| mediators of substance p-induced inflammation in the rat knee joint. | substance p (sp) injected into the synovial cavity of the rat knee resulted in an inflammatory response as measured by plasma protein extravasation into the joint capsule. this response was dose dependent over the range of approximately 4 microm to approximately 200 microm. part of this inflammatory response was mediated via mast cells as pre-treatment of the animals with a mast cell degranulator (compound 48/80) resulted in a 66% reduction of the response. a direct effect of sp on the vascular ... | 1990 | 1707585 |
| modulation of inositol lipid hydrolysis in human breast cancer cells by two classes of bombesin antagonist. | inositol lipid hydrolysis was monitored in the human breast cancer cell line mcf-7 in response to various bombesin (bn) and substance p (sp) analogues. both members of the bn family of peptides, i.e. bn and gastrin-releasing peptide (grp), stimulated a dose-related increase in total inositol phosphate production, with a similar half-maximal effective dose (ed50) around 1 nm. the bn receptor antagonist [leu13-psi-ch2nh-leu14]-bn (llbn) at 1 microm was devoid of agonist activity and displaced the ... | 1991 | 1707628 |
| pharmacological characterization of tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in peripheral tissues. | 1. tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was examined in slices of rat parotid gland, hamster urinary bladder and guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle. 2. in the presence of lithium, substance p and other naturally-occurring and synthetic tachykinins induced large, dose-dependent increases in [3h]-inositol monophosphate accumulation. 3. in slices of rat parotid gland, [pglu6,l-pro9]sp(6-11) was considerably more potent in stimulating inositol phospholipid hydrolysis than [pglu6, ... | 1990 | 1707702 |
| effects of repeated infusions of substance p and vasoactive intestinal peptide on the weights of salivary glands subjected to atrophying influences in rats. | 1. the long-term influence of substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) on rat salivary gland weight was investigated after parasympathetic denervation or on feeding soft food. 2. the parotid gland lost about one-third of its weight within 4-5 days following parasympathetic post-ganglionic denervation or change in dietary regimen, from pellets to liquid diet, thought to reduce nerve reflex activity. 3. daily i.v. infusions with sp or vip diminished or largely prevented the fall in ... | 1990 | 1707705 |
| tachykinin receptors in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum. | 1. we have studied the mechanical response of circular strips of the guinea-pig ileum to tachykinins and characterized the receptors involved by means of receptor-selective agonists. 2. the strips responded to both substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka), as well as to [pro9]-sp sulphone (selective nk1-receptor agonist), [beta ala8]-nka(4-10) (selective nk2-receptor agonist) and [mephe7]-neurokinin b (selective nk3-receptor agonist). the ed50s of the various peptides (calculated as the concentra ... | 1990 | 1707710 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide and human epicardial coronary arteries: presence, release and vasodilator effects. | 1. in the present study, the levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like immunoreactivity (-li) in human cardiopulmonary tissue were determined in combination with studies on cgrp-li release from the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) and functional effects of cgrp on coronary arterial tone. 2. the highest levels of cgrp-li were found in the lad followed in declining order by the bronchus, right atrium, pulmonary artery, lung and left ventricle. 3. exposure to capsaicin evo ... | 1991 | 1707713 |
| novel selective agonists and antagonists confirm neurokinin nk1 receptors in guinea-pig vas deferens. | 1. this study investigated the recognition characteristics of neurokinin receptors mediating potentiation of the contractile response to field stimulation in the guinea-pig vas deferens. 2. a predominant nk1 receptor population is strongly suggested by the relative activities of the common naturally-occurring tachykinin agonists, which fall within less than one order of magnitude. this conclusion is supported by the relative activities of the synthetic nk1 selective agonists substance p methyl e ... | 1991 | 1707714 |
| the adaptation of enkephalin, tachykinin and monoamine neurons of the basal ganglia following neonatal dopaminergic denervation is dependent on the extent of dopamine depletion. | this study examined whether dopamine (da) is necessary for the normal development of striatal enkephalin and striatonigral tachykinin peptide systems. the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) was used to induce da deficiency on the third day of the postnatal period in sprague-dawley rat pups. the animals were sacrificed at 60 days of age. the levels of met5-enkephalin (me) and substance p (sp) were determined by radioimmunoassay and preproenkephalin (ppe) and preprotachykinin (ppt) mrna abunda ... | 1990 | 1707718 |
| peptidergic innervation of the cremaster nucleus. i. a sexually dimorphic population of substance p-containing intraspinal neurons exists in the substance p pathway to the rat cremaster nucleus. | the cremaster nucleus (cn) lies in the lumbar spinal cord and is sexually dimorphic: the male cn contains three times as many motoneurons as the female. the substance p (sp) innervation of the cn is also sexually dimorphic with males receiving a very prominent innervation which is greatly diminished in females. these investigations examined sp-containing neurons located in the ventral half of lamina iv and the lateral aspects of laminae v, vii, and ix, in lumbar spinal levels 1,2. sp-containing ... | 1990 | 1707728 |
| changes of substance p-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn are associated with the 'phasic' behavioral response to a formalin stimulus. | substance p (sp) has been proposed as a nociceptive transmitter/modulator in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. formalin used as a nociceptive stimulus has been shown to increase, in a biphasic manner, the amount of immunoreactive sp in the dorsal horn. the time course of the changes in substance p-like immunoreactivity (spli) caused by formalin is similar to both the electrical activity of dorsal horn neurons and licking behaviors. the administration of morphine reduces stereotypic behaviors c ... | 1990 | 1707730 |
| neurophysiological effects of substance p in primate hypertension models. preliminary report. | peripheral administration of the neuropeptide substance p (sp) in rhesus monkeys and baboons caused a long lasting decrease in blood pressure, accompanied by a gradual normalization function of stress-induced bioelectrical activity changes in brain structures, relevant for cardiovascular regulation (frontal cortex, ncl. raphe, locus coeruleus). in addition, sp was found to normalize the disturbed interaction of brain structures of both hemispheres. use of sp as a putative agent to treat essentia ... | 1990 | 1707773 |
| rapid serotyping of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies. | a one-step elisa has been developed for detection and serotyping of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) in infected cell cultures using monoclonal antibodies (mab) raised against strains representing the sp, ab and vr 299 serotypes of ipnv. this assay uses a serotype-specific mab as capture and a mab directed against a common epitope as detector antibody. avidin-peroxidase was employed for amplification. the assay was performed in 90 min by simultaneous incubation of the samples, the bio ... | 1991 | 1707894 |
| distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide- and substance p-containing nerves originating from neurons of airway ganglia in cat bronchi. | this study examined the possibility that vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)- and substance p (sp)-containing nerve fibers in bronchial smooth muscle, glands, epithelium, and blood vessels originate from neurons of airway ganglia. explants of airway walls were maintained in culture with the expectation that nerve fibers from neurons of airway ganglia would remain viable, whereas fibers originating from neurons not present in the airway walls would degenerate. airways were dissected and placed in ... | 1991 | 1707900 |
| histopathological studies on senile plaques in brains of patients with down's syndrome. | senile plaques (sps) as a hallmark of alzheimer's pathology were studied in the brains of 5 cases of down's syndrome (ds), using silver stains including modified bielschosky and new methenamine silver method which had been reported to show almost the same staining pattern as that of beta-protein immunostaining. sps were observed in the ca1, the subiculum, the molecular layer of the gyrus dentatus, and the cerebral neocortices of all cases examined. in the striatum and the cerebellum, sps were fo ... | 1990 | 1708000 |
| tachykinin receptors mediating airway macromolecular secretion. | three tachykinin receptor types, termed nk1, nk2, and nk3, can be distinguished by the relative potency of various peptides in eliciting tissue responses. airway macromolecular secretion is stimulated by the tachykinin substance p (sp). the purposes of this study were to determine the tachykinin receptor subtype responsible for this stimulation, and to examine the possible involvement of other neurotransmitters in mediating this effect. ferret tracheal explants maintained in organ culture were l ... | 1991 | 1708071 |
| substance p innervation of the rat thymus. | immunohistochemistry for substance p (sp) in the rat thymus revealed fine varicose neural profiles in specific regions of the thymus. thymic sp innervation was abundant within the capsule and interlobular septa. the majority of sp+ nerve fibers within the septa were free of vascular association, although some fibers were associated with the vasculature deep within the septa. sp+ nerve fibers entered the thymic cortex from the septa and distributed among cortical thymocytes and mast cells. along ... | 1990 | 1708139 |
| camp increases synthesis of surfactant-associated protein a by perfused rat lung. | synthesis and secretion of surfactant-associated protein were studied in isolated rat lungs perfused with [3h]phenylalanine or [35s]methionine in synthetic medium. surfactant was isolated by lung lavage and density-gradient centrifugation followed by dialysis to remove unincorporated amino acid and extraction with ethanol-ether to yield a delipidated protein fraction. incorporation of [3h]phenylalanine into the delipidated surfactant protein fraction showed a lag phase of approximately 3 h follo ... | 1991 | 1708209 |
| primary translation products of pulmonary surfactant protein d. | surfactant protein d (sp-d) is a collagenous, surfactant-associated, carbohydrate-binding protein that is synthesized by alveolar type ii epithelial cells. to further characterize sp-d, we isolated rna from adult rat lungs and rat type ii cells and translated mrnas in vitro. [35s]methionine-labeled translation products were precipitated with antibodies to rat sp-d, resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and visualized by fluorography. immune precipitates of transl ... | 1991 | 1708210 |
| identification of t- and b-cell epitopes in synthetic peptides derived from a streptococcus mutans protein and characterization of their antigenicity and immunogenicity. | natural immunity to synthetic peptides (sp) derived from the sequences of a 3800 mr streptococcus mutans antigen was found in human subjects. significant serum igg antibodies were detected both to the native streptococcal antigen and to the sp17, containing essentially residues 1-15. a series of short peptides with deletions at the amino- and carboxy-termini were then tested to identify the b-cell epitopes. residues 8-13 and 1-6 bound significant serum igg antibodies but only the former consiste ... | 1990 | 1708230 |
| metabolism of substance p and bradykinin by human neutrophils. | the catabolism of substance p and bradykinin, two peptides involved in inflammation, by human neutrophils was investigated. substance p was cleaved by unstimulated neutrophils, but the rate of hydrolysis increased greatly (about 4-fold) when the cells were lysed by freezing and thawing or stimulated to release with fmet-leu-phe and cytochalasin b. the enzyme responsible for cleaving substance p was cathepsin g, hydrolyzing the phe7-phe8 bond. neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) became th ... | 1991 | 1708255 |
| hypertrophy and increased gene expression of neurons containing neurokinin-b and substance-p messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalami of postmenopausal women. | we have previously described hypertrophy of neurons containing estrogen receptor mrna in the infundibular nucleus of postmenopausal women. in the present investigation we identified peptide mrnas in the hypertrophied neurons and determined whether postmenopausal neuronal hypertrophy was accompanied by changes in gene expression. in the first study in situ hybridization was performed on sections from hypothalami of postmenopausal women (n = 3) using synthetic 35s-labeled cdna probes complementary ... | 1991 | 1708331 |
| characterization and mutagenesis of sulfur-regulated genes in a cyanobacterium: evidence for function in sulfate transport. | a sulfur-regulated gene (cysa) that encodes the membrane-associated atp-binding protein of the sulfate transport system of the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942 was recently isolated and sequenced. adjacent to cysa and transcribed in the opposite direction is a gene encoding the sulfate-binding protein (sbpa). two other genes, cyst and cysw, encode proteins that may form a channel for the transport of sulfate across the cytoplasmic membrane. a fourth gene, cysr, located between cy ... | 1991 | 1708375 |
| isolation and characterization of a sulfur-regulated gene encoding a periplasmically localized protein with sequence similarity to rhodanese. | during sulfur-limited growth, the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942 loses most of its photosynthetic pigments and develops an increased capacity to acquire sulfate. sulfur deprivation also triggers the synthesis of several soluble polypeptides. we have isolated a prominent polypeptide of 33 kda that accumulates specifically under sulfur-limiting conditions. this polypeptide was localized to the periplasmic space. the gene for this protein (designated rhda) was isolated and discove ... | 1991 | 1708376 |
| purification of a flavobacterium pentachlorophenol-induced periplasmic protein (pcpa) and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene (pcpa). | a pentachlorophenol (pcp)-induced periplasmic protein (pcpa) with a molecular weight of 30,000 has been identified and purified from flavobacterium sp. strain atcc 39723. results suggest that pcpa may be involved in pcp mineralization. the induction of pcpa correlated with the induction of pcp-degrading activity. when pcpa was released from the periplasmic space by edta or osmotic shock treatment, pcp-degrading activity was arrested. two pcp- mutants of atcc 39723, which do not degrade pcp, did ... | 1991 | 1708382 |
| gene expression for peptides in neurons of the petrosal and nodose ganglia in rat. | in situ hybridization was used to determine whether genes for neuropeptides [substance p/neurokinin a (sp/nka), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), somatostatin (som), neuropeptide tyrosine (npy) and cholecystokinin (cck)] are expressed in inferior ganglia of the vagus (nodose) and glossopharyngeal (petrosal) nerves. synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides, complementary to the cognate, mrnas were labeled with [32p] or [35s], and hybridized to 10 microns thick sections of unperfused tissue which ... | 1991 | 1708726 |
