| profile: manhiça health research centre (manhiça hdss). | the manhiça health research centre, established in 1996 in a rural area of southern mozambique, currently follows around 92 000 individuals living in approximately 20 000 enumerated and geo-positioned households. its main strength is the possibility of linking demographic data and clinical data to promote and conduct biomedical research in priority health areas. socio-demographic data are updated twice a year and clinical data are collected on a daily basis. the data collected in manhiça hdss co ... | 2013 | 24159076 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccination who position paper: july 2013-recommendations. | this article presents the world health organizations (who) evidence and recommendations for the use of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination from the who position paper on h. influenzae type b (hib) vaccination - july 2013 recently published in the weekly epidemiological record [1]. this position paper summarizes the who position on the inclusion of hib vaccines in all national immunization programmes, recent developments in the field and the potential of different hib immunization schedules ... | 2013 | 24156921 |
| characteristics of haemophilus influenzae invasive isolates from portugal following routine childhood vaccination against h. influenzae serotype b (2002-2010). | we aimed to characterize haemophilus influenzae invasive isolates recovered in portugal over a 9-year period (2002-2010) following the inclusion of h. influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccination in the national immunization program (nip) in the year 2000 and compare the results with those obtained in a similar study from the pre-vaccination era (1989-2001) previously described by us. as part of a laboratory-based passive surveillance system, 144 invasive isolates obtained in 28 portuguese ... | 2014 | 24154654 |
| comparing haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine schedules: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vaccine trials. | the optimal schedule and the need for a booster dose are unclear for haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines. we systematically reviewed relative effects of hib vaccine schedules. | 2013 | 24145955 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccination position paper – july 2013. | | 2013 | 24143842 |
| nonprotective responses to pediatric vaccines occur in children who are otitis prone. | we recently found that children who experience recurrent otitis media despite individualized care (stringently-defined otitis prone [sop]) do not develop an antibody response to several vaccine candidate protein antigens expressed by streptococcus pneumonia (spn) and haemophilus influenzae. here we sought to determine if these same children also failed to develop antibody to routine pediatric vaccinations. | 2013 | 24141796 |
| evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in são paulo state-brazil and future challenges. | bacterial meningitis (bm) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. the most common cases of bm around the world, mainly in brazil, have been caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae type b. bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for bm confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation ... | 2013 | 24141502 |
| antibiotic non-susceptibility among streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae isolates identified in african cohorts: a meta-analysis of three decades of published studies. | management of community-acquired pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) can be complicated by emerging antimicrobial non-susceptibility. we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired invasive infections with s. pneumoniae and hib in africa from 1978 to 2011. with the notable exceptions of widespread trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (sxt) and tetracycline non-susceptibility, the majority of pneumococci remain ... | 2013 | 24139883 |
| advances towards the prevention of meningococcal b disease: a multidimensional story. | whilst much progress has been made in reducing the burden of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia through vaccination, endemic serogroup b meningococcal (menb) disease has remained problematic. polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are now available to protect against haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis serogroups a, c, y and w and thirteen serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae, but this approach has not been used for menb. instead efforts have been made to identify protein ... | 2014 | 24139188 |
| combination therapy: the propitious rationale for drug development. | therapeutic options for many infections are extremely limited and at crisis point. we run the risk of entering a second pre-antibiotic era. there had been no miracle drug for the patients infected by resistant microbial pathogens. most of the very few new drugs under development have problems with their toxicity, or pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. we are already decades behind in the discovery, characterization and development of new antimicrobials. in that scenario, we could not imagine ... | 2014 | 24138510 |
| otitis media: diagnosis and treatment. | acute otitis media is diagnosed in patients with acute onset, presence of middle ear effusion, physical evidence of middle ear inflammation, and symptoms such as pain, irritability, or fever. acute otitis media is usually a complication of eustachian tube dysfunction that occurs during a viral upper respiratory tract infection. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common organisms isolated from middle ear fluid. management of acute otitis media ... | 2013 | 24134083 |
| postvaccination bullous pemphigoid in infancy: report of three new cases and literature review. | bullous pemphigoid (bp) is an acquired autoimmune blistering disorder of unknown etiology uncommon in childhood. unlike adult bp, infantile bp shows acral distribution and resolves rapidly with systemic steroids. we report three infants with infantile bp presenting shortly after vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis b, haemophilus influenzae b, and meningococcus c. our cases further reinforce the causal association between childhood bp and vaccination. | 2014 | 24125034 |
