| clinical significance and characterization of haemophilus influenzae type b genogroup isolates from urine samples in an adult male population. | the occurrence and significance of haemophilus spp. isolated from the genitourinary tract are not well known. herein, we describe the clinical significance and characteristics of haemophilus influenzae type b genogroup strains isolated from genitourinary tract specimens from an adult male veteran patient population and, in particular, their associations with prostatitis and epididymitis. | 2014 | 24599984 |
| a review of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in the indigenous populations of north america. | historically, the highest incidence rates of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in the world were found in north american and australian indigenous children. although immunization against h. influenzae type b (hib) led to a marked decrease in invasive hib disease in countries where it was implemented, this disease has not been eliminated and its rates in indigenous communities remain higher than in the general north american population. in this literature review, we examined the epidemiolog ... | 2014 | 24598220 |
| a novel microbiota stratification system predicts future exacerbations in bronchiectasis. | although airway microbiota composition correlates with clinical measures in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, these data are unlikely to provide useful prognostic information at the individual patient level. a system enabling microbiota data to be applied clinically would represent a substantial translational advance. | 2014 | 24592925 |
| ciliated cultures from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia produce nitric oxide in response to haemophilus influenzae infection and proinflammatory cytokines. | | 2014 | 24590042 |
| selection for phase variation of los biosynthetic genes frequently occurs in progression of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae infection from the nasopharynx to the middle ear of human patients. | surface structures in haemophilus influenzae are subject to rapid on/off switching of expression, a process termed phase variation. we analyse tetranucleotide repeats controlling phase variation in lipo-oligosaccharide (los) genes of h. influenzae in paired isolates from both the nasopharynx and middle ears of paediatric patients with chronic or recurrent otitis media. a change in expression of at least one of the seven phase variable los biosynthesis genes was seen in 12 of the 21 strain pairs. ... | 2014 | 24587383 |
| changes in nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis among healthy children attending a day-care centre before and after official financial support for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and h. influenzae type b vaccine in japan. | the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type bacteria, which may in turn influence the presence of other nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens. to investigate this possibility, nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens was examined before and after official financial support was provided to offer the pcv7 and hib vaccines in healthy children attending a day care centre in japan during 2011-2012 ... | 2014 | 24582389 |
| the informed consent in southern italy does not adequately inform parents about infant vaccination. | vaccination centres in the campania region, southern italy, vaccinate children with a hexavalent vaccine that contains the mandatory vaccines diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and viral hepatitis b. this vaccine also includes two non-mandatory vaccines, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b. information about these optional vaccines should be communicated to the parents, and informed consent should be obtained from parents before vaccination. we explored whether informed consent was deli ... | 2014 | 24580773 |
| in replay: ciliated cultures from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia produce nitric oxide in response to haemophilus influenzae infection and proinflammatory cytokines. | | 2014 | 27845649 |
| prevention and control of haemophilus influenzae type b disease: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | this report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding prevention and control of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease in the united states. as a comprehensive summary of previously published recommendations, this report does not contain any new recommendations; it is intended for use by clinicians, public health officials, vaccination providers, and immunization program personnel as a resource. acip recommends routi ... | 2014 | 24572654 |
| the epidemiology and aetiology of infections in children admitted with clinical severe pneumonia to a university hospital in rabat, morocco. | scarce and limited epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data are available regarding paediatric respiratory tract infections in the kingdom of morocco, a middle-income country in northwestern africa. the results of hospital-based surveillance aiming at describing the aetiology and epidemiology of respiratory distress among children <5 years of age are presented. | 2014 | 24570343 |
| live vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella and the risk of hospital admissions for nontargeted infections. | in low-income countries, live measles vaccine reduces mortality from causes other than measles infection. such nonspecific effects of vaccines might also be important for the health of children in high-income settings. | 2014 | 24570246 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b protein conjugate vaccines in very low birth weight infants. | | 2013 | 24569312 |
| extensive cotransformation of natural variation into chromosomes of naturally competent haemophilus influenzae. | naturally competent bacterial species actively take up environmental dna and can incorporate it into their chromosomes by homologous recombination. this can bring genetic variation from environmental dna to recipient chromosomes, often in multiple long "donor" segments. here, we report the results of genome sequencing 96 colonies of a laboratory haemophilus influenzae strain, which had been experimentally transformed by dna from a diverged clinical isolate. donor segments averaged 6.9 kb (spanni ... | 2014 | 24569039 |
| high cost is the primary barrier reported by physicians who prescribe vaccines not included in india's universal immunization program. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) and rotavirus (rv) vaccine are available in the private market in india, but, except for hib in eight states, are not included in india's universal immunization program (uip). pediatricians were surveyed about administering non-uip vaccines. most give these vaccines to some of their patients (73-83%, depending on vaccine), but few give them to all patients (7-18%). high cost was the most frequently cited barrier (9 ... | 2014 | 24567310 |