| suppurative keratitis in rural bangladesh: the value of gram stain in planning management. | external eye disease which result in corneal scarring are an important cause of blindness in bangladesh and at the chittagong eye infirmary and training complex (eitc) over 200 cases of suppurative keratitis are managed each year. we reviewed the records of 127 cases of microbial keratitis to determine the relative contributions of gram stain and culture to diagnosis of the causative organism. there were 107 culture-proven cases of microbial keratitis amongst the 127 patients in this study. gram ... | 1991 | 1708747 |
| posttranscriptional modification of trna in thermophilic archaea (archaebacteria). | nucleoside modification has been studied in unfractionated trna from 11 thermophilic archaea (archaebacteria), including phylogenetically diverse representatives of thermophilic methanogens and sulfur-metabolizing hyperthermophiles which grow optimally in the temperature range of 56 (thermoplasma acidophilum) to 105 degrees c (pyrodictium occultum), and for comparison from the most thermophilic bacterium (eubacterium) known, thermotoga maritima (80 degrees c). nine nucleosides are found to be un ... | 1991 | 1708763 |
| cardiovascular responses to combined microinjection of substance p and acetylcholine in the intermediolateral nucleus of the rat. | as microinjection of either substance p (sp) or acetylcholine (ach) into the right intermediolateral cell nucleus (iml) at the t2 level elicits increases in heart rate (hr) in the anesthetized rat, we investigated the possibility of a synergistic effect on hr and arterial pressure (ap) of ach and sp microinjected in this nucleus. moreover, we studied the effect on hr and ap of microinjection of either ach or sp into the iml combined with activation of cardiovascular neurons in the ipsilateral ro ... | 1991 | 1708792 |
| evidence that calcitonin gene-related peptide contributes to the capsaicin-induced relaxation of guinea pig cerebral arteries. | pretreatment with capsaicin caused a depletion of substance p (sp)-, neurokinin a (nka)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like immunoreactivity (-li) from the trigeminal ganglion, dura mater and cerebral arteries. the effect of capsaicin on isolated basilar arteries of guinea pig resulted in a biphasic relaxant response of histamine precontracted vessels. the first phase of the capsaicin-induced relaxation was absent in capsaicin-treated guinea pigs. furthermore, repeated administratio ... | 1990 | 1708899 |
| the proximal border of the human respiratory unit, as shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopical cytochemistry. | the epithelial cell types present in respiratory (= distal alveolarized) and terminal (= distal nonalveolarized) bronchioles in adult human lung were characterized with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem, tem) and light microscopic cytochemistry, using specific antibodies against surfactant protein sp-a and mucins, and alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff (ab/pas) staining. in the respiratory bronchiole, two epithelial cell populations share the same basal lamina: one pseudostratifie ... | 1991 | 1708949 |
| histamine acts directly on calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance p-containing trigeminal ganglion neurons as assessed by calcium influx and immunocytochemistry. | primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglion cells were exposed to histamine, and the intracellular free-calcium concentrations, [ca2+]i, were measured by the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2. histamine (10(-6)-10(-2) m) increased the [ca2+]i of the neurons. pretreatment of the cells with histamine h1-receptor blocker pyrilamine (10(-4) m), or chelation of extracellular calcium, abolished the response; however, the response was not altered by pretreatment with h2-blocker cimetidine (10(-2) m). thus, ... | 1990 | 1709003 |
| substance p receptors in mammalian central nervous system. | 1. multiple distinct affinity states or sites of substance p (sp) receptors exist in freshly-prepared rat brain membranes. 2. substance p receptors may couple with islet-activating protein (pertussis toxin) sensitive gtp-binding protein(s). 3. substance p receptors may be regulated mg2+ and na+ in an opposite manner. 4. some important factor(s), in addition to gtp-binding protein, appear to be involved in sp binding activity. 5. an apparent molecular weight of the sp binding site is approximatel ... | 1991 | 1709076 |
| bovine monoclonal anti-idiotypes induce antibodies specific for a synthetic peptide bearing a neutralizing epitope of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gi (gb). | bovine monoclonal anti-id mimicking a neutralizing epitope of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gi were developed. an epitope present on the 74k subunit of gi identified by a murine mab 1e11 was selected for this study. bovine lymphocytes from the prefemoral lymph node of a heifer immunized with mab 1e11 were fused with sp-2/0, a nonsecreting murine cell-line. two bovine x murine hybridomas secreting bovine monoclonal anti-id specific for the id of 1e11 were stabilized. these anti-id inh ... | 1991 | 1709196 |
| alzheimer's disease: the relationship between the density of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and a4 protein in human patients. | the numerical density of senile plaques (sp) and neurofibrillary tangles (nft) as revealed by the glees silver method was compared with sp and nft revealed by the gallyas method and with amyloid (a4) deposits in immunostained sections in 6 elderly cases of alzheimer's disease. the density of nft was generally greater and a4 lower in tissue from hippocampus compared with the neocortex suggesting that a4 deposition was less important than the degree of paired helical filament (phf) related damage ... | 1991 | 1709265 |
| is substance p released from slices of the rat spinal cord inactivated by peptidase(s) distinct from both 'enkephalinase' and 'angiotensin-converting enzyme'? | studies on the effects of peptidase inhibitors on substance p-like immunoreactive material (spli) released by k(+)-induced depolarization from slices of the rat spinal cord showed that bacitracin was the most potent agent to protect spli from degradation. captopril and thiorphan which inhibit, respectively, angiotensin i converting enzyme and endopeptidase-24.11 also protected spli from degradation. however other inhibitors of these two enzymes, kelatorphan for endopeptidase-24.11 and enalaprila ... | 1991 | 1709269 |
| target-specific projections of intrinsic ganglionic neurons with different chemical codes in the canine larynx. | the distribution and origin of peptide-containing intrinsic nerve fibers within the larynx were examined by immunohistochemistry and denervation experiments in the dog. in the normal larynx, a dense network of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-immunoreactive (ir) fibers was seen around the acini of submucosal glands. vip-, substance p (sp)-, or calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-ir fibers were seen in the walls of submucosal arteries, and vip-, neuropeptide y (npy)-, or enkephalin (enk ... | 1991 | 1709272 |
| dopamine and conditioned reinforcement. ii. contrasting effects of amphetamine microinjection into the nucleus accumbens with peptide microinjection into the ventral tegmental area. | it has been shown that infusion of certain neuropeptides into the ventral tegmental area (vta) results in increased motor activity and enhanced dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens. in the present experiments, substance p (sp), neurotensin (nt), d-ala-metenkephalin (dala) and morphine sulfate (ms) were injected bilaterally into the vta and their effects on conditioned reinforcement were assessed. these effects were compared with infusion of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens, which has ... | 1991 | 1709289 |
| activation of neurokinin receptors modulates k+ and cl- channel activity in cultured astrocytes from rat cortex. | short application of the neurokinin receptor agonist substance p (sp) leads to a biphasic depolarization of astrocytes cultured from rat cortex. the rapid and transient depolarizing event lasted few seconds, the slow one several minutes. in some cells, only the slow depolarizing component was observed. during the slow depolarizing event, the sensitivity of the membrane potential for a change in the k+ gradient decreased, indicating a decrease in the relative k+ permeability of the membrane. the ... | 1991 | 1709385 |
