| prevalence and risk factors for igg antibodies to neospora spp. in three types of equids from southern punjab, pakistan. | equine hosts suffer from neurological disease, congenital infection, and reproductive problems associated with neospora spp. infection. we conducted a cross sectional study using sera from 631 equids (324 horses, 218 donkeys and 89 mules) from the southern region of punjab province, pakistan to determine the prevalence of antibodies against neospora spp. in this diverse group of equines. fisk factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated statistically based on equine type, breed, age, hu ... | 2018 | 30219554 |
| aflatoxin m1 in cow, sheep, and donkey milk produced in sicily, southern italy. | samples (n = 485) of raw (n = 394) or heat-treated (n = 91) milk of three different species (cow, n = 170; sheep, n = 133; donkey, n = 84), collected 2013-2016 in western sicily (southern italy), were analyzed for aflatoxin m1 (afm1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). positive elisa results were further analyzed by hplc with fluorescence detection. both methods had a detection limit for afm1 in milk of 7 ng kg-1. elisa yielded 12.9 and 5% positives in cows and sheep milk, respectively ... | 2019 | 30215192 |
| survey for equine herpesviruses in polar bears ( ursus maritimus) and exotic equids housed in us aza institutions. | infection by equine herpesvirus (ehv) strains (ehv-1, ehv-9) in ursid species, including polar bears ( ursus maritimus), has been associated with neurological disease and death. a serosurvey of captive exotic equid and polar bear populations in us association of zoos and aquaria institutions was performed to determine the prevalence of ehv strains using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests. equid species surveyed included zebra ( equus ... | 2018 | 30212313 |
| molecular detection of equine trypanosomiasis in the riyadh province of saudi arabia. | we conducted a cross-sectional study to detect trypanosome infections of horses and donkeys in the riyadh province of saudi arabia. dna was extracted from blood samples collected from 368 horses and 142 donkeys, and subjected to universal first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (its1)-pcr followed by trypanosoma evansi species-specific rotat1.2-pcr. the universal its1-pcr revealed t. evansi infection in horses ( n = 12; 3.3%) and donkeys ( n = 4; 2.8%). there was no significant effect ... | 2018 | 30204053 |
| a maldi-tof ms approach for mammalian, human, and formula milks' profiling. | human milk composition is dynamic, and substitute formulae are intended to mimic its protein content. the purpose of this study was to investigate the potentiality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), followed by multivariate data analyses as a tool to analyze the peptide profiles of mammalian, human, and formula milks. breast milk samples from women at different lactation stages (2 (n = 5), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 5), and 90 (n = 4) days po ... | 2018 | 30189627 |
| diurnal rhythms of heart and respiratory rates in donkeys of different age groups during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savannah. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of season on diurnal rhythms of heart (hr) and respiratory rates (respr) in the adult, yearling, and foal donkeys during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons under natural light/dark cycle. the resting hr and respr were recorded bihourly for 24 consecutive hours from 06:00 to 06:00 h (gmt +1) in 30, clinically healthy donkeys (10 adults,10 yearlings, and 10 foals). dry-bulb temperature (dbt), relative humidity (rh), temperature-humidity index (thi) a ... | 2018 | 30187687 |
| ergonomic study of donkeys administered with pycnogenol® and subjected to packing during the hot-dry season in northern nigeria. | the aim of the study was to determine some ergonomic parameters of donkeys administered with pycnogenol® (pyc) and subjected to packing during the hot-dry season in northern nigeria. fifteen donkeys served as experimental subjects. group 1 (n = 5) donkeys were subjected to trekking only (control), group 2 (n = 5) donkeys were subjected to packing (p-pyc), and group 3 (n = 5) were administered with pyc (10 mg/kg) and subjected to packing (p+pyc). each group covered a distance of 10 km. some ergon ... | 2019 | 30187245 |
| effect of the administration of alfaprostol 3 or 6 days after ovulation in jennies: ultrasonographic characteristic of corpora lutea and serum progesterone concentration. | donkey jenny's corpus luteum (cl) response to pgf2α analogues has not been investigated in depth. aim of this study was to evaluate the donkey jenny's corpus luteum (cl) ultrasonographic characteristics (diameter, area and vascularized area) by b-mode, color doppler and serum progesterone concentration ([p4]) after treatment with the prostaglandins f2α analogue alfaprostol at day 3 or day 6 after ovulation (groups pg3 and pg6, respectively). [p4] was positively correlated (p < 0.0001) with cl di ... | 2018 | 30165306 |
