| bacteremia and malaria in tanzanian children hospitalized for acute febrile illness. | we recorded the reason for presentation to a rural hospital in an area endemic for malaria in 909 children between january 2006 and march 2009. blood smears were examined for plasmodium falciparum parasites, and blood spots dried on filter paper were prepared for 464 children. a pcr assay utilizing the stored blood spots was developed for streptococcus pneumoniae (lyta) and haemophilus influenzae (pal). malaria was present in 299 children whose blood was tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2015 | 25505140 |
| global invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance--2008-2014. | meningitis and pneumonia are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children globally infected with streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae causing a large proportion of disease. vaccines are available to prevent many of the common types of these infections. s. pneumoniae was estimated to have caused 11% of deaths in children aged <5 years globally in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) era. since 2007, the world health organizat ... | 2014 | 25503919 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children with early onset of acute otitis media - a randomized controlled trial. | although children vaccinated with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) had fewer episodes of acute otitis media (aom), this trial was unable to prove a simultaneous decrease in nasopharyngeal carriage. | 2015 | 25496176 |
| glycoconjugate vaccines: an update. | globally, the three main pathogens causing serious infections are haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. over the last 5 years, new vaccines protecting against these bacteria have been developed and introduced in various countries. | 2015 | 25496172 |
| preclinical evaluation of a haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine process intended for technology transfer. | introduction of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine in low- and middle-income countries has been limited by cost and availability of hib conjugate vaccines for a long time. it was previously recognized by the institute for translational vaccinology (intravacc, originating from the former vaccinology unit of the national institute of public health [rivm] and the netherlands vaccine institute [nvi]) that local production of a hib conjugate vaccine would increase the affordability and susta ... | 2014 | 25483504 |
| use of immuno assays during the development of a hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine for technology transfer to emerging vaccine manufacturers. | quality control of hemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines is mainly dependent on physicochemical methods. overcoming sample matrix interference when using physicochemical tests is very challenging, these tests are therefore only used to test purified samples of polysaccharide, protein, bulk conjugate, and final product. for successful development of a hib conjugate vaccine, several elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods were needed as an additional tool to enable testin ... | 2014 | 25483494 |
| genetic analysis of a pediatric clinical isolate of moraxella catarrhalis with resistance to macrolides and quinolones. | during the surveillance conducted in 2012 by the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease, we isolated a strain of moraxella catarrhalis that demonstrated resistance to both macrolides and quinolones from a male pediatric patient aged 1.5 years who had developed acute bronchitis. then we evaluated the susceptibility of this strain to different types of antibacterial agents and conducted a genetic analysis. the results of the susceptibility evaluation showed that ... | 2015 | 25481761 |
| complete genome sequence of haemophilus influenzae strain 375 from the middle ear of a pediatric patient with otitis media. | originally isolated from a pediatric patient with otitis media, haemophilus influenzae strain 375 (hi375) has been extensively studied as a model system for intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells and other pathogenesis traits. here, we report its complete genome sequence and methylome. | 2014 | 25477405 |
| environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens. | 2014 | 25465254 |
| study of the chemical stability of the capsular polysaccharide produced by haemophilus influenzae type b. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a human pathogen that causes severe infections such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. vaccines for hib infections are based on its capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a protein. this conjugated hib antigen is included as one of the components of polyvalent vaccines and accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of the formulations. the instability of the polysaccharide is responsible for the high cost of the vaccine. in this study, the factors affect ... | 2015 | 25458286 |
| polysaccharide purification from haemophilus influenzae type b through tangential microfiltration. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a human pathogen that causes meningitis in infants worldwide. capsular polysaccharide linked to a protein has been used as an efficient vaccine, and this approach has reduced the incidence of hib disease since its inclusion in national immunisation campaigns. the traditional polysaccharide downstream process is based on several ethanol precipitations, treatment with detergents and centrifugation. the aim of this study was to introduce tangential microfiltra ... | 2015 | 25458274 |
| the effect of long-term macrolide treatment on respiratory microbiota composition in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: an analysis from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled bless trial. | long-term macrolide treatment has proven benefit in inflammatory airways diseases, but whether it leads to changes in the composition of respiratory microbiota is unknown. we aimed to assess whether long-term, low-dose erythromycin treatment changes the composition of respiratory microbiota in people with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | 2014 | 25458200 |
| [management of copd exacerbations: from primary care to hospitalization]. | the société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae copd) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. etiology of ea copd are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, or moraxella catarrhalis). pollutant exposure can a ... | 2014 | 25451635 |
| impact of poor compliance with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on respiratory tract infection antimicrobial efficacy: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation study. | the purpose of this report was to assess the impact of poor compliance on the efficacy of levofloxacin (lfx) and moxifloxacin (mox), two fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties, in respiratory infections. the fauc0-24h and fauc0-24h/mic90 ratio, a pk/pd index predictive of bacterial eradication, were extracted from previously described population pk models for lfx and mox. the mic90 was according to eucast. monte carlo simulations were used with l ... | 2015 | 25450804 |