| enzyme immunoassay of a substance p-like immunoreactive substance in human plasma and saliva. | a sensitive and specific double-antibody enzyme immunoassay (eia) for a substance p (sp)-like immunoreactive substance (sp-is) was developed. for competitive reactions, the sp-antibody was incubated with sp standard (or sample) and beta-d-galactosidase labeled tyr8-sp (delayed addition). free and antibody-bound enzyme hapten were separated by using an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g coated immunoplate. activity of the enzyme on the plate was fluorometrically determined. the present immunoassay allo ... | 1990 | 1709394 |
| development of a biotinylated analog of substance p for use as a receptor probe. | the development of a biotinylated substance p (sp) analog for use as a receptor probe is reported. the lysine in position 3 of sp was substituted by arginine and an amino terminal extension (nte-sp) was added consisting of lys-tyr-gly-gly-gly-gly-gly-gly. biotinylation of the n-terminal lysine was performed. the biotinylated peptide was purified by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by mass spectral analysis. binding studies using human im-9 lymphoblasts with the biotinylat ... | 1991 | 1709427 |
| neuropeptide y modulates non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neural bronchoconstriction in vivo and in vitro. | non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (nanc) neural mechanisms regulate airway tone in guinea-pigs, and it is possible that they may be regulated by other nerves. we have investigated effects of neuropeptide y (npy), a co-transmitter of adrenergic nerves, on the excitatory (bronchoconstrictor) nanc (e-nanc) response elicited both in vivo (via bilateral vagal nerve stimulation) and in vitro (via electrical field stimulation [efs]), and on inhibitory (bronchodilator) nanc (i-nanc) responses in upper tra ... | 1990 | 1709479 |
| evidence for dose-dependent positively and negatively reinforcing effects of the substance p c-terminal analog dime-c7. | possible positive reinforcing and aversive effects of intraperitoneally (ip) administered substance p (sp) and its c-terminal heptapeptide analog [pglu5, mephe8, sar9]-sp5-11 (dime-c7) were investigated in rats. the 'conditioned corral preference and avoidance procedure' was used for assessing positive and negative reinforcement. behavioural testing was conducted in a circular open field consisting of four uniform quadrants equally preferred by the rats prior to drug treatment. on 3 consecutive ... | 1990 | 1709480 |
| localization and characterization of substance p binding sites in rat and rabbit eyes. | specific and high-affinity binding sites for substance p (sp) were found in eyes from albino rabbits and rats using an in vitro autoradiographic method with 125i-bolton hunter sp (bhsp). autoradiograms were generated by apposing 10-20 microns-thick cryostat eye sections to 3h-hyperfilm or liquid emulsion and quantified by means of image-analysis procedures. kinetic studies showed that equilibrium was reached after a 75-min incubation at room temperature. in rat retina, specific binding correspon ... | 1991 | 1709627 |
| tachykinin recovery during postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs. | we examined the role of substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) in the postmortem bronchoconstriction in guinea pig lungs using isolated lungs superfused via the trachea. airway opening pressure (pao) during superfusion was monitored and the superfusate collected for analysis of sp- and nka-like immunoreactivities (sp-li and nka-li, respectively). peak pao (39.0 +/- 3.9 cmh2o) was reached 10 min after starting superfusion; pao decreased slowly thereafter, reaching only 9.9 +/- 2.2% of the peak v ... | 1991 | 1709633 |
| substance p but not vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates immunoglobulin secretion in murine schistosomiasis. | neuropeptides including sp and vip modulate ig secretion by in vitro stimulated lymphocyte cultures. it is not known whether these neuropeptides effect the b cell directly, or if they significantly alter humoral immune responses to pathogens. we have previously shown that granulomas derived from schistosome-infected mice contain immunoglobulin secreting b cells (isc) as well as eosinophils that secrete substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip). it therefore seemed plausible that b ... | 1991 | 1709826 |
| differentiation of type ii cells during explant culture of human fetal lung is accelerated by endogenous prostanoids and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. | explant culture of the fetal lung, in the absence of serum or hormones, results in precocious biochemical and morphological differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells. in this study we tested the hypothesis that these maturational events are induced by endogenous camp. during culture of human fetal lung the content of tissue camp increased 140% from days 3-6. treatment with isobutylmethylxanthine caused a further doubling of camp content, and indomethacin blocked most of the increase in camp. ... | 1991 | 1709859 |
| identification of a genomic region that complements a temperature-sensitive, high co2-requiring mutant of the cyanobacterium, synechococcus sp. pcc7942. | in a temperature-sensitive, high co2-requiring mutant of synechococcus sp. pcc7942, the ability to fix intracellularly accumulated inorganic carbon was severely impaired at non-permissive temperature (41 degrees c). in contrast, inorganic carbon uptake and ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in the mutant were comparable to the respective values obtained with the wild-type strain. the mutant was transformed to the wild-type phenotype (ability to form colonies at non-permissive tempera ... | 1991 | 1710016 |
| [effect of hypothalamic stimulation on rmbf and sp content in iml of spinal cord in rabbits]. | experiments were performed on 48 urethane-chloralose anaesthetized, gallamine triethiodide immobilized and vagotomized rabbits under artificial ventilation. radiolabeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium during stimulation of the left or right dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (ldmh or rdmh) to measure regional myocardial blood flow (rmbf). rdmh stimulation produced relatively little flow reduction of the left ventricle, whereas ldmh stimulation produced an obvious flow reduction. n ... | 1991 | 1710070 |
| [electric stimulation of the autonomic nervous system and vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance p release on the lower esophageal sphincter]. | the effect of electrical stimulation of splanchnic and vagal nerve supply to the in vivo isolated porcine les on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (lesp) and the secretion of vip and sp into the venous effluent into the venous effluent of the les was investigated. functional integrity of the autonomic nerve supply was assessed by the effect of nerve stimulation on heart rate. vagal nerve stimulation increased lesp (8-fold) as well as vip output (3 fold) significantly (p less than 0.01) whe ... | 1990 | 1710089 |
| clonidine reduces substance p binding in rat spinal cord membrane preparation. | the effects of clonidine on substance p (sp) binding was investigated using rat brain and spinal cord membrane preparations preincubated with various concentrations of clonidine. [3h]sp specific binding in the spinal cord was significantly decreased with 10(-4) m clonidine, but no effect on binding was seen in the brain. scatchard analysis of sp binding indicated that bmax was significantly depressed without changing the affinity. the mechanism of clonidine-induced analgesia includes a spinal ne ... | 1991 | 1710300 |