| comparative seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of trypanosoma evansi infection in equines from different agro-climatic zones of punjab (india). | as parasitaemia is low and fluctuating during the chronic stage of infection, accurate detection of trypanosoma evansi in blood is difficult. the primary aims of this investigation were to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of t. evansi in all agro-climatic zones of punjab, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and card agglutination test (catt/t. evansi), and to evaluate the risk factors associated with latent trypanosomosis. a total of 319 equine serum samples collec ... | 2017 | 30160686 |
| evaluation of chromocystoscopy in the diagnosis of cystitis in female donkeys. | early detection of cystitis in equine is essential to improve the prognosis and outcome of therapy. however, the conventional white light endoscopy is not sufficiently accurate for this purpose. hence, this study evaluated chromoendoscopy as a recent diagnostic tool for cystitis in female donkeys. for this purpose, 5 apparently normal donkeys (control group) and 5 female donkeys with cystitis (diseased group) were used. physical and rectal examinations, urine analysis, white light cystoscopy, me ... | 2018 | 30157228 |
| a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of equine (horse and donkey)-originated meat in processed bovine meat products. | meat is one of the most important basic foodstuffs in human nutrition. nowadays, adulteration and authenticity are common problems for meat products. identification of meat species is important in terms of consumer protection and prevention of adulteration. there are different methods to determine adulteration of meat and meat products. these methods are histological controls, serological tests, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. in this study, species identification and quantification ... | 2019 | 30149728 |
| a comparison of methanogens of different regions of the equine hindgut. | the diversity of the methanogenic archaea associated with the six segments of the horse and donkey hindgut (caecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon, and rectum) was analyzed using 16s rdna gene clone library. a total of 641 positive clones, 321 from the horse and 320 from the donkey hindgut, were examined by the rflp, revealing 9 different ribotypes, 8 in the horse and 5 in the donkey hindgut. in both the animals methanobacteriales (methanobrevibact ... | 2018 | 30142409 |
| [determination of the ingredients of horse, ox, sheep, pig, camel and deer skin in colla corii asini by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. | a method was established for detecting the ingredients of horse, ox, sheep, pig, camel and deer skin in colla corii asini using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms).theoretical marker peptides were selected by comparing the collagen sequences in the skins of donkeys, horses, oxen, sheep, pigs, camels, and deer.marker peptides were identified by protease cutting techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry and then analyzed by uplc-ms/ms.the separation ... | 2018 | 30136526 |
| effects of pasteurization and storage conditions on donkey milk nutritional and hygienic characteristics. | until now there are only few data on the effects of thermal treatments on the nutritional and hygienic characteristics of donkey milk. this research communication aims to provide information on the effects of pasteurization (at +65 °c for 30 min) and prolonged storage at refrigeration and freezing temperatures (21 d at + 3 °c ± 2 °c and up to 90 d at -20 °c ± 5 °c) on some nutritional and hygienic characteristics of amiata donkey milk. the milk was monitored by chemical and microbiological analy ... | 2018 | 30132435 |
| prevalence of mutilations and other skin wounds in working donkeys in tamil nadu, india. | wounds in working donkeys are a common and preventable welfare problem in many countries. mutilations, iatrogenic injuries carried out by owners, are a particularly distressing welfare issue. however, little is known about their nature and prevalence. the project aim was to assess the general health and establish the prevalence, nature and severity of mutilations and other skin wounds in donkeys from several communities in tamil nadu, india, that were part of a donkey welfare initiative run by t ... | 2018 | 30121636 |
| zearalenone exposure enhanced the expression of tumorigenesis genes in donkey granulosa cells via the pten/pi3k/akt signaling pathway. | zearalenone (zea) is a natural contaminant existing in food and feed products that exhibits a negative effect on domestic animals' reproduction. donkeys possess high economic value in china and are at risk of exposure to zea. however, few information is available on zea-induced toxicity and no report on toxicity in donkeys can be found in scientific literature. we investigated the biological effects of zea exposure on donkey granulosa cells (dgcs) by using rna-seq analysis. zea at 10 and 30 μm w ... | 2018 | 30108608 |
| hair histology as a tool for forensic identification of some domestic animal species. | animal hair examination at a criminal scene may provide valuable information in forensic investigations. however, local reference databases for animal hair identification are rare. in the present study, we provide differential histological analysis of hair of some domestic animals in upper egypt. for this purpose, guard hair of large ruminants (buffalo, camel and cow), small ruminants (sheep and goat), equine (horse and donkey) and canine (dog and cat) were collected and comparative analysis was ... | 2018 | 30108469 |
