| relationship between expression of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins and susceptibility of target cells to human natural killer activity. | cells normally insensitive to human natural killer (nk) activity were rendered susceptible by infection with hsv-1. the cytotoxic effector cell was a nonadherent, non-t, non-b lymphocyte. antibody plus complement treatment, using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an antigen present on nk cells, removed much of the cytotoxic activity, and a density gradient fraction enriched for nk cells yielded cells of increased virus-specific cytotoxicity. it was concluded that the effector cell active aga ... | 1983 | 6189940 |
| enhancement of susceptibility of hsv-1-infected cells to natural killer lysis by interferon. | the effect of interferon (ifn) on the natural killer (nk) activity of human pbl against hsv-1-infected hela cells was studied. human pbl from several individuals did not consistently show a preferential lysis of hsv-1-, vaccinia-, or adenovirus type 5-infected cells with respect to uninfected hela cells. treatment with ifn of effector pbl increased their lytic activity but did not alter the degree of preference on the lysis of the target cells shown by untreated pbl. pretreatment with ifn of hsv ... | 1983 | 6190939 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gf and type 1 glycoprotein gc have related antigenic determinants. | the 104-s monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated from herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected cell extracts the 75,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein gf and its 65,000-molecular-weight precursor (pgf). the precursor pgf was sensitive to endoglycosidase h digestion, indicating the presence of high mannose-type oligosaccharides, whereas the stable gf product was sensitive to neuraminidase digestion, indicating the presence of sialic acid residues. the 104-s antibody also weakly precipitated th ... | 1983 | 6191040 |
| inhibition by interferon of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and dna polymerase in infected and biochemically transformed cells. | the induction of thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase was inhibited by interferon (ifn) in mouse l-cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the inhibitory activity of ifn at this early stage of hsv-1 replication was followed by a reduced virus yield and was dependent on the multiplicity of infection. the expression of a cloned thymidine kinase (tk) gene of hsv-1, in biochemically transformed l-cells (ltk+), was not affected by ifn. these same ltk+ cells, however, developed an ... | 1983 | 6193244 |
| role of interferon in human natural killer activity against target cells infected with hsv-1. | human natural killer (nk) cells show high cytotoxic activity against target cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). substantial amounts of interferon (ifn) were generated in co-cultures of nk effector cells and infected target cells; however, the cytotoxic activity seen against a specific infected cell target did not correlate with the amount of ifn induced. the production of ifn increased steadily from 4 to 18 hr of co-culture, as did nk activity; however, ifn production peaked ... | 1983 | 6194217 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 2 75,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein antigenically related to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c. | evidence is presented that the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein previously designated gf is antigenically related to herpes simplex virus type 1 gc (gc-1). an antiserum prepared against type 1 virion envelope proteins immunoprecipitated gf of type 2 (gf-2), and competition experiments revealed that the anti-gc-1 component of the antiserum was responsible for the anti-gf-2 cross-reactivity. an antiserum prepared against fully denatured purified gf-2, however, and three anti-gf-2 monoclona ... | 1983 | 6194310 |
| investigation of the effect of cellular and viral nucleic acids on certain virus infections. note 2. effect of nucleic acids on virus multiplication in cell cultures. | treatment of cell cultures with different natural nucleic acids prior to inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 led in certain cases to an obvious reduction in infectant titer. the reduction was maximum at a dose of 50 micrograms nucleic acid/culture tube and it was not dependent on the nature of the nucleic acid preparation. the antiviral effect of nucleic acids was enhanced by complexation with intercalation agents such as ethidium bromide or violamycin bi. no detectable amounts of interfe ... | 1983 | 6195811 |
| comparison of the antiviral effects of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate with adenine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate. | methoxymethyldeoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (mmudr-mp) and arabinofuranosyladenine-5'-monophosphate (ara-amp) had significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in rk-13 and vero cells. mmudr-mp and ara-amp were more potent than methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (mmudr) and arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) against the ms strain of hsv-2. mmudr-mp inhibited replication of hsv-1r (mutant resistant to mmudr). mmudr in combination with ara-amp showed additive act ... | 1983 | 6197027 |
| recognition of herpes simplex virus antigens on the surface of mouse cells of the h-2b haplotype by virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein(s) in association with the h-2k and the h-2d gene products of the h-2b complex was examined by using cell lines derived from h-2 recombinant mice as target cells, and by using h-2 recombinant mouse strains for the generation of hsv-specific ctl populations. ctl from h-2b hsv-immunized mice were found to lyse hsv-infected b6/wt-3 (kbdb) and k5rsv (kbdd) cells, but not khtgsv (kddb) cells. unlabeled hsv-inf ... | 1984 | 6197457 |
| localization and synthesis of an antigenic determinant of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d that stimulates the production of neutralizing antibody. | an antigenic determinant capable of inducing type-common herpes simplex virus (hsv)-neutralizing antibodies has been located on glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv type 1 (hsv-1). a peptide of 16 amino acids corresponding to residues 8 to 23 of the mature glycoprotein (residues 33 to 48 of the predicted gd-1 sequence) was synthesized. this peptide reacted with an anti-gd monoclonal antibody (group vii) previously shown to neutralize the infectivity of hsv-1 and hsv-2. the peptide was also recognized by p ... | 1984 | 6197535 |
| effect of hyaluronidase on cell response to the antiviral and interferon inducing activity of poly(ri) . poly(rc). | the effect of hyaluronidase on cell response to poly(ri) . poly(rc) [poly(ic)] was investigated in rabbit kidney (rk) cells. for this purpose, bovine testicular and staphylococcal hyaluronidase preparations at various degrees of purity were used. these enzyme preparations were employed at the maximal nontoxic dose for 2 hours before poly(ic) treatment. this enzymatic pretreatment of the cells strongly inhibited the antiviral activity of poly(ic), determined by using both herpes simplex virus typ ... | 1983 | 6197954 |
| identification of infected cell-specific monoclonal antibodies and their role in host resistance to ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | monoclonal antibodies 35s and 55s, specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins gb and gd respectively, were found to react with infected cell membranes but not cell-free virions. this indicates that the spectrum of viral determinants detectable on the infected cell surface is not identical to that detectable on the virion envelope. the monoclonal antibody 35s could promote recovery from ocular hsv-1 infection in mice. thus, antibody reactive with infective cell-specific determ ... | 1984 | 6199458 |