| the effect of haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood meningitis mortality: a systematic review. | two of the most prevalent causes of severe bacterial meningitis in children, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and streptococcus pneumoniae, are preventable by existing vaccines increasingly available in developing countries. our objective was to estimate the dose-specific effect of hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcv) on childhood meningitis mortality in low-income countries for use in the lives saved tool (list). | 2013 | 24564188 |
| the relationship between biofilm formations and capsule in haemophilus influenzae. | to evaluate the biofilm formation of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and h. influenzae type b (hib) clinical isolates, we conducted the following study. serotyping and polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify β-lactamase-negative ampicillin (abpc)-susceptible (blnas), β-lactamase-negative abpc-resistant (blnar), tem-1 type β-lactamase-producing abpc-resistant (blpar)-nthi, and hib. biofilm formation was investigated by microtiter biofilm assay, as well as visually observat ... | 2014 | 24560562 |
| use of vaccines as probes to define disease burden. | vaccine probe studies have emerged in the past 15 years as a useful way to characterise disease. by contrast, traditional studies of vaccines focus on defining the vaccine effectiveness or efficacy. the underlying basis for the vaccine probe approach is that the difference in disease burden between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals can be ascribed to the vaccine-specific pathogen. vaccine probe studies can increase understanding of a vaccine's public health value. for instance, even when a ... | 2014 | 24553294 |
| diversion of the host humoral response: a novel virulence mechanism of haemophilus influenzae mediated via outer membrane vesicles. | the respiratory tract pathogen haemophilus influenzae frequently causes infections in humans. in parallel with all gram-negative bacteria, h. influenzae has the capacity to release omv. the production of these nanoparticles is an intriguing and partly unexplored phenomenon in pathogenesis. here, we investigated how purified human peripheral blood b lymphocytes respond to omv derived from unencapsulated, i.e., nthi and the nonpathogenic haemophilus parainfluenzae. we found that h. influenzae omv ... | 2014 | 24550522 |
| a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) for quantitation of igg against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are pathogens commonly associated with infectious diseases in childhood. this study aimed to develop a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) using recombinant proteins for the quantitation of serum igg antibodies against these bacteria. eight pneumococcal proteins (ply, cbpa, pspa1, pspa2, pcpa, phtd, sp1732-3 and sp2216-1), 3 proteins of h. influenzae (nthi protein d, nthi0371-1, nthi0830), and 5 protein ... | 2014 | 24530690 |
| effects of cigarette smoke on toll-like receptor (tlr) activation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) macrophages. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by an abnormal innate immune response. we have investigated the changes in the innate immune response of copd alveolar macrophages exposed to both cigarette smoke and toll-like receptor (tlr) stimulation. copd and control alveolar macrophages were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (cse) followed by tlr-2, -4 and -5 ligands [pam3csk4, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and phase i flagellin (flic), respectively] or non-typeable haemophilus infl ... | 2014 | 24528166 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling for concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of a bicyclolide, modithromycin. | the aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic (pk)/pharmacodynamic (pd) model of a bicyclolide, modithromycin, to explain its concentration-dependent bactericidal activity based on the drug-bacterium interaction model that we developed. we have already reported the applicability of model to the time-dependent activity of β-lactams, and we further applied the model to the concentration-dependent activity in this study. in vitro time-kill data of modithromycin, telithromycin, and clarithr ... | 2014 | 24523230 |
| [haemophilus influenzae]. | | 2013 | 24522312 |
| molecular insights of co-trimoxazole resistance genes in haemophilus influenzae isolated in malaysia. | in the last few decades, co-trimoxazole (sxt), an antibacterial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, has been used for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection due to haemophilus influenzae. the usage of this antibiotic has become less important due to emergence of sxt-resistant strains worldwide. most reports associate sxt resistance to the presence of variants of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) dfra genes which are responsible for trimethoprim resistance; while the sulfametho ... | 2013 | 24522126 |
| costs of vaccine delivery in the gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions. | the gambia introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) in august 2009 and switched to 13-valent pcv in april 2011. in april 2009 monovalent hepatitis b and combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines were transitioned to a combined pentavalent vaccine. the current schedule offers three doses of pcv and pentavalent, and continues to give children monovalent hepatitis b vaccine at birth. we estimated the overall costs of the gambian immunisatio ... | 2014 | 24503271 |
| the impact of respiratory tract infections on the nutritional state of children with cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a life-shortening, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intestinal malabsorption, impaired growth and lung disease. recurrent pulmonary infections in children with cf are often associated with nutritional deficiencies. | 2014 | 24502062 |
| diversity of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae strains colonizing australian aboriginal and non-aboriginal children. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) strains are responsible for respiratory-related infections which cause a significant burden of disease in australian children. we previously identified a disparity in nthi culture-defined carriage rates between aboriginal and non-aboriginal children (42% versus 11%). the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to accurately determine the true nthi carriage rates (excluding other culture-identical haemophilus spp.) and assess whether the nthi st ... | 2014 | 24501028 |