| bioactive properties of fermented donkey milk, before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. | indigenous strains of lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from raw donkey milk samples were used to ferment donkey milk. each sample was subjected to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (sgid) and analysis of the digesta by hplc-ltq-orbitrap xl was performed in order to obtain a comprehensive peptide profile of fermented donkey milk. functional properties such as ace-inhibitory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the resulting fermented donkey milks, as well as charact ... | 2018 | 30064786 |
| development and evaluation of recombinant antigen and monoclonal antibody based competition elisa for the sero- surveillance of surra in animals. | trypanosoma evansi, a haemoflagellated protozoan parasite, is responsible for chronic as well as the acute debilitating disease called surra in a wide range of herbivores and carnivores including domestic and wild animals. since the parasite is having wide host range, there is a need for diagnostic test which can detect the t. evansi specific antibody in different species of animals for generating sero-surveillance data. in the present study we developed and evaluated competitive enzyme immunoas ... | 2018 | 30056943 |
| horse y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes. | dynamic evolutionary processes and complex structure make the y chromosome among the most diverse and least understood regions in mammalian genomes. here, we present an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse y chromosome (emsy), representing the first comprehensive y assembly in odd-toed ungulates. the emsy comprises single-copy, equine specific multi-copy, par transposed, and novel ampliconic sequence classes. the emsy gene density approaches that of autosomes with the high ... | 2018 | 30054462 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in equines in spain. | hepatitis e (he) is an important emerging disease in european countries. to analyse the role of equids as potential reservoirs for he virus (hev), we determined the prevalence of hev infection in 861 equines from 464 herds in spain. hev rna in serum was detected in 0.4% (3/692) of horses, 1.2% (1/86) of donkeys and 3.6% (3/83) of mules. phylogenetic analysis identified the zoonotic genotype 3 as being closely related to viral human and swine strains. in this first report on hev in equids in euro ... | 2019 | 30047239 |
| first molecular evidence of babesia caballi and theileria equi infections in horses in cuba. | equine piroplasmosis is a disease of equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, caused by either theileria equi or babesia caballi. this disease represents a serious problem for the horse industry and its control is critical for the international trade of horses. the objective of the present study was to detect b. caballi and t. equi infections in horses reared in western cuba. blood samples from 100 horses were tested for the presence of piroplasms by using giemsa-stained blood smea ... | 2018 | 30033488 |
| first evidence of besnoitia bennetti infection (protozoa: apicomplexa) in donkeys (equus asinus) in belgium. | besnoitiosis is caused by different species of intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the family sarcocystidae and affecting multiple host species worldwide. including b. besnoiti, ten species are described infecting animals. among ungulates, besnoitia bennetti infects horses, donkeys and zebras and was described in africa and in the usa where donkey besnoitiosis is considered as an emerging disease. | 2018 | 30021659 |
| molecular survey and characterization of trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in egypt. | in egypt, although the trypanosoma evansi has been reported frequently among domestic animals, there is no published data on t. evansi in horses. therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and characterization of t. evansi in three governorates by examining blood samples from 40 local camels, 35 imported camels, 25 horses and 10 donkeys by pcr targeting the sequences of tbr and rotat 1.2vsg. the overall prevalence of t. evansi was 54.5% and 21.8% by tbr pcr and rotat 1.2vsg pcr, respec ... | 2018 | 30016680 |
| zoonotic fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in canadian petting zoos. | this study aimed to better understand the potential public health risk associated with zoonotic pathogens in agricultural fairs and petting zoos in canada. prevalence of salmonella, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7, and top six non-o157 stec serogroups in feces (n = 88), hide/feather (n = 36), and hand rail samples (n = 46) was assessed, as well as distributions of antimicrobial resistant (amr) broad and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli. prevalence of m ... | 2018 | 30012975 |