| transcriptional and genetic analyses of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome: coordinates 0.29 to 0.45. | we have constructed a map of the genes encoded by a 23,000-nucleotide-pair region of herpes simplex virus type 1. this region, defined by the three adjacent ecori fragments n (map coordinates 0.298 to 0.315), f (0.315 to 0.421), and m (0.421 to 0.448), has previously been shown by genetic analysis to contain the genes for thymidine kinase, nucleocapsid protein p40, glycoprotein b, dna-binding protein, and dna polymerase. we report the identification and mapping of rnas defining 13 viral genes en ... | 1984 | 6199514 |
| identification and preliminary mapping with monoclonal antibodies of a herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein lacking a known type 1 counterpart. | the properties of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2)-specific proteins reactive with monoclonal antibody h966 derived from mice immunized with hsv-2 strain g are reported. the reactive proteins contained in infected cell lysates subjected to electrophoresis in denaturing gels and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets form a relatively sharp band characteristic of mr 124,000 proteins and a diffuse, more slowly migrating band. antigens reactive with h966 were detected on the surface of viable, unfixed ... | 1984 | 6199891 |
| herpes simplex virus - induced interferon production and activation of natural killer cells in sm/j mice. relation to antiviral resistance. | we have studied the susceptibility of sm/j mice to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) and have searched for correlations of susceptibility with the activation of natural killer (nk) cells and with local induction of interferon. sm/j were exceedingly susceptible to virus infection as they could be killed by less than 10 plaque forming units (pfu). the nk cell system of these mice, as measured by the activity of spleen cells against yac-1 lymphoma cells, was hy ... | 1983 | 6200068 |
| a rapid procedure for the enrichment of undenaturated, antigenically active herpes simplex virus glycoproteins. | the usefulness of lentil lectin affinity chromatography for the rapid enrichment of hsv glycoproteins in an undenatured state for both research and clinical purposes was investigated. in order to compare the lentil lectin-binding characteristics and immunologic specificities of undenatured hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoproteins, [35s]methionine-labelled extracts of virus-infected hep-2 cells were subjected to lentil lectin affinity chromatography. individual hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoproteins in bound and unb ... | 1984 | 6200489 |
| antiviral activity of wratizolin. | wratizolin, the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was found to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex, type 1 and 2, viruses (hsv-1, hsv-2) in vitro. the selectivity of the antiviral action is low because the drug disturbs cellular metabolism. wratizolin at the relatively low concentration (37 micrograms/ml) inactivates partially purified hsv-2 after incubation for 30 min at 37 degrees. the addition of albumin to the reaction mixture inhibits the virucidal activity of the drug. wratiz ... | 1983 | 6202270 |
| differences in antigenic properties of fc-binding activity during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | the antigenic properties of the fc receptor induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were studied with anti-hsv f(ab')2 and pfc' from infected rabbits. it appeared that the hsv-induced fc-binding receptor had different antigenic characteristics at different times after infection. the fc receptor present early in the infection (0.5 hours), during the adsorption period, most probably is the result of a fusion event between the virus envelope and the infected cell. we found that this fc recep ... | 1984 | 6202279 |
| successful use of oligopeptides as immunogens in the preparation of antisera to immediate-early gene products of herpes simplex virus type 1. | antisera to two herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early gene products ( ie12 and ie175 ) have been produced using oligopeptides, constructed on the basis of proposed dna coding sequences, as immunogens. in both cases the synthetic peptides were linked to bovine serum albumin via an n-terminal tyrosine prior to immunization. both the ie12 and the ie175 antisera reacted with their respective hsv-1 antigens and with antigens produced by the hsv-1 immediate-early mutant tsk but not with ... | 1984 | 6202828 |
| monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins show that epitope location influences virus neutralization. | three monoclonal antibodies, g8d1 , c2d2 , and ti57 , reacting with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins have been characterised according to the location of their epitope and ability to neutralize infective virus. immune electron microscopy and a blocking radioimmunoassay were used to locate the epitopes. the results indicate that the epitope recognised by g8d1 is located on the surface of the glycoprotein fringe, whereas those recognized by c2d2 and ti57 are interior with respect to this. ... | 1984 | 6202837 |
| localization of a type-specific antigenic site on herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein d. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 strain isolated from a recurrent lesion of the nose reacted with monoclonal antibodies recognizing a type 2-specific site on glycoprotein d but not with monoclonal antibodies recognizing other type 2-specific sites. dna sequence analysis of the glycoprotein d gene of the isolate revealed a single nucleotide alteration which changed the codon for asparagine to one encoding histidine at amino acid 97 in the protein. histidine is located at this position in glycoprotei ... | 1984 | 6202883 |
| mutations affecting conformation or sequence of neutralizing epitopes identified by reactivity of viable plaques segregate from syn and ts domains of hsv-1(f) gb gene. | three classes of hsv-1(f) mutants expressing a resistance phenotype to two highly potent-type common monoclonal antibodies, h126-5 and h233, to glycoprotein b (gb) were selected. class 1 mutants, selected for resistance to neutralization from nonmutagenized virus stocks, expressed a gb which reacted in biotin-avidin-enhanced surface immunoassays and in immune precipitation tests with the selecting antibodies. class 2 and 3 mutants were selected for nonreactivity in the biotin-avidin-enhanced sur ... | 1984 | 6204443 |
| herpes simplex virus persistence in mouse neuroblastoma (c 1300) cell cultures: role of interferon. | the mp strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) induced a persistent infection in the mouse c 1300 neuronal cell line (clone n 115). c 1300 cultures infected at an moi of 0.01 or 0.001 survived the initial infection and continued to produce infectious virus and viral antigens for 185 days and 31 days, respectively. viral antigens were not detected in cultures no longer producing infectious virus; these "cured" cultures had comparable susceptibility to reinfection with hsv as previously uninf ... | 1984 | 6205121 |
| human natural killer cell recognition of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins: specificity analysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antigenic variants. | the specificity of human natural killer (nk) cells for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected wish cells was examined by using virus-specific antibodies to block nk killing and by using targets infected with virus variants that express antigenically altered cell surface glycoproteins. fab fragments of human immunoglobulin (ig) derived from an hsv-1 seropositive individual blocked nk activity against hsv-1-infected cells, whereas fab fragments from a seronegative individual had no effect. f ... | 1984 | 6206157 |