| combined exposure to cigarette smoke and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae drives development of a copd phenotype in mice. | cigarette smoke (cs) is the major etiologic factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). cs-exposed mice develop emphysema and mild pulmonary inflammation but no airway obstruction, which is also a prominent feature of copd. therefore, cs may interact with other factors, particularly respiratory infections, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in copd. | 2014 | 24495712 |
| multiple mycotic aneurysms infected with haemophilus influenzae. | mycotic aneurysms are a relatively uncommon phenomenon that can pose a distinct treatment dilemma for the treating surgeon. it is rare to find haemophilus influenzae as the causative organism, and it is even more rare to find multiple aneurysms in the same patient. we present the first case to our knowledge to be described in the literature of multiple mycotic aneurysms caused by h. influenzae. the treatment presented-using high-dose antibiotics and cryopreserved homografts-has worked well in th ... | 2014 | 24495332 |
| changes in hospitalizations for pneumonia after universal vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7/13 valent and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in a pediatric referral hospital in uruguay. | in 1994, uruguay included haemophilus influenzae b (hib) conjugated vaccine in a 3 + 1 schedule. in march 2008, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcv7) was included in a 2 +1 schedule. in 2010, 13-valent pcv replaced pcv7. catch-up immunization was offered. the aim of this study was to describe the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children 0-14 years of age hospitalized at the hospital pediatrico-centro hospitalario pereira rossell between 2003 and 2012. | 2014 | 24492286 |
| carrier priming or suppression: understanding carrier priming enhancement of anti-polysaccharide antibody response to conjugate vaccines. | with the availability of newer conjugate vaccines, immunization schedules have become increasingly complex due to the potential for unpredictable immunologic interference such as 'carrier priming' and 'carrier induced epitopic suppression'. carrier priming refers to an augmented antibody response to a carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate vaccine in an individual previously primed with the carrier protein. this review aims to provide a critical evaluation of the available data on carrier prim ... | 2014 | 24492014 |
| meningitis due to haemophilus influenzae type f. | with the decline in the rate of infections caused by haemophilus influenzae serotype b since the widespread vaccination, non-b serotypes should be considered as potential pathogenic agents in children with invasive disease younger than 5 years old. we report the case of an immunocompetent 1-year-old boy with haemophilus influenzae type f meningitis. the agent was identified in cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures. serotyping was performed by tests using polyclonal sera and confirmed by polymer ... | 2013 | 24488395 |
| a molecular analysis of quinolone-resistant haemophilus influenzae: validation of the mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions. | the mechanism of quinolone-resistance is considered to be amino acid mutations in the type ii topoisomerase. we validated the genetic mechanisms of quinolone resistance in haemophilus influenzae. we obtained 29 h. influenzae strains from a nationwide surveillance program in japan (including 11 quinolone-resistant strains [moxifloxacin: mflx or levofloxacin mic ≥2 μg/ml]). we analyzed the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) in gyra, gyrb, parc and pare. furthermore, ... | 2014 | 24480551 |
| five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in rochester, ny: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection. | during a 5-year prospective study of nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and acute otitis media (aom) infections in children during the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) era (july 2006-june 2011) we studied risk factors for np colonization and aom. np samples were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months during well-child visits. additionally, np and middle ear fluid (mef) samples were collected at onset of every aom episode. from 1825 visits (n = 464 children), 5301 np and ... | 2014 | 24480055 |
| contradiction between in vitro and clinical outcome: intravenous followed by oral azithromycin therapy demonstrated clinical efficacy in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia. | we conducted a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 trial of azithromycin-intravenous therapy followed by oral administration in japanese adults to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety against community-acquired pneumonia in order to obtain regulatory approval for the intravenous formulation in japan. azithromycin (500 mg, once daily) was intravenously administered for 2-5 days followed by oral 500 mg once daily administration to complete a total of 7-10 days treatment in 102 adults ... | 2014 | 24477328 |
| study of adverse events following immunisation with universal and newer vaccines in the serampore ima child clinic over a period of 7 years. | immunisation is an important part of childcare practice. it is one of the most beneficial and cost effective measures for the prevention of diseases. from the previous retrospective studies, it was evident that smallpox has been completely eradicated throughout now-a-days with the wholehearted and sincere efforts of healthcare providers by applying efficient and safe vaccine against smallpox, same is true also to polio which is now close to worldwide eradication and measles and rubella are no lo ... | 2013 | 24475552 |
| effect of hiv-1 exposure and antiretroviral treatment strategies in hiv-infected children on immunogenicity of vaccines during infancy. | we studied the effect of maternal hiv-exposure and timing of antiretroviral treatment (art) in hiv-infected infants on antibody responses to combined diphtheria-toxoid-tetanus-toxoid-whole cell pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (hibcv) and monovalent hepatitis b vaccine (hbv). | 2014 | 24468996 |
| immunogenicity, impact on carriage and reactogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine in kenyan children aged 1-4 years: a randomized controlled trial. | the impact on carriage and optimal schedule for primary vaccination of older children with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein-d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) are unknown. | 2014 | 24465570 |
| the seroepidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b prior to introduction of an immunization programme in kathmandu, nepal. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is now recognized as an important pathogen in asia. to evaluate disease susceptibility, and as a marker of hib transmission before routine immunization was introduced in kathmandu, 71 participants aged 7 months-77 years were recruited and 15 cord blood samples were collected for analysis of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. only 20% of children under 5 years old had levels considered protective (>0.15 µg/ml ... | 2014 | 24465475 |
