 2010. the microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ... | 2012 | 22521692 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype e and f disease, england and wales. | haemophilus influenzae infection causes serious invasive disease, but incidence of the most virulent serotype, hib, has dropped since introduction of routine hib vaccination. in england and wales, the incidence of 2 other serotypes, hie and hif, is increasing; during 2001-2010, there was an 11.0% year-on-year increase in hif and a 7.4% increase in hie. in 2009-2010, hif incidence was 0.090/100,000 persons and hie incidence 0.030/100,000, with higher rates among infants and older adults. hie had ... | 2012 | 22515912 |
| combined dtp-hbv-hib vaccine versus separately administered dtp-hbv and hib vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis b and haemophilus influenzae b (hib). | advantages to combining childhood vaccines include reducing the number of visits, injections and patient discomfort, increasing compliance and optimising prevention. the world health organization (who) recommends that routine infant immunisation programmes include a vaccination against haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) type b (hib) in the combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp)-hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination. the effectiveness and safety of the combined vaccine should be carefully ... | 2012 | 22513932 |
| structure of mura (udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase) from vibrio fischeri in complex with substrate udp-n-acetylglucosamine and the drug fosfomycin. | the development of new antibiotics is necessitated by the rapid development of resistance to current therapies. udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura), which catalyzes the first committed step of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, is a prime candidate for therapeutic intervention. mura is the target of the antibiotic fosfomycin, a natural product produced by streptomyces. despite possessing a high degree of sequence conservation with mura enzymes from fosfomycin-susceptible or ... | 2012 | 22505403 |
| functional characterization of uvrd helicases from haemophilus influenzae and helicobacter pylori. | haemophilus influenzae and helicobacter pylori are major bacterial pathogens that face high levels of genotoxic stress within their host. uvrd, a ubiquitous bacterial helicase that plays important roles in multiple dna metabolic pathways, is essential for genome stability and might, therefore, be crucial in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. in this study, the functional characterization of uvrd helicase from haemophilus influenzae and helicobacter pylori is reported. uvrd from haemophilus i ... | 2012 | 22500516 |
| predictors of administration and attitudes about pneumococcal, haemophilus influenzae type b and rotavirus vaccines among pediatricians in india: a national survey. | according to the world health organization in 2008, pneumonia accounted for 20% of deaths and diarrheal diseases accounted for 13% of deaths among children under 5 in india. vaccines are available for streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv)), haemophilus influenzae type b (hib vaccine), and rotavirus. barriers to including these vaccines in routine immunization schedule in india include potential negative impacts on fragile existing immunization programs and cost. pediatri ... | 2012 | 22475859 |
| lessons learned from the 2007 to 2009 haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine shortage: implications for future vaccine shortages and public health preparedness. | to understand immunization programs' experience managing the 2007 to 2009 haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine shortage and identify ways in which the us immunization system can be improved to assist in responses to future shortages of routine vaccines and large-scale public health emergencies. | 2015 | 22473128 |
| intervertebral discitis caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in an adult: case report. | haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and can cause upper respiratory tract infections in adults, but has yet to be reported solely involving intervertebral discitis. | 2012 | 22466113 |
| bactericidal antibody response against p6, protein d, and omp26 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae after acute otitis media in otitis-prone children. | the bactericidal antibody response to three nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) outer membrane proteins (d, p6, and omp26) was studied in 24 otitis-prone children (aged 7-28 months) after an acute otitis media (aom) caused by nthi. the study was carried out to understand the contribution of antigen-specific bactericidal antibody responses in the class of children who are most vulnerable to recurrent otitis media infections. levels of protein d (p = 0.005) and p6 (p = 0.026) but not omp26 a ... | 2012 | 22463053 |
| haemophilus influenzae sepsis and placental abruption in an unvaccinated immigrant. | haemophilus influenzae infections have declined dramatically in the united states since implementation of the conjugate vaccine. however, in countries where widespread immunization is not routine, h influenzae remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. we report a case of a previously unvaccinated immigrant with confirmed h influenzae sepsis and placental abruption leading to spontaneous abortion. | 2012 | 22461948 |
| resistance surveillance studies: a multifaceted problem--the fluoroquinolone example. | this review summarizes data on the fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology published in the previous 5 years. | 2012 | 22460782 |
| effect of bronchial colonisation on airway and systemic inflammation in stable copd. | the recovery of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (ppms) from bronchial secretions is associated with a local inflammatory response in copd patients. the objective of this study was to determine the relationships between bronchial colonisation and both bronchial and systemic inflammation in stable copd. in copd patients recruited on first admission for an exacerbation, bacterial sputum cultures, interleukin (il)-1β, il-6 and il-8 levels, and blood c-reactive protein (crp) were measured in st ... | 2012 | 22458940 |
| prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients of a teaching hospital in thailand. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (blnar) haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients of a teaching hospital in thailand. eighty-eight isolates of h. influenzae were collected between september 2005 and march 2008. all isolates were identified and characterized for biotypes and capsular types. the β-lactamase production of these isolates was examined, and their susceptibility to the following 12 antimicrobial agents was determi ... | 2012 | 22446118 |
| [antimicrobial treatment of patients with severe acute exacerbation of copd]. | chronic obstructive lung disease (copd) is a leading cause of death worldwide. in patients with acute exacerbations admitted to an intensive care unit (icu), potentially pathogenic microorganisms can be found in approximately 50%, with haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae as the leading strains, followed by enterobacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa. viruses can also be detected in a large proportion of patients. the indication for antimicrobial treatment of acutely exacerbated cop ... | 2012 | 22434337 |
| discovery of a compound which acts as a bacterial ump kinase pyrh inhibitor. | pyrh is a member of the ump kinase family that catalyses the conversion of ump to udp, an essential step in the pyrimidine metabolic pathway in a variety of bacteria including those causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rtis). in this study, we have developed a luminescence-based kinase assay of pyrh and evaluated the inhibitory activity of pyrh-1 (sodium {3-[4-tert-butyl-3-(9h-xanthen-9-ylacetylamino)phenyl]-1-cyclohexylmethylpropoxycarbonyloxy}acetate). pyrh-1 inhibits pyrh ... | 2012 | 22428584 |
| the pneumonia etiology research for child health project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study. | the pneumonia etiology research for child health (perch) project is a 7-country, standardized, comprehensive evaluation of the etiologic agents causing severe pneumonia in children from developing countries. during previous etiology studies, between one-quarter and one-third of patients failed to yield an obvious etiology; perch will employ and evaluate previously unavailable innovative, more sensitive diagnostic techniques. innovative and rigorous epidemiologic and analytic methods will be used ... | 2012 | 22403238 |
| childhood pneumonia as a global health priority and the strategic interest of the bill & melinda gates foundation. | pneumonia kills more children than any other disease--more than hiv/aids, malaria, and measles combined. introduction of vaccines against pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae type b (the most important causes of severe pneumonia in young children), increasing resistance to antibiotics, and changes in hiv prevalence will likely change patterns of pneumonia etiology in developing countries. studies such as pneumonia etiology research for child health (perch) that take advantage of new diagnosti ... | 2012 | 22403237 |
| regulation of the vapbc-1 toxin-antitoxin locus in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are human-adapted commensal bacteria that can cause a number of chronic mucosal infections, including otitis media and bronchitis. one way for these organisms to survive antibiotic therapy and cause recurrent disease is to stop replicating, as most antimicrobials target essential biosynthetic pathways. toxin-antitoxin (ta) gene pairs have been shown to facilitate entry into a reversible bacteriostatic state. characteristically, these operons encode a pro ... | 2012 | 22427824 |
| anti-inflammatory igg production requires functional p1 promoter in β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (st6gal-1) gene. | the anti-inflammatory properties associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy require the sialic acid modification of the n-glycan of the fc domain of igg. sialylation of the fc fragment is mediated by β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (st6gal-1), acting on the gal(β4)glcnac terminal structure of the biantennary n-glycans on the fc domain. however, little is known regarding the in vivo regulation of fc sialylation and its role in the progression of inflammatory processes. here, we rep ... | 2012 | 22427662 |
| evaluation of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine for routine immunization in nepali infants. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) carriage and disease studies in nepali children suggest a significant burden of infection. hib conjugate vaccines (hibcv) do not have uniform immunogenicity between populations. we determined the immunogenicity of hibcv in nepali infants, before its introduction into the routine immunization schedule. | 2012 | 22418662 |
| trend, features and outcome of meningitis in the communicable diseases hospital, alexandria, egypt, 1997-2006. | following vaccine introduction, long-term epidemiological changes have been occurred in meningitis. studying these changes is of practical importance for both public health planning and clinical management. | 2012 | 22415331 |
| [mechanisms of beta-lactam and quinolone resistance in haemophilus influenzae]. | haemophilus influenzae is one of the important pathogens causing respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and meningitis. genotypic(g) beta-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin resistance (gblnar) h. influenzae has rapidly increased since 2000 years in japan. the resistant percentage exceeded 60% in hib isolates from meningitis in 2009. the affinity of beta-lactam antibiotics for penicillin-binding proteins-3 (pbp3) that involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis deceased in the resistant strains. ... | 2012 | 22413526 |
| global immunization vision and strategy (givs): a mid-term analysis of progress in 50 countries. | within the overall framework set out in the global immunization vision and strategy (givs) for the period 2006-2015, over 70 countries had developed comprehensive multi-year plans (cmyps) by 2008, outlining their plans for implementing the givs strategies and for attaining the givs goals at the midpoint in 2010 or earlier. these goals are to: (1) reach ≥90% and ≥80% vaccination coverage at national and district level, respectively; and (2) reduce measles-related mortality by 90% compared with th ... | 2013 | 22411879 |
| cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine introduction in the universal immunization schedule in haryana state, india. | in india, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine introduction in the universal immunization programme requires evidence of its potential health impact and cost-effectiveness, as it is a costly vaccine. since childhood mortality, vaccination coverage and health service utilization vary across states, the cost-effectiveness of introducing hib vaccine was studied in haryana state. | 2013 | 22407018 |
| a review of the burden of disease due to otitis media in the asia-pacific. | the burden of disease due to otitis media (om) in asia pacific countries was reviewed to increase awareness and raise understanding within the region. | 2012 | 22404948 |
| acquired cilia dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis. | cilia are complex and powerful cellular structures of the respiratory mucosa that play a critical role in airway defense. respiratory epithelium is lined with cilia that perform an integrated and coordinated mechanism called mucociliary clearance. mucociliary clearance is the process by which cilia transport the mucus blanket overlying respiratory mucosa to the gastrointestinal tract for ingestion. it is the primary means by which the airway clears pathogens, allergens, debris, and toxins. the c ... | 2015 | 22391065 |
| text4health: impact of text message reminder-recalls for pediatric and adolescent immunizations. | we conducted 2 studies to determine the impact of text message immunization reminder-recalls in an urban, low-income population. | 2012 | 22390457 |
| detection of n526k-substituted penicillin-binding protein 3 conferring low-level mutational resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in haemophilus influenzae by disc diffusion testing on mueller-hinton agar according to eucast guidelines. | eucast has recently authorized a new disc diffusion test for routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of haemophilus influenzae, calibrated to eucast mic breakpoints. we investigated whether disc diffusion testing as recommended by eucast could discriminate strains of h. influenzae carrying the n526k substitution in penicillin-binding protein 3 from the wild-type population. | 2012 | 22389455 |
| combined haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection and allergic airways disease drives chronic infection and features of neutrophilic asthma. | 20-30% of patients with asthma have neutrophilic airway inflammation and reduced responsiveness to steroid therapy. they often have chronic airway bacterial colonisation and haemophilus influenzae is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria. the relationship between chronic airway colonisation and the development of steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma is unclear. | 2012 | 22387445 |
| immunogenicity of a haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or in combined vaccines for primary immunization in two consecutive national schedules in turkey. | in turkey, the haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hib) was replaced by the combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and inactivated polio vaccine (dtap-ipv/hib) in 2008. this shift to the new schedule created different cohorts of vaccinated children as a consequence of the different schedules used. we evaluated the immunogenicity of the hib vaccine in infants vaccinated with these different schedules. | 2012 | 22387144 |
| low serum mannose-binding lectin level is not associated with disease severity in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (mbl), a serum protein involved in killing and promoting phagocytosis of pathogens, is associated with respiratory infection and disease progression in a number of acute and chronic lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (cf)- associated bronchiectasis. no such association has been studied in non-cf bronchiectasis (ncf-br). one hundred and thirty-three adult patients with ncf-br were studied. serum mbl levels were measured and deficiency defined using two c ... | 2012 | 22382779 |
| erk2-dependent activation of c-jun is required for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-induced cxcl2 upregulation in inner ear fibrocytes. | the inner ear, composed of the cochlea and the vestibule, is a specialized sensory organ for hearing and balance. although the inner ear has been known as an immune-privileged organ, there is emerging evidence indicating an active immune reaction of the inner ear. inner ear inflammation can be induced by the entry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection. because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can im ... | 2012 | 22379036 |
| towards a vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | this review discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as an outcome of two pathogenic pathways: the first resulting from inhalation of toxins and the second a consequence of bacterial colonisation of damaged airways. earlier assessment of the role played by bacteria in acute exacerbations was compromised by a deficiency of quality data and the use of parameters more relevant to invasive infection. data are reviewed to support a hypothesis that states intrabronchial inflammation reflects an ... | 2012 | 22372964 |
| tympanostomy tube in vitro biofilm potential of common otopathogens. | post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea has been linked to microbial biofilms. the purpose of this study was to compare the tympanostomy tube-biofilm-forming propensity of common otopathogens pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2012 | 22371343 |
| nasopharyngeal biofilm-producing otopathogens in children with nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media. | bacterial biofilms have been detected in biopsies of the adenoid and middle ear mucosa of otitis-prone children and children with chronic middle otitis media. however, the invasiveness of biopsy makes it unsuitable for routine clinical practice, especially in pediatrics. this study aimed to investigate nasopharyngeal biofilm-producing otopathogens (bpos) of nasopharyngeal swabs (nps) in children with a history of nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media (raom) and healthy controls. | 2012 | 22357644 |