| inhibition of the herpes simplex virus-coded thymidine kinase-complex by 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate (ara-amp) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine-monophosphate (acyclo-gmp). | the thymidine kinase-complex isolated from herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) is associated with the following enzyme activities:atp:dthd (dcyd) deoxypyrimidine kinase, atp:dtmp thymidylate kinase, adp:dthd- and amp:dthd 5'-phosphotransferase. in kinetic experiments it is shown that ara-amp inhibits amp:dthd- and adp:dthd phosphotransferase activity, while acyclo-gmp impairs adp:dthd phosphotransferase reaction only; the inhibition was found to be non-competitive. the funct ... | 1984 | 6206825 |
| human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. ii. bifunctional clones with cytotoxic and virus-induced proliferative activities exhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 specific or type common reactivities. | human cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones directed against herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells were generated after stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) with hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2). these ctl clones were studied with regard to hsv type specificity and with regard to whether they also express helper cell activity. some clones, generated after stimulation with hsv-1, were cytotoxic for autologous cells infected with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 ("hsv type common clon ... | 1984 | 6207243 |
| in vivo significance of nk cell on resistance against virus (hsv-1) infections in mice. | susceptibility to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was examined in euthymic as well as athymic nude mice which were continuously depleted of natural killer (nk) cell activity by i.v. injection of anti-asialo gm1. in those nk cell activity-depleted mice, the mortality rate of infection with hsv-1 and the virus titers in the brain, liver, and spleen were notably higher than in the control mice. the enhanced susceptibility was demonstrated only in the mice receiving anti-asialo gm ... | 1984 | 6207244 |
| effect of eight antiviral drugs on the reactivation of herpes simplex virus in explant cultures of latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglia. | the effect of several antiviral drugs on the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in explant cultures of latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglia was investigated. phosphonoacetate and phosphonoformate, which act directly on the virus-induced dna polymerase, require a drug concentration of 400 micrograms/ml for the inhibition of virus reactivation in latently infected ganglia. arabinosyladenine and arabinosyladenine monophosphate, which are phosphorylated to triphosphates by cellular en ... | 1984 | 6208291 |
| enhancement of antibody formation against herpes simplex virus in mice by the t-cell mitogen bestatin. | the influence of the t-lymphocyte-stimulating dipeptide bestatin on the induction of neutralizing antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 in the mouse was investigated. dose-response experiments revealed two active ranges from 1 ng/kg to 100 ng/kg and from 10 micrograms/kg to 10 mg/kg or more. bestatin (10 mg/kg) enhanced antibody levels after primary infection, if injected between day 5 and day 8 after infection with a maximum effect at day 5. following secondary infections, bestatin was ... | 1984 | 6208315 |
| fine structure analysis of type-specific and type-common antigenic sites of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | the fine structure of the antigenic determinants of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 glycoprotein d (gd) was analyzed to determine whether structural differences underlie the differential immunogenicity of these glycoproteins. a region common to herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 gd (amino acid residues 11 to 19) and two sites specific for herpes simplex virus type 2 gd (one determined by proline at position 7, the other determined by asparagine at position 21) were localized within the n-termin ... | 1984 | 6208376 |
| experimental infection of inbred mice with herpes simplex virus. vi. effect of interferon on in vitro virus replication in macrophages. | peritoneal exudate cells (pec) of dba/2 mice, after 7 days of in vitro preculture and consisting of virtually 100 per cent macrophages, were able to support the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain wal (hsv). using a standard medium based on dulbecco's modified eagle medium (d-mem), no virus replication was observed in freshly isolated pec. however a medium based on rpmi 1640 consistently yielded higher virus titres in precultured pec than the d-mem medium, and also allowed virus re ... | 1984 | 6208880 |
| clonal analysis of t-cell responses to herpes simplex virus: isolation, characterization and antiviral properties of an antigen-specific helper t-cell clone. | a herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific long-term t-cell clone has been established from the draining lymph node cells of balb/c mice; the cells required repeated in vitro restimulation with uv-irradiated virus. the established t-cell clone expresses the thy-1 and lyt-1+2,3- surface antigens. for optimal proliferation of the cloned cells, both the presence of specific antigen and an exogenous source of t-cell growth factor are required. the proliferative response of the cloned t cells was found to ... | 1984 | 6209206 |
| protection by polyi:polyc against infection with herpes simplex virus in mice pretreated with corynebacterium parvum. | the effect of corynebacterium parvum on the protection by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyi:polyc) against lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) was studied in mice. pretreatment with c. parvum resulted in prolonged survival times in all experiments. one third of the mice survived an infection with 100 ld50, whereas all mice died when treated with polyi:polyc alone. increased protection was observed up to 6 weeks after pretreatment and only seen when both c. parvum and pol ... | 1983 | 6209572 |
| cellular interactions in the cytotoxic t lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus antigens: differential antigen activation requirements for the helper t lymphocyte and cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors. | the role and induction requirements of helper t lymphocyte responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was examined. splenocytes from mice that had been primed in vivo with infectious hsv-1 can be restimulated in vitro with live or partially uv-inactivated hsv-1 to generate high levels of herpes virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. by comparison, naive splenocytes or splenocytes taken from mice primed with heat-inactivated hsv-1 failed to generate ctl after in vitro viral s ... | 1983 | 6223080 |
| comparison of foldback sequences of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 dna. | the dnas of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) were separately denatured and allowed to renature briefly. the intrastand foldback structures that resulted from base pairing of inverted repeated sequences on otherwise single-stranded (ss) dna were visualized in the electron microscope. the two genomes were found to contain similar size classes of small duplex stem dna sequences. however, hsv-2 dna appeared to possess an additional, larger size class of foldback structures not fo ... | 1980 | 6243346 |
