| furin inhibitors block sars-cov-2 spike protein cleavage to suppress virus production and cytopathic effects. | development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. this study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the sars-cov-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), as antiviral targets. we first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at sars-cov-2 spikes by expressing it in veroe6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. cleavage and the syncytium are ... | 2020 | 33007239 |
| topical lignocaine anaesthesia for oropharyngeal sampling for covid-19. | to ascertain if topical lignocaine application in oropharynx prior to swab sampling to test for covid-19 improves a patient's comfort and to assess its effect on the swab sample taken to conduct the rt-pcr. | 2020 | 33001294 |
| inflammation and thrombosis in patients with covid-19: a prothrombotic and inflammatory disease caused by sars coronavirus-2. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2' (sars-cov-2) infection emerged in wuhan, a city of china, and spread to the entire planet in early 2020. the virus enters the respiratory tract cells and other tissues via ace2 receptors. approximately 20% of infected subjects develop severe or critical disease. a cytokine storm leads to over inflammation and thrombotic events. the most common clinical presentation in covid-19 is pneumonia, typically ... | 2020 | 33001051 |
| insult to injury-potential contribution of coronavirus disease-19 to neuroinflammation and the development of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2 is responsible for a new coronavirus disease known as coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 reports neurotropic properties and may have neurological implications, and this creates another health burden for people living with hiv. as yet, the impact of covid-19 on (neuro)inflammation and the development of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand) is not fully known. here, we reviewed preliminary evidence that provides clue ... | 2020 | 32993321 |
| surveillance and re-positive rna test in patients recovered from covid-19. | | 2020 | 32990948 |
| treatment of immunocompromised covid-19 patients with convalescent plasma. | immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant and hematologic malignancy patients appear to be at increased risk for morbidity and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). convalescent plasma, a method of passive immunization that has been applied to prior viral pandemics, holds promise as a potential treatment for covid-19. immunocompromised patients may experience more benefit from convalescent plasma given underlying deficits i ... | 2020 | 32989856 |
| transmission-dynamics models for the sars coronavirus-2. | | 2020 | 32978876 |
| covid-19: current understanding of its pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2 is a novel coronavirus belonging to the family coronaviridae and is now known to be responsible for the outbreak of a series of recent acute atypical respiratory infections originating in wuhan, china. the disease caused by this virus, termed coronavirus disease 19 or simply covid-19, has rapidly spread throughout the world at an alarming pace and has been declared a pandemic by the who on march 11, 2020. in this review, an update on the ... | 2020 | 32978337 |
| advances on synthesis, derivatization and bioactivity of isatin: a review. | isatin (ist) is a crucial pharmacologically active compound, chemically known as indole-1h-2,3- dione. development of different ist based analogues acquired significant awareness because of its pronounced therapeutic importance such as analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral (effective against sars coronavirus 3c protease) and many other activities, and represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as a precursor fo ... | 2020 | 32972348 |
| heterogeneous expression of the sars-coronavirus-2 receptor ace2 in the human respiratory tract. | zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses are responsible for three disease outbreaks since 2002, including the current covid-19 pandemic, caused by sars-cov-2. its efficient transmission and range of disease severity raise questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. ace2 is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for sars-cov-2. numerous reports describe ace2 mrna abundance and tissue distribution; however, mrna abundance is not always representative of protein levels. curr ... | 2020 | 32971472 |
| rational use of sars-cov-2 polymerase chain reaction tests within institutions caring for the vulnerable. | institutions such as hospitals and nursing or long-stay residential homes accommodate individuals at considerable risk of mortality should they acquire sars-cov-2 infection. in these settings, polymerase chain reaction tests play a central role in infection prevention and control. here, we argue that both false negative and false positive tests are possible and that careful consideration of the prior probability of infection and of test characteristics are needed to prevent harm. we outline evid ... | 2020 | 32968484 |
| tmprss2, a sars-cov-2 internalization protease is downregulated in head and neck cancer patients. | sars-coronavirus-2 enters host cells through binding of the spike protein to ace2 receptor and subsequent s priming by the tmprss2 protease. we aim to assess differences in both ace2 and tmprss2 expression in normal tissues from oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and lung tissues as well as neoplastic tissues from the same areas. | 2020 | 32967703 |
| severity of lung involvement on chest x-rays in sars-coronavirus-2 infected patients as a possible tool to predict clinical progression: an observational retrospective analysis of the relationship between radiological, clinical, and laboratory data. | to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a chest x-ray (cxr) score and of clinical and laboratory data in predicting the clinical course of patients with sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. | 2020 | 32965310 |
| understanding the role of corona virus based on current scientific evidence - a review with emerging important in pandemic. | coronavirus disease is a potentially deadly disease and of significant apprehension for global communal health potentially because of its lethality. vaccines and antiviral medications are still under trial to prevent or treat infections of human coronavirus (hcov) till date. the virus hcov originate in 2003, sars-cov, which causes respiratory syndrome having distinctive pathogenesis and causes infections of the respiratory tract. a mechanism was projected for the evolution of sars virus and a ha ... | 2020 | 32957894 |