| implementation of biological control to the integrated control of strongyle infection among wild captive equids in a zoological park. | the integrated control of strongyles was assayed for a period of three years in wild equids (zebras, european donkeys, and african wild asses) captive in a zoo and infected by strongyles. during three years control of parasites consisted of deworming with ivermectin + praziquantel; equids also received every two days commercial nutritional pellets containing a blend of 104 - 105 spores of the fungi mucor circinelloides + duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal. coprological analyses were done monthly ... | 2018 | 29984232 |
| genome data uncover four synergistic key regulators for extremely small body size in horses. | miniature size in horses represents an extreme reduction of withers height that originated after domestication. in some breeds, it is a highly desired trait representing a breed- or subtype-specific feature. the genomic changes that emerged due to strong-targeted selection towards this distinct type remain unclear. | 2018 | 29940849 |
| a case of work-related donkey milk allergy. | | 2018 | 29939141 |
| first detection of anti-besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in horses and donkeys in italy. | among apicomplexa protozoa infecting equids, besnoitia spp., toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. represent important issues from a sanitary and zootechnical viewpoint. however, only scarce epidemiological data are available on the spread of the infections in horses and donkeys in europe. therefore, a serosurvey was planned to estimate the prevalence of these sarcocystidae species in italian equids. serum samples from 268 horses and 18 donkeys raised in italy were collected and serologically anal ... | 2018 | 29935266 |
| use of registered donkeys on the areas of natural constraint scheme in ireland. | data concerning the numbers, locations and types of donkeys being officially registered (passported) in ireland (32 counties) via horse passport issuing organisations were gathered. the numbers of agricultural area aid scheme (areas of natural constraint (anc)) applicants registering passported donkeys (as compared with horses) as livestock units (lus), the numbers of donkeys they registered and the value of payments that thus accrued to the applicants are also reported for each of 26 counties f ... | 2018 | 29934398 |
| technological attempts at producing cheese from donkey milk. | the work described in this research communication addressed the hypothesis that it is possible to produce cheese from donkey milk by appropriate adjusting of the cheesemaking parameters. a series of coagulation trials were performed on donkey milk, alone or fortified with goat milk (85/15 and 70/30, v/v), using calf rennet under different technological conditions. the parameters that changed were ph and concentration of soluble calcium, amount of rennet added and temperature of coagulation. donk ... | 2018 | 29923468 |
| a review of eimeria infections in horses and other equids. | there is considerable confusion concerning validity of eimeria species in equids, and endogenous developmental stages and pathogenicity of equid eimeria. this paper summarizes worldwide information on history, structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, prevalence, epidemiology, and diagnosis of eimeria infections in equids. the following conclusions were drawn. although three species of eimeria; e. solipedum, e. uninugulata, and e. leuckarti were named from horses, only e. leuckarti is a valid specie ... | 2018 | 29887031 |
| survey of biochemical and oxidative profile in donkey foals suckled with one natural and one semi-artificial technique. | dairy donkey milking procedures require separating foals from their dams for a few hours a day. artificial suckling in this species is a good technique for improving milk production and foal welfare. the aim of the work is to compare the effect of two different diets on donkey foals when separated from jennies for milking procedures with and without a milk replacer. forty newborn martina franca donkey foals were subdivided into two experimental groups. both groups were separated from their respe ... | 2018 | 29874272 |
| parasitic profile of traction equids in the semi-arid climate of paraíba state, northeastern, brazil. | the objective of this study was to determine the parasitological profiles of traction equids from the semi-arid climate of paraíba (pb) state. we analyzed 96 equids that performed traction work, with no defined breed, males and females, and all older than 24 months. among the analyzed animals, 51% were donkeys, 41.7% mules, and 7.3% horses. fecal material and blood were collected for parasitological examination and to determine the packed cell volume (pcv), respectively. the samples were sent to ... | 2019 | 29846453 |
| vitrification of ovarian tissue of brazilian north-eastern donkeys (equus asinus) using different cryoprotectants. | the aim of this study was to assess a vitrification protocol for asinine ovarian tissue, to preserve preantral follicles using different cryoprotectant solutions, composed of various concentrations (eg 3 m or 6 m) of dimethyl sulfoxide or ethylene glycol isolate, or as a combination (dmso 3 m + eg 3 m). ten pairs of ovaries from brazilian north-eastern breed jennies were obtained through videolaparoscopy, and cortical fragments were submitted to a solid-surface vitrification (ssv) using each cry ... | 2018 | 29809292 |