| physical mapping of herpes simplex virus type 1 ts mutants by marker rescue: correlation of the physical and genetic maps. | | 1980 | 6243429 |
| viral dna synthesis is required for the efficient expression of specific herpes simplex virus type 1 mrna species. | | 1980 | 6243816 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus strains isolated from patients with various diseases. | herpes simplex virus strains (hsv) were isolated from various herpetic diseases. these hsv-strains isolated in bulgaria (687) and in other countries (13) were studied by the neutralization test using standard type specific rabbit antisera and human gamma globulin. the serotype distribution of all strains showed: hsv-1 = 323 strains, hsv-2 = 372 strains, 5 strains behaved antigenically intermediate. a close correlation between the serotype of the strains and the localization of the lesions was es ... | 1980 | 6243918 |
| the incorporation of 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5-dideoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into herpes simplex virus dna. relationship between antiviral activity and effects on dna structure. | isopycnic centrifugation in cscl gradients was used to quantify the incorporation of 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into herpes simplex virus type 1 dna. a parallelism between the degree of incorporation into viral dna and the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type i replication was found for both thymidine analogs. a concentration of 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine approximately 100 times greater than 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine was required to achieve similar ... | 1980 | 6243982 |
| serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 during active oral herpes infection. | subjects with oral herpes lesions at the time of serum sampling had higher-efficiency antibody (higher proportion of neutralizing antibody as determined by plaque reduction, compared with total antibody as detected by radioimmunoassay) to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) than did subjects with no lesions at the time of serum sampling. these higher-efficiency sera also had higher antibody titers to structural components of herpes simplex virus type 1 than did the low-efficiency sera. absorptio ... | 1980 | 6244224 |
| cell-mediated immunity against herpes simplex induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the conditions required for the induction of both primary cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in vivo and secondary ctl in vitro against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells were defined. primary ctl responses occurred only in mice exposed to infectious hsv-1. these responses, which were shown to be mediated by t lymphocytes, peaked at 1 week and had disappeared by 2 weeks after infection. the level of primary cytotoxicity was enhanced by treatment of mice with cyclophosphamide before in ... | 1980 | 6244225 |
| different susceptibilities of skin to type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex viruses in newborn rabbits. | skin infections with type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) were compared with skin infections with type 2 virus (hsv-2). five strains each of hsv-1 and hsv-2 were tested by injecting 10(3) 50% tissue culture infective doses of each strain subcutaneously into 1-day-old new zealand white rabbits. all five strains of hsv- 2 produced severe skin lesions that resulted in wide dissemination of the infection to many organs, paralysis of the hind legs, and finally death. the virus could be isolated freque ... | 1980 | 6244227 |
| acycloguanosine treatment of herpesvirus infections in footpads and nervous tissue of normal and immunosuppressed mice. | treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected mice with acycloguanosine resulted in significantly fewer virus isolates from nervous tissues than from tissues of untreated animals. acycloguanosine also significantly reduced the mean titers of hsv-1 recovered from the footpads of drug-treated animals. the anti-herpetic activity of acycloguanosine was observed in both normal and immunosuppressed mice. | 1980 | 6244239 |
| distribution of sequences homologous to the dna of herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2, in the genome of pseudorabies virus. | the distribution of related sequences between the genomes of pseudorabies virus (prv) and herpes simplex virus, types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), was determined. approximately 7% of the sequences in prv are shared by hsv-1 and hsv-2 dnas. by means of the southern blot technique, it was found that the homologous sequences are not sequestered in one region but are distributed throughout the prv genome. hsv-1 and hsv-2 have the greatest homology with the long unique region of prv dna and the least wit ... | 1980 | 6244240 |
| a type-specific antiserum induced bya major herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein. | a type-specific antiserum was prepared against vp 7/8, the major hsv-1 type-specific glycoprotein. the specificity of this antiserum was demonstrated by both neutralization of hsv-1 infectivity and immunoprecipitation followed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates. only minimal cross-reactivity with hsv-2 was observed. this major vp 7/8 glycorprotein was also purified from a host of virus-induced proteins with the specific immunoadsorbent prepared with anti-vp 7/8 s ... | 1980 | 6244352 |
| synthesis and biological activities of 5-(hydroxymethyl, azidomethyl, or aminomethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and related 5'-substituted analogues. | the synthesis of 5-(azidomethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (10) has been accomplished by two independent methods. the first involved tosylation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1) to furnish a mixture of two mono- and a ditosyl nucleosides which were converted into the corresponding 5-(azidomethyl) (10), 5-(azidomethyl)-5'-azido (14), and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-5'-azido (15) derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine. the second method was more selective and required the formation of the intermediate 5-(bromomethyl)- ... | 1980 | 6244411 |
| damage and repair in mammalian cells after exposure to non-ionizing radiations. ii. photoreactivation and killing of rat kangaroo cells (potorous tridactylus) and herpes simplex virus-1 by exposure to fluorescent "white" light or sunlight. | photoreactivation (pr) of ultraviolet (254 nm)-inactivated cornea cells of the potoroo (or rat kangaroo; potorous tridacylus) has been studied at wavelengths greater than 375 nm from either fluorescent "white" light or sunlight. in both cases the pr kinetics curves pass through maxima, which most likely result from the superposition of concomitant inactivation by the photoreactivating light. the inactivating effect of light was directly demonstrated for non-uv-irradiated cells, permitting correc ... | 1980 | 6244485 |
| cloning of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene in e. coli k 12: a selective marker for gene transfer into animal cells. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene, carried by a 3.6 kb bam h1 dna fragment, was isolated and ligated to bam h1 cleaved bacterial plasmid pbr 322. the tk gene, cloned in e. coli, is functional when it is transferred back into eukaryotic cells, and can thus be used as a selective marker for gene transfer. | 1980 | 6245004 |
| induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes against herpes simplex virus type i: role of accessory cells and amplifying factor. | spleen cells from mice primed with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) could be induced to differentiate into cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) by in vitro culture with infectious hsv-1 but not by heat-inactivated virus. induction of ctl failed to occur if the spleen cells were depleted of adherent cells by passage over columns of nylon wool before culture with virus. the ctl response could be restored by adding normal syngeneic peritoneal cells (pc) or l cell fibroblasts but not by allogeneic pc or ... | 1980 | 6245140 |
| some characteristics of an early protein (icp 22) synthesized in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | in vero cells incubated at 40 degrees c or treated with azetidine at 37 degrees c, synthesis of a polypeptide ('c') of apparent mol. wt. 66000 was stimulated. it was not phosphorylated and was found in the cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates. in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the presence of azetidine, synthesis of cellular proteins, including polypeptide c, was suppressed and infected cell polypeptides icp 4, 0, 22 and 27 (apparent mol. wt. 170000, 120000, 75000 and ... | 1980 | 6245173 |
| synthesis of 5-[(methylthio)methyl]-2'-deoxyuridine, the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone, and their 5'-phosphates: antiviral effects and thymidylate synthetase inhibition. | substitution on the alpha position of thymidine with methylthio (3) and methylsulfonyl (5) groups gave antiviral agents that were specific and relatively nontoxic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus replication in cell culture. the thioether (3) was effective against both types 1 and 2 of herpes simplex virus, whereas the activity of the sulfone derivative (5) was restricted to herpes simplex virus type 1. the sulfoxide derivative 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-alpha-(methylsulfinyl)thymine (4) ... | 1980 | 6245212 |
| herpes simplex virus phosphoproteins. i. phosphate cycles on and off some viral polypeptides and can alter their affinity for dna. | we report on phosphorylation, the stability of the bound phosphate, and the properties of several phosphorylated infected-cell polypeptides (icps) synthesized in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. our results and conclusions are as follows. (i) phosphorylation of icps occurs by at least two different pathways. thus, the 4a and 4c electrophoretic forms of icp 4 were labeled with 32p during a pulse concurrently with their synthesis, whereas icp 22 and icp 27 were labeled with 32p o ... | 1980 | 6245226 |
| identification of the herpes simplex virus dna sequences present in six herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transformed mouse cell lines. | we have used a novel filter hybridization approach to detect and map the herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna sequences which are present in four hsv thymidine kinase (hsvtk+)-transformed cell lines which were derived by exposure of thymidine kinase negative (tk-) mouse cells to uv light-irradiated hsv type 2 (hsv-2). in addition, we have mapped the hsv-1 dna sequences which are present in two hsv-1tk+-transformed cell lines produced by transfection of tk- mouse cells with sheared hsv-1 dna. the resul ... | 1980 | 6245232 |
| characterization of rna synthesized in isolated nuclei of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected kb cells. | nuclei isolated from herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected kb cells actively synthesize hsv rna in vitro; the rna can be hybridized with hsv dna or nuclear rna from hsv-infected cells. nascent rna molecules labeled in vivo with 32po4 were elongated, utilizing the nuclear system to incorporate hg-ctp at their 3' ends, and then isolated on an affinity column. hybridization of isolated nascent rna molecules showed that greater than 50% of them were hsv specific and that more than 25% were self-comple ... | 1980 | 6245253 |
| ultrastructural characterization of an early, nonstructural polypeptide of herpes simplex virus type 1. | an immunoperoxidase procedure was employed to study the expression of a large-molecular-weight, virus-induced polypeptide (vp175; molecular weight, 175,000) at the light and electron microscopic levels in vero cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 or with tsb2, a dna-negative, temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1. in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and in cells infected with tsb2 at the permissive temperature (34 degrees c), vp175 was found within ... | 1980 | 6245269 |
| location and cloning of the herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene. | the herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene has been mapped to a position colinear with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene and cloned within a 4.0-kilobase fragment in pbr 322. | 1980 | 6245273 |
| activation of mouse retrovirus by herpes simplex virus type 1 cloned dna fragments. | | 1980 | 6245529 |
| herpes simplex type 1 infection of nonpermissive rat xc cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of non permissive xc cells (a rat cell line transformed by rous sarcoma virus) was studied. using virus labeled with 3h-thymidine it was shown that adsorption is similar to that in a permissive system. by electron microscopy enveloped particles were observed in cytoplasmic vesicles in xc cells but not in the permissive system. however input viral dna was degraded both in non permissive cells (xc) and permissive cells (hep-2) and the degradation produ ... | 1980 | 6245633 |
| pyrophosphate analogues as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase. | twenty nine pyrophosphate analogues have been tested for their ability to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase activity. the structural requirements for active inhibitors and their mechanism of action have been investigated. active compounds had two negatively charged groups at close proximity. the most active compounds contained free phosphono and/or carboxyl groups. apart from phosphonoformate and phosphonoacetate, which were strong inhibitors, some other analogues, 2-pho ... | 1980 | 6245699 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 rna present in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. | we used herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna and restriction fragments of hsv-1 dna covalently coupled to cellulose as a reagent to isolate for further characterization the major and minor hsv-1 immediate-early mrna species in hela cells infected and maintained in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. five major and several minor immediate-early mrna species were characterized. one major species was a 4.2-kilobase mrna mapping in the tr(s)/ir(s) region with its 3' end distal to the u(s) r ... | 1980 | 6246265 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoproteins: isolation of mutants resistant to immune cytolysis. | immune cytolysis mediated by antibody and complement is directed against components of the major herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein complex (molecular weight, 115,000 to 130,000), comprised of ga, gb, and gc, and against glycoprotein gd-all present on the surfaces of infected cells. tests with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of hsv-1 (tsa1) defective in glycoprotein synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees c) demonstrated that over 90% of mutant-infected cells maintained a ... | 1980 | 6246268 |
| immunoglobulin g(fc)-binding receptors on virions of herpes simplex virus type 1 and transfer of these receptors to the cell surface by infection. | we have found that virions of herpes simplex virus type 1 have surface receptors capable of binding to the fc region of immunoglobulin g and have also shown that the previously identified fc-binding glycoprotein (designated ge) is present in extracts prepared from purified virions. the technique of affinity chromatography was used to detect ge. two approaches were used to demonstrate the presence of fc-binding receptors on intact virions. first, it was shown that [125i]-immunoglobulin g, but not ... | 1980 | 6246278 |