| covid-19 and the liver: what do we know after six months of the pandemic? | despite liver injury in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov)-2 (sars-cov-2) is associated with prolonged hospitalization, and liver dysfunction is mainly described in patients with severe viral disease. how liver abnormalities may affect virus infection is still unknown. improved understanding of host genetics, lifestyle, underlying comorbidities and adequate follow-up of patients with liver damage are critical in the new scenario of the pandemic viru ... | 2020 | 32956871 |
| covid - 19 post hematopoietic cell transplant, a report of 11 cases from a single center. | in late 2019 the coronavirus disease - 2019 (covid - 19) pandemic caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars - cov - 2) started in wuhan, china. life has changed radically since then. data emerging from the first hit countries show a tendency for a complicated course and higher mortality in some subgroups of infected patients. cancer patients are immunosuppressed from their disease and the therapy they receive. hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are a subgroup of patients that are severely i ... | 2020 | 32952981 |
| placental pathology findings during and after sars-cov-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion. | since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), there has been a debate whether pregnant women are at a specific risk for covid-19 and whether it might be vertically transmittable through the placenta. we present a series of five placentas of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-positive women who had been diagnosed with mild symptoms of covid-19 or had been asymptomatic before birth. we provide a detailed histopathologic description of morphological changes accompanied by an analysis of p ... | 2020 | 32950981 |
| stat3 isoforms differentially affect ace2 expression: a potential target for covid-19 therapy. | the sars-coronavirus 2 is the aetiologic agent covid-19. ace2 has been identified as a cell entry receptor for the virus. therefore, trying to understand how the gene is controlled has become a major goal. we silenced the expression of stat3α and stat3β, and found that while silencing stat3α causes an increase in ace2 expression, silencing stat3β causes the opposite effect. studying the role of stat3 in ace2 expression will shed light on the molecular events that contribute to the progression of ... | 2020 | 32949179 |
| anemia and covid-19: a prospective perspective. | | 2020 | 32949170 |
| using wechat, a chinese social media app, for early detection of the covid-19 outbreak in december 2019: retrospective study. | a novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, was identified in december 2019, when the first cases were reported in wuhan, china. the once-localized outbreak has since been declared a pandemic. as of april 24, 2020, there have been 2.7 million confirmed cases and nearly 200,000 deaths. early warning systems using new technologies should be established to prevent or mitigate such events in the future. | 2020 | 32931439 |
| potential protease inhibitors and their combinations to block sars-cov-2. | covid-19, which has emerged recently as a pandemic viral infection caused by sars-coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the world, creating a public health emergency. the current situation demands an effective therapeutic strategy to control the disease using drugs that are approved, or by inventing new ones. the present study examines the possible repurposing of existing anti-viral protease inhibitor drugs. for this, the structural features of the viral spike protein, the substrate for host c ... | 2020 | 32924827 |
| anti-frameshifting ligand active against sars coronavirus-2 is resistant to natural mutations of the frameshift-stimulatory pseudoknot. | sars-cov-2 uses -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) to control expression of key viral proteins. because modulating -1 prf can attenuate the virus, ligands binding to the rna pseudoknot that stimulates -1 prf may have therapeutic potential. mutations in the pseudoknot have occurred during the pandemic, but how they affect -1 prf efficiency and ligand activity is unknown. studying a panel of six mutations in key regions of the pseudoknot, we found that most did not change -1 prf levels ... | 2020 | 32920049 |
| development of sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid specific monoclonal antibodies. | the global covid-19 pandemic has caused massive disruptions in every society around the world. to help fight covid-19, new molecular tools specifically targeting critical components of the causative agent of covid-19, sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), are desperately needed. the sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid protein is a major component of the viral replication processes, integral to viral particle assembly, and is a major diagnostic marker for infection and immune protection. currently available antib ... | 2020 | 32908982 |
| asymptomatic sars coronavirus 2 infection: invisible yet invincible. | while successful containment measures of covid-19 in china and many european countries have led to flattened curves, case numbers are rising dramatically in other countries, with the emergence of a second wave expected. asymptomatic individuals carrying sars-cov-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. the data addressed here show that characteristics of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infection are not ident ... | 2020 | 32891737 |
| therapy of sars-coronavirus-2 pneumonia: is there an optimal il-6 cut-off for successful tocilizumab treatment? | | 2020 | 32886768 |
| impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system. | understanding the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (hcw) is crucial. | 2020 | 32875500 |
| design and evaluation of anti-sars-coronavirus agents based on molecular interactions with the viral protease. | three types of new coronaviruses (covs) have been identified recently as the causative viruses for the severe pneumonia-like respiratory illnesses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and corona-virus disease 2019 (covid-19). neither therapeutic agents nor vaccines have been developed to date, which is a major drawback in controlling the present global pandemic of covid-19 caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has resulted in more than 20,43 ... | 2020 | 32867349 |