| segment iv of a salmonella flagellin gene specifies flagellar antigen epitopes. | each of the two mutants isolated from a flic (= hag, flagellin-deficient) escherichia coli strain made motile by a plasmid carrying the flic gene of salmonella muenchen by selection for motility in the presence of anti-d (salmonella flagellar antigen) serum had both lost and gained one or more subfactors of the wild-type antigen. in one mutant codon 246 was gac (alanine) instead of gcc (asparagine); the other had a deletion of 105 base pairs, explicable by a 10bp direct repeat, starting at bases ... | 1991 | 1710314 |
| substance p-containing neurons innervating lhrh-containing neurons in the septo-preoptic area of rats. | neuroanatomical attempts have been made to determine the synapses between luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh)-containing neurons and substance p (sp)-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of female rats. wheat germ agglutinin was injected into the septo-preoptic area (spa) and found to be incorporated into certain sp-containing neurons within the arcuate nucleus and the ventrolateral portion of the anterior hypothalamus. hence, we used a preembedding double immuno-staining technique in ... | 1991 | 1710330 |
| the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on submucosal gland secretion and epithelial albumin transport in the ferret trachea in vitro. | 1. we have examined the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) on basal mucus volume, lysozyme and albumin outputs from the ferret whole trachea in vitro, and on the outputs produced by methacholine and substance p (sp). we have also examined the effect of inhibiting neutral enkephalinase with thiorphan on the responses to cgrp. 2. cgrp (1-100 nm) produced small concentration-dependent increases in basal mucus volume, lysozyme and albumin outputs. these effect of cgrp were enhanced by ... | 1991 | 1710527 |
| the role of substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide containing nerve fibers in maintaining fungiform taste buds in the rat after a chronic chorda tympani nerve injury. | taste buds in the anterior part of the tongue of adult rats were denervated by unilateral resection of the chorda tympani nerve in the middle ear. three months later one group of animals was perfused and their tongues were processed for demonstration of substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) immunoreactivity. fungiform taste buds found on the denervated side showed increased numbers of intragemmal sp- and cgrp-immunoreactive (ir) fibers compared to the normal side. compared ... | 1991 | 1710573 |
| the possibility of participation of different protein kinases in the regulation of degradation of glp6[125i]tyr8sp6-11 with different endopeptidases in subcellular fractions of rat brain. | 1. nuclear fraction of cortex and synaptosomal fraction of hippocampus of rat brain were preincubated with atp and different, "second messengers" as well as some "classical" neurotransmitters and then incubated with glp6[125i]tyr8sp6-11 (jp). 2. it was found that different neurotransmitters and especially "second messengers" might be involved in the activation or inhibition of peptidase i and ii. 3. activation of different protein kinases results in substantial modulation of degradation of jp (s ... | 1991 | 1710583 |
| functional interactions between angiotensin ii and substance p in the dorsal medulla. | low doses of either angiotensin (ang) ii or substance p (sp) microinjected into the medial nucleus tractus solitarii (nts) produce hypotension and bradycardia, mimicking activation of the baroreceptor reflex. anatomical evidence suggests that ang ii binding sites in the medial nts are located presynaptically on vagal afferent fibers that may contain sp and are codistributed with sp binding sites located postsynaptically on intrinsic medial nts neurons. to evaluate whether the similar cardiovascu ... | 1991 | 1710606 |
| molybdenum requirement for translocation of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase to the periplasmic space in a photodenitrifier, rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans. | translocation of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) reductase to the periplasmic space was studied in vivo with a photodenitrifier, rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, using immunoblotting analysis and radioactive labeling. a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass about 2,000 da higher than that of dmso reductase accumulated during induction of the reductase with dmso. an uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, inhibited the processing of the polypeptide after cells had been r ... | 1991 | 1710616 |
| guinea pig pancreatic ganglia: projections, transmitter content, and the type-specific localization of monoamine oxidase. | the ganglionated plexus of the guinea pig pancreas was investigated by using histochemical, immunocytochemical, and tract-tracing methods in order to determine whether pancreatic ganglia are analogous to the ganglia of the enteric nervous system (ens). three lines of evidence suggest that the ganglia of the pancreas appear to be interconnected with one another, as are enteric ganglia. first, microinjections of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold into individual pancreatic ganglia labeled the perik ... | 1991 | 1710627 |
| in vivo pupillary constrictor effects of substance p in man. | the ocular effects of substance p (sp) were studied in 13 normal volunteers. various concentrations of sp (0.135, 1.35 and 135 micrograms per 100 microliters) were instilled into the conjunctival sac and pupillary area changes were evaluated by means of an electronic pupillometer. the ability of sp to modify the mydriasis induced by pretreatment with 1% homatropine eyedrops was also studied. the instillation of sp produced miosis in a dose-dependent manner without provoking any ocular disturbanc ... | 1991 | 1710751 |
| tachykinins (substance p, neurokinin a, neuropeptide k, and neurokinin b) in the cerebral circulation: vasomotor responses in vitro and in situ. | the vasomotor responses of tachykinins have been studied in the cerebral vasculature of human, pig, cat, and guinea pig. substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb), and neuropeptide k (npk) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of precontracted cerebral arteries in all species when examined by a sensitive in vitro technique. in addition, the relaxant responses to sp, nka, and nkb were studied in cat pial arterioles by peptide microapplication in situ. in human pial vessels, t ... | 1991 | 1711051 |
| ultrastructural localization of substance p, met-enkephalin, and somatostatin immunoreactivity in lamina x of the primate spinal cord. | the ultrastructural localization of substance p (sp), met-enkephalin (menk), and somatostatin (ss) in the lamina x area surrounding the central canal of the macaque monkey was examined by the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. the most common synaptic terminals in lamina x were simple terminals (s) with small rounded or pleomorphic clear vesicles; one to two dense-core vesicles were occasionally also present. these were found on soma, dendrites, and dendritic spines, in all regions of la ... | 1991 | 1711056 |
| substance p mechanisms in the regulation of striated muscle microcirculation. | the effects of substance p (sp) on microvessels in the cremaster of sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized male, sprague-dawley rats were investigated using closed-circuit television microscopy. topically added sp (bath concentrations of 10(-13) to 10(-8) m) caused significant dilation of small arterioles. sp vasodilation was sensitive to pretreatment of the muscle tissue with sp analogues, [d-arg1, d-pro2, d-trp7,9, leu11]-substance p (aptl-sp) and [d-pro2, d-trp7,9]-substance p (pt-sp). attenuation ... | 1991 | 1711143 |