| haemophilus influenzae genome database (higdb): a single point web resource for haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) is the causative agent of pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. the organism is responsible for large number of deaths in both developed and developing countries. even-though the first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of h. influenzae, there is no exclusive database dedicated for h. influenzae. this prompted us to develop the haemophilus influenzae genome database (higdb). | 2014 | 25450223 |
| improving immunity to haemophilus influenzae in children with chronic suppurative lung disease. | endobronchial infections related to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common in children and adults with suppurative airway disease such as bronchiectasis and copd. impaired cell mediated immune responses to nthi have been described in these patients. currently there are no interventions known to correct the deficiency in cell mediated immune responses to nthi. the aim of this study was to determine if receipt of a conjugate vaccine containing protein d from h. influenzae is associa ... | 2015 | 25448103 |
| measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital contact. | the live measles vaccine has been associated with lower non-measles mortality and admissions in low-income countries. the live measles-mumps-rubella vaccine has also been associated with lower rate of admissions with any type of infection in danish children; the association was strongest for admissions with lower respiratory infections. | 2015 | 25446818 |
| early indication for a reduced burden of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children following the introduction of routine vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b in nha trang, vietnam. | despite the global success of hib vaccination in reducing disease and mortality, uncertainty about the disease burden and the potential impact of hib vaccination in southeast asia has delayed the introduction of vaccination in some countries in the region. hib vaccination was introduced throughout vietnam in july 2010 without catch-up. in an observational, population based surveillance study we estimated the impact of routine hib vaccination on all cause radiologically confirmed childhood pneumo ... | 2014 | 25444823 |
| haemophilus influenzae: a forgotten cause of neonatal sepsis? | due to the introduction of the conjugate vaccine against serotype b, neonatal sepsis caused by haemophilus influenzae became very rare. there is little data in belgium concerning the prevalence of h. influenzae early onset neonatal sepsis and articles about neonatal sepsis and h. influenzae published in the last decade are scarce. we report two invasive infections with a non-typeable h. influenzae. these cases show that neonatal sepsis caused by non-typeable h. influenzae may be underestimated a ... | 2015 | 25443773 |
| impact of the glpq2 gene on virulence in a streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19a sequence type 320 strain. | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) metabolizes glycerophosphorylcholine from the lung epithelium to produce free choline, which is transformed into phosphorylcholine and presented on the surfaces of many respiratory pathogens. two orthologs of glpq genes are found in streptococcus pneumoniae: glpq, with a membrane motif, is widespread in pneumococci, whereas glpq2, which shares high similarity with glpq in haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pneumoniae, is present only in s. pneumo ... | 2015 | 25422269 |
| haemophilus influenzae increases the susceptibility and inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to viral infections. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), can enhance expression of the cellular receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1), which in turn can be used by major group human rhinoviruses (hrvs) for attachment. here, we evaluated the effect of nthi-induced up-regulation of icam-1 on viral replication and inflammatory responses toward different respiratory viruses. therefore, human bronchial epitheli ... | 2015 | 25411435 |
| the findings of a clinical surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage programme in pre-school patients with cystic fibrosis. | evidence suggests infection is present in the lower airways of young children with cystic fibrosis (cf), even when clinically stable. oropharyngeal samples (ops) are typically used for airway surveillance in these children but have been shown to have low positive predictive values and low sensitivity in detecting lower airway infection when compared with the reference standard, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). | 2015 | 25408378 |
| the microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. | staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, haemophilus, enterobacter, and corynebacterium appear to be more frequently associated with patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) with nasal polyps (crswnp) than with patients with crs without nasal polyps (crssnp) or control subjects. furthermore, the isolation rate of staphylococcus aureus appears to be much lower in chinese crswnp patients compared with their caucasian counterparts. | 2014 | 25399884 |
| pai-1 inhibits development of chronic otitis media and tympanosclerosis in a mouse model of otitis media. | bullae of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) knockout (ko) mice showed low levels of inflammation against nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) at the early stage of otitis media (om). however, pai-1 ko mice fail to terminate inflammation, which may significantly contribute to the development of tympanosclerosis in pai-1 ko mice. | 2014 | 25399881 |
| comparison of inflammatory markers in induced and spontaneous sputum in a cohort of copd patients. | sputum induction is a non-invasive method for obtaining measurements of inflammation in the airways. whether spontaneously sampled sputum can be a valid surrogate is unknown. the aim of this study was to compare levels of six inflammatory markers in sputum pairs consisting of induced and spontaneous sputum sampled on the same consultation either in a stable state or during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2014 | 25398249 |