| association of vitamin d with the modulation of the disease severity in covid-19. | in late 2019, sars-cov-2 started to spread throughout the world causing the covid-19 that has taken a considerable number of lives. results obtained from several investigations have explained the virus origin, pathogenicity, and transmission. similar to sars coronavirus, the pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) 2 was introduced as the virus receptor for entering the cell. an increased body of epidemiological and clinical evidences has shown modulating effects of vitamin d in lung injuri ... | 2020 | 32866536 |
| scaffold morphing of arbidol (umifenovir) in search of multi-targeting therapy halting the interaction of sars-cov-2 with ace2 and other proteases involved in covid-19. | the rapid emergence of novel coronavirus, sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), originated from wuhan, china, imposed a global health emergency. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor serves as an entry point for this deadly virus while the proteases like furin, transmembrane protease serine 2 (tmprss2) and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (3clpro) are involved in the further processing and replication of sars-cov-2. the interaction of sp with ace2 and these proteases results in the sars-cov-2 i ... | 2020 | 32866534 |
| synergistic antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination against sars-cov-2: what molecular dynamics studies of virus-host interactions reveal. | the emergence of sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has led to a global pandemic disease referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19). hydroxychloroquine (clq-oh)/azithromycin (atm) combination therapy is currently being tested for the treatment of covid-19, with promising results. however, the molecular mechanism of action of this combination is not yet established. using molecular dynamics (md) simulations, this study shows that the drugs act in synergy to prevent any close contact between th ... | 2020 | 32862840 |
| intrinsic disorder perspective of an interplay between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sars-cov-2. | the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus sars-cov-2 walks the planet causing the rapid spread of the cov disease 2019 (covid-19) that has especially deleterious consequences for the patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (cvds). entry of the sars-cov-2 into the host cell involves interaction of the virus (via the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of its spike glycoprotein) with the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) followed by the virus-ace ... | 2020 | 32853823 |
| in silico screening of hundred phytocompounds of ten medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of covid-19: an approach to prevent virus assembly. | currently, there is no specific treatment to cure covid-19. many medicinal plants have antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, wound healing etc. therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen for potent inhibitors of n-terminal domain (ntd) of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of sars-cov-2. the structure of ntd of rna binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of sars coronavirus 2 was retrieved from the protein data bank (pdb 6vyo) and the structures of 100 differen ... | 2020 | 32851912 |
| clinical features of neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease-2019: a systematic review of 105 neonates. | despite the increasingly recognized impact of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), on many aspects of health in adults and children, its effects on neonates born to infected mothers remain unclear. we conducted this study to investigate the outcomes of neonates born to mothers with covid-19. | 2020 | 32847748 |
| covid-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct sars-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. | waning immunity occurs in patients who have recovered from covid-19. however, it remains unclear whether true re-infection occurs. | 2020 | 32840608 |
| drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for covid-19. | recently, the world has been dealing with a new type of coronavirus called covid-19 that in terms of symptoms is similar to the sars coronavirus. unfortunately, researchers could not find a registered therapy to treat the infection related to the virus yet. regarding the fact that drug repurposing is a good strategy for epidemic viral infection, we applied the drug repurposing strategy using virtual screening to identify therapeutic options for covid-19. for this purpose, five proteins of covid- ... | 2020 | 32837954 |
| erythema multiforme in the context of sars-coronavirus-2 infection. | | 2020 | 32835104 |
| covid-19: pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and investigational therapeutics. | the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak started in early december 2019 in the capital city of wuhan, hubei province, people's republic of china, and caused a global pandemic. the number of patients confirmed to have this disease has exceeded 9 million in more than 215 countries, and more than 480 600 have died as of 25 june 2020. coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and have recently been identified as the cause of a middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov) outbreak in 20 ... | 2020 | 32834902 |
| sars-cov-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities. | as for the sars coronavirus in the 2003 epidemic, the presence of sars-cov-2 has been demonstrated in faeces and, in some cases, urine of infected people, as well as in wastewater. this paper proposes a critical review of the state of the art regarding studies on the presence of sars-cov-2 in wastewater and sewage sludge, the factors affecting its inactivation and the main proposed treatments. in-vitro tests demonstrated low resistance of sars-cov-2 to high temperature, while even significant ch ... | 2020 | 32834559 |
| [how did covid-19 pandemic change the way we attend the patients in an urogynaecological unit]. | the current sars-coronavirus type 2 pandemic caused, in few weeks, important changes in the health system organization and in the way we attend the patients. urogynaecological diseases affect quality of life, but without life risk in most cases, so it is possible to delay. moreover, urogynaecological diseases affect mostly women over 65 years old (a high risk population for contracting covid-19). in this manuscript we summarise the current evidence about telemedicine efectivity to manage to pelv ... | 2020 | 32834308 |