| dopamine dependent decrease in enkephalin and substance p levels in basal ganglia regions of postmortem parkinsonian brains. | this study examined whether a relationship exists between the degree of dopamine (da) loss and the changes in opioid (met5-enkephalin, me; dynorphin a (1-8) (dyn)) or tachykinin (substance p, sp) peptidergic systems in basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) and limbic (frontal cortex) regions of postmortem tissue samples derived from patients who died of parkinson's disease (pd). the levels of me, sp and dyn were determined by radioimmunoassays. the levels of da and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) and t ... | 1991 | 1711165 |
| pharmacological actions of substance p in the rat vas deferens. | sp produces two different muscular responses in the isolated vas deferens of the rat. 1) a myotropic, post-synaptic effect that results from stimulation of one subtype of sp receptor, located on the membrane of the smooth muscle (nk-3 receptor). 2) a neurogenic effect at the pre-synaptic level that results from stimulation of another subtype of sp receptor, located on the nerve terminals (nk-1 receptor). | 1991 | 1711166 |
| intrathecal somatostatin, somatostatin analogs, substance p analog and dynorphin a cause comparable neurotoxicity in rats. | rats chronically implanted with intrathecal catheters received intrathecal injections (10 microliters followed by 10 microliters saline flush) of either saline (n = 5), somatostatin (100 micrograms, n = 10), the somatostatin analog bim 23003 (100 micrograms, n = 5), the somatostatin analog sms 201-995 (100 micrograms, n = 5), the substance p analog [d-pro2, d-trp7,9] sp (10 micrograms, n = 10), or dynorphin a (1-17) (20 nmol, n = 8). these doses (somatostatin, substance p and dynorphin a) were s ... | 1990 | 1711172 |
| neurokinin and nmda antagonists (but not a kainic acid antagonist) are antinociceptive in the mouse formalin model. | while much evidence implicates substance p (sp), an endogenous neurokinin (nk), as a primary sensory transmitter of acute pain in mammalian spinal cord, its role in continuous (tonic) pain is less clear. although glutamate is co-localized with sp in dorsal root ganglion neurons, its role in nociceptive processing is uncertain. while antagonists of nks and excitatory amino acids (eaas) have been found to be antinociceptive in some acute assays, they have not been tested against tonic pain. we hyp ... | 1991 | 1711193 |
| effect of heat shock on gene expression of aedes albopictus cells infected with mayaro virus. | three major mayaro virus proteins of 62, 50 and 34 kda were detected in aedes albopictus cells after 48 h postinfection at 28 degrees c. when the infected cells were shifted from 28 to 37 degrees c for 90 min (heat shock conditions), the synthesis of two major heat shock proteins (hsp) 82 and 70 kda was induced concomitantly with strong inhibition of virus and normal protein synthesis. total cellular rna was isolated from mock and infected cells incubated at 28 degrees c or under heat shock. nor ... | 1991 | 1711236 |
| regional differences in the distribution of nerve fibers showing substance p- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat larynx. | the distribution of substance p (sp) - and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) - containing nerve fibers in the rat larynx was studied using immunohistochemistry. double-labeling studies revealed a high degree of co-existence of sp- and cgrp-like immunoreactivity (li) in the nerve fibers in the larynx. there was a considerable regional difference in the number of immunoreactive nerve fibers in the epithelium and lamina propria. richly supplied sites were the laryngeal side of the epiglottis a ... | 1991 | 1711296 |
| electronmicroscopic detection of the axonal coexistence of serotonin and substance p in b1-b2 raphé cells transplanted into the transected spinal cord of adult rats. | one week after a complete spinal cord transection at the thoracic (t8) level in adult rats, a suspension of rhombencephalic embryonic (day 14) cells containing the b1-b2 serotonergic groups was injected below the section. after a survival period of one month, the spinal cord was processed for an ultrastructural dual immunocytochemical detection of serotonin (5-ht) and substance p (sp). it was shown by ultrastructural dual immunolabeling that 5-ht and sp coexist in the same axon terminals of tran ... | 1991 | 1711401 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: changes in the levels of certain intestinal regulatory peptides in infected c57 mice. | the levels of 10 regulatory peptides in acid-alcohol extracts of three regions of the small intestine (0-20%, 30-60%, and 70-100%, with respect to distance from the pylorus) have been monitored radioimmunometrically in sham-infected male (6-8 week old) c57 mice and mice given a 5-cysticercoid infection of the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta and autopsied 10 days postprimary infection and 5 days postsecondary infection (administered 28 days postprimary infection). the regulatory peptides examin ... | 1991 | 1711477 |
| effects of substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide on the pulmonary circulation. | to assess the in vivo effects of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and substance p (sp) on the pulmonary vascular bed, the hemodynamic responses to both cgrp and sp were examined in the in situ-perfused lung lobe of open-chest anesthetized pigs. peptides were infused into the lobar artery under conditions of elevated pulmonary vascular tone by prostaglandin f2 alpha (pgf2 alpha, 20 micrograms/min). pulmonary airway lobar dynamic compliance (cdyn) and airway resistance (re) ... | 1991 | 1711523 |
| fine structure of substance p-containing nerve fibers in the rat lateral septum; simultaneous localization in pre- and postsynaptic elements. | the fine structure of nerve fibers with substance p (sp)-like immunoreactivity in the rat lateral septum (ls) was investigated by preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. sp axon terminals frequently made synapses with non-immunoreactive neuronal soma and dendrites in the ls. occasionally, two closely apposed nerve endings with sp immunoreactivity were presynaptic to the soma. a small number of immunopositive axon terminals formed synapses not only with neuronal perikarya but also with small dend ... | 1991 | 1711662 |
| the role of substance p of the central nervous system in the pathogenesis of spontaneously hypertensive rats. | in comparing the involvement of substance p (sp) in the central regulation of vasomotor tone in wistar-kyoto (wky) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr), we found that: the degree of sp-like immunoreactivity (spli) in the hypothalamus, rostral ventral surface of the medulla oblongata (rvm) and intermediolateral cell column (iml) of the thoracic spinal cord of shr rats was significantly higher than in wky rats; intrathecal injection (ith) of sp receptor antagonist d-pro2, d-phe7, d-trp9- ... | 1990 | 1711696 |
| immunocytochemical determination of antigen and epitope specificity of hiv-1-specific b cells in lymph-node biopsies from hiv-1-infected individuals. | knowledge about b-cell dysfunction and hiv-specific antibody production is necessary for the understanding of both hiv-1-related immunopathology and the (vaccine-induced) humoral immunity involved in protection against aids. this paper describes the application of recently developed methods to detect epitope specificity of b cells in lymph-node biopsies with antigen-enzyme conjugates. cryosections of five lymph-node biopsies from hiv-1-infected individuals and four control tissues were stained w ... | 1991 | 1711861 |
| role of endogenous endothelin in the development of hypertension in rats. | to further elucidate the pathophysiologic role of endogenous endothelin (et), we have studied the chronic effect of anti-et gamma-globulin on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and stroke prone shr (shr-sp) for three weeks. in neither shr nor shr-sp did repetitive bolus injection of anti-et gamma-globulin suppress the rise in blood pressure. the present data suggest that endogenous et is not likely to play a key role in the development of hypertension, altho ... | 1991 | 1711867 |