| identification of antigen-specific b cell receptor sequences using public repertoire analysis. | high-throughput sequencing allows detailed study of the bcr repertoire postimmunization, but it remains unclear to what extent the de novo identification of ag-specific sequences from the total bcr repertoire is possible. a conjugate vaccine containing haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and group c meningococcal polysaccharides, as well as tetanus toxoid (tt), was used to investigate the bcr repertoire of adult humans following immunization and to test the hypothesis that public or convergent r ... | 2015 | 25392534 |
| cyld negatively regulates nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-induced il-8 expression via phosphatase mkp-1-dependent inhibition of erk. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a gram-negative bacterium, is the primary cause of otitis media in children and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. a hallmark of both diseases is an overactive inflammatory response, including the upregulation of chemokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8). an appropriate inflammatory response is essential for eradicating pathogens. however, excessive inflammation can cause host tissue damage. therefore, expression of il-8 ... | 2014 | 25389768 |
| a case-control study evaluating the relationship between thimerosal-containing haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine administration and the risk for a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis in the united states. | thimerosal is an organic mercury (hg)-containing compound (49.55 % hg by weight) historically added to many multi-dose vials of vaccine as a preservative. a hypothesis testing case-control study evaluated automated medical records in the vaccine safety datalink (vsd) for organic hg exposure from thimerosal in haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)-containing vaccines administered at specific times within the first 15 months of life among subjects diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (pdd ... | 2015 | 25382662 |
| etiology and epidemiology of children with acute otitis media and spontaneous otorrhea in suzhou, china. | there are scare data about bacterial etiology and the antibiotic susceptibility, serotype distribution and molecular characteristics of pneumococci in children with acute otitis media (aom) in china. | 2015 | 25379833 |
| clinical and molecular epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae causing invasive disease in adult patients. | the epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae (hi) has changed since the introduction of the hi type b (hib) vaccine. the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and molecular epidemiology of hi invasive disease in adults. | 2014 | 25379704 |
| does the frequency of respiratory tract infections help to identify humoral immunodeficiencies in a primary health-care cohort? | primary immune deficiency (pid) due to humoral defects is associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections (rtis). reliable clinical warning signs of pid would facilitate early diagnosis and thereby reduce long-term complications. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the warning sign, 'four or more antibiotic-treated rtis annually for 3 or more consecutive years,' for detecting pid among adults in a primary health-care setting. | 2015 | 25378084 |
| eotaxin-3 (ccl26) exerts innate host defense activities that are modulated by mast cell proteases. | during bacterial infections of the airways, a th1-profiled inflammation promotes the production of several host defense proteins and peptides with antibacterial activities including β-defensins, elr-negative cxc chemokines, and the cathelicidin ll-37. these are downregulated by th2 cytokines of the allergic response. instead, the eosinophil-recruiting chemokines eotaxin-1/ccl11, eotaxin-2/ccl24, and eotaxin-3/ccl26 are expressed. this study set out to investigate whether these chemokines could s ... | 2015 | 25377782 |
| an unusual case of chronic prostatitis caused by haemophilus influenzae in an elderly saudi patient: a case report and literature review. | haemophilus influenzae has been reported on rare occasions as the cause of prostatitis and urinary tract infections. here, we report a rare case of chronic prostatitis in a 52-year-old male with benign prostatic hypertrophy and discuss the possible underestimation of the true incidence of h. influenzae in genitourinary infections. this organism was identified only by its growth on chocolate agar, a medium that is not commonly used for urine cultures. | 2014 | 25374472 |
| overlapping and complementary oxidative stress defense mechanisms in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | the gram-negative commensal bacterium nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) can cause respiratory tract diseases that include otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchitis. during colonization and infection, nthi withstands oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species produced endogenously, by the host, and by other copathogens and flora. these reactive oxygen species include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), and hydroxyl radical ... | 2015 | 25368297 |
| pcr-based national bacterial meningitis surveillance in turkey: years 2006 to 2009. | polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis including 841 children revealed 246 with bacterial dna in cerebrospinal fluid samples of which 53% were streptococcus pneumoniae, 19% neisseria meningitidis, and 16% haemophilus influenzae type b. the most common s. pneumoniae serotypes/serogroups were 1, 19f, 6a/6b, 23f, 5, 14, 18 and 19a. among 47 meningococci, 86% were serogroup b, 6% serogroup c, 3% serogroup a, 3% serogroup x and 3% serogroup w. | 2014 | 25361189 |
| changes in immunization program managers' perceptions of programs' functional capabilities during and after vaccine shortages and ph1n1. | we surveyed u.s. immunization program managers (ipms) as part of a project to improve public health preparedness against future emergencies by leveraging the immunization system. we examined immunization program policy and immunization information system (iis) functionality changes as a result of the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine shortage and pandemic influenza a(h1n1) (ph1n1). evaluating changes in immunization program functionalities and policies following emergency response situ ... | 2014 | 25355974 |
| a new insight into the role of intracellular nickel levels for the stress response, surface properties and twitching motility by haemophilus influenzae. | nickel acts as a co-factor for a small number of enzymes in bacteria. urease is one of the two nickel-dependent enzymes that have been identified in haemophilus influenzae; glyoxalase i is the other. however, nickel has been suggested to have roles in h. influenzae that can not attributed to the function of these enzymes. we have previously shown that in the h. influenzae strain rd kw20 the inability to acquire nickel led to alterations to the cell-type; an increased biofilm formation and change ... | 2015 | 25350148 |
| peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin and catalase promote resistance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae 86-028np to oxidants and survival within neutrophil extracellular traps. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen of the human airways. for example, nthi is a leading cause of otitis media and is the most common cause of airway infections associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). these infections are often chronic/recurrent in nature and involve bacterial persistence within biofilm communities that are highly resistant to host clearance. our previous work has shown that nthi within biofilms has inc ... | 2015 | 25348637 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftaroline fosamil. | ceftaroline fosamil is a 5th generation cephalosporin with an in vitro spectrum of activity including streptococcus agalactiae, penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant s. pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, k. pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is currently approved by the fda for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacteria ... | 2014 | 25347329 |
| calcium restores the macrophage response to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have demonstrated impaired bacterial phagocytosis and disordered cytokine secretion, which are calcium-dependent processes. we determined how calcium moderates the macrophage response to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). we hypothesized that augmenting extracellular calcium during bacterial challenge would restore bacterial phagocytosis and cytokine secretion in monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) from subjects with co ... | 2015 | 25338285 |
| early respiratory infection is associated with reduced spirometry in children with cystic fibrosis. | pulmonary inflammation, infection, and structural lung disease occur early in life in children with cystic fibrosis. | 2014 | 25321321 |
| impaired haemophilus influenzae type b transplacental antibody transmission and declining antibody avidity through the first year of life represent potential vulnerabilities for hiv-exposed but -uninfected infants. | to determine whether immune function is impaired among hiv-exposed but -uninfected (heu) infants born to hiv-infected mothers and to identify potential vulnerabilities to vaccine-preventable infection, we characterized the mother-to-infant placental transfer of haemophilus influenzae type b-specific igg (hib-igg) and its levels and avidity after vaccination in ugandan heu infants and in hiv-unexposed u.s. infants. hib-igg was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 57 ugandan hiv-infect ... | 2014 | 25298109 |
| cross reactivity of neisseria meningitidis crga diagnostic pcr primers with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | crga based pcr are usually used for diagnosis of neisseria meningitidis while the crga gene was observed in the genomes of haemophilus influenzae. in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the crga primers routinely used in the diagnosis of n. meningitidis could cross react with h. influenzae isolates. | 2014 | 25291937 |
| prevalence, distribution, and sequence diversity of hmwa among commensal and otitis media non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are gram-negative coccobacilli that colonize the human pharynx, their only known natural reservoir. adherence to the host epithelium facilitates nthi colonization and marks one of the first steps in nthi pathogenesis. epithelial cell attachment is mediated, in part, by a pair of high molecular weight (hmw) adhesins that are highly immunogenic, antigenically diverse, and display a wide range of amino acid diversity both within and between isolates. in thi ... | 2014 | 25290952 |
| development and validation of an haemophilus influenzae supragenome hybridization (sgh) array for transcriptomic analyses. | we previously carried out the design and testing of a custom-built haemophilus influenzae supragenome hybridization (sgh) array that contains probe sequences to 2,890 gene clusters identified by whole genome sequencing of 24 strains of h. influenzae. the array was originally designed as a tool to interrogate the gene content of large numbers of clinical isolates without the need for sequencing, however, the data obtained is quantitative and is thus suitable for transcriptomic analyses. in the cu ... | 2014 | 25290153 |
| [acute epiglottitis due to group a β-hemolytic streptococcus in a child]. | acute epiglottitis has become an exceptional observation in pediatrics. the introduction of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine changed the morbidity, mortality, and microbiology of this disease. we report the case of an 11-month-old infant with acute epiglottitis due to group a β-hemolytic streptococcus. | 2015 | 25282454 |
| a randomised trial to evaluate the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines in singapore and malaysia. | the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines were evaluated among infants from singapore and malaysia, where phid-cv has been licensed. | 2014 | 25278086 |
| epiglottitis as a presentation of leukemia in an adolescent. | epiglottitis is a life-threatening entity that can present in children or adults. although the incidence has declined since the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in 1985, cases continue to be identified in high-risk populations. in pediatric oncology patients specifically, epiglottitis has been reported after initiation of chemotherapy. we report the first case of epiglottits as the initial presentation of leukemia in a pediatric patient. | 2014 | 25275354 |
| [preparation and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibody against outer membrane protein p6 of haemophilus influenzae]. | to prepare and identify monoclonal antibody against haemophilus influenzae(hi) outer membrane protein p6. | 2014 | 25270206 |
| the effect of newborn vitamin a supplementation on infant immune functions: trial design, interventions, and baseline data. | in recent years, neonatal vitamin a supplementation is considered as an essential infant-survival intervention but the evidence is not conclusive. this randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin a on immune competence in early infancy. results would provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the effect of this intervention on infant survival. within 2 days of birth, infants born at one maternity clinic located in a poor slum area of dhaka city were su ... | 2014 | 25269669 |
| using monte carlo simulation to determine optimal dosing regimen for cefetamet sodium for injection. | the objective of the study was to use monte carlo simulation to determine the optimal treatment dosing regimen of the cefetamet sodium for injection by analysing the pharmacokinetics (pk) parameters in healthy chinese volunteers, and antibacterial activity in vitro was also examined. a three-cross latin square single-dose pk study was designed. twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 500, 1000, and 2000 mg of cefetamet sodium for iv infusion over 30 minutes in three periods sequenti ... | 2016 | 25252727 |