| fragment-to-hit-to-lead discovery of a novel pyridylurea scaffold of atp competitive dual targeting type ii topoisomerase inhibiting antibacterial agents. | the discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) inhibitors binding in the atp domain are described. a fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μm) to prompt further analogue work. acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. a ... | 2013 | 24098982 |
| evaluation of child with fever without source: review of literature and update. | fever is one of the most common reasons for a visit to the primary care provider or the emergency department. traditionally, clinicians have used various risk-stratification strategies to identify serious bacterial infections (sbi) without an obvious source in febrile children, because missed bacterial infections in such children can result in meningitis, sepsis, and death; therefore, early and accurate identification of sbis is critical. infants aged less than 60 to 90 days are at greatest risk ... | 2013 | 24093895 |
| complete genome sequence of encapsulated haemophilus influenzae type f kr494, an invasive isolate that caused necrotizing myositis. | haemophilus influenzae serotype f (hif) is an etiologic agent of bacterial invasive disease. here, we report the first annotated genome sequence of the hif strain kr494, which was isolated from a patient suffering from sepsis and necrotizing myositis. the genome sequence will increase the understanding of hif pathogenesis. | 2013 | 24092777 |
| increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis after bacterial colonization of the airways as neonates. | the frequency of pneumonia and bronchiolitis exhibits considerable variation in otherwise healthy children, and suspected risk factors explain only a minor proportion of the variation. we hypothesized that alterations in the airway microbiome in early life may be associated with susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children. | 2013 | 24090102 |
| estimating meningitis hospitalization rates for sentinel hospitals conducting invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance. | the world health organization (who)-coordinated global invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases (ib-vpd) sentinel hospital surveillance network provides data for decision making regarding use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine, both recommended for inclusion in routine childhood immunization programs worldwide. who recommends that countries conduct sentinel hospital surveillance for meningitis among children aged <5 years, including collectio ... | 2013 | 24080594 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in the era prior to universal pneumococcal vaccination in taiwanese children. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in children. streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are the two major bacterial pathogens. pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced into taiwan in 2005 and only some children were vaccinated. this retrospective study assessed the bacterial etiology of aom and its antimicrobial susceptibility in the era prior to universal pneumococcal vaccination in taiwan. | 2014 | 24080520 |
| genetic similarity between adenoid tissue and middle ear fluid isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from iranian children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a common disease among children, in the pathogenesis of which bacterial infections play a critical role. it was suggested that adenoid tissue could serve as a reservoir for bacterial infection, the eustachian tubes being the migration routes of bacteria into the middle ear cavity. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity between isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, obtained from adenoid ... | 2013 | 24080321 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in england and wales: who is at risk after 2 decades of routine childhood vaccination? | the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccine into national immunization has led to rapid and sustained declines in invasive hib disease incidence across all age groups. in industrialized countries with established hib vaccination programs, however, little is known about individuals who develop invasive hib disease. this study describes the epidemiology of invasive hib disease in england and wales during 2000-2012 and the clinical characteristics of laboratory ... | 2013 | 24076970 |
| role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in co-colonization of airways with streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | | 2013 | 24067557 |
| novel strategies for development of next-generation glycoconjugate vaccines. | most bacterial pathogens are decorated with surface glycans called capsular polysaccharides (cpss). each cps has a unique structure that is distinctively recognized by our immune cells. these polysaccharides are important vaccine candidates given that they are located on the surface of pathogens, are easily accessible by the immune system, and often result in formation of protective antibodies. to induce cps specific adaptive immune response (i.e., t cell-mediated b cell response), cpss are conj ... | 2013 | 24066893 |
| infectious etiology of acute exacerbations in severe copd patients. | since the new gold guidelines were implemented no data have been published about the etiology of acute exacerbations (aecopd) in severe copd patients with a different frequency of annual episodes. | 2013 | 24055804 |
| [update on prevention of infections in patients without spleen or with diminished splenic function]. | patients without spleen or with diminished splenic function are at high risk (10-50 times higher than in normal population) of developing life-threatening infections (opsi). mortality from opsi is estimated at 50 to 80% of cases. more frequent causative agents are encapsulated bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b and neisseria meningitidis. the risk of opsi can be reduced by immunizing patients against these pathogens and by prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis. contin ... | 2013 | 24051976 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients in primary hospitals in shanghai from 2007 to 2010]. | to investigate the etiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) and the antimicrobial resistance of the major pathogens in primary hospitals in shanghai. | 2013 | 24047808 |
| the effectiveness of conjugate haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in the gambia 14 years after introduction. | the gambia was the first country in africa to introduce conjugate haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine, which, as in other developing countries but unlike industrialized countries, is delivered as a 3-dose primary series with no booster. this study assessed its effectiveness 14 years after introduction. | 2013 | 24046305 |