| inhibitory effect of n-ethyl-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide on haemophilus spp. planktonic or biofilm-forming cells. | during this study, we have investigated in vitro activity of n-substituted-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives with n-ethyl, n-(4-metoxyphenyl) and n-cyclohexyl substituents against gram-negative haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae bacteria. a spectrophotometric assay was used in order to determine the bacterial growth and biofilm formation using a microtiter plate to estimate minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal biofilm inhibitory c ... | 2014 | 24465123 |
| impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media bacteriology. | to determine the microbiology of otitis media (om) since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) in february 2010. | 2014 | 24461461 |
| hexavalent vaccines for immunization in paediatric age. | despite the potential for protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, the availability of an increased number of effective vaccines could lead to a significant reduction in vaccination coverage as the result of issues with implementation of new vaccines within existing protocols. to overcome these problems, the development of combined vaccines has been promoted. the use of combined vaccines offers a number of potential benefits, including a reduction in the number of patient visits, reduce ... | 2014 | 24460910 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial interactions in children. | | 2014 | 24447582 |
| pediatric invasive haemophilus influenzae infections in israel in the era of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: a nationwide prospective study. | the conjugated haemophilus influenzae (hi) type b vaccine caused a marked decrease in invasive hi disease rates. nonencapsulated hi infection now constitutes most invasive hi morbidity and mortality. this study examines invasive hi infection incidence in israel in the postvaccine era years, 2003-2012, and characterizes the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and case fatality rates of invasive hi disease in children <15 years of age. | 2014 | 24445822 |
| understanding nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | bacteria are frequently implicated in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but their influence on airway inflammation remains unclear. this review will focus on nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), its impact on host immune responses, and the potential for vaccination strategies in copd. | 2014 | 24441573 |
| acute otitis media. | one in 4 children will have at least 1 episode of acute otitis media (aom) by age 10 years. aom results from infection of fluid that has become trapped in the middle ear. the bacteria that most often cause aom are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. differentiating aom from otitis media with effusion (ome) is a critical skill for physicians, as accurate diagnosis will guide appropriate treatment of these conditions. although fluid is present in the middle ... | 2014 | 24439877 |
| isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of altersolanol p using staphylococcus aureus fitness test based genome-wide screening. | bacteria continue to evade existing antibiotics by acquiring resistance by various mechanisms, leading to loss of antibiotic effectiveness. to avoid an epidemic from infections of incurable drug-resistant bacteria, new antibiotics with new modes of action are desperately needed. using a genome-wide mechanism of action-guided whole cell screening approach based on antisense staphylococcus aureus fitness test technology, we report herein the discovery of altersolanol p (1), a new tetrahydroanthraq ... | 2014 | 24428261 |
| bacterial colonization increases daily symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | respiratory pathogens are frequently isolated from the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in the absence of an exacerbation. this bacterial "colonization" by potential pathogens is associated with host inflammatory and immune responses, which could increase respiratory symptoms. | 2014 | 24423399 |
| azithromycin analogue csy0073 attenuates lung inflammation induced by lps challenge. | azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. long-term azithromycin therapy in patients with chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis has been associated with increased antimicrobial resistance, emergence of hypermutable strains, ototoxicity and cardiac toxicity. the aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the non-antibiotic azithromycin derivative csy0073. | 2014 | 24417187 |
| the effect of antimicrobial use on nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | | 2014 | 24413412 |
| haemophilus influenzae serotype a septic arthritis in an immunized central australian indigenous child. | this article describes a notable case of haemophilus influenzae serotype a (hia) septic arthritis in an immunized central australian indigenous child. since the widespread immunization for h. influenzae serotype b (hib) in many indigenous peoples worldwide, there has been an increase in reported cases of hia, postulating that this serotype is taking over the niche that hib once occupied in indigenous populations. | 2014 | 24412315 |
| vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in aboriginal and torres strait islander people, australia 2006-2010. | this report outlines the major positive impacts of vaccines on the health of aboriginal and torres strait islander people from 2007 to 2010, as well as highlighting areas that require further attention. hepatitis a disease is now less common in aboriginal and torres strait islander children than in their non-indigenous counterparts. hepatitis a vaccination for aboriginal and torres strait islander children was introduced in 2005 in the high incidence jurisdictions of the northern territory, quee ... | 2013 | 24410428 |
| factors affecting loss of tympanic membrane mobility in acute otitis media model of chinchilla. | recently we reported that middle ear pressure (mep), middle ear effusion (mee), and ossicular changes each contribute to the loss of tympanic membrane (tm) mobility in a guinea pig model of acute otitis media (aom) induced by streptococcus pneumoniae (guan and gan, 2013). however, it is not clear how those factors vary along the course of the disease and whether those effects are reproducible in different species. in this study, a chinchilla aom model was produced by transbullar injection of hae ... | 2014 | 24406734 |