| azafluorene derivatives as inhibitors of sars cov-2 rdrp: synthesis, physicochemical, quantum chemical, modeling and molecular docking analysis. | the crystal structures of 2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-4-phenyl-5h-indeno [( cheng et al., 2007; lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (ia) and 2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5h-indeno [( cheng et al., 2007; lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (ib) were determined using single crystal x-ray diffraction. both the compounds belong to the triclinic system with the p-1 space group. the azafluorene ring system in both the compounds is effectively planar. the intermolecular int ... | 2020 | 32834110 |
| host-membrane interacting interface of the sars coronavirus envelope protein: immense functional potential of c-terminal domain. | the envelope (e) protein in sars coronavirus (cov) is a small structural protein, incorporated as part of the envelope. a major fraction of the protein has been known to be associated with the host membranes, particularly organelles related to intracellular trafficking, prompting cov packaging and propagation. studies have elucidated the central hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the e protein being responsible for much of the viroporin activity in favor of the virus. however, newer insights in ... | 2020 | 32818817 |
| structural basis of sars-cov-2 spike protein induced by ace2. | the recent emergence of the novel sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its international spread pose a global health emergency. the spike (s) glycoprotein binds ace2 and promotes sars-cov-2 entry into host cells. the trimeric s protein binds the receptor using the receptor-binding domain (rbd) causing conformational changes in s protein that allow priming by host cell proteases. unraveling the dynamic structural features used by sars-cov-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission ... | 2020 | 32818261 |
| hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action inhibiting sars-cov2 entry. | sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic. potential drugs identified for the treatment of sars-cov-2 infection include chloroquine (cq), its derivative hydroxychloroquine (hcq), and the anesthetic propofol. their mechanism of action in sars-cov-2 infection is poorly understood. recently, anesthetics, both general and local, were shown to disrupt ordered lipid domains. these same lipid domains recruit the sars-cov-2 surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ... | 2020 | 32817933 |
| structure-based drug design of an inhibitor of the sars-cov-2 (covid-19) main protease using free software: a tutorial for students and scientists. | this paper describes the structure-based design of a preliminary drug candidate against covid-19 using free software and publicly available x-ray crystallographic structures. the goal of this tutorial is to disseminate skills in structure-based drug design and to allow others to unleash their own creativity to design new drugs to fight the current pandemic. the tutorial begins with the x-ray crystallographic structure of the main protease (m<sup>pro</sup>) of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) boun ... | 2020 | 32817929 |
| geographical reconstruction of the sars-cov-2 outbreak in lombardy (italy) during the early phase. | the first identification of autochthonous transmission of sars-cov-2 in italy was documented by the laboratory of clinical microbiology, virology and bioemergencies of l. sacco hospital (milano, italy) on 20th february 2020 in a 38 years old male patient, who was found positive for pneumonia at the codogno hospital. thereafter lombardy has reported the highest prevalence of covid-19 cases in the country, especially in milano, brescia and bergamo provinces. the aim of this study was to assess the ... | 2020 | 32816316 |
| making lemonade from sars coronavirus-2 lemons: transitioning a smoking cessation trial to a virtual platform. | clinical trials represent an essential component of improving treatment for substance use disorders (sud). the sars coronavirus-2 pandemic disrupted our ongoing clinical trial of smoking cessation and forced us to rapidly implement changes to assure participants access to ongoing counseling and monitoring via telephone calls and/or video chat sessions. our experiences suggest that this pandemic will lead to changes for both future clinical trial participants and project staff. while challenges r ... | 2020 | 32811627 |
| heterogeneous antibodies against sars-cov-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications for covid-19 immunity. | evaluation of potential immunity against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus that emerged in 2019 (sars-cov-2) is essential for health, as well as social and economic recovery. generation of antibody response to sars-cov-2 (seroconversion) may inform on acquired immunity from prior exposure, and antibodies against the sars-cov-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (s-rbd) are speculated to neutralize virus infection. some serology assays rely solely on sars-cov-2 nuc ... | 2020 | 32796155 |
| anal swab as a potentially optimal specimen for sars-cov-2 detection to evaluate hospital discharge of covid-19 patients. | since december 2019, an outbreak of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) began in wuhan, and has rapidly spread worldwide. previously, discharged patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients met the criteria of china's pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus infection (trial version 7) for cure of viral infection. nevertheless, positive detection of sars-cov-2 has been found again in several cured covid-19 patients, leading to conflicts with current criteria. here ... | 2020 | 32795131 |
| interdiction of protein folding for therapeutic drug development in sars cov-2. | in this article, we predict the folding initiation events of the ribose phosphatase domain of protein nsp3 and the receptor binding domain of the spike protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2. the calculations employ the sequential collapse model and the crystal structures to identify the segments involved in the initial contact formation events of both viral proteins. the initial contact locations may provide good targets for therapeutic drug development. the pro ... | 2020 | 32790379 |
| late onset infectious complications and safety of tocilizumab in the management of covid-19. | tocilizumab (tcz) has been used in the management of covid-19-related cytokine release syndrome (crs). concerns exist regarding the risk of infections and drug-related toxicities. we sought to evaluate the incidence of these tcz complications among covid-19 patients. | 2020 | 32790075 |