| mechanism of action of the novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic omadacycline. | omadacycline is a novel first-in-class aminomethylcycline with potent activity against important skin and pneumonia pathogens, including community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), β-hemolytic streptococci, penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and legionella. in this work, the mechanism of action for omadacycline was further elucidated using a variety of models. functional assays demonstrated that omadacycline is active against strains ... | 2014 | 24041885 |
| versatile substrates and probes for iga1 protease activity. | bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease with high mortality. gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause meningitis secrete immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) proteases to assist in mucosal colonization, invasion, and immune evasion. iga1 proteases have unique selectivity, with few reported substrates other than iga1 from human tissue. here we describe the design, characterization, and application of peptide substrates for diverse iga1 proteases from neisseria, haemophilus, and strepto ... | 2013 | 24038810 |
| inhibition of otopathogenic biofilms by organoselenium-coated tympanostomy tubes. | tube occlusion and post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea (ptto) are 2 major sequelae of tympanostomy tube placement. plugging negates the function of the tympanostomy tubes and, along with chronic ptto, can be financially burdensome owing to repeated surgical procedures and additional treatments. | 2013 | 24030785 |
| cellular immune response in young children accounts for recurrent acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common disease in young children. streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) and haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are the two most common pathogens that cause aom. over the past 5 years, our group has been studying the immunologic profile of children that experience repeated aom infections despite tympanocentesis drainage of middle ear fluid and individualized antibiotic treatment; we call these children stringently-defined otitis prone(sop). although protection against aom is pri ... | 2013 | 24022464 |
| an application of outer membrane protein p6-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of haemophilus influenzae in middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal secretions. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific to outer membrane protein p6 (p6-elisa) was applied for detecting haemophilus influenzae in middle ear fluids (mefs) from acute otitis media (aom) patients and in nasopharyngeal secretions (npss) from acute rhinosinusitis patients. p6-elisa had a sensitivity of 83.3% for mefs and 71.5% for npss and a specificity of 85.6% for mefs and 92.5% for npss, respectively. real-time pcr exhibited significant differences in the number of ompp1 gene copies among ... | 2013 | 24015192 |
| the host immune response contributes to haemophilus influenzae virulence. | there is compelling evidence that infections with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are associated with exacerbations in copd patients. however, nthi has also been isolated frequently during clinically stable disease. in this study we tested the hypothesis that genetically distinct nthi isolates obtained from copd patients differ in virulence which could account for dissimilarities in the final outcome of an infection (stable vs. exacerbation). | 2014 | 24011804 |
| evaluation of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and concomitant meningococcal group c conjugate vaccine in healthy infants and toddlers in spain. | given the concurrent administration of multiple vaccines during routine pediatric immunizations, efforts to elucidate the potential interference of any vaccine on the immune response to the concomitantly administered antigens are fundamental to prelicensure clinical research. | 2013 | 24004465 |
| genome-wide fitness profiling reveals adaptations required by haemophilus in coinfection with influenza a virus in the murine lung. | bacterial coinfection represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in epidemics of influenza a virus (iav). the bacterium haemophilus influenzae typically colonizes the human upper respiratory tract without causing disease, and yet in individuals infected with iav, it can cause debilitating or lethal secondary pneumonia. studies in murine models have detected immune components involved in susceptibility and pathology, and yet few studies have examined bacterial factors contributing to coi ... | 2013 | 24003154 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae infective endocarditis in a renal transplant recipient: compromised host or virulent strain? | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) rarely cause endocarditis. of the limited reports of h influenzae endocarditis, most have been due to encapsulated organisms or have had limited bacterial characterisation. we encountered a transplant recipient with native valve nthi endocarditis and were intrigued to find no previous descriptions of this entity. although it was tempting to ascribe this infection to our patient's immunocompromised status, we investigated his pathogen further and found t ... | 2013 | 24000216 |
| a case of infective abdominal aortic aneurysm due to haemophilus influenzae type b. | infective abdominal aortic aneurysm (iaaa) is relatively rare, but a case which is caused by haemophilus influenzae type b is very rare. we experienced one iaaa case due to h. influenzae type b. the patient was 69-year-old man presenting with severe abdominal and back pain and elevated c-reactive protein (crp), as inflammatory marker. the patient was found to have saccular aneurysm infrarenal aorta on computed tomography scanning. first, we started to treat him with antibiotic agent and second, ... | 2012 | 23997558 |
| outgrowth of the bacterial airway microbiome after rhinovirus exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | rhinovirus infection is followed by significantly increased frequencies of positive, potentially pathogenic sputum cultures in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, it remains unclear whether these represent de novo infections or an increased load of organisms from the complex microbial communities (microbiome) in the lower airways. | 2013 | 23992479 |