| long-term persistence of immunity and b-cell memory following haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in early childhood and response to booster. | protection against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), a rapidly invading encapsulated bacteria, is dependent on maintenance of an adequate level of serum antibody through early childhood. in many countries, hib vaccine booster doses have been implemented after infant immunization to sustain immunity. we investigated the long-term persistence of antibody and immunological memory in primary-school children following infant (with or without booster) hib vaccination. | 2014 | 24403544 |
| cell vacuolation induced by haemophilus influenzae supernatants in hep-2 cells. | haemophilus influenzae belongs to respiratory tract microbiota. we observed vacuoles formation in previous studies with h. influenzae culture supernatants, so in this work we characterised that cytotoxic effect. we observed an abundant production of acidic cytoplasmic vacuoles due to the presence of a "vacuolating factor" in h. influenzae supernatants which was characterised as thermolabile. greatest vacuolating activity was observed when utilizing the fraction > 50 kda. the presence of a large ... | 2013 | 24402145 |
| [surveillance of haemophilus influenzae serotypes in argentina from 2005 to 2010 during the haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine era]. | the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in the immunization programs of many countries has greatly reduced this invasive disease and the carriage caused by this serotype, also increasing other capsular types and non-capsular isolations. there were 313 isolations of h. influenzae under study, which were recovered from a sterile site coming from pediatric and adult patients carrying the invasive disease. patients were treated at 90 different hospitals belonging to the red nac ... | 2014 | 24401777 |
| [immunization practices for workers. update recommendations]. | infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the workplace. worker vaccination against a number of infectious diseases is considered the most effective strategy of primary prevention to control them. | 2013 | 24399343 |
| estimation of the herd protection of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine against radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children under 2 years old in dhaka, bangladesh. | herd protection of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine has been associated with excessive decrease of invasive hib diseases, i.e., pneumonia and meningitis, with increased national or regional hib vaccine coverage. only a few studies have examined herd protection at the individual level and even less evidence is available from asia. we examined hib vaccine herd protection against radiologically confirmed pneumonia among children less than 2 years old. | 2014 | 24397901 |
| complications of adenotonsillectomy: a case report of meningitis due to dual infection with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, and a prospective study of the rate of postoperative bacteremia. | bacterial meningitis is a rare complication of adenotonsillectomy. we present a case of meningitis due to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae after adenotonsillectomy. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indicated that the oral cavity was the source of h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. blood culture study: as bacteremia is thought to be one of the etiologies of meningitis, we prospectively investigated the rate of bacteremia ... | 2013 | 24396981 |
| bacteremia and empyema caused by shewanella algae in a trauma patient. | to describe the first reported case of bacteremia and empyema caused by shewanella algae and summarize the existing literature on shewanella human infection. | 2014 | 24396089 |
| the case for and against initiating either hydroxyurea therapy, blood transfusion therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant in asymptomatic children with sickle cell disease. | the perception of an asymptomatic sickle cell disease (scd) state is a misnomer. children without overt symptoms, likely have subclinical disease beginning in infancy with progression into adulthood. predictive models of scd severity are unable to predict a subgroup of asymptomatic children likely to develop severe scd. the introduction of penicillin prophylaxis, conjugated pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines have dramatically decreased the rate of life-threatening infections ... | 2014 | 24392871 |
| purulent pericarditis caused by haemophilus parainfluenzae. | bacterial pericarditis is a rare disease in the era of antibiotics. purulent pericarditis is most often caused by staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, or haemophilus influenzae. the number of h. parainfluenzae infections has been increasing; in rare cases, it has caused endocarditis. we report a case of purulent pericarditis caused by h. parainfluenzae in a 62-year-old woman who reported a recent upper respiratory tract infection. the patient presented with signs and symptoms of peri ... | 2013 | 24391338 |
| comparison of transcription of the haemophilus influenzae iron/heme modulon genes in vitro and in vivo in the chinchilla middle ear. | haemophilus influenzae is a significant cause of childhood otitis media, and also has an absolute growth requirement for heme. recent microarray studies using three h. influenzae isolates were used to propose a putative core of genes responsive to iron and heme levels. included in the core modulon were thirty seven genes that are preferentially expressed under iron/heme limitation, most of which are directly involved with iron and or heme acquisition. in this report, the core iron/heme modulon w ... | 2013 | 24373462 |
| in silico study on penicillin derivatives and cephalosporins for upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. | upper respiratory tract infection (urti) is an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, tonsils and pharynx. urt infections are caused mainly by pathogenic bacteria like streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus. conventionally, β-lactam antibiotics are used to treat urt infections. penicillin binding proteins (pbps) catalyze the cell wall synthesis in bacteria. β-lactam antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems an ... | 2014 | 28324428 |
| meningitis in a school-aged child due to haemophilus influenzae type e during the post-conjugate vaccine era-monroe county, ny, 2011. | in late october 2011, the monroe county department of public health (mcdph) was notified of a suspected case of meningitis in a 9-year old girl from monroe county, ny. laboratory testing at the new york state department of health (nysdoh) wadsworth center confirmed the identification of haemophilus influenzae serotype e (hie) isolated from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (csf) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the universal immunization of infants with conjugate h. influenzae ... | 2014 | 26344469 |