| isolation of the chicken thymidine kinase gene by plasmid rescue. | we have used the bacterial plasmid pbr322 as a vehicle to isolate genes coding for selectable markers from higher eukaryotes. in this way, we have obtained the chicken thymidine kinase (tk) gene as a 2.2-kilobase ecori/hindiii insert in br322. the cloned gene transforms tk- animal cells with an efficiency equal to that of the cloned herpes simplex virus-1 tk gene. | 1980 | 6246445 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 function continuously required for early and late virus rna synthesis. | | 1980 | 6246451 |
| two distinct loci confer resistance to acycloguanosine in herpes simplex virus type 1. | two distinct loci that confer resistance to acycloguanosine (acyclo-guo) in herpes simplex virus types 1 have been identified. the first locus is the gene for the virus-specific thymidine kinase (tk). mutations that decrease tk activity also render the virus resistant to acyclo-guo, and the level of resistance corresponds to the decrease in tk activity. acyclo-guo resistance due to defective tk expression is recessive to the wild-type phenotype, acyclo-guo-sensitive (acgs). we term this locus ac ... | 1980 | 6246531 |
| resistance of herpes simplex virus to acycloguanosine: role of viral thymidine kinase and dna polymerase loci. | acycloguanosine [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; acyclo-guo] is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex viruses (hsv); it is selectively phosphorylated in virus-infected cells. in order to define those viral functions that may mediate resistance to acyclo-guo, the drug sensitivities of temperature-sensitive (ts) and phosphonoacetic acetic acid (paa)-resistant mutants of hsv-1 and hsv-2 have been determined. two distinct viral genetic loci are independently associated with acyclo-guo resistance. m ... | 1980 | 6246532 |
| comparative analysis of the virion polypeptides specified by herpes simplex virus type 2 strains. | this paper reports on the variability of structural polypeptides of 32 strains of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) isolated from various locations in the united states and italy. most strains were passaged a limited number of times at low multiplicity outside the human host; a few strains were characterized by numerous passages at variable multiplicities in cell culture. the acrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides from purified virions revealed very few differences. considering these differ ... | 1980 | 6246854 |
| participation of three major glycoprotein antigens of herpes simplex virus type 1 early in the infectious cycle as determined by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. | tissue culture cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 synthesize three major glycoprotein antigens (ag-11, ag-8, and ag-6), which have been characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. the three viral antigens have been identified as a mixture of ga and gb (ag-11), gd (ag-8), and gc (ag-6). recent findings have shown that antibodies directed to each of the three antigens individually are able to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity when tissue culture cells late in t ... | 1980 | 6247286 |
| virus-specific basic phosphoproteins associated with herpes simplex virus type a (hsv-1) particles and the chromatin of hsv-1-infected cells. | herpes simplex type 1 angelotti (hsv-1 ang) virions were shown to contain two major acid-soluble proteins, bp1 and 2, which by size and charge analysis were also found to be associated with chromatin isolated from hsv-1 ang-infected african green monkey kidney cells (hsv-chromatin). bp1 and 2 proved to exist in a phosphorylated state both in virions and in hsv-chromatin. bp1 consisted of a single polypeptide of 38 k mol. wt. which was correlated to the tegument protein vp22. in sds-polyacrylamid ... | 1980 | 6247428 |
| comparative neurovirulence and latency of hsv1 and hsv2 following footpad inoculation in mice. | the effect of virus dose and animal age on the appearance of acute and latent neurologic infection by hsv1 and hsv2 was studied in balb/c and icr mice inoculated in the footpad. at low viral doses hsv2 was found to be 1,500 times more neurovirulent than hsv1. at high doses there was no difference in neurovirulence. age-acquired resistance to disease was shown to be less complete with hsv2 than with hsv1. neurovirulence was shown to be associated with spread of infection to the spinal ganglia. th ... | 1980 | 6247441 |
| gene expression of herpes simplex virus. ii. uv radiological analysis of viral transcription units. | the transcriptional organization of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 was analyzed by measuring the sensitivity of viral polypeptide synthesis to uv irradiation of the infecting virus. herpes simplex virus type 1 was irradiated with various doses of uv light and used to infect xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. immediate early transcription units were analyzed by having cycloheximide present throughout the period of infection, removing the drug at 8 h postinfection, and pulse-labeling pr ... | 1980 | 6247499 |
| biochemical transformation by temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. | biochemical transformation assays of herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants distinguished three groups of mutants with regard to their thymidine kinase (tk) transforming ability: those incapable of transferring the tk gene at either the permissive or restrictive temperatures (group i); those resembling the wild-type virus, and therefore able to transform at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures (group ii); and those that failed to transform or exhibited very ... | 1980 | 6247507 |
| recombination and linkage between structural and regulatory genes of herpes simplex virus type 1: study of the functional organization of the genome. | phenotypic and genetic properties of 12 markers in structural and regulatory functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 were characterized, and their recombination and segregation behavior was investigated and interpreted with reference to available information on their physical locations. the markers were: (i) ts markers in a structural glycoprotein (tsb5) and in alpha (immediate early; tslb2, tsc75) or beta (early, delayed early; tsb1) functions with regulatory effects; together with (ii) plaque ... | 1980 | 6247508 |
| unimpaired histone synthesis in human fibroblasts infected by human cytomegalovirus. | serum-starved human foreskin fibroblasts were infected by human cytomegalovirus (towne strain) that is thought to induce dna replication in host cells during lytic infection. at various times postinfection, the cultures were pulse labeled with either 3h-thymidine or 14c-thymidine and 3h-lysine to examine dna synthesis and histone synthesis, respectively. isopycnic centrifugation of labeled dna in cscl revealed that precursor incorporation into host-cell dna was enhanced over the control around 2 ... | 1980 | 6247630 |
| genetic retrieval of viral genome sequences from herpes simplex virus transformed cells. | oncogenic transformation of cultured cells by inactivated herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 has been demonstrated. expression of hsv information in these transformed cells has been shown by immunofluorescence studies, detection of hsv neutralizing antibody in sera from tumour-bearing animals and by hybridization of hsv-specific rna. molecular hybridization studies of dna from hsv-2 transformed hamster cells have detected up to 40% of the hsv genome present in several copies. complementati ... | 1980 | 6247659 |