| prioritization of the introduction of new vaccines to the national immunization program in the republic of korea. | this study was performed to determine the priority of vaccine introduction for five vaccine-preventable diseases (vpds) caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), pneumococcus (spn), hepatitis a virus (hepa), rotavirus (rv), and human papillomavirus (hpv) to the future korean national immunization program (nip) and to suggest framework programs to assist decision makers on implementation of the nip. | 2014 | 25239482 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal serotypes and genotypes among children in moscow, russia. | we aimed to describe bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (aom) and characterize resistance, serotypes and genotype profiles of aom-causing pneumococci recovered in moscow children. | 2015 | 25232779 |
| changing trends of acute otitis media bacteriology in israel in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | the widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has changed acute otitis media (aom) bacteriology. only scattered data with regards to this effect of pcv13 have been published so far. | 2014 | 25229270 |
| cellular interaction of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae triggers cytotoxicity of infected type ii alveolar cells via apoptosis. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections, resulting in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). despite its pathogenic potential, little is known regarding the role of intracellular nthi in pathogenesis of pulmonary infection. kinetics of nthi internalization was studied using gentamicin protection assays. nthi strains isolated from copd patients efficiently adhere to and invade type ii alveolar (a549) cells. duri ... | 2015 | 25227327 |
| natural competence in histophilus somni strain 2336. | histophilus somni is an etiologic agent of shipping fever pneumonia, myocarditis, and other systemic diseases of bovines. virulence factors that have been identified in h. somni include biofilm formation, lipooligosaccharide phase variation, immunoglobulin binding proteins, survival in phagocytic cells, and many others. however, to identify the genes responsible for virulence, an efficient mutagenesis system is needed. mutagenesis of h. somni using allelic exchange is difficult, likely due to it ... | 2014 | 25218867 |
| evaluation of safety and efficacy as an adjuvant for the chitosan-based vaccine delivery vehicle viscogel in a single-blind randomised phase i/iia clinical trial. | viscogel, a chitosan-based hydrogel, has earlier been shown to improve humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. in this study, a phase i/iia clinical trial was conducted to primarily evaluate safety and secondarily to study the effects of viscogel in combination with a model vaccine, act-hib to haemophilus influenzae type b, administered as a single intramuscular injection. healthy volunteers of both sexes, ages 22-50 and not previously vaccinated to hib, were recruited. the trial had ... | 2014 | 25218298 |
| haemophilus influenzae oral vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are serious conditions in which patients are predisposed to viral and bacterial infections resulting in potentially fatal acute exacerbations. copd is defined as a lung disease characterised by obstruction to lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing. antibiotic therapy has not been particularly useful in eradicating bacteria such as non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) because they are naturally occurring flora o ... | 2014 | 25201571 |
| non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a longitudinal retrospective observational cohort study of pseudomonas persistence and resistance. | the hallmark of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is recurrent bronchial infection, yet there are significant gaps in our understanding of pathogen persistence, resistance and exacerbation frequencies. pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key pathogen thought to be a marker of disease severity and progression, yet little is known if the infection risk is seen in those with milder disease or if there is any potential for eradication. these data are important in determining risk stratification and follow ... | 2015 | 25200914 |
| community acquired bacterial pneumonia: aetiology, laboratory detection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | this cross sectional study was conducted to identify the common bacterial causes of community acquired pneumonia (cap) from sputum and blood by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and to evaluate the effectiveness of these tests. a total of 105 sputum and blood samples were collected from patients with pneumonia on clinical suspicion. common causative bacterial agents of pneumonia were detected by gram staining, cultures, biochemical tests and pcr. among 55 sputum culture positive cases, ... | 2014 | 25194532 |
| increased biofilm formation by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae isolates from patients with invasive disease or otitis media versus strains recovered from cases of respiratory infections. | biofilm formation by nontypeable (nt) haemophilus influenzae remains a controversial topic. nevertheless, biofilm-like structures have been observed in the middle-ear mucosa of experimental chinchilla models of otitis media (om). to date, there have been no studies of biofilm formation in large collections of clinical isolates. this study aimed to investigate the initial adhesion to a solid surface and biofilm formation by nt h. influenzae by comparing isolates from healthy carriers, those with ... | 2014 | 25192997 |
| 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugate vaccine: a review in infants and children. | the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) (synflorix™) includes ten serotype-specific polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae, eight of which are conjugated individually to a nonlipidated cell-surface lipoprotein (protein d) of non-typeable h. influenzae and two of which are conjugated to nontoxic tetanus or diphtheria toxoid carrier proteins. this article provides an overview of the well-established immunogenicity of phid-cv, includ ... | 2014 | 25192686 |
| near disappearance of childhood invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in singapore. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines have significantly limited hib's disease impact in every country where it was introduced. we previously estimated invasive hib disease incidence in singapore at ∼4.4 per 100,000 children <5 years (from 1994 to 2003, period 1), but the vaccine was not included in the national childhood immunization schedule until may 2013 (although it was available privately). the current study aims to describe changes in hib disease incidence and vaccine cov ... | 2014 | 25173480 |
| bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in germany. | otitis media is a common pediatric disease and the main reason for antibiotic prescription in children. before implementation of routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination in germany, serotypes contained in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) were among the most frequent pneumococcal serotypes responsible for acute otitis media (aom). this report describes the first 3 years of a prospective, multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study examining the bacteriology of middle ... | 2015 | 25169065 |
| antimicrobial treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis is characterized by chronic wet or productive cough, recurrent exacerbations and irreversible bronchial dilatation. after antibiotics and vaccines became available and living standards in affluent countries improved, its resulting reduced prevalence meant bronchiectasis was considered an 'orphan disease'. this perception has changed recently with increasing use of ct scans to diagnose bronchiectasis, including in those with severe chronic obstructive p ... | 2014 | 25156239 |
| a chalcone with potent inhibiting activity against biofilm formation by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), an important human respiratory pathogen, frequently causes biofilm infections. currently, resistance of bacteria within the biofilm to conventional antimicrobials poses a major obstacle to effective medical treatment on a global scale. novel agents that are effective against nthi biofilm are therefore urgently required. in this study, a series of natural and synthetic chalcones with various chemical substituents were evaluated in vitro for their antibio ... | 2014 | 25154700 |
| [is the new vaccination schedule recommended in france adapted to premature babies?]. | the french 2013 immunization schedule having a goal of simplification with comparable efficacy, has decreased the number of injections and removed the injection performed at three months of age in the general population. apart from the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections for which it is recommended to maintain three dose primary immunization, vaccination of premature is not addressed in this new calendar. can the extremely preterm infants (<33 weeks of gestational age) benefit from th ... | 2014 | 25153808 |
| considering economic analyses in the revision of the preventive vaccination law: a new direction for health policy-making in japan? | evidence of a significant vaccine policy shift can be witnessed not only in the number of new vaccines available in japan but also in the way that vaccine policy is being formulated. in 2010, policy makers decided for the first time ever to commission economic analyses as a reference in their consideration of subsidy allocation. this research offers a first hand account of the recent changes in vaccine policies by examining the decision-making process from the perspective of the researchers comm ... | 2014 | 25139708 |
| evaluation and validation of a serum bactericidal antibody assay for haemophilus influenzae type b and the threshold of protection. | prior to routine immunisation, haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) was a major cause of serious bacterial infections, particularly in young children. in the united kingdom, introduction of the hib conjugate vaccine into the national childhood immunisation schedule has led to a sustained decline in invasive hib disease across all age-groups. evaluation of the immune response to hib conjugate vaccines involves measurement of serum igg antibodies against the capsular polyribosyl-ribitol-phospha ... | 2014 | 25138290 |
| the incidence of pediatric invasive haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal disease in chiba prefecture, japan before and after the introduction of conjugate vaccines. | the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine and the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) were introduced in japan in 2008 and 2010, respectively. in 2011, immunization with these two vaccines was encouraged throughout japan through a governmental program. children treated in chiba prefecture for culture-proven invasive h. influenzae disease (ihid) and invasive streptococcus pneumoniae disease (ipd) were identified in a prefectural surveillance study from 2008 to 2013. the incide ... | 2014 | 25131741 |
| the economic burden of pneumonia and meningitis among children less than five years old in hanoi, vietnam. | to estimate the average treatment costs of pneumonia and meningitis among children under five years of age in a tertiary hospital in hanoi, vietnam from societal, health sector and household perspectives. | 2014 | 25130978 |
| [effect of ambroxol on biofilm of haemophilus influenzae and bactericidal action]. | to establish a biofilm model of haemophilus influenzae and observe the effect of ambroxol on biofilm of haemophilus influenzae and bactericidal action. | 2014 | 25129975 |
| intracellular haemophilus influenzae invades the brain: is zyxin a critical blood brain barrier component regulated by tnf-α? | | 2014 | 25127527 |
| vaccine effectiveness of the pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10) against clinically suspected invasive pneumococcal disease: a cluster-randomised trial. | vaccine effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against culture-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease has been well documented. in the finnish invasive pneumococcal disease (finip) trial, we reported vaccine effectiveness and absolute rate reduction against laboratory-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease (confirmation by culture or antigen or dna detection irrespective of serotype). here, we assessed vaccine effectiveness of phid-cv10 against clinically suspected invasive pneumococ ... | 2014 | 25127244 |
| intracellular haemophilus influenzae invades the brain: is zyxin a critical blood brain barrier component regulated by tnf-α? | | 2014 | 25122191 |
| the role and regulation of catalase in respiratory tract opportunistic bacterial pathogens. | respiratory tract bacterial pathogens are the etiologic agents of a variety of illnesses. the ability of these bacteria to cause disease is imparted through survival within the host and avoidance of pathogen clearance by the immune system. respiratory tract pathogens are continually bombarded by reactive oxygen species (ros), which may be produced by competing bacteria, normal metabolic function, or host immunological responses. in order to survive and proliferate, bacteria have adapted defense ... | 2014 | 25109939 |