| role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of severe covid-19 in hypertensive patients. | a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars-coronavirus 2 (cov-2), called covid-19, has become a global threat in 2020. the mortality rate from covid-19 is high in hypertensive patients, making this association especially dangerous. there appears to be a consensus, despite the lack of experimental data, that angiotensin ii (ang ii) is linked to the pathogenesis of covid-19. this process may occur due to acquired deficiency of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), resu ... | 2020 | 32783619 |
| presence of sars-coronavirus-2 in the ileal mucosa: another evidence for infection of gi tract by this virus. | | 2020 | 32777284 |
| cutaneous, skin histopathological manifestations and relationship to covid-19 infection patients. | covid-19 diseases have been a nationwide pandemic condition. however, cutaneous, skin histopathological manifestations of covid-19 infection are not well described. our study aims are to present heterogeneous cutaneous, histopathological manifestations in covid-19 patients, to investigate the possible relationship between cutaneous manifestations and histopathological features in covid-19 infection. we performed a systemic review in pubmed database and chinese medical journal search engines whic ... | 2020 | 32770717 |
| [sars-cov-2 and microbiological diagnostic dynamics in covid-19 pandemic]. | we have been introduced to "coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)" disease with high mortality and transmission rate caused by a novel human coronavirus, in december 2019 and the microbiological diagnosis of the infection has been in the center of the focus to control the pandemic. it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the virus which was classified among the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) related coronaviruses and named as sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), to manage testing in th ... | 2020 | 32755524 |
| can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)? | much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) outbreaks, the novel sars-cov-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ∼17,300,000 cases and ∼672,000 (∼+1,500/day) deaths globally (as of july 31, 2020). the potentially fatal coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, g ... | 2020 | 32755302 |
| is there antibody-dependent enhancement in sars coronavirus 2? | | 2020 | 32754556 |
| identification of sars-cov-2 cell entry inhibitors by drug repurposing using in silico structure-based virtual screening approach. | the rapidly spreading, highly contagious and pathogenic sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (who). the novel 2019 sars-cov-2 enters the host cell by binding of the viral surface spike glycoprotein (s-protein) to cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor. the virus specific molecular interaction with the host cell represents a promising therapeutic target for identifying sars ... | 2020 | 32754161 |
| designing multi-epitope vaccines to combat emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) by employing immuno-informatics approach. | a recent pandemic caused by a single-stranded rna virus, covid-19, initially discovered in china, is now spreading globally. this poses a serious threat that needs to be addressed immediately. genome analysis of sars-cov-2 has revealed its close relation to sars-coronavirus along with few changes in its spike protein. the spike protein aids in receptor binding and viral entry within the host and therefore represents a potential target for vaccine and therapeutic development. in the current study ... | 2020 | 32754160 |
| failure of non-invasive ventilation after use of high-flow oxygen therapy in patients with sars-coronavirus-2 pneumonia. | | 2020 | 32747154 |
| antibody response against sars-cov-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein evaluated by four automated immunoassays and three elisas. | the aim was to determine the antibody response against sars-cov-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein using four automated immunoassays and three elisas for the detection of total ig antibodies (roche) or igg (abbott, diasorin, snibe, euroimmun, mikrogen) in covid-19 patients. | 2020 | 32745595 |
| evaluation of three fully-automated sars-cov-2 antibody assays. | objectives serological assays for detection of sars-cov-2 antibodies are increasingly used during the covid-19 pandemic caused by the sars-coronavirus-2. here we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three commercially available sars-cov-2 antibody assays. methods a total of 186 samples from 58 patients with pcr-confirmed covid-19 infection were measured using sars-cov-2 antibody assays by siemens healthineers, roche diagnostics and euroimmun. additionally, 123 control samples, in ... | 2020 | 32745068 |
| transmission mode associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a review. | in late december 2019 in wuhan (china), health commission reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology, subsequently isolated and named severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (cov-2). in this review, the main transmission routes and causes of mortality associated with covid-19 were investigated. | 2020 | 32744718 |
| inhibitors of vps34 and lipid metabolism suppress sars-cov-2 replication. | therapeutics targeting replication of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are urgently needed. coronaviruses rely on host membranes for entry, establishment of replication centers and egress. compounds targeting cellular membrane biology and lipid biosynthetic pathways have previously shown promise as antivirals and are actively being pursued as treatments for other conditions. here, we tested small molecule inhibitors that target membrane dynamics or lipid metabolism. included were inhibitors of th ... | 2020 | 32743584 |
| is loss of sense of smell a diagnostic marker in covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | to systematically review the currently available evidence investigating the association between olfactory dysfunction (od) and the novel coronavirus (covid-19). to analyse the prevalence of od in patients who have tested positive on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for covid-19. to perform a meta-analysis of patients presenting with olfactory dysfunction, during the pandemic, and to investigate the positive predictive value for a covid-19-positive result in this population. to assess whether olfa ... | 2020 | 32741085 |