| repeat percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia: safety and outcome. | epicardial mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia (vt) has been increasingly performed. occasionally additional ablation is necessary, requiring repeat percutaneous access to the pericardial space. | 2012 | 22353308 |
| nutrient agar with sodium chloride supplementation for presumptive detection of moraxella catarrhalis in clinical specimens. | we previously reported that nissui nutrient agar (n medium) promoted the growth of moraxella catarrhalis but not commensal neisseria spp. in the present study, we examined which constituent of n medium was responsible for the selective growth of m. catarrhalis using 209 m. catarrhalis and 100 commensal neisseria spp. clinical strains. we found that peptone, but not meat extract or agar of n medium, had growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting ability with respect to m. catarrhalis and commensal nei ... | 2012 | 22350402 |
| meningitis in children in fiji: etiology, epidemiology, and neurological sequelae. | to describe the etiology, epidemiology, neurological sequelae, and quality of life of children aged 1 month to less than 5 years admitted with meningitis to the colonial war memorial hospital (cwmh), suva, fiji. | 2012 | 22342257 |
| immunogenicity of a single dose of meningococcal group c conjugate vaccine given at 3 months of age to healthy infants in the united kingdom. | from 1999, in the united kingdom, meningococcal c conjugate (mcc) vaccines from 3 manufacturers were introduced to the infant immunization schedule at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. in 2006, the schedule was refined to a 2-dose primary schedule at 3 and 4 months of age, with a combined mcc/haemophilus influenzae type b (mcc/hib-tt) booster at 12 months of age. recent data have demonstrated that 2 of the 3 mcc vaccines showed potential for use as a single priming dose in infancy. | 2012 | 22333698 |
| carriage of encapsulated bacteria in gabonese children with sickle cell anaemia. | sickle cell anaemia (sca) is a haemoglobin disorder that alters the deformability of erythrocytes through abnormal polymerization of haemoglobin. children with sca have an increased risk of infections with encapsulated bacteria. to guide the antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccinations in children with sca in gabon, we characterized streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae from children with and without sca. we performed a cross-sectional study and compared nasal and ... | 2013 | 22329610 |
| update on the management of simple febrile seizures: emphasis on minimal intervention. | we summarize recent clinical reviews and updated american academy of pediatrics (aap) clinical guidelines for the management of children with simple febrile seizures. | 2012 | 22327951 |
| pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of intensive care unit patients: impact of duration of hospital care and mechanical ventilation. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap), the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care unit (icu) patients, is caused by bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of mechanically ventilated patients. | 2012 | 22324935 |
| napa immunization study: immunization rates for children with publicly funded insurance compared with those with private health insurance in a suburban medical office. | healthy people 2020 set a goal to increase the proportion of children who receive the recommended doses of diphtheria tetanus and pertussis, polio, measles mumps and rubella, haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis b, varicella and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to 80% from the 2009 baseline rate of 69%. the purpose of this study is to compare the recommended immunization rates for low-income children insured through publicly funded health insurance (pfi) to the rates for children with private ... | 2011 | 22319411 |
| immunogenicity and tolerability of recombinant serogroup b meningococcal vaccine administered with or without routine infant vaccinations according to different immunization schedules: a randomized controlled trial. | in the absence of an effective vaccine, serogroup b neisseria meningitidis (menb) remains a major cause of invasive disease in early childhood in developed countries. | 2012 | 22318278 |
| [development and use of test-systems for molecular-genetic detection of out-of-hospital pneumonia agents]. | search of new targets and improvements of molecular-genetic detection methods of species specific dna fragments of out-of-hospital pneumonia (op) infection agents in sputum. | 2012 | 22308733 |
| vaccination with haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine reduces bacterial meningitis in morocco. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia and can be prevented by hib vaccine. we conducted a vaccine impact evaluation to support continued use of hib vaccine in morocco following introduction in 2007. | 2012 | 22306854 |
| activity of jnj-q2, a new fluoroquinolone, tested against contemporary pathogens isolated from patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | jnj-q2 is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp) and acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections. this study determined the activity of jnj-q2 against a worldwide year 2010 collection (89 centres in 27 countries) of three common respiratory pathogens (3757 isolates) from patients with cabp. streptococcus pneumoni ... | 2012 | 22306239 |
| pkcθ synergizes with tlr-dependent traf6 signaling pathway to upregulate muc5ac mucin via carma1. | card-containing maguk protein 1 (carma1) plays a crucial role in regulating adaptive immune responses upon t-cell receptor (tcr) activation in t cells. its role in regulating host mucosal innate immune response such as upregulation of mucin remains unknown. here we show that carma1 acts as a key signaling mediator for synergistic upregulation of muc5ac mucin by bacterium nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and phorbol ester pma in respiratory epithelial cells. nthi-induced tlr-dependent tr ... | 2012 | 22303480 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of haemophilus influenzae isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection patients in shanghai city, china. | haemophilus influenzae is an important causative pathogen of community-acquired respiratory infection in china. in this study we investigated 37 h. influenzae strains isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) in shanghai city between dec 2008 and apr 2009. h. influenzae clinical isolates were identified, and b-lactamase production tests were conducted and minimal inhibitory concentrations(mic) were measured. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(pfge) was int ... | 2012 | 22302696 |
| crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of a novel surface-adhesin protein: protein e from haemophilus influenzae. | protein e (pe) is a ubiquitous multifunctional surface protein of haemophilus spp. and other bacterial pathogens of the pasteurellaceae family. h. influenzae utilizes pe for attachment to respiratory epithelial cells. in addition, pe interacts directly with plasminogen and the extracellular matrix (ecm) components vitronectin and laminin. vitronectin is a complement regulator that inhibits the formation of the membrane-attack complex (mac). pe-mediated vitronectin recruitment at the h. influenza ... | 2012 | 22298005 |
| measurement of antibodies to pneumococcal, meningococcal and haemophilus polysaccharides, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids using a 19-plexed assay. | the measurement of antibody responses to vaccination is useful in the assessment of immune status in suspected immune deficiency. previous reliance on enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (elisa) has been cumbersome, time-consuming and expensive. the availability of flow cytometry systems has led to the development of multiplexed assays enabling simultaneous measurement of antibodies to several antigens. we optimized a flow cytometric bead-based assay to measure igg and igm concentrations in ser ... | 2012 | 22293629 |
| prognostic accuracy of five simple scales in childhood bacterial meningitis. | in childhood acute bacterial meningitis, the level of consciousness, measured with the glasgow coma scale (gcs) or the blantyre coma scale (bcs), is the most important predictor of outcome. the herson-todd scale (hts) was developed for haemophilus influenzae meningitis. our objective was to identify prognostic factors, to form a simple scale, and to compare the predictive accuracy of these scales. | 2012 | 22292706 |
| isolation, structure elucidation, and antibacterial activity of methiosetin, a tetramic acid from a tropical sooty mold (capnodium sp.). | drug-resistant bacteria continue to make many existing antibiotic classes ineffective. in order to avoid a future epidemic from drug-resistant bacterial infections, new antibiotics with new modes of action are needed. in an antibiotic screening program for new drug leads with new modes of action using antisense staphylococcus aureus fitness test screening, we discovered a new tetramic acid, methiosetin, from a tropical sooty mold, capnodium sp. the fungus also produced epicorazine a, a known ant ... | 2012 | 22288374 |
| inactivation of haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes interferes with outer membrane localization of the hap autotransporter. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of localized respiratory tract disease and initiates infection by colonizing the nasopharynx. colonization requires adherence to host epithelial cells, which is mediated by surface proteins such as the hap adhesin. in this study, we identified a relationship between hap levels in the outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis enzymes. we found that mutation of the rfaf, pgmb, lgtc, kfic, orfe, rfbp, lsgb, or lsgd genes, which are ... | 2012 | 22287523 |
| does empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones delay tuberculosis treatment and result in fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis? controversies and solutions. | the role of fluoroquinolones (fqs) as empirical therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains controversial in countries with high tuberculosis (tb) endemicity owing to the possibility of delayed tb diagnosis and treatment and the emergence of fq resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. although the rates of macrolide-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant haemophilus influenzae have risen to alarming levels, the rates of respiratory fq (rfq) resis ... | 2012 | 22285045 |
| nasal colonization by four potential respiratory bacteria in healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school in seoul, korea. | a longitudinal analysis was carried out of the colonization by four potential respiratory pathogens - streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus - in 165 healthy children (aged 3-7 years) attending three kindergartens and 417 healthy children (aged 7-10 years) attending an elementary school in seoul, korea, by four consecutive examinations over 1 year. the prevalence of nasal carriers of one or more of four bacteria was found to be higher in ... | 2012 | 22282460 |
| immunogenicity and safety of lbvh0101, a new haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, compared with hiberix™ in korean infants and children: a randomized trial. | the world health organization (who) recommends that all countries adopt haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine into routine child immunization programs to protect children from the significant burden of life-threatening pneumonia and meningitis. | 2012 | 22245607 |
| two decades of experience with the haemophilus influenzae serotype b conjugate vaccine in the united kingdom. | the haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccine was introduced into the uk national childhood immunization program in 1992 after clinical trials reported the vaccine to be highly immunogenic in infants as young as two months of age. | 2012 | 22244051 |
| enhancement of lung tumorigenesis in a gprc5a knockout mouse by chronic extrinsic airway inflammation. | although cigarette smoking is the principal cause of lung carcinogenesis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), an inflammatory disease of the lung, has been identified as an independent risk factor for lung cancer. bacterial colonization, particularly with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), has been implicated as a cause of airway inflammation in copd besides cigarette smoke. accordingly, we hypothesized that lung cancer promotion may occur in a chronic inflammatory environment ... | 2012 | 22239913 |