| recognition of flavin mononucleotide, haemophilus influenzae type b and its capsular polysaccharide vaccines by antibodies specific to d-ribitol-5-phosphate. | d-ribitol-5-phosphate (rbt-5-p) is an important metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway and an integral part of bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, specifically as polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (prp) in haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). the major objective of this study was to investigate whether an antibody specific to rbt-5-p can recognize the prp of hib. d-ribose-5-phosphate was reacted with proteins in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride to obtain rbt-5-p epitopes; 120 h reaction ... | 2014 | 25108762 |
| a prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in saudi children younger than 5years of age. | information regarding acute otitis media (aom) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of aom were determined in young saudi children. | 2014 | 25107659 |
| epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the usa from 1997 to 2010: a population-based observational study. | bacterial meningitis continues to be a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiological trends after adjunctive dexamethasone recommendations are unknown in the usa. we aimed to describe the changing patterns among the most common bacterial causes in the usa after conjugate vaccination and to assess the association between adjunctive dexamethasone and mortality. | 2014 | 25104307 |
| effects of the introduction of new vaccines in guinea-bissau on vaccine coverage, vaccine timeliness, and child survival: an observational study. | in 2008, the gavi alliance funded the introduction of new vaccines (including pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [dtp] plus hepatitis b and haemophilus influenzae type b antigens) in guinea-bissau. the introduction was accompanied by increased vaccination outreach services and a more restrictive wastage policy, including only vaccinating children younger than 12 months. we assessed coverage of all vaccines in the expanded program on immunizations before and after the new vaccines' introduc ... | 2014 | 25103521 |
| population effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in kilifi, kenya: findings from cross-sectional carriage studies. | the effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) in developed countries was enhanced by indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals, mediated by reduced nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci. the potential indirect protection of 10-valent pcv (pcv10) in a developing country setting is unknown. we sought to estimate the effectiveness of introduction of pcv10 in kenya against carriage of vaccine serotypes and its effect on other bacteria. | 2014 | 25103393 |
| temporal association of infant immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the ecology of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonisation in a rural south african community. | immunisation of children with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcv) may affect the bacterial-ecology of the nasopharynx, including colonisation by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of infant pcv-immunisation on the nasopharyngeal ecology of these potentially pathogenic bacteria in a rural african setting. | 2014 | 25101982 |
| cigarette smoke primes the pulmonary environment to il-1α/cxcr-2-dependent nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-exacerbated neutrophilia in mice. | cigarette smoke has a broad impact on the mucosal environment with the ability to alter host defense mechanisms. within the context of a bacterial infection, this altered host response is often accompanied by exacerbated cellular inflammation, characterized by increased neutrophilia. the current study investigated the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure and, subsequently, a model of both cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial infection. we investiga ... | 2014 | 25092891 |
| vaccination against the m protein of streptococcus pyogenes prevents death after influenza virus: s. pyogenes super-infection. | influenza virus infections are associated with a significant number of illnesses and deaths on an annual basis. many of the deaths are due to complications from secondary bacterial invaders, including streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes. the β-hemolytic bacteria s. pyogenes colonizes both skin and respiratory surfaces, and frequently presents clinically as strep throat or impetigo. however, when these bacteria gain access to normall ... | 2014 | 25077423 |
| new south wales annual vaccine-preventable disease report, 2012. | we aim to describe the epidemiology of selected vaccine-preventable diseases in new south wales (nsw) for 2012. data from the nsw notifiable conditions information management system were analysed by: local health district of residence, age, aboriginality, vaccination status and organism, where available. risk factor and vaccination status data were collected by public health units for cases following notification under the nsw public health act 2010. the largest outbreak of measles since 1998 wa ... | 2017 | 25077033 |
| acute mastoiditis in children under 15 years of age in southern israel following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a 4-year retrospective study (2009-2012). | to describe the epidemiologic, microbiologic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of acute mastoiditis (am) in children <15 years of age during the 4-year period (2009-2012) following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in israel. | 2014 | 25074345 |
| levofloxacin-resistant haemophilus influenzae, taiwan, 2004-2010. | levofloxacin resistance in haemophilus influenzae has increased significantly in taiwan, from 2.0% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2010 (p<0.001). clinical and molecular investigations of 182 levofloxacin-resistant isolates revealed that the increase was mainly the result of the spread of several clones in the elderly population in different regions. | 2014 | 25061696 |
| genotypically defined β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates of non-typable haemophilus influenzae are associated with increased invasion of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. | the aim of the study was to investigate the association between the presence of altered penicillin-binding protein 3 (pbp3) in non-typable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and an increased capacity to invade bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. a collection of 40 clinical isolates of nthi comprised of 20 with normal pbp3 and 20 with altered pbp3 (defined by an n526k substitution) was established. the isolates were tested for the ability to invade bronchial epithelial cells in vitro using a 4 h gent ... | 2014 | 25053797 |