| distal nf-kb binding motif functions as an enhancer for nontypeable h. influenzae-induced defb4 regulation in epithelial cells. | among the antimicrobial molecules produced by epithelial cells, defb4 is inducible in response to proinflammatory signals such as cytokines and bacterial molecules. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an important human pathogen that exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult and causes otitis media and sinusitis in children. previously, we have demonstrated that defb4 effectively kills nthi and is induced by nthi via tlr2 signaling. the 5'-flanking region of defb4 conta ... | 2014 | 24368180 |
| ultrasound imaging and characterization of biofilms based on wavelet de-noised radiofrequency data. | the ability to non-invasively image and characterize bacterial biofilms in children during nasopharyngeal colonization with potential otopathogens and during acute otitis media would represent a significant advance. we sought to determine if quantitative high-frequency ultrasound techniques could be used to achieve that goal. systematic time studies of bacterial biofilm formation were performed on three preparations of an isolated haemophilus influenzae (nthi) strain, a streptococcus pneumoniae ... | 2014 | 24361221 |
| [antibiotherapy of severe ent infections in children: propositions of the french group of pediatric infectious diseases (pid) of the french society of pediatrics]. | the french group of pediatric infectious diseases (pid) of the french society of pediatrics found necessary to issue in 2011 therapeutic proposals concerning antibiotic treatment in severe ent infections in children (acute mastoiditis, severe sinusitis, peripharyngeal abscess). they took into account, for each clinical situation, published studies and existing guidelines, the most frequently encountered bacterial species, their usual sensitivity to antibiotics, their pharmacokinetic and pharmaco ... | 2013 | 24360297 |
| safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) in nigerian children: booster dose and 2-dose catch-up regimens in the second year of life. | in a previous study, 3-dose primary vaccination of nigerian infants with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) was immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes, with comparable tolerability between phid-cv and control groups. in an open-label study (clinicaltrials.gov, nct01153893), 68 primed children received a phid-cv booster dose co-administered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtpa) booster dose at 15-21 months and ... | 2014 | 24356787 |
| menhibrix: a new combination meningococcal vaccine for infants and toddlers. | to review the immunogenicity and safety of the haemophilus influenzae type b-neisseria meningitidis serogroups c and y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hib-mency-tt) for infants and toddlers. | 2014 | 24353263 |
| molecular epidemiology of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae causing community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an opportunistic pathogen which causes a variety of respiratory infections. the objectives of the study were to determine its antimicrobial susceptibility, to characterize the β-lactam resistance, and to establish a genetic characterization of nthi isolates. ninety-five nthi isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi locus sequence typing (mlst). antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by microdilution, and the fts ... | 2013 | 24349303 |
| post-licensure rapid immunization safety monitoring program (prism) data characterization. | the post-licensure rapid immunization safety monitoring (prism) program is the immunization safety monitoring component of fda's mini-sentinel project, a program to actively monitor the safety of medical products using electronic health information. fda sought to assess the surveillance capabilities of this large claims-based distributed database for vaccine safety surveillance by characterizing the underlying data. | 2013 | 24331080 |
| a longitudinal analysis of the effect of nonmedical exemption law and vaccine uptake on vaccine-targeted disease rates. | we assessed how nonmedical exemption (nme) laws and annual uptake of vaccines required for school or daycare entry affect annual incidence rates for 5 vaccine-targeted diseases: pertussis, measles, mumps, haemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis b. | 2014 | 24328666 |
| immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae invasive infections. | immunoglobulin (ig) deficiency is a well-known risk factor for streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae infections and noteworthy invasive diseases. however, the proportion of these deficiencies in cases of invasive disease is unknown. the objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of ig deficiency in cases of invasive disease. | 2014 | 24326288 |
| maternal supplementation with lgg reduces vaccine-specific immune responses in infants at high-risk of developing allergic disease. | probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. among their pleiotropic effects, inhibition of pathogen colonization at the mucosal surface as well as modulation of immune responses are widely recognized as the principal biological activities of probiotic bacteria. in recent times, the immune effects of probiotics have led to their application as vaccine adjuvants, offering a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy ... | 2013 | 24324465 |
| risk factors and pathogens involved in early ventilator-acquired pneumonia in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. | ventilator-acquired pneumonia (vap) is a common burden in intensive care unit (icu) patients, but, to date, specific data are not available in patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah). a single neuro-icu retrospective analysis of 193 patients with sah requiring mechanical ventilation (mv) ≥48 h admitted from january 2005 to may 2010 was undertaken. the diagnosis of early vap was prospectively upheld during a multidisciplinary staff meeting, according to the american thoracic ... | 2014 | 24322991 |
| routine childhood vaccination programme coverage, el salvador, 2011-in search of timeliness. | while assessing immunization programmes, not only vaccination coverage is important, but also timely receipt of vaccines. we estimated both vaccination coverage and timeliness, as well as reasons for non-vaccination, and identified predictors of delayed or missed vaccination, for vaccines of the first two years of age, in el salvador. we conducted a cluster survey among children aged 23-59 months. caregivers were interviewed about the child immunization status and their attitudes towards immuniz ... | 2014 | 24315884 |
| parent and provider perspectives on immunization: are providers overestimating parental concerns? | data are limited on whether providers understand parental attitudes to recommended childhood immunizations. we determined parental attitudes and assessed how accurately providers estimated parental opinions. | 2014 | 24315883 |