| hiv-related bronchiectasis in children: an emerging spectre in high tuberculosis burden areas. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected children have an eleven-fold risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection. this places hiv-infected children at risk of airway destruction and bronchiectasis. | 2012 | 22236856 |
| measles control in sub-saharan africa: south africa as a case study. | due to intensified measles immunization efforts, measles mortality has decreased substantially worldwide, particularly in sub-saharan africa (ssa). the world health organization (who) estimated a 92% decrease in measles-related deaths in the who afro region for the period 2000-2008. recently, the afro region established a measles pre-elimination goal and experts have suggested engaging in a measles eradication campaign at the global level. however, recent large-scale outbreaks in many sub-sahara ... | 2012 | 22230581 |
| antibody against haemophilus influenzae protein d in patients with chronic conditions causing secondary immunodeficiency. | prevalence of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) in the etiology of invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals is increasing. serum igg antibody levels to h. influenzae protein d (pd) were significantly lower in adults suffering from chronic conditions causing secondary immunodeficiency (copd, cancer, chronic renal failure, and diabetes) compared to age-matched healthy controls. a lack of naturally acquired antibody against this highly conserved antigen may contribute to an inc ... | 2012 | 22230580 |
| leclercia adecarboxylata bacteremia in a trauma patient: case report and review of the literature. | leclercia adecarboxylata is a rarely described gram-negative pathogen. since the advent of rapid molecular typing techniques, l. adecarboxylata has been described in 23 case reports, often associated with polymicrobial infections or in immunosuppressed hosts. | 2012 | 22217232 |
| [adverse events following immunization reported to the district sanitary-epidemiological station in czestochowa in 2006-2010]. | obligatory reporting of adverse effects following immunization (aefi) was introduced in poland in 1995. in 2006-2010 number of aefi reported to the district sanitary-epidemiological station in czestochowa was 70. for the same period in the whole country 4552 cases were reported. | 2012 | 23484397 |
| discovery of 4''-ether linked azithromycin-quinolone hybrid series: influence of the central linker on the antibacterial activity. | a series of novel c-4''-substituted azithromycins was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of representative erythromycin-susceptible and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) resistant pathogens. in summary, azithromycin and quinolone substructures merged in a mutually sar-compatible design gave rise to a new class of antimicrobials with an improved spectrum and potency over azithromycin. prototypical analogues 7f and 8f display an improved potency v ... | 2011 | 24900314 |
| structure and function of the haemophilus influenzae autotransporters. | autotransporters are a large class of proteins that are found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are almost universally implicated in virulence. these proteins consist of a c-terminal β-domain that is embedded in the outer membrane and an n-terminal domain that is exposed on the bacterial surface and is endowed with effector function. in this article, we review and compare the structural and functional characteristics of the haemophilus influenzae iga1 protease and hap monomeric ... | 2011 | 22919571 |
| coverage and causes of missed haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in urban and rural areas of peshawar. | haemophilus influenza type b (hib) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pakistan. hib vaccine was introduced in 2009 in epi programme. the purpose of this study was to find out the coverage and factors associated with non-immunization of hib in urban and rural areas of peshawar. | 2012 | 22830162 |
| culture proven bacterial meningitis in children: agents, clinical profile and outcome. | meningitis is a serious infection. little is known about the bacterial agents and their antibacterial sensitivity in nepalese children. | 2013 | 22610807 |
| perplot & perscan: tools for analysis of dna curvature-related periodicity in genomic nucleotide sequences. | periodic spacing of short adenine or thymine runs phased with dna helical period of ~10.5 bp is associated with intrinsic dna curvature and deformability, which play important roles in dna-protein interactions and in the organization of chromosomes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. local differences in dna sequence periodicity have been linked to differences in gene expression in some organisms. despite the significance of these periodic patterns, there are virtually no publicly accessible too ... | 2011 | 22587738 |
| acute exacerbations in copd and their control with oral immunization with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) a term based on the demonstration of irreversible airways obstruction, introduced to unify a range of chronic progressive diseases of the airways consequent upon inhalation of toxins. while disease is initiated and progressed by inhaled toxins, an additional pathway of damage has emerged, with particular relevance to acute exacerbations. exacerbations of disease due to an increase in the level of intrabronchial inflammation have taken on a new signifi ... | 2011 | 22566798 |
| management of acute otitis media: update. | acute otitis media (aom), a viral or bacterial infection of the ear, is the most common childhood infection for which antibiotics are prescribed in the united states. in 2001, the southern california evidence-based practice center conducted a systematic review of the evidence comparing treatments of aom. | 2010 | 23126594 |