| effects of rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with wild or variant types of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 3 and 4. | development of respiratory tract infections is determined by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host innate immune response. we investigated the impact of natural rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with or without gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and toll-like receptors (tlrs) 3 and 4. | 2013 | 26619478 |
| absence of high molecular weight proteins 1 and/or 2 is associated with decreased adherence among non-typeable haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. | high molecular weight (hmw) proteins 1 and 2, type iv pilin protein (pila), outer-membrane protein p5 (ompp5), haemophilus protein d (hpd) and haemophilus adhesive protein (hap) are surface proteins involved in the adherence of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. one hundred clinical isolates were evaluated for the presence of the genes encoding these proteins by pcr and for their adherence capacity (ac) to detroit 562 nasopharyngeal cells (d562). the majority of isolates were from blood (77/10 ... | 2013 | 23988628 |
| enhancement of serum and mucosal immune responses to a haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine by intranasal delivery. | intranasal (i.n.) vaccination is potentially the most direct method for conveying upper respiratory and mucosal immunity to respiratory pathogens. however, for unclear reasons, vaccines introduced into the nasal sinuses often have lower efficacy than vaccines administered by the more frequently used parenteral routes. we examined i.n. vaccination in a mouse immune-response model with a commonly used haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (hibv) composed of the polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp) c ... | 2013 | 23986319 |
| no evidence of increasing haemophilus influenzae non-b infection in australian aboriginal children. | high, or increasing, rates of invasive haemophilus influenzae (hi) type a disease have been reported from north american native children from circumpolar regions, raising the question of serotype replacement being driven by vaccination against hi type b (hib). indigenous australians from remote areas had high rates of invasive hib disease in the past, comparable to those in north american indigenous populations. | 2013 | 23984279 |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with a very high leukocyte count in ascitic fluid caused by haemophilus influenzae. | we report on a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) due to haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) in an elderly patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. the patient presented with a 5 day history of fever, cough, and fatigue. abdominal paracentesis revealed a very high neutrophil count (134,800 cells/μl). secondary peritonitis and abdominal abscess were ruled out. peritoneal fluid culture displayed the growth of h. influenzae. the patient was treated with ceftriaxone and showed signs of impr ... | 2013 | 23983486 |
| ocular surface infections in northeastern state of malaysia: a 10-year review of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility. | ocular surface infections that include infections of conjunctiva, adnexa, and cornea have the potential risk of causing blindness within a given population. empirical antibiotic therapy is usually initiated based on epidemiological data of common causative agents. thus, the aims of this study were to determine the bacterial agents and their susceptibility patterns of isolates from ocular surface specimens in our hospital. | 2013 | 23982472 |
| selective inhibitors of bacterial t-rna-(n(1)g37) methyltransferase (trmd) that demonstrate novel ordering of the lid domain. | the trna-(n(1)g37) methyltransferase (trmd) is essential for growth and highly conserved in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens. additionally, trmd is very distinct from its human orthologue trm5 and thus is a suitable target for the design of novel antibacterials. screening of a collection of compound fragments using haemophilus influenzae trmd identified inhibitory, fused thieno-pyrimidones that were competitive with s-adenosylmethionine (sam), the physiological methyl don ... | 2013 | 23981144 |
| bacterial meningitis in children in iceland, 1975-2010: a nationwide epidemiological study. | bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially rapid life-threatening disease. therefore, to ensure appropriate treatment, early recognition of signs and symptoms is imperative, along with knowledge of the epidemiology and microbiology of the disease. | 2013 | 23968225 |
| improvement rate of acute otitis media caused by haemophilus influenzae at 1 week is significantly associated with time to recovery. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common upper respiratory tract infection in childhood. children with aom were enrolled at tohoku rosai hospital between july 2006 and june 2011 if their middle ear fluid cultures after tympanocentesis yielded only haemophilus influenzae. the susceptibilities of the isolates to ampicillin were determined, and microtiter biofilm assays and invasion assays using beas-2b cells were performed. the association between these bacterial characteristics and clinical re ... | 2013 | 23966504 |
| assessment of immunogenicity and safety following primary and booster immunisation with a crm197 -conjugated haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in healthy chinese infants. | invasive meningitis and pneumonia caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is an important cause of childhood mortality in countries where hib vaccination is not routine. we evaluated the non-inferiority of a licensed hib vaccine, prp-crm(197) compared with a second licensed hib vaccine, prp-t, following the recommended chinese immunisation schedule for infants between 6 months and 1 year of age. | 2013 | 23964690 |
| [young patient with acute monolateral amaurosis]. | a 39-year-old patient presented with acute visual loss of the left eye. although the initial ophthalmological and neurological examinations were uneventful, magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed optic canal narrowing and compression of the optic nerve secondary to a prominent posteriorly misplaced ethmoidal cell (so-called onodi cell). endonasal ethmoidectomy with decompression of the infected onodi cell was performed. microbiological testing showed growth of haemophilus influenzae. despite ea ... | 2014 | 23958835 |