| the four horsemen of a viral apocalypse: the pathogenesis of sars-cov-2 infection (covid-19). | the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) may be envisaged as the dynamic interaction between four vicious feedback loops chained or happening at once. these are the viral loop, the hyperinflammatory loop, the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (ras) axis loop, and the hypercoagulation loop. severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2 lights the wick by infecting alveolar epithelial cells (aecs) and downregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2)/angi ... | 2020 | 32736307 |
| identification of an anti-sars-cov-2 receptor-binding domain-directed human monoclonal antibody from a naïve semisynthetic library. | there is a desperate need for safe and effective vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics for sars- coronavirus 2 (cov-2), the development of which will be aided by the discovery of potent and selective antibodies against relevant viral epitopes. human phage display technology has revolutionized the process of identifying and optimizing antibodies, providing facile entry points for further applications. herein, we use this technology to search for antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (rb ... | 2020 | 32727845 |
| establishing a unified covid-19 "immunome": integrating coronavirus pathogenesis and host immunopathology. | | 2020 | 32719686 |
| the protein expression profile of ace2 in human tissues. | the novel sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) poses a global challenge on healthcare and society. for understanding the susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection, the cell type-specific expression of the host cell surface receptor is necessary. the key protein suggested to be involved in host cell entry is angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 (ace2). here, we report the expression pattern of ace2 across > 150 different cell types corresponding to all major human tissues and organs based on stringent immu ... | 2020 | 32715618 |
| early transmissibility assessment of a novel coronavirus in wuhan, china. | between december 1, 2019 and january 26, 2020, nearly 3000 cases of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus originating in wuhan, china have been reported. in this short analysis, we combine publicly available cumulative case data from the ongoing outbreak with phenomenological modeling methods to conduct an early transmissibility assessment. our model suggests that the basic reproduction number associated with the outbreak (at time of writing) may range from 2.0 to 3.1. though these e ... | 2020 | 32714102 |
| understanding covid-19 via comparative analysis of dark proteomes of sars-cov-2, human sars and bat sars-like coronaviruses. | the recently emerged coronavirus designated as sars-cov-2 (also known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) or wuhan coronavirus) is a causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is rapidly spreading throughout the world now. more than 1.21 million cases of sars-cov-2 infection and more than 67,000 covid-19-associated mortalities have been reported worldwide till the writing of this article, and these numbers are increasing every passing hour. the world health organization (who ... | 2020 | 32712910 |
| development of a multi-antigenic sars-cov-2 vaccine using a synthetic poxvirus platform. | modified vaccinia ankara (mva) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. we developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant mva vectors from chemically synthesized dna. in response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic mva (smva) vectors co-expressing sars-c ... | 2020 | 32702732 |
| the chief scientist office cardiovascular and pulmonary imaging in sars coronavirus disease-19 (cisco-19) study. | covid-19 is typically a primary respiratory illness with multisystem involvement. the prevalence and clinical significance of cardiovascular and multisystem involvement in covid-19 remain unclear. | 2020 | 32702087 |
| an analysis of youtube videos as educational resources for dental practitioners to prevent the spread of covid-19. | coronavirus disease (covid-19) was first reported on 31 december 2019 and has rapidly been spreading day by day. dental patients and professionals have a high risk of the coronavirus infection and also have a huge responsibility to prevent its spread during emergency dental treatment over the period of the covid-19 outbreak. | 2020 | 32700083 |
| the antiviral and coronavirus-host protein pathways inhibiting properties of herbs and natural compounds - additional weapons in the fight against the covid-19 pandemic? | as of march 11th, 2020, the world health organization declared the covid-19 outbreak a pandemic. articles published after the sars-cov-1 (2002) epidemic suggest that the use of an herbal-drug integrative medical approach could have contributed to a lower fatality rate and a more rapid response in controlling the outbreak. | 2020 | 32691005 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and covid-19: the causes of failure. | venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ecmo) is a therapeutic strategy for the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). there are inconclusive data in this regard and causes of vv-ecmo failure are not yet understood well. | 2020 | 32678961 |
| blocking inflammation on the way: rationale for cxcr2 antagonists for the treatment of covid-19. | an exacerbated and unbalanced immune response may account for the severity of covid-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2, sars-cov-2. in this viewpoint, we summarize recent evidence for the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of covid-19 and propose cxcr2 inhibition as a promising treatment option to block neutrophil recruitment and activation. | 2020 | 32678432 |
| ace2 and tmprss2 expression by clinical, hla, immune, and microbial correlates across 34 human cancers and matched normal tissues: implications for sars-cov-2 covid-19. | pandemic covid-19 by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is facilitated by the ace2 receptor and protease tmprss2. modestly sized case series have described clinical factors associated with covid-19, while ace2 and tmprss2 expression analyses have been described in some cell types. patients with cancer may have worse outcomes to covid-19. | 2020 | 32675312 |