| induction of anesthesia and recovery in donkeys sedated with xylazine: a comparison of midazolam-alfaxalone and midazolam-ketamine. | to compare the induction and recovery characteristics and selected cardiopulmonary variables of midazolam-alfaxalone or midazolam-ketamine in donkeys sedated with xylazine. | 2018 | 29804882 |
| donkey milk as a supplement in infant formula: benefits and technological challenges. | the aim of this review paper is to assess the applicability of donkey's milk to infants suffering from cow milk protein allergy (cmpa) compared to human and other available milk types. the bioactive and immune-supportive character which could be beneficial as a fortifier to the formula-fed infants is described while limitations of this type of milk are also discussed. studies showed that human and donkey's milk have similar, overall, chemical composition as well as protein homogeneity and antige ... | 2018 | 29803466 |
| focusing on fatty acid profile in milk from different species after in vitro digestion. | we report the fatty acid profile of raw milk and of the corresponding digested milk from different sources (human milk, formula milk and donkey, bovine, ovine and caprine milk) to gain information on the nutritional quality of different milk sources in infant nutrition.short chain fatty acids (sc-fa) were higher in bovine and caprine milk, intermediate in ovine and donkey and lower in human and formula milk. medium chain fatty acids (mc-fa) showed the highest values for bovine and caprine milk a ... | 2018 | 29785916 |
| earliest evidence for equid bit wear in the ancient near east: the "ass" from early bronze age tell eṣ-ṣâfi/gath, israel. | analysis of a sacrificed and interred domestic donkey from an early bronze age (eb) iiib (c. 2800-2600 bce) domestic residential neighborhood at tell eṣ-ṣâfi/gath, israel, indicate the presence of bit wear on the lower premolar 2 (lpm2). this is the earliest evidence for the use of a bit among early domestic equids, and in particular donkeys, in the near east. the mesial enamel surfaces on both the right and left lpm2 of the particular donkey in question are slightly worn in a fashion that sugge ... | 2018 | 29768439 |
| indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats and the protective effect of donkey milk. | indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug with clearly known side effects on gastric mucosa. new treatment and side effect prevention methods are being studied. donkey milk, as a nutritional support, has recently come into the spotlight with its anti-oxidant features, high antibody content and low allergenic properties. in this study, we investigated donkey milk's possible protective effect against acute gastric mucosal damage by indomethacin. | 2018 | 29765456 |
| evolutionary analysis provides insight into the origin and adaptation of hcv. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) belongs to the hepacivirus genus and is genetically heterogeneous, with seven major genotypes further divided into several recognized subtypes. hcv origin was previously dated in a range between ∼200 and 1000 years ago. hepaciviruses have been identified in several domestic and wild mammals, the largest viral diversity being observed in bats and rodents. the closest relatives of hcv were found in horses/donkeys (equine hepaciviruses, ehv). however, the origin of hcv as a ... | 2018 | 29765366 |
| genetic parameter and breeding value estimation of donkeys' problem-focused coping styles. | donkeys are recognized therapy or leisure-riding animals. anecdotal evidence has suggested that more reactive donkeys or those more easily engaging flight mechanisms tend to be easier to train compared to those displaying the natural donkey behaviour of fight. this context brings together the need to quantify such traits and to genetically select donkeys displaying a neutral reaction during training, because of its implication with handler/rider safety and trainability. we analysed the scores fo ... | 2018 | 29763646 |
| improved de novo genomic assembly for the domestic donkey. | donkeys and horses share a common ancestor dating back to about 4 million years ago. although a high-quality genome assembly at the chromosomal level is available for the horse, current assemblies available for the donkey are limited to moderately sized scaffolds. the absence of a better-quality assembly for the donkey has hampered studies involving the characterization of patterns of genetic variation at the genome-wide scale. these range from the application of genomic tools to selective breed ... | 2018 | 29740610 |
| biochemical blood analysis along pregnancy in martina franca jennies. | the availability of biochemical blood data specific for the pregnant condition are essential for the correct management of both normal pregnancies and also for the prompt recognition of every abnormality. because of the lacking knowledge about biochemical blood analysis in the donkey along the entire pregnancy, the study was designed to provide first preliminary data about the values and possible changes of blood alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), total bilirubin ( ... | 2018 | 29734125 |