| heterozygous alterations of tnfrsf13b/taci in tonsillar hypertrophy and sarcoidosis. | tnfrsf13b/taci defects have been associated with cvid pathogenesis and/or phenotype, especially the development of benign lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. our purpose was to investigate the role of tnfrsf13b/taci defects in the pathogenesis of two common lymphoproliferative disorders, namely, sarcoidosis and tonsillar hypertrophy (th). 105 patients (71 with sarcoidosis and 34 with th, including 19 without infectious causative and 15 due to haemophilus influenzae) were analyzed for tnfrsf13b ... | 2013 | 23956760 |
| pneumonia in low and middle income countries: progress and challenges. | pneumonia remains the leading cause of childhood mortality and the most common reason for adult hospitalisation in low and middle income countries, despite advances in preventative and management strategies. in the last decade, pneumonia mortality in children has fallen to approximately 1.3 million cases in 2011, with most deaths occurring in low income countries. important recent advances include more widespread implementation of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against haemophilus inf ... | 2013 | 23956020 |
| isolates of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae causing invasive infections in spain remain susceptible to cefotaxime and imipenem. | the epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae has changed in recent years. β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (blnar) invasive isolates have recently been described in europe but their clinical significance is unclear. our main goal was to determine whether invasive h. influenzae remains susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics indicated in the treatment of invasive infections. | 2014 | 23943391 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in healthy preschool children during winter-spring months. | the paper aimed to determine the incidence of colonization of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b and neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynges of healthy children in two preschool institutions during winter and spring months, without using antimicrobial treatment or serotyping of these bacteria. in addition to colonization of the above bacteria, the research that continued for 3 months monitored the length of their persistence in and disappearance f ... | 2013 | 23940983 |
| acute lower respiratory infections on lung sequelae in cambodia, a neglected disease in highly tuberculosis-endemic country. | little is known about post-infectious pulmonary sequelae in countries like cambodia where tuberculosis is hyper-endemic and childhood pulmonary infections are highly frequent. we describe the characteristics of hospitalized cambodian patients presenting with community-acquired acute lower respiratory infections (alri) on post-infectious pulmonary sequelae (alrips). | 2013 | 23937802 |
| identification of intracellular bacteria in adenoid and tonsil tissue specimens: the efficiency of culture versus fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). | monocyte/macrophage cells from human nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue can be a source of bacteria responsible for human chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. detection and characterization of pathogens surviving intracellularly could be a key element in bacteriological diagnosis of the infections as well as in the study on interactions between bacteria and their host. the present study was undertaken to assess the possibility of isolation of viable bacteria from the cells expres ... | 2014 | 23934353 |
| immune competence after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis. | to determine the immunocompetency of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with the lymphodepleting humanized monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab. | 2013 | 23925762 |
| review of phosphocholine substituents on bacterial pathogen glycans: synthesis, structures and interactions with host proteins. | among the non-carbohydrate components of glycans, the addition of phosphocholine (chop) to the glycans of pathogens occurs more rarely than acetylation or methylation, but it has far more potent biological consequences. these arise from chop's multiple interactions with host proteins, which are important at all stages of the infection process. these stages include initial adherence to cells, encountering the host's innate immune system and then the adaptive immune system. thus, in the initial st ... | 2013 | 23911414 |
| determination of the biofilm formation capacity of bacterial pathogens associated with otorhinolaryngologic diseases in the malaysian population. | this study aims to assess the association between microbial composition, biofilm formation and chronic otorhinolaryngologic disorders in malaysia. a total of 45 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic tonsillitis and chronic suppurative otitis media and 15 asymptomatic control patients were studied. swab samples were obtained from these subjects. samples were studied by conventional microbiological culturing, pcr-based microbial detection and confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). haem ... | 2014 | 23880921 |
| intraperitoneal inoculation of haemophilus influenzae local isolates in balb/c mice model in the presence and absence of virulence enhancement agents. | haemophilus influenzae (hi), predominantly type b accounts for approximately 4% of cases of community-acquired and nosocomial meningitis, in adults. the objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of local hi isolates (type b, f and non-typable) in balb/c mice in the presence of virulence enhancement agents. | 2013 | 23867671 |
| design and validation of a supragenome array for determination of the genomic content of haemophilus influenzae isolates. | haemophilus influenzae colonizes the human nasopharynx as a commensal, and is etiologically associated with numerous opportunistic infections of the airway; it is also less commonly associated with invasive disease. clinical isolates of h. influenzae display extensive genomic diversity and plasticity. the development of strategies to successfully prevent, diagnose and treat h. influenzae infections depends on tools to ascertain the gene content of individual isolates. | 2013 | 23865594 |