| antibody kinetics in primary- and secondary-care physicians with mild to moderate sars-cov-2 infection. | three hundred and ninety-seven primary- and secondary-care physicians were tested for the presence of igg (and iga) antibodies against sars-coronavirus-2 with a commercially available elisa. in 19 of 20 individuals with pcr-proven infection and only mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization positive igg levels occurred within two to three weeks. among the remaining 377 persons without clear-cut evidence of infection, unequivocally positive igg antibodies were found in only one, sho ... | 2020 | 32654611 |
| therapeutic targets and computational approaches on drug development for covid-19. | world health organization declared coronavirus disease (covid-19) caused by sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) as pandemic. its outbreak started in china in dec 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. sars-cov-2 has infected more than 800,000 people and caused about 35,000 deaths so far, moreover, no approved drugs are available to treat covid-19. several investigations have been carried out to identify potent drugs for covid-19 based on drug repurposing, potential novel compounds from ligand l ... | 2020 | 32648845 |
| evolving geographic diversity in sars-cov2 and in silico analysis of replicating enzyme 3clpro targeting repurposed drug candidates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been initiating pandemics since the beginning of the century. in december 2019, the world was hit again by a devastating sars episode that has so far infected almost four million individuals worldwide, with over 200,000 fatalities having already occurred by mid-april 2020, and the infection rate continues to grow exponentially. sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a single stranded rna pathogen which is characterised by a high mutation rate. it is vital ... | 2020 | 32646487 |
| current pharmacological modalities for management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and the rationale for their utilization: a review. | sars-cov-2 has caused a pandemic which is putting strain on the health-care system and global economy. there is much pressure to develop both preventative and curative therapies for sars-cov-2 as there is no evidence to support therapies to improve outcomes in patients with sars-cov-2. medications that inhibit certain steps of virus life cycle that are currently used to treat other illnesses such as malaria, ebola, hiv and hepatitis c are being studied for use against sars-cov-2. to date, data i ... | 2020 | 32644275 |
| povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in vitro virucidal activity against sars-cov-2, the virus causing covid-19 disease. | as of 22 june 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2 has infected more than 8.95 million people worldwide, causing > 468,000 deaths. the virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and physical contact from contaminated surfaces to the mucosa. hand hygiene and oral decontamination among other measures are key to preventing the spread of the virus. we report the in vitro virucidal activity of topical and oral povidone-iodine (pvp-i) products against sars-cov-2. | 2020 | 32643111 |
| development of a synthetic poxvirus-based sars-cov-2 vaccine. | modified vaccinia ankara (mva) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. we developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant mva vectors from chemically synthesized dna. in response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic mva (smva) vectors co-expressing sars-c ... | 2020 | 32637957 |
| road toward rapid-molecular point of care test to detect novel sars-coronavirus 2019 (covid-19): review from updated literature. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) named by the who as a result of the global public health emergency. covid-19 is caused by a new coronavirus named as novel coronavirus (2019-ncov). from the first case reported in december 2019 it is now a pandemic situation and a major public health emergency. the covid-19 transmission rate is very high, infecting two to three persons on average with contact to an already infected person. there is a need for the health system, specially in developing countrie ... | 2020 | 32636083 |
| challenges for management of immune thrombocytopenia during covid-19 pandemic. | | 2020 | 32619062 |
| whole genome analysis and targeted drug discovery using computational methods and high throughput screening tools for emerged novel coronavirus (2019-ncov). | a novel coronavirus designated as sars-cov-2 in february 2020 by world health organization (who) was identified as main cause of sars like pneumonia cases in wuhan city in hubei province of china at the end of 2019. this been recently declared as global pandemic by who. there is a global emergency to identify potential drugs to treat the sars-cov-2. currently, there is no specific treatment against the new virus. there is a urgency to identifying potential antiviral agents to combat the disease ... | 2020 | 32617527 |
| assessing the application of a pseudovirus system for emerging sars-cov-2 and re-emerging avian influenza virus h5 subtypes in vaccine development. | highly pathogenic emerging and re-emerging viruses continuously threaten lives worldwide. in order to provide prophylactic prevention from the emerging and re-emerging viruses, vaccine is suggested as the most efficient way to prevent individuals from the threat of viral infection. nonetheless, the highly pathogenic viruses need to be handled in a high level of biosafety containment, which hinders vaccine development. to shorten the timeframe of vaccine development, the pseudovirus system has be ... | 2020 | 32611537 |
| hypercytokinemia and pathogen-host interaction in covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov)-2 (sars-cov-2) is a novel coronavirus identified as the cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) that began in wuhan, china in late 2019 and spread now in 210 countries and territories around the world. many people are asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. however, in some cases (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) the disease may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction that ... | 2020 | 32606886 |
| sars-cov-2 pathophysiology and assessment of coronaviruses in cns diseases with a focus on therapeutic targets. | the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (ncov-19) is a viral outbreak noted first in wuhan, china. this disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov)-2. in the past, other members of the coronavirus family, such as sars and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), have made an impact in china and the arabian peninsula respectively. both sars and covid-19 share similar symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing that can become fatal in later stages. ... | 2020 | 32603829 |