| autopsy features of fatal donkey attack. | lethal donkey attacks have very rarely been described. the case of a 65-year-old man who was found deceased on a country road with 2 domestic donkeys nearby is, therefore, reported. examination of the body revealed contusions and lacerations of the face and scalp, a comminuted fracture of the left maxilla, comminuted fracturing of the right radius and ulna and of the left anterior superior iliac spine, a flail chest, and pulmonary contusions. in addition, there were bite marks on the left thigh, ... | 2018 | 29727315 |
| histomorphometric analysis of the choroid of donkeys, buffalos, camels and dogs. | the present study was carried out to investigate the morphological and histomorphometric characters of choroid in donkeys, buffalos, camels and dogs. | 2019 | 29721841 |
| shape variation and modularity of skull and teeth in domesticated horses and wild equids. | in horses, the morphological changes induced by the process of domestication are reportedly less pronounced than in other species, such as dogs or pigs - although the horses' disparity has rarely been empirically tested. we investigated shape differences and modularity of domesticated horses, przewalski's horses, donkeys and zebras. mandibular and tooth shape have been shown to be valuable features for differentiating wild and domesticated forms in some mammals. | 2018 | 29713365 |
| birth, evolution, and transmission of satellite-free mammalian centromeric domains. | mammalian centromeres are associated with highly repetitive dna (satellite dna), which has so far hindered molecular analysis of this chromatin domain. centromeres are epigenetically specified, and binding of the cenpa protein is their main determinant. in previous work, we described the first example of a natural satellite-free centromere on equus caballus chromosome 11. here, we investigated the satellite-free centromeres of equus asinus by using chip-seq with anti-cenpa antibodies. we identif ... | 2018 | 29712753 |
| effect of cooling rate on sperm quality of cryopreserved andalusian donkey spermatozoa. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooling rates on post-thaw quality of cryopreserved donkey spermatozoa. eighteen ejaculates from six adult andalusian donkeys (three ejaculates per donkey) were collected using an artificial vagina. pooled semen samples (two ejaculates per pool) were divided into three aliquots, and frozen in gent freezing extender using three different cryopreservation protocols (p): p1 (conventional slow freezing, as control): semen pre-cooled in an ... | 2018 | 29699919 |
| fasciola hepatica eggs in paleofaeces of the persian onager equus hemionus onager, a donkey from chehrabad archaeological site, dating back to the sassanid empire (224-651 ad), in ancient iran. | fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease caused by the liver trematodes fasciola hepatica and f. gigantica. within the multidisciplinary initiative against this disease, there is the aim of understanding how this disease reached a worldwide distribution, with important veterinary and medical repercussions, by elucidating the spreading steps followed by the two fasciolids from their paleobiogeograhical origins. fasciola eggs were detected in paleofaeces of a donkey, probably the prese ... | 2018 | 29698771 |
| unraveling cryptic epizootiology of equid trypanosomosis in punjab state of india by parasitological and sero-molecular techniques. | to unravel equid trypanosomosis caused by trypanosoma evansi in punjab state of india, a cross sectional study was designed by utilizing parasitological and sero-molecular tools with objective to assess the prevalence of t. evansi in association with various risk factors in all agroclimatic zones of punjab state of india. parasitological romanowksy stained thin blood smears (rstbs) to detect patent infection, molecular techniques polymerase chain reaction i (pcr i; tbr 1/2 primers; targeting min ... | 2018 | 29698659 |
| status of theileriosis among herbivores in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | theileriosis is a protozoal disease caused by theileria spp. mostly in warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide. it is one of the common tick-borne diseases among domestic animals in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have a variety of unlikable effects on health economy and animal welfare. in the present study, the prevalence of theileriosis among domestic farm animals in iran was systematically evaluated. | 2018 | 29657426 |
| donkey milk kefir induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of ehrlich ascites carcinoma by decreasing inos in mice. | donkey milk and donkey milk kefir exhibit antiproliferative, antimutagenic and antibacterial effects. we investigated the effects of donkey milk and donkey milk kefir on oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation in ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) in mice. thirty-four adult male swiss albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, administered 0.5 ml water; group 2, administered 0.5 ml water + eac cells; group 3, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk + eac cells; group 4, administer ... | 2018 | 29642726 |
| the stress response of ragusano donkey (equus asinus) to different semen collection techniques. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the stress response of donkeys to different semen collection techniques, comparing the physiological patterns of hormonal (adrenocorticotropic hormone