| the treatment of herpetic whitlow--a new surgical concept. | characteristics of cutaneous lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) are: acquired by skin-to-skin contact; humans are the only natural host. often on the hands of health care personnel. painful swelling, erythema, vesicles, and ulcerations. possible involvement of cutaneous digital areas of paronychium, eponychium, and subungual matrix. similar to a bacterial (septic) or fungal felon. self-limiting--14- to 21-day course. an aseptic felon, which provides a contraindication to surgical inc ... | 1980 | 6247731 |
| alkaline deoxyribonuclease induced by herpes simplex virus type 1: composition and properties of the purified enzyme. | | 1980 | 6247825 |
| in vitro and in vivo resistance of herpes simplex virus to 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acycloguanosine). | in vitro passage of the patton strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1-p) in the presence of acycloguanosine (acg) led to the emergence of a highly drug-resistant strain (hsv-1-p-acg-r). over 1% of virions in 6 of 15 hsv strains tested were able to form plaques in the presence of 10 mumol of acg on first exposure to the drug. therefore, there exists among hsv strains a broad range of susceptibilities to acg, and some strains contain particles which are partially resistant to acg before ever ... | 1980 | 6247967 |
| integration site(s) of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene and regional assignment of the gene for aminoacylase-1 in human chromosomes. | to investigate the chromosomal sites of integration of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene in hsv-1-transformed human hela(bu25)/kos 8-1 cells, the biochemically transformed cells were fused with tk-negative mouse lm(tk-) cells, and human-mouse somatic cell hybrid lines (lh81) were isolated using a hatg-ouabain selection system. the presence of hsv-1 tk activity in the hybrid lines was verified by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and by enzyme neutral ... | 1980 | 6248297 |
| oxime and dithiolane derivatives of 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine and their 5'-phosphates: antiviral effects and thymidylate synthetase inhibition. | 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine (2a), an effective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) and vaccinia virus, was converted to the oxime (3a) and dithiolane (4a) derivatives. the oxime (3a) was equally as potent as the formyl compound against hsv-1, but one-fifth as active against hsv-2, 100 times less effective against vaccinia, and 25 times less toxic for the host cells. in addition, compound 3a was about 10 times less active than 2a in inhibiting thymidylate synthetase in vivo ... | 1980 | 6248643 |
| combination chemotherapy: interaction of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine with adenine arabinoside, 5-ethyldeoxyuridine, 5-iododeoxyuridine, and phosphonoacetic acid against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | the antiviral activity of 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (mmudr) was compared with that of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (iudr), 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (etudr), adenine arabinoside (ara-a), and phosphonoacetic acid (paa) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2). mmudr was more potent than ara-a and paa but less active than etudr and iudr against hsv-1 in rabbit kidney (rk-13) cells. in vero cells, the antiviral activities of mmudr, ara-a, and paa against hsv-1 were of the same o ... | 1980 | 6249191 |
| 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-aracytosine, a potent and selective anti-herpesvirus agent. | a newly synthesized pyrimidine analog, 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-aracytosine (fiac), suppressed by 90% the replication of various strains of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 at concentrations of 0.0025 to 0.0126 microm. cytotoxicity was minimal, as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion with norman vero, wi-38, and nc-37 cell proliferation; the 50% inhibitory dose was 4 to 10 microm in a 4-day assay. when compared with other antiviral drugs, fiac was active at much lower concentrations than arabinosyl ... | 1980 | 6249196 |
| marrow-dependent cells depleted by 89sr mediate genetic resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice. | adult mice resistant to infection with 10(6) plaque-forming units of a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 were treated with 89sr to abrogate marrow-dependent cell functions. treated mice were found to be much more susceptible to the herpes simplex virus type 1 infection than untreated mice. the virus persisted in the visceral tissues of 89sr-treated mice for 3 or more days postinfection but not in those of untreated mice. the virus also spread to the spinal cords of treated but not u ... | 1980 | 6249746 |
| differences in attachment between herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 viruses to neurons and glial cells. | fractions of nerve cell perikarya, synaptosomes, and astrocytic glia were prepared from human, monkey , rabbit, rat, and mouse brain tissue. the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) binding capacity of these fractions was studied. pretreatment of fractions with one type of hsv and the subsequent testing of adsorption of homotypic and heterotypic virus ws employed to reveal type selectivity of virus binding receptors. a higher density of hsv-1 than of hsv-2 selective receptors w ... | 1980 | 6249749 |
| ag-4 complement-fixing antibodies in cervical cancer and herpes-infected patients using local herpes simplex virus type 2. | the incidence of anti-ag-4 complement-fixing antibodies in australian cervical carcinoma (cacx), herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2, and control patients, was investigated using local hsv strains. the local hsv strains (both hsv-imi and hsv-2mi) were found, by neutralization experiments, to vary from the american prototype strains. all hsv-2-strains tested were able to induce ag-4 in 4-h infected hep-2 cells. anti-ag-4-complement-fixing antibodies were detected in 40% of dysplasia patients, ... | 1980 | 6249764 |
| cell-mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus-infected mice: suppression of delayed hypersensitivity by an antigen-specific b lymphocyte. | lymph node cells, regional to the site of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), when taken 1 to 9 months p.i. and transferred to hsv-1 immune recipients, suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction to the virus. the suppressive activity was specific for hsv-1 and was transferred by a thy-1.2-negative, ig-positive, lymphocyte population. anti-hsv-1 serum did not suppress the hsv-1-induced dth response. contralateral lymph nodes contained little or no suppressor cell ... | 1980 | 6249886 |
| influence of 2,4,6-triamino-pyrimidyl-5-azobenzene on the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in cell cultures infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | treatment of vero cells with 2,4,6-triamino-pyridimyl-5-azobenzene (10 gamma/ml) one hour after inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 limits the influence of the virus infection, consisting in the enchancement of the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and ldh (especially of the latter two enzymes) and in changes in the isoenzyme patterns of acid and alkaline phosphatases and of peroxidase. in general the influence of the drug is expressed both by the fact that enzyme level ... | 1980 | 6250280 |