| the bacteriology of lower respiratory infections in papua new guinean and australian indigenous children. | indigenous children in australia and children in papua new guinea (png) share a high burden of respiratory disease. in png the focus has been on pneumonia as a major cause of mortality. while pneumonia incidence remains high in australian indigenous children, improved access to better health care has resulted in reduced mortality. however, severe and recurrent pneumonia are risk factors for chronic suppurative lung disease or bronchiectasis in australian indigenous children. bronchiectasis is as ... | 2012 | 23163186 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and childhood pneumonia. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common microbe frequently isolated from the nasopharynx of children. bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease being greatest in developing countries. determination of the bacterial aetiology of pneumonia is difficult due to sampling constraints. however, with a combination of sampling approaches, trans-thoracic fine-needle aspiration, blood culture and screened s ... | 2012 | 23163185 |
| collaborative studies in mucosal immunology in goroka. | a collaborative program between the papua new guinea (png) institute of medical research and the hunter mucosal group has completed studies relevant to protection of the airways against bacterial infection. specifically, these studies addressed the mucosal capacity to produce local immunoglobulins and the capacity of the airways to respond to an oral vaccine containing inactivated nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). the mucosal iga response to nthi antigens was blunted in both children an ... | 2012 | 23163182 |
| pneumonia research in papua new guinea: 1967-1986. | between 1967 and 1985 research on pneumonia in papua new guinea (png) was fundamental not only to standard treatments of disease in png, but also to the establishment of the world health organization's global program for control of acute respiratory infections. pneumonia was the leading cause of death in both population-based and hospital studies. research that began in 1967 revealed a pattern of disease in adults reminiscent of that seen in industrialized countries in the early 20th century. st ... | 2012 | 23163180 |
| effect of selected antiasthmatic plant constituents against micro organism causing upper respiratory tract infection. | most exacerbations of asthma can be proven to be associated with bacterial infections and there is scientific evidence that frequent respiratory infections particularly bacterial infections provoke asthma attack. considering these facts different plant extracts and phytoconstituents with proven anti asthmatic property had been selected for screening anti microbial activity in in-vitro models. in the present study, coleus forskohlii willd. extract (10% forskolin), piper longum l. extract (20% pip ... | 2010 | 22557357 |
| acute epiglottitis in adults - a recent review in an indian hospital. | to examine the mode of presentation, clinical course and treatment of acute epiglottitis in a series of adult patients. | 2009 | 23120634 |
| hib epiglottitis despite fully vaccinated status. | the introduction of an effective vaccine has markedly reduced the incidence of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease. however, vaccination failure can occur, and this report describes one such case in a previously healthy 4-year-old girl, who became severely unwell with hib epiglottitis. she had received a full course of hib vaccine administered via the buttocks. this site has been associated with reduced immunogenicity compared to vaccination by injection into the thigh or deltoi ... | 2009 | 22751236 |
| [anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory actions of clarithromycin against haemophilus influenzae that has infiltrated the respiratory epithelial cells]. | | 2009 | 22452055 |
| [prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in nasopharynx of healthy children attending a day care center in havana city]. | during the first six-month period of 2001, a descriptive cross-sectional study of carriage in healthy children attending a day-care center in havana city was performed. the objective was to find out the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and its association with possible risk factors. the design took into account the international and domestic regulatory bioethical requirements. swabs of posterior nasopharynx of 160 children were directly cultured in brain heart agar plus sheep blood ... | 2013 | 23424784 |
| physicians' perceptions of factors influencing adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease. | children with sickle cell disease (scd) aged <5 years are at great risk for invasive infection with staphylococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae due to the inability of their spleen to protect against infection. | 2003 | 24944360 |
| suppurative myositis in children. | three cases are reported of pyogenic (non-tuberculous) myositis involving the ilio-psoas and/or iliacus muscles in children presenting to john hunter hospital, newcastle, australia, in a 12-month period. in one, cultures grew haemophilus influenzae type b and in the other two staphylococcus aureus was isolated. biopsy of the abscess cavity from the second child confirmed an antecedent haematoma as the underlying cause. the third had underlying sacroiliac septic arthritis with a history of antece ... | 1996 | 24057560 |
| alternation of two forms of restriction endonuclease hindiii. | two forms of the restriction enzyme hindiii were alternated with each other under some physiological or biochemical conditions. addition of a low amount of phase t7 to the culture of hindiii-producing haemophilus influenzae rd, resulted in appearance of some amounts of the p2 fraction of hindiii, which was eluted with a high concentration of kci from a phosphocellulose column. higher amounts of t7 caused a decrease of the p2 fraction; finally the alternative pi fraction of hindiii, which was elu ... | 1996 | 27299544 |
| meningitis due to ampicillin-and chloramphenicol-resistant haemophilus influenzae type b in canada. case report and review. | the first report of a case of ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant haemophilus influenzae type b invasive infection in canada is described in a four-month-old male with meningitis. he was treated with cefotaxime 200 mg/kg/day divided every 6 h and dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg/day divided every 6 h, eventually recovering after a complicated course. follow-up at 21 months showed mild to moderate global developmental delay. while chloramphenicol resistance is rare in north america, a case of mening ... | 1990 | 22553448 |