| staphylococcal ecb protein and host complement regulator factor h enhance functions of each other in bacterial immune evasion. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing more than a tenth of all septicemia cases and often superficial and deep infections in various tissues. one of the immune evasion strategies of s. aureus is to secrete proteins that bind to the central complement opsonin c3b. one of these, extracellular complement binding protein (ecb), is known to interfere directly with functions of c3b. because c3b is also the target of the physiological plasma complement regulator, factor h (fh), we stu ... | 2013 | 23863906 |
| backbone 1h, 13c and 15n assignments of yibk and avariant containing a unique cysteine residue at c-terminus in 8 m urea-denatured states [corrected]. | yibk is a trna methyltransferase from haemophilus influenzae, which forms a stable homodimer in solution and contains a deep trefoil 31 knot encompassing the c-terminal helix that threads through a long loop. it has been a model system for investigating knotted protein folding pathways. recent data have shown that the polypeptide chain of yibk remains loosely knotted under highly denaturing conditions. here, we report (1)h, (13)c and (15)n chemical shift assignments for yibk and its variant in t ... | 2014 | 23853076 |
| the effect of rituximab on vaccine responses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. | b-cell depletion may impair vaccine responses and increase infection risk in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (itp). we investigated the effects of rituximab on antibody and cellular responses to streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines in itp patients. of 60 patients in the main trial, 24 patients received both vaccines 6 months after rituximab (n = 17) or placebo (n = 7). among 20 evaluable patients, 3 of 14 (21%) in the rituximab group and ... | 2013 | 23851398 |
| ten years of experience with the pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine in children. | in children, pneumococcus became the predominant infectious agent, after the routine use of the hib conjugate vaccine dramatically decreased haemophilus influenzae type b prevalence. the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections (ipi) and of non-invasive infections due to vaccine serotypes (vs) decreased by 80% in europe along with a 30-40% decrease in the global incidence of ipi in this age group, after the implementation of prevenar 7(®) routine immunization in children below 2 years of ag ... | 2013 | 23845250 |
| mixed pneumococcal-nontypeable haemophilus influenzae otitis media is a distinct clinical entity with unique epidemiologic characteristics and pneumococcal serotype distribution. | complex (ie, recurrent, nonresponsive, or chronic) otitis media (om) is frequent and is often caused by a mixed-pathogen infection with biofilm formation. we conducted this study to characterize children with om due to mixed streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) infections (m-om) and those with om due to single, s. pneumoniae-only infections (s-om) and to examine whether pneumococcal serotypes associated with m-om differed from those associated with s-om. | 2013 | 23842949 |
| a randomized, controlled, blinded study of the safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine injected at different intramuscular sites in chinese infants. | to compare the safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine administered via the vastus lateralis and deltoid muscles, 320 healthy chinese infants<12 mo of age were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, blinded study and divided into 2 age groups: 2-5 mo and 6-12 mo. each age group was then randomized (1:1) to either the vastus lateralis (experimental) group who received hib vaccination into this muscle 2 or 3 times at monthly intervals, or the deltoid (cont ... | 2013 | 23842003 |
| recent mechanistic insights on glycoconjugate vaccines and future perspectives. | vaccination is a key strategy for the control of various infectious diseases. many pathogens, such as streptococcus pneumoniae , haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), and neisseria meningitidis produce on their surfaces dense and complex glycan structures, which represent an optimal target for eliciting carbohydrate specific antibodies able to confer protection against those bacteria. glycoconjugates represent nowadays an important class of efficacious and safe commercial vaccines. it has been kn ... | 2013 | 23841819 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae infection upregulates the nlrp3 inflammasome and leads to caspase-1-dependent secretion of interleukin-1β - a possible pathway of exacerbations in copd. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the most common cause for bacterial exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). recent investigations suggest the participation of the inflammasome in the pathomechanism of airway inflammation. the inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex important for early inflammatory responses, by processing interleukin-1β (il-1β) to its active form. | 2013 | 23840534 |
| a randomized, controlled trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a heptavalent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis b, poliomyelitis, hib and meningococcal serogroup c combination vaccine administered at 2, 3, 4 and 12-18 months of age. | combination vaccines offer protection against multiple diseases with fewer injections. this study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, poliomyelitis, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and meningococcal serogroup c (menc) heptavalent combination vaccine (heptavalent vaccine) given as 4 doses at 2, 3, 4 and 12-18 months of age. | 2013 | 23838777 |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in a previously healthy child. | | 2013 | 23838736 |
| immunization coverage against capsular bacteria in splenectomized patients. | splenectomy significantly increases the risk of severe invasive infections caused by capsular bacteria, such as sepsis and meningitis. immunizations before and after splenectomy reduce the risk and are routinely recommended. little is known about compliance with actual immunization guidelines in poland. the aim of this study was to analyze the vaccination rate and the knowledge of splenectomized patients concerning immunizations in poland. we applied a questionnaire to survey 85 adult patients ( ... | 2013 | 23835971 |
| revised recommendations for the prevention of secondary haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease. | | 2013 | 23831985 |
| impact of swimming on chronic suppurative otitis media in aboriginal children: a randomised controlled trial. | to measure the impact of 4 weeks of daily swimming on rates of ear discharge among aboriginal children with a tympanic membrane perforation (tmp) and on the microbiology of the nasopharynx and middle ear. | 2013 | 23829265 |
| epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | the recent series of reviews conducted within the global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhoea (gappd) addressed epidemiology of the two deadly diseases at the global and regional level; it also estimated the effectiveness of interventions, barriers to achieving high coverage and the main implications for health policy. the aim of this paper is to provide the estimates of childhood pneumonia at the country level. this should allow national policy-makers and stakeholders to implement proposed p ... | 2013 | 23826505 |
| hospitalizations for vaccine preventable pneumonias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a 6-year analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. | pneumonias are among the most common causes of hospitalization among inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients. guidelines published in 2004 advocate vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus. we sought to examine trends in hospitalizations for vaccine preventable pneumonias among ibd patients since the availability of published guidelines, and to identify whether haemophilus influenzae is a causative organism for pneumonia hospitalizations among ibd patients. | 2013 | 23818801 |
| effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines administered according to various schedules: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data. | conjugate vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) are widely used. the full implications of hib vaccination schedule for vaccine effectiveness (ve) are unclear. | 2013 | 23811746 |
| novel concepts in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a gram-negative microbe that frequently colonizes the human host without obvious signs of inflammation, but is also a frequent cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. accumulating data suggest that nthi can reside in biofilms during both colonization and infection. recent literature proposes roles for phosphorylcholine, sialic acid, bacterial dna, but also eukaryotic dna in the development ... | 2013 | 23808954 |
| induced sputum compared to bronchoalveolar lavage in young, non-expectorating cystic fibrosis children. | induced sputum (is) is feasible and safe in young cf children and is a readily accessible, non-invasive technique. however, it has not been compared to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), the gold standard for diagnosing lower airway infection. | 2014 | 23806622 |
| trivac decision-support model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. | the trivac decision support model has been used widely in latin america and other regions to help national teams evaluate the cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) and rotavirus vaccine (rv). we describe the structure and functioning of this model, and identify the parameters with the greatest influence on the results. the trivac model is a spreadsheet software program that calculates incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (icers) ... | 2013 | 23777686 |
| population-based incidence of invasive haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal diseases before the introduction of vaccines in japan. | before the introduction of vaccines, the incidence of bacterial meningitis among children aged 28 days to 5 years was 8.48, haemophilus influenzae type-b meningitis was 5.65 and streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis was 1.85 per 100,000 person-years in hokkaido, japan. the incidence of bacteremia caused by s. pneumoniae was 60.15 and h. influenzae was 18.80. | 2013 | 23804122 |
| "affect of anaerobiosis on the antibiotic susceptibility of h. influenzae". | haemophilus influenzae is a human-restricted facultative anaerobe which resides mostly in the oropharynx. the majority of isolates recovered from the throat are unencapsulated commensals (nthi), but depending on host susceptibility they cause bronchitis, otitis media and on occasion bacteremia and meningitis. because of the variable oxygen availability in the various niche permitting bacterium replication, the organism must thrive in well oxygenated surfaces, such as pharyngeal epithelium to ano ... | 2013 | 23803418 |
| immune responses in infants whose mothers received tdap vaccine during pregnancy. | the effect of maternal tdap vaccination on infant immunologic responses to routine pediatric vaccines is unknown. | 2013 | 23799518 |
| how french physicians manage with a future change in the primary vaccination of infants against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis? a qualitative study with focus groups. | as in other european countries, the french vaccination schedule changes according to epidemiological and socio-economic situations. further changes are planned for 2013, including the withdrawal of one dose for primary vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae. a partnership between the french technical vaccination committee and the french institute for health and medical research designed a study to assess primary care physicians' agreement about this ... | 2013 | 23782853 |
| mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis in children aged <5 years in pakistan. | significant neurodevelopmental sequelae are known to occur after acute bacterial meningitis (abm). this study determined the burden of such sequelae in pakistani children aged <5 years to guide policies for haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and pneumococcal vaccination. | 2013 | 23773600 |
| impact of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in mongolia: prospective population-based surveillance, 2002-2010. | bacterial meningitis is associated with high mortality and long-term complications. this study assessed the impact of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine on childhood bacterial meningitis in ulaanbaatar, mongolia. | 2013 | 23773599 |
| effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in young children in pakistan. | the effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine in preventing severe pneumonia in asian children has been questioned, and many large asian countries yet to introduce hib conjugate vaccine in immunization programs. the primary objective of this study was to assess hib conjugate vaccine effectiveness (ve) on radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in children born after introduction of hib conjugate vaccine in pakistan. | 2013 | 23773598 |