| antiviral activity of tunicamycin on herpes simplex virus. | tunicamycin (0.5 microgram/ml) significantly lowers (2 to 3 log10) the infectious yield of herpes simplex virus type 1 grown in chicken embryo fibroblasts and in bsc1 cells. although virus particles are formed and the synthesis of the viral deoxyribonucleic acid is only partially affected by the antibiotic, the glycosylation of herpesvirus glycopeptides is amost completely inhibited. the morphology of virus particles made in the presence of tunicamycin is similar to that of intact virus particle ... | 1980 | 6250466 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus multiplication by the pokeweed antiviral protein. | the pokeweed antiviral protein inhibited the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture. the extent of antiviral activity was proportional to the length of time that the antiviral protein was present postinfection. the results demonstrate that the continued presence of the pokeweed antiviral protein is necessary for the maximum inhibition of virus yields. | 1980 | 6250468 |
| restriction of herpes simplex virus by ama 1 cells. an analysis of viral macromolecule synthesis. | ama 1 cells, and alpha-amanitin-resistant subline of cho cells, restricted herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 replication. the infection was characterized by i) induction of typical cytopathology; ii) appearance of all the major virus proteins, glycoproteins and dna earlier than in hep-2 cells, followed by shut off of virus macromolecule synthesis; iii) defective maturation of viral particles, i.e. scarce assembly and lack of envelopment. the early shut off of viral dna and protein synthesis, and the ... | 1980 | 6250513 |
| electron microscopic studies of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of macrophages, t- and b-lymphocytes of mice. | the course of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in peritoneal macrophages, phytohemagglutinin (pha-)stimulated (t-)lymphocytes and lipopolysaccharide (lps-)stimulated (b-)lymphocytes of nmri-mice was studied by means of electron microscopy. non-stimulated as well as thioglycolate-stimulated macrophages were investigated; lymphocytes were derived both from hsv-1-sensitized and non-sensitized animals. the morphological characteristics of the abortive infection in macrophages and t ... | 1980 | 6250515 |
| properties of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 dna polymerase. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) dna polymerases were highly purified from infected hela bu cells by deae cellulose, phosphocellulose and dna cellulose column chromatography. dna exonuclease activity but not endonuclease activity was found associated with both types of dna polymerase. both dna polymerase activities could be activated by salt in a similar fashion with the optimal activity in the range of ionic strength between 0.22 and 0.29 alpha. at an ionic strength of 0.1 ... | 1980 | 6250618 |
| a serological study of herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody over a 13-year period. | hsv-1 serum antibody titers determined by 50% plaque reduction and confirmed by radioimmunoassay in 11 samples from an individual over a 13-year period indicated a significant increase between the first sample and a sample taken 9 years later. this increase did not seem to reflect loss of antibody in the low titered serum sample due to storage. | 1980 | 6250922 |
| isolation and translation of mrna encoded by a specific region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. | we have examined in detail the major mrna species encoded by the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoded by hindiii fragment k (0.53-0.59 from the left end of the prototype arrangement of the genome) by using this restriction fragment bound to cellulose as a reagent for isolation of this mrna. before viral dna replication in infected cells (early), a major species of viral mrna 5.2 kilobases (kb) in length is abundant. after the onset of viral dna replication (late), four mrna s ... | 1980 | 6251246 |
| genetic studies of cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. | eight cell fusion-causing syn mutants were isolated from the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. unlike the wild-type virus, the mutants produced plaques containing multinucleated cells, or syncytia. fusion kinetics curves were established with a coulter counter assay for the mutants and wild-type virus in single infections of human embryonic lung (hel) cells, for the mutants and wild-type virus in mixed infections (dominance test), and for pairs of mutants in mixed infections (complement ... | 1980 | 6251259 |
| alterations in glycoprotein gb specified by mutants and their partial revertants in herpes simplex virus type 1 and relationship to other mutant phenotypes. | the tsb5 mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain hfem was shown previously to be temperature sensitive for accumulation of the mature form of glycoprotein gb, for production or activity of a factor required in virus-induced cell fusion, and for production of virions with normal levels of infectivity. in addition, a previous study showed that virions produced by tsb5 at permissive temperature were more thermolabile than hfem virions and contained altered gb that did not assume the di ... | 1980 | 6251260 |
| persistence of herpes simplex virus genes in cells of neuronal origin. | the growth characteristics of the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in cell lines of nervous tissues origin were examined in an attempt to develop a tissue culture system mimicking the in vivo state of hsv-1 latency. we have previously reported that the b103 rat brain neuroma cell line is nonpermissive for growth of the kos strain. in this report, we show that this nonpermissiveness is a temperature- and multiplicity-dependent phenomenon, with minimum virus yields at an elevated ... | 1980 | 6251268 |
| infections of susceptible and resistant mouse strains with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | the spread of hsv of type 1 and 2 was investigated after intraperitoneal, intraplantar and intracerebral infections of resistant (c57/bl) and susceptible (nmri) mice. the virus spreads after i.p. infection to the spleen and the liver to the same extent in both strains of mice. however, virus is eliminated earlier in resistant mice. intracerebral infections revealed a peculiar type of resistance of c57/bl mice especially for type 2 of hsv. hsv multiplies in the thymus at the early stage of infect ... | 1980 | 6251783 |
| experimental infection and the state of viral latency of adult tupaia with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and infection of juvenile tupaia with temperature-sensitive mutants of hsv type 2. | the susceptibility of adult tupaia belangeri to infection with herpes simplex virus (hvs) was investigated. adult animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with hsv type 1 or 2. with the exception of hsv-2, strain hg-52, 10(5)--10(6) pfu of all hsv strains caused lethal infection irrespective of the age of the animals. infections hsv was recovered from the spinal cord of those animals which had survived infection with a low dose of virus. the dna of the recovered viruses was compared to the dna ... | 1980 | 6251787 |
| latency competence of thirteen hsv-1 temperature-sensitive mutants. | thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of hsv-1 were analysed for their capacity to establish latent infections in the brains of mice. eleven of the mutants could be classified as latency-positive or -negative; two could not be assigned to either group. leakiness of mutants in the brain and differences in particle/infectivity ratios were found not to play a role in the results. ts+ revertants of selected latency-negative mutants regained the capacity to establish latent infections, indicati ... | 1980 | 6252286 |