| [regulation of expression, function, and inflammatory responses of innate immune receptor toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2) during inflammatory responses against infection]. | toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2) is one of the important innate immune receptors that play an important role in recognizing the pathogens and producing inflammatory cytokines. in this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of expression, function and inflammatory responses of tlr2 during pathogenic infection in innate immune cells. we first showed that nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), an important human pathogen that exacerbates otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases ... | 2013 | 24292189 |
| [rapid identification of meningitis due to bacterial pathogens]. | we constructed a new real-time pcr method to detect causative pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patient due to bacterial meningitis. the eight pathogens targeted in the pcr are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aurues, neisseria meningitides, listeria monocytogenes, esherichia coli, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. the total time from dna extraction from csf to pcr analysis was 1.5 hour. the pathogens were detected in 72% of the csf sa ... | 2013 | 24291923 |
| effect of pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10) on outpatient antimicrobial purchases: a double-blind, cluster randomised phase 3-4 trial. | antimicrobial drugs are frequently prescribed to children for respiratory tract infections such as otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. we assessed the effect of the ten-valent pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10; glaxosmithkline) on antimicrobial purchases. | 2014 | 24287186 |
| absence of an important vaccine and diagnostic target in carriage- and disease-related nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi)-associated disease is a major health problem globally. whole-genome sequence analysis identified the absence of hpd genes encoding haemophilus protein d in 3 of 16 phylogenetically distinct nthi isolates. this novel finding is of potential clinical significance, as protein d and hpd represent important nthi vaccine antigen and diagnostic targets, respectively. | 2014 | 24285816 |
| disinfection of rigid nasal endoscopes following in vitro contamination with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae. | | 2013 | 24274231 |
| acute bacterial meningitis among children admitted into an iranian referral children's hospital. | bacterial meningitis is a serious threat to global health, particularly in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the etiological agents of acute bacterial meningitis, its clinical features, and antibacterial susceptibility among iranian children who were admitted to a referral regional children's hospital. laboratory data as well as symptoms and signs on admission, organism identification and antibiotic susceptibility results, physical examination findings, and neurologic ... | 2013 | 24270138 |
| haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of serious invasive infections. | haemophilus influenzae, particularly h influenzae serotype b (hib), is an important pathogen that causes serious diseases like meningitis and septicaemia. since the introduction of hib conjugate vaccines in the 1990s, the epidemiology of invasive h influenzae disease has changed substantially, with most infections now caused by non-hib strains. we discuss the importance of h influenzae serotype a (hia) as a cause of serious morbidity and mortality and its global epidemiology, clinical presentati ... | 2014 | 24268829 |
| characteristics and outcomes of acute otitis media in children carrying streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae in their nasopharynx as a single otopathogen after introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | after pcv7 implementation, clinical characteristics were investigated in 832 young children with acute otitis media, carrying a single s. pneumoniae or h. influenzae in their nasopharynx. as compared with h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae-associated acute otitis media was less frequently associated with treatment failure (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.83) and recurrence (odds ratio = 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.75). post-pcv7 serotype replacement seemed not to affect the ... | 2014 | 24263220 |
| leaning in to the power of the possible: the crucial role of women scientists on preventing haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | beginning in an era when female scientists were a lonely minority, women have made major contributions to our understanding of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) as a pathogen, its treatment and its prevention. the individual scientific and public health contributions, and their collective impact, are reviewed in the context of the development and successful implementation of highly efficacious hib vaccines that are now being deployed to nearly every country worldwide for the prevention of life ... | 2014 | 24263217 |
| haemophilus influenzae infection of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with cll: a vaccine preventable disease. | a 71-year-old man was admitted with a 2-day history of the hot and swollen right knee in december 2012. he had undergone a primary cemented right total knee replacement (tkr) in 2002. he also had a history of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (cll), haemolytic anaemia and splenomegaly, and was in partial remission following chemotherapy in 2008. he underwent arthroscopic washout of right tkr on admission. blood cultures on admission and joint fluid specimen grew haemophilus influenzae (hi). the isolat ... | 2013 | 24252835 |
| changes in acute mastoiditis in a single pediatric tertiary medical center: our experience during 2008-2009 compared with data for 1983-2007. | the objective of this study was to assess clinical reports and bacteriological changes over a 25-y period in children with acute mastoiditis. | 2014 | 24228823 |
| haemophilus influenzae resides in tonsils and uses immunoglobulin d binding as an evasion strategy. | haemophilus influenzae (hi) causes respiratory tract infections and is also considered to be a commensal, particularly in preschool children. tonsils from patients (n = 617) undergoing tonsillectomy due to chronic infection or hypertrophy were examined. we found that 51% of tonsils were positive for hi, and in 95% of cases analyzed in detail (n = 39) hi resided intracellularly in the core tonsillar tissue. patients harbored several intracellular unique strains and the majority were nontypeable h ... | 2014 | 24218509 |