| impact of introduction of the haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine into childhood immunization on meningitis in bangladeshi infants. | some asian countries have been reluctant to adopt haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccination because of uncertainty over disease burden. we assessed the impact of introduction of hib conjugate vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in bangladesh on purulent and laboratory-confirmed h influenzae meningitis. | 2013 | 23773597 |
| impact and cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in india. | to estimate the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of nationwide haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccination in india. | 2013 | 23773596 |
| cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in low- and middle-income countries: regional analysis and assessment of major determinants. | to estimate the cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine in low- and middle-income countries and identify the model variables, which are most important for the result. | 2013 | 23773595 |
| follow-up of cases of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis to determine its long-term sequelae. | to measure physical and neurologic impact of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis on surviving children through short- and long-term follow-up. | 2013 | 23773594 |
| incidence of haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the gambia 14 years after introduction of routine haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine immunization. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine was first introduced in africa in the gambia in 1997 as a primary 3-dose course in infancy with no booster, and was followed by the disappearance of invasive hib disease by 2002. a cluster of cases detected non-systematically in post-infant children in 2005-2006 raised the question of the need for a booster dose. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of invasive hib disease in gambian children 14 years after the introduct ... | 2013 | 23773593 |
| incidence of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia and haemophilus influenzae type b carriage before haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine introduction in central vietnam. | to determine the incidence of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia (rcp) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) carriage in central vietnam as a baseline data before hib conjugate vaccine introduction. | 2013 | 23773592 |
| bacterial meningitis surveillance in the eastern mediterranean region, 2005-2010: successes and challenges of a regional network. | to describe epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the world health organization eastern mediterranean region countries and assist in introduction of new bacterial vaccines. | 2013 | 23773590 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b disease among children in rural mozambique: impact of vaccine introduction. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine has dramatically reduced invasive hib disease worldwide. yet, data on protection against pneumonia and among children with hiv are limited. we evaluated the impact of hib conjugate vaccine introduction in 2009 in a rural, high-hiv prevalence area in mozambique. | 2013 | 23773589 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine introduction against radiologically-confirmed hospitalized pneumonia in young children in ukraine. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine was included into the national vaccination schedule of ukraine in 2006. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of hib conjugate vaccine against radiologically-confirmed hospitalized pneumonia in children. | 2013 | 23773588 |
| progress towards demonstrating the impact of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines globally. | | 2013 | 23773587 |
| resistance to complement-mediated killing and igm binding to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae is not altered when ascending from the nasopharynx to the middle ears in children with otitis media. | we have previously found that non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) collected from the middle ear of children with otitis media (om) exhibit increased levels of complement resistance compared to nthi collected from the nasopharynx. however, it is unknown whether bacteria develop complement resistance in the middle ear, or whether resistance is present when residing in the nasopharynx. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the levels of complement resistance of isolates coll ... | 2013 | 23775521 |
| identification of haemophilus influenzae clones associated with invasive disease a decade after introduction of h. influenzae serotype b vaccination in italy. | the introduction of haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccines has changed the epidemiology of invasive h. influenzae disease, with a shift in the predominant serotype from hib to nonencapsulated h. influenzae (nchi). the objective of this study was to identify the genotypes/clones associated with invasive h. influenzae disease in italy. eighty-seven h. influenzae strains isolated in the years 2009 to 2011 within the national surveillance of invasive bacterial disease program wer ... | 2013 | 23761663 |
| clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children. | in taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited. | 2013 | 23757372 |
| cd4+ cd31+ recent thymic emigrants in chd7 haploinsufficiency (charge syndrome): a case. | lymphocyte counts <2000 cells/μl are associated with early death in infants with charge (coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies/deafness) syndrome and chd7 haploinsufficiency. absence of recent thymic emigrants is also accompanied by an omenn-like syndrome and infant death in chd7 haploinsufficiency. studies positively identifying recent thymic emigrants, in relation to chd7 haploinsufficiency, are non-existent. thirty two mont ... | 2013 | 23747993 |
| [investigation of the sudden infant death syndrome: a multidisciplinary approach is required]. | the concept of sudden infant death syndrome (sids) is defined as the sudden, unexpected death of an infant less than a year old which remains unexplained after in-depth investigations comprising a complete autopsy, biological analyses, and a clinical examination of the circumstances surrounding the death. this definition underlines the importance of finding the cause of this disease in order to improve preventative measures to reduce the number of deaths due to sudden infant death syndrome. amon ... | 2013 | 23747667 |