| shielding of a lipooligosaccharide igm epitope allows evasion of neutrophil-mediated killing of an invasive strain of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a frequent cause of noninvasive mucosal inflammatory diseases but may also cause invasive diseases, such as sepsis and meningitis, especially in children and the elderly. infection by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is characterized by recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes. despite the presence of a large number of neutrophils, infections with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are often not cleared effectively by the antimicrobial activity of these im ... | 2014 | 25053788 |
| hpaec-pad quantification of haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide in upstream and downstream samples. | due to the rapidly increasing introduction of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and other conjugate vaccines worldwide during the last decade, reliable and robust analytical methods are needed for the quantitative monitoring of intermediate samples generated during fermentation (upstream processing, usp) and purification (downstream processing, dsp) of polysaccharide vaccine components. this study describes the quantitative characterization of in-process control (ipc) samples generated during ... | 2015 | 25045809 |
| non typable-haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation and acute otitis media. | non-typable haemophilus influenzae (nt-hi) infection is frequently associated with acute otitis media (aom) treatment failure, recurrence or chronic otitis media. persistence of otopathogens in a biofilm-structured community was implicated in these situations. here, we compared biofilm production by h. influenzae strains obtained by culture of middle ear fluid (mef) from children with aom treatment failure and by strains isolated from nasopharyngeal (np) samples from healthy children or those wi ... | 2014 | 25037572 |
| predominant pathogen competition and core microbiota divergence in chronic airway infection. | chronic bacterial lung infections associated with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis represent a substantial and growing health-care burden. where pseudomonas aeruginosa is the numerically dominant species within these infections, prognosis is significantly worse. however, in many individuals, haemophilus influenzae predominates, a scenario associated with less severe disease. the mechanisms that determine which pathogen is most abundant are not known. we hypothesised that the distribution of h. ... | 2015 | 25036925 |
| impacts of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation on cigarette smoke-induced exacerbated response to bacteria. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterised by a state of chronic pulmonary inflammation punctuated by microbial exacerbations. despite advances in treatment options, copd remains difficult to manage. in this study, we investigated the potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)γ activation as a new therapy against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and its associated bacterial exacerbation. c57bl/6 mice were exposed to room air or cigarette smoke for eithe ... | 2015 | 25034559 |
| microbiology and visual outcomes of culture-positive bacterial endophthalmitis in oxford, uk. | to review the microbiology of culture-positive cases of bacterial endophthalmitis, and to correlate this with visual outcomes. | 2014 | 25028312 |
| zyxin modulates the transmigration of haemophilus influenzae to the central nervous system. | the mechanism by which haemophilus influenzae causes meningitis is unclear. previously, we established murine meningitis by intranasal instillation of h. influenzae as a cell-bound organism (cbo). in this study, we aimed to identify the molecules associated with inhibiting the transmigration of cells across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and protein identification by mass spectrometry were used for proteomic analysis. analysis of the membranous extr ... | 2014 | 25025691 |
| platelet activating factor receptor activation improves sirna uptake and rnai responses in well-differentiated airway epithelia. | well-differentiated human airway epithelia present formidable barriers to efficient sirna delivery. we previously reported that treatment of airway epithelia with specific small molecules improves oligonucleotide uptake and facilitates rnai responses. here, we exploited the platelet activating factor receptor (pafr) pathway, utilized by specific bacteria to transcytose into epithelia, as a trigger for internalization of dicer-substrate sirnas (dsirna). pafr is a g-protein coupled receptor which ... | 2014 | 25025465 |
| childhood very severe pneumonia and meningitis-related hospitalization and death in yemen, before and after introduction of h. influenzae type b (hib) vaccine. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine was included in the yemen immunization programme in 2005. this study compared the rates of very severe pneumonia and all-cause meningitis hospitalization and death, before and after introduction of conjugate hib vaccine, and reports the results of the 2010 bacterial meningitis surveillance. a retrospective analysis was made of data collected for 2000-2010 for all children aged 2-60 months in the main children's hospital in sana'a. compared with the pre ... | 2014 | 25023770 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae, an under-recognised pathogen. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a major cause of mucosal infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in some regions, a strong causal relation links this pathogen with infections of the lower respiratory tract. in the past 20 years, a steady but constant increase has occurred in invasive nthi worldwide, with perinatal infants, young children, and elderly people most at risk. individuals with underlying como ... | 2014 | 25012226 |
| randomized, open-label study of the impact of age on booster responses to the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine in children in india. | in this phase iii, open-label, multicenter, and descriptive study in india, children primed with 3 doses (at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks) of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) were randomized (1:1) to receive a booster dose at 9 to 12 (early booster) or 15 to 18 months old (late booster) in order to evaluate impact of age at booster. we also evaluated a 2-dose catch-up vaccination plus an experimental booster dose in unprimed children ... | 2014 | 25008901 |
| beta- lactam antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae by up-regulating carbohydrate metabolism. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common acute otitis media pathogen, with an incidence that is increased by previous antibiotic treatment. nthi is also an emerging causative agent of other chronic infections in humans, some linked to morbidity, and all of which impose substantial treatment costs. in this study we explore the possibility that antibiotic exposure may stimulate biofilm formation by nthi bacteria. we discovered that sub-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibio ... | 2014 | 25007395 |