| corticosteroid administration for viral pneumonia: covid-19 and beyond. | corticosteroids are commonly used as adjuvant therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome by many clinicians because of their perceived anti-inflammatory effects. however, for patients with severe viral pneumonia, the corticosteroid treatment is highly controversial. | 2020 | 32603802 |
| structure-based screening of novel lichen compounds against sars coronavirus main protease (mpro) as potentials inhibitors of covid-19. | the outbreak of sars-cov-2 and deaths caused by it all over the world have imposed great concern on the scientific community to develop potential drugs to combat coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19). in this regard, lichen metabolites may offer a vast reservoir for the discovery of antiviral drug candidates. therefore, to find novel compounds against covid-19, we created a library of 412 lichen compounds and subjected to virtual screening against the sars-cov-2 main protease (mpro). all the ligands ... | 2020 | 32602074 |
| novel phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases iii beta (pi4kiiiβ) inhibitors discovered by virtual screening using free energy models. | herein, the lassbio chemical library is presented as a valuable source of compounds for screening to identify hits suitable for subsequent hit-to-lead optimization stages. a feature of the lassbio chemical library worth highlighting is the fact that it is a smart library designed by medicinal chemists with pharmacological activity as the main priority. the great majority of the compounds part of this library have shown in vivo activity in animal models, which is an indication that they possess o ... | 2020 | 32601839 |
| boning up: amino-bisphophonates as immunostimulants and endosomal disruptors of dendritic cell in sars-cov-2 infection. | amino-bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (za) can possibly ameliorate or prevent severe covid-19 disease by at least three distinct mechanisms: (1) as immunostimulants which could boost γδ t cell expansion, important in the acute response in the lung; (2) as dc modulators, limiting their ability to only partially activate t cells; and (3) as prenylation inhibitors of small gtpases in the endosomal pathway of the dc to prevent expulsion of lysosomes containing sars-cov-2 virions. use of za o ... | 2020 | 32600410 |
| [hypertension, raas blockade and risk in covid-19 patients]. | sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) enters the host-cells by binding the transmembraneous angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) when causing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ace) and angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arb) in covid-19 is debated. several well-conducted observational studies show no increased risk from raas blockade in covid-19 patients and are detailed in this brief review. the swedish society of hypertension, stroke and vasc ... | 2020 | 32594472 |
| covid-19 in immunocompromised hosts: what we know so far. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for patients and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. the clinical features and outcomes of covid-19 among immunosuppressed patients, who are at presumed risk for more severe disease but who may also have decreased detrimental inflammatory responses, are not well characterized. we review the existing literature on covid-19 among immunocompromised populations ... | 2020 | 32592461 |
| sars-cov-2 and hiv protease inhibitors: why lopinavir/ritonavir will not work for covid-19 infection. | since the beginning of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) 2 lopinavir/ritonavir was selected for treatment. the recent publication of cao et al in the nejm[1] showed that lopinavir/ritonavir treatment did not accelerate clinical improvement compared with standard of care. this raised the question if we in retrospect could have known this. the aim of this paper is to gather all the available evidence and to comprehensively discuss this issue. | 2020 | 32589165 |
| the d614g mutation in the sars-cov-2 spike protein reduces s1 shedding and increases infectivity. | sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) isolates encoding a d614g mutation in the viral spike (s) protein predominate over time in locales where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. we therefore compared the functional properties of the s proteins with aspartic acid (s d614 ) and glycine (s g614 ) at residue 614. we observed that retroviruses pseudotyped with s g614 infected ace2-expressing cells markedly more efficiently than those with s d614 . this greater infectivity w ... | 2020 | 32587973 |
| recent understandings toward coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): from bench to bedside. | in late december 2019, an unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) (previously named 2019-ncov) in wuhan became the most challenging health emergency. since its rapid spread in china and many other countries, the world health organization (who) declared covid-19 a public health emergency of international concern (pheic) on 30th january 2020 and a pandemic on 11th march 2020. thousands of people have died, and there are currently no v ... | 2020 | 32582719 |
| main clinical features of covid-19 and potential prognostic and therapeutic value of the microbiota in sars-cov-2 infections. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has become a pandemic, infecting more than 4,000,000 people worldwide. this review describes the main clinical features of covid-19 and potential role of microbiota in covid-19. sars-cov and sars-cov-2 have 79.5% nucleotide sequence identity and use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptors to enter host cells. the distribution of ace2 may determine how sars-cov-2 infects th ... | 2020 | 32582134 |
| could sars-cov-2 affect male fertility? | we performed this systematic review to evaluate the possibility of an impact of sars-cov-2 infection on male fertility. sars-cov-2 enters the cells with the help of ace2; therefore, testicular expression of ace2 was analysed from transcriptome sequencing studies and our unpublished data. literature suggested that sars-cov-1 (2002-2004 sars) had a significant adverse impact on testicular architecture, suggesting a high possibility of the impact of sars-cov-2 as well. out of two studies on semen s ... | 2020 | 32578263 |