| the first reported case of possible haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine failure from kuwait and literature-review. | a 17-month-old vaccinated kuwaiti boy presented with meningitis. the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) capsular antigen was detected in his blood, csf and urine. the microorganism failed to grow in culture. this case represents the first report of possible hib vaccine failure from kuwait. this report examines the possible reasons for this failure by reviewing the literature and emphasizes the need to broaden the definition of vaccine failure with the aim of optimizing the timing of the vaccine ... | 2016 | 24216517 |
| a novel enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) for the quantification of total and free polysaccharide in haemophilus influenzae b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines in monovalent and combined vaccine formulations. | current haemophilus influenzae b conjugate vaccines (hib), which are made of purified capsular polysaccharide (poly-ribosyl-ribitol-phosphate; prp) conjugated to a carrier protein, are almost completely evaluated by physico-chemical methods to ensure the integrity and stability of the vaccine and consistency of manufacture of batches. the absence of a potency assay makes the quantification of total prp content (in si units) and of % free polysaccharide in final fills or bulk components of hib va ... | 2014 | 24200313 |
| the history of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine development: dose selection. | pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) differ in polysaccharide (ps) dose, carrier protein and conjugation method. pcv development proceeded initially upon principles successfully proven in haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine development. however, the need to successfully incorporate multiple serotypes while minimizing the total ps dose and total carrier protein load saw some early vaccine candidates fail. dose-range studies of individual serotypes indicated that much lower ps ... | 2013 | 24195479 |
| [concentration of tazobactam/piperacillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis]. | while the incidence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis is expected to decrease with the widespread use of the hib vaccine, the resistance of hib has actually increased. therefore, selection of the initial antibiotics used for treatment must be performed with resistant bacteria, including beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant h. influenzae (blnar), in mind. tazobactam/piperacillin (taz/pipc) has a satisfactory minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against blnar and is a bet ... | 2013 | 24195168 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae isolated from pediatric patients at a pediatric facility between 2009 and 2012]. | we examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,208 haemophilus influenzae isolates obtained at a pediatric facility between 2009 and 2012. the percentage distribution of beta-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (abpc)-sensitive (blnas) strains was 38.2%, that of beta-lactamase-non-producing abpc-intermediately resistant (blnai) strains was 13.9%, that of beta-lactamase-non-producing abpc-resistant (blnar) strains was 38.2%, that of beta-lactamase-producing abpc-resistant (blpar) strains was 5. ... | 2013 | 24195167 |
| pediatric lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. | lumbar puncture (lp) is a commonly performed procedure in pediatrics. accurate analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) profile is essential in diagnosing and managing a variety of infectious and inflammatory conditions involving the brain, meninges, and spinal cord. it can also provide useful diagnostic information in the evaluation of possible subarachnoid hemorrhage and demyelinating syndromes, and aid in the diagnosis and management of pseudotumor cerebri. | 2014 | 24188604 |
| progranulin is a substrate for neutrophil-elastase and proteinase-3 in the airway and its concentration correlates with mediators of airway inflammation in copd. | progranulin (pgrn) is an anti-inflammatory protein, yet its digestion by neutrophil-derived proteinases generates products that can stimulate epithelial cell lines to secrete the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin (il)-8. because dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), the possible influence of pgrn and digestion products may be of relevance to understanding and treating inflammation in the disease. pgrn was ... | 2014 | 24186875 |
| [the studies of elimination of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae strains using the animal model of infection]. | the intranasal immunization is considered the effective method to induce immunological response in the mucosa and the model useful to develop the vaccine against otitis media due to nontypaeble haemophilus influenzae infections. in the study, elimination of nthi strains isolated from healthy and carrier individuals, varying with several genetic determinants, from mice nasopharynx, lungs and ears tissues and the interactions among strains during mixed infections were evaluated. | 2013 | 24180126 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence following an investigational streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae triple-protein vaccine in a phase 1 randomized controlled study in healthy adults. | we investigated a protein-based nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and pneumococcal (hip) vaccine containing pneumococcal histidine triad d (phtd), detoxified pneumolysin (dply), and nthi protein d (pd) in adults. in a phase i study, 40 healthy 18- to 40-year-old subjects were randomized (2:2:1) to receive two hip doses administered 60 days apart, with or without as03 adjuvant (hip-as and hip groups, respectively), or engerix b (glaxosmithkline, belgium) as a control. safety, antibodies, ... | 2014 | 24173029 |
| cost-effectiveness and cost utility analysis of three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children of peru. | the clinical and economic burden associated with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) diseases is substantial in the latin america and caribbean region, where pneumococcal vaccines have only been introduced to a few countries. this study analyzed the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of three different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) for peru. | 2013 | 24171921 |
| potent sub-mic effect of gsk1322322 and other peptide deformylase inhibitors on in vitro growth of staphylococcus aureus. | peptide deformylase (pdf), a clinically unexploited antibacterial target, plays an essential role in protein maturation. pdf inhibitors, therefore, represent a new antibiotic class with a unique mode of action that provides an alternative therapy for the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). gsk1322322 is a novel pdf inhibitor that is in phase ii clinical development for the treatment of lower respiratory tract a ... | 2014 | 24165188 |