| epiglottitis in canada: a multiregional review. | epiglottitis is an acute, life threatening infection usually caused by haemophilus influenzae type b. although antibiotic therapy is an important part of management, the optimal route and duration is unknown. a multicentre retrospective review of 305 children with epiglottitis was carried out in order to relate antibiotic therapy to hospital course and outcome, as well as to examine regional variation in patient demographics, clinical presentation and course of disease. a standardized form was u ... | 1990 | 22553431 |
| the in vitro activity of tigemonam: a comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | the activity of tigemonam was compared with that of aztreonam, cefuroxime, cephalexin, amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium, gentamicin, and ofloxacin, using an agar dilution method. tigemonam was active against strains containing known betalactamases of tern and oxa types, but strains containing broad-spectrum (group iv) enzymes were less susceptible. the mic90 of tigemonam against the common enterobacteriaceae was ≦ 0.25 mg/l. the mic90s against haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae we ... | 1989 | 27416143 |
| cleavage of bacteriophage m13 dna by haemophilus influenzae endonuclease-r. | the restriction enzyme from haemophilus influenzae, endonuclease-r, has only one cleavage site on the double-stranded replicative form dna of bacteriophage m13. circular replicative forms are broken to yield full-length liniar m13-dna molecules (rf-iii). the cleavage site appears to be specific as the rf-iii molecules, produced by endonuclease-r, cannot be circularized by denaturation and renaturation. | 1973 | 24197429 |
| [sulphonamide, penicillin and streptomycin in the treatment of meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1948 | 18881438 |
| [streptomycin in the tratamiento menungite by haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1947 | 20263531 |
| investigations of a possible chemical effect of salvadora persica chewing sticks. | salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. this study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (bitc) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. the study also tested if the released amount of bitc could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh miswak once, twice, and four times. the amount of bitc in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas c ... | 2017 | 28484501 |
| bacterial infections after pediatric heart transplantation: epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes. | bacterial infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in heart transplant recipients. however, data describing the epidemiology and outcomes of these infections in children are limited. | 2017 | 28583371 |
| respiratory viral infections are underdiagnosed in patients with suspected sepsis. | the study aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of viral findings by multiplex pcr from the nasopharynx of clinically septic patients during a winter season. during 11 weeks of the influenza epidemic period in january-march 2012, consecutive adult patients suspected to be septic (n = 432) were analyzed with cultures from blood and nasopharynx plus multiplex pcr for respiratory viruses on the nasopharyngeal specimen. the results were compared with those from microbiology an ... | 2017 | 28516200 |
| evaluation of a taqman array card for detection of central nervous system infections. | infections of the central nervous system (cns) are often acute, with significant morbidity and mortality. routine diagnosis of such infections is limited in developing countries and requires modern equipment in advanced laboratories that may be unavailable to a number of patients in sub-saharan africa. we developed a taqman array card (tac) that detects multiple pathogens simultaneously from cerebrospinal fluid. the 21-pathogen cns multiple-pathogen tac (cns-tac) assay includes two parasites (ba ... | 2017 | 28404679 |
| pediatric bacterial meningitis in japan, 2013-2015 - 3-5 years after the wide use of haemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae conjugated vaccines. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine and pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (pcv) have been widely used since 2010 in japan when both vaccines were supported by the regional governments, and they were covered as routine recommended vaccines in 2013. the incidence of bacterial meningitis due to these organisms decreased in 2011 and 2012, but meningitis due to streptococcus agalactiae and escherichia coli remained unchanged. | 2017 | 28456490 |
| update on the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of ocular infections. | the purpose of this review is to provide an update on the epidemiology and current antibiotic-resistant threats in ophthalmology. | 2017 | 28546690 |
| bacterial and histopathological findings in deep head and neck infections: a retrospective analysis. | deep neck infections are among the most dangerous acute diseases in the head and neck region. this analysis gives an overview of the bacterial and histopathologic findings of deep neck infections. | 2017 | 28411005 |
| progress in definition, prevention and treatment of fungal infections in cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a chronic lethal multi-system condition; however, most of the morbidity and mortality is dependent on the status of the respiratory system. progressive respiratory decline is mediated by chronic infection and inflammation, punctuated by important acute events known as pulmonary exacerbations which can lead to accelerated decline. the main bacterial species causing infections include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and achromobacter xy ... | 2017 | 28762125 |
| seasonality of acquisition of respiratory bacterial pathogens in young children with cystic fibrosis. | seasonal variations are often observed for respiratory tract infections; however, limited information is available regarding seasonal patterns of acquisition of common cystic fibrosis (cf)-related respiratory pathogens. we previously reported differential seasonal acquisition of pseudomonas aeruginosa in young children with cf and no such variation for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus acquisition. the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the seasonal incidence of acquis ... | 2017 | 28599639 |