| influence of selenium on the efficiency of fungicide action against certain fungi. | aspergillus funiculosus was isolated from rotted banana fruits, whereas alternaria tenuis and fusarium sp. were isolated from rotted tomato fruits. the isolated fungi tolerated relatively high levels of the fungicide, dithane, up to 2560 ppm on solid medium, but grew well at 40 ppm when supplemented with liquid medium. they are able to tolerate selenite up to 2% (w/v) sodium selenite. a. funiculosus showed no growth in the presence of mixture of 2.5 ppm selenium and 20 ppm dithane, whereas fusar ... | 1991 | 1711889 |
| comparative gene frequencies between the canchim breed of brazil beef cattle and their foundation breeds. | 1. four hundred and seventy-five animals of the canchim breed from embrapa-uepae de sao carlos were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. 2. albumin, amylase, transferrins, carbonic anhydrase, hemoglobin and nucleoside phosphorylase gene frequencies were compared with the same frequencies in the foundation breeds, charolais and indubrazil. 3. theoretical values obtained considering the 5/8 european, 3/8 zebu admixture are near the means calculated from our results and data from literature. | 1991 | 1711946 |
| [the role of plasma substance p and catecholamines in hypertension]. | in the present study, the contents of plasma substance p (sp) and noradrenaline (na) and adrenaline (ad) in human normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension as well as wistar-kyoto (wky) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) were measured. the results showed that: (1) the levels of plasma sp in both hypertensive subjects were lower than that in both normotensive subjects. (2) the concentration of plasma na and ad were significantly higher in patients with essential h ... | 1991 | 1711954 |
| effects of actinomycin d on airway constriction induced by tachykinins and capsaicin in guinea-pigs. | the effects of actinomycin d on airway constriction induced by tachykinins was studied in guinea-pigs in vitro and in vivo. actinomycin d significantly inhibited the constriction of isolated guinea-pig trachea induced by neurokinin a (nka) and eledoisin. conversely, substance p (sp)- and physalaemine-induced constrictions were not affected by actinomycin d. the same selectivity in the inhibitory action of actinomycin d against tachykinins was also observed in in vivo. actinomycin d given i.v. sp ... | 1991 | 1711981 |
| neutral endopeptidase modulates substance p-induced activation of human neutrophils. | neutral endopeptidase (nep; ec 3.4.24.11) is well recognized as a regulatory peptidase for substance p (sp)-induced responses in various tissues. to determine whether nep regulates sp-induced activation of human neutrophils, we examined the effect of the nep inhibitor phosphoramidon on sp-induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis in human blood neutrophils. sp (10(-6)-10(-4) m) induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis in the neutrophils dose dependently. the nep inhibitor enhanced the sp- ... | 1990 | 1712001 |
| pyrrolomycin group antibiotics inhibit substance p-induced release of myeloperoxidase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | in order to search for microbial modulators of the activity of neuropeptide, we established a screen based on substance p (sp)-induced myeloperoxidase (mpo) release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). sp induced mpo release in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 approximately 10 x 10(-4) m. in comparison at 1 x 10(-4) m, induction was also observed with sp derivatives but not with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin and enkephalin. based on this, we searched fo ... | 1991 | 1712007 |
| effects of neuropeptides, ruthenium red and neuraminidase on chemoreflexes mediated by afferents in the dog epicardium. | 1. experiments were performed on anaesthetized, open-chest dogs to determine reflex effects on blood pressure and heart rate produced by stimulation of neural afferents of the left ventricular epicardium by local application of capsaicin, bradykinin, nicotine and the neuropeptides substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp). 2. studies also included assessing whether reflexogenic actions of capsaicin, bradykinin and nicotine are influenced ... | 1991 | 1712037 |
| injection of tachykinins and selective neurokinin receptor ligands into the substantia nigra reticulata increases striatal dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. | bilateral injection of endogenous tachykinins (substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka)) and selective neurokinin receptor ligands (senktide, [sar9,met(o2)11]sp, [mephe7]nkb) into the substantia nigra reticulata increased striatal dopamine and serotonin metabolism. the increase in dopamine metabolism in the dorsal striatum at a low dose of the substances may be a direct effect on dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra reticulata via nk1 and nk3 receptors. the lack of effect at intermediate doses m ... | 1991 | 1712305 |
| isolation, transcription, and inactivation of the gene for an atypical alkaline phosphatase of synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. | the alkaline phosphatase of synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942 is 145 kda, which is larger than any alkaline phosphatase previously characterized and approximately three times the size of the analogous enzyme in escherichia coli. the gene for the alkaline phosphatase, phoa, was cloned and sequenced, and the protein that it encodes was found to have little similarity to other phosphatases. some sequence similarities were observed between the synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942 alkaline phosphatase, ... | 1991 | 1712356 |
| characterization of nk-3 binding sites in rat and guinea pig cortical membranes by the selective ligand [3h]senktide. | we have used [3h]senktide, a selective neurokinin b receptor ligand, for the characterization of nk-3 receptors in rat and guinea pig cns membranes. scatchard analysis of saturation binding studies in cerebral cortex membranes indicated that this ligand bound to a single site with apparent high affinity (kd = 4.6 +/- 1.6 and 3.1 +/- 0.37 nm, bmax = 13.7 +/- 1.6 and 21.8 +/- 2.2 fmol/mg protein in rat and guinea pig membranes, respectively). however, in competition studies with a group of neuroki ... | 1991 | 1712430 |
| modulation of neural bronchoconstrictor responses in the guinea pig respiratory tract by vasoactive intestinal peptide. | vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) is localised to cholinergic nerves in airways. we have investigated the effects of vip on both cholinergic and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (nanc) neuronal bronchoconstrictor responses to electrical field stimulation (efs) in guinea pig airways and on cholinergic neurotransmission following sensory nerve depletion. vip significantly attenuated the cholinergic bronchoconstrictor responses to efs in trachea (ec50 values in upper and lower trachea of 3.7 +/- 0 ... | 1991 | 1712431 |
| substance p and substance k in the rat hypothalamus following monosodium glutamate lesions of the arcuate nucleus. | adult rats treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate (msg) exhibit lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. following msg lesioning, dopamine content in median eminence/arcuate nucleus (me/an) tissue extracts declined by 60-70%. substance p (sp) content as determined by radioimmunoassay was significantly decreased in the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) (531 +/- 30 pg, mean +/- sem) compared to controls (871 +/- 110 pg) but was unchanged in me/an extracts. substance k (sk) content dec ... | 1991 | 1712432 |
| elevated levels of substance p in intraocular fluid in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. | proliferative vitreoretinopathy is the most common reason for failure in retinal reattachment surgery. since both substance p (sp) and sp receptors were found to be present in the human eye, and as pharmacological studies suggest an importance of sp for ocular functions, we investigated intraocular fluids for the presence of sp in eyes elected for cataract surgery, retinal detachment surgery and retina surgery for severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr) as well as in eyes with proliferative ... | 1991 | 1712468 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide, neurokinin a and substance p: effects on nociception and neurogenic inflammation in human skin and temporal muscle. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) was injected alone and in combination with substance p (sp) or neurokinin a (nka) into the forearm skin and temporal muscle of human volunteers. in the skin, 50 pmol of cgrp induced a wheal response and a delayed erythema. no pain was recorded. no interaction between cgrp and sp or nka was observed. in the temporal muscle, 200 pmol of cgrp alone did not induce pain or tenderness but, in combination with sp or nka, cgrp elicited a significant pain sensation. ... | 1991 | 1712469 |
| substance p innervation of spleen in rats: nerve fibers associate with lymphocytes and macrophages in specific compartments of the spleen. | we investigated the distribution of sp+ nerve fibers in the spleen of adult male fischer 344 rats. sp+ nerve fibers entered the spleen with the splenic artery in the hilar region, arborized along the venous sinuses, and extended from these larger plexuses into trabeculae and the surrounding red pulp. in the white pulp, sp+ nerve fibers were found in the marginal zone, and in the outer regions of the pals among t lymphocytes. no sp+ nerve fibers were observed in association with the splenic capsu ... | 1991 | 1712652 |
| tachykinin receptor cross-talk. immunological cross-reactivity between the external domains of the substance k and substance p receptors. | in the present study, we have chemically synthesized peptides which correspond to the four putative extracellular domains of the predicted substance k (sk) receptor protein and raised specific polyclonal antibodies against these peptides. these antibodies were then tested for both structural and functional recognition of epitopes on the substance p (sp) receptor on rat ar42j pancreatic cells and human im9 lymphoblasts, which express the sp receptor, but not the sk receptor. antibodies directed a ... | 1991 | 1712653 |
| comparative aspects of the distribution of substance p and dopamine immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of amniotes. | in the present account, the relation between the descending, substance p (sp)-containing projection fibers from the striatum and the dopaminergic cell bodies in the midbrain tegmentum was investigated in several species of reptiles and the domestic chicken by means of antisera against sp and dopamine. it was found that in all species studied an almost complete match of the sp and the dopamine immunoreactivity occurs in the ventral tegmental area. in contrast, considerable differences were observ ... | 1991 | 1712657 |
| construction and characterization of cyanobacterial mutants lacking the manganese-stabilizing polypeptide of photosystem ii. | mutants of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pasteur culture collection (pcc) 6803 that specifically lack the extrinsic 33-kda manganese-stabilizing polypeptide of the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving complex have been constructed by two independent methods. cartridge mutagenesis was used to insertionally inactivate the psbo gene of one mutant and completely delete the psbo gene of the other mutant. these mutants have no detectable manganese-stabilizing polypeptide, but they do accumulate stead ... | 1991 | 1712783 |
| capsaicin and sensory neuropeptide stimulation of goblet cell secretion in guinea-pig trachea. | 1. we studied the effect of capsaicin and sensory neuropeptides on tracheal goblet cell secretion in anaesthetized guinea-pigs using a semi-quantitative morphometric technique whereby the magnitude of discharge of stained intracellular mucus, expressed as a mucus score (ms), was related inversely to discharge. 2. capsaicin (i.v.) induced goblet cell secretion: a decrease of 50% in ms below control (indicative of increased secretion) was maximal at 3.3 x 10(-9) mol/kg. 3. capsaicin-induced secret ... | 1990 | 1712847 |
| expression of substance p and preprotachykinin mrna by primary sensory neurons in culture: regulation by factors present in peripheral and central target tissues. | primary sensory neurons display various neuronal phenotypes which may be influenced by factors present in central or peripheral targets. in the case of drg cells expressing substance p (sp), the influence of peripheral or central targets was tested on the neuronal expression of this neuropeptide. drg cells were cultured from chick embryo at e6 or e10 (before or after establishment of functional connections with targets). preprotachykinin mrna was visualized in drg cell cultures by either norther ... | 1991 | 1712886 |
| morphine, but not sodium cromoglycate, modulates the release of substance p from capsaicin-sensitive neurones in the rat trachea in vitro. | 1. opioids have been shown to inhibit substance p (sp) release from primary afferent neurones (pan). in addition, opioid receptors have been identified on pan of the vagus nerves. sodium cromoglycate (scg) decreases the excitability of c-fibres in the lung of the dog in vivo. we have utilised a multi-superfusion system to investigate the effect of opioids and scg on the release of sp from the rat trachea in vitro. 2. pretreatment of newborn rats with capsaicin (50 mg kg-1 s.c. at day 1 and 2 of ... | 1991 | 1713104 |
| gabab receptor modulation of the release of substance p from capsaicin-sensitive neurones in the rat trachea in vitro. | 1. the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) as an inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system is well documented. recently, gabaa and gabab receptors have been identified in the peripheral nervous system, notably on primary afferent neurones (pan). we have utilised a multi-superfusion system to investigate the effect of selective gaba receptor agonists and antagonists on the release of substance p (sp) from the rat trachea in vitro. 2. gaba (1-100 microm) did not affect spontaneous re ... | 1991 | 1713105 |
| serotonin regulation of tachykinin biosynthesis in the rat neostriatum. | serotonin (5-ht) neurotransmission was altered to determine its role in regulating the biosynthesis of tachykinins in the neostriatum (ns). depletion of 5-ht with subchronic p-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa) treatment decreased preprotachykinin (ppt, the prohormone precursor to sp) mrna levels in the ns. by contrast, raising extracellular 5-ht levels with zimelidine (a 5-ht uptake inhibitor) or clorgyline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) resulted in increased levels of ppt mrna. to determine whether 5 ... | 1991 | 1713119 |
| effects of substance-p and neuropeptide-y on in vitro steroid release by porcine granulosa and luteal cells. | the presence of substance-p (sp)- and neuropeptide-y (npy)-like immunoreactivity was recently shown in nerves that innervate the ovary. in the present in vitro study we demonstrate that both peptides have direct effects on ovarian steroidogenesis. in cultured porcine granulosa (g-) cells, neither peptide affected progesterone (p) production under basal conditions, but they both inhibited gonadotropin-stimulated p secretion. in luteal (l-) cell cultures, basal as well as hcg-stimulated p release ... | 1991 | 1713157 |
| effect of neurokinin a, substance p and calcitonin gene related peptide in peripheral hyperalgesia in the rat paw. | the effect of neurokinin a (nka), substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in peripheral hyperalgesia was studied in rats using a modification of the randall-selitto paw test. nka was 10 times more potent than sp which was 500 times more potent than cgrp in inducing hyperalgesia in the rat paw, suggesting that nka and sp but not cgrp could have an important role in acute hyperalgesic conditions. furthermore, sensitization induced by several injections of subthreshold doses of ... | 1991 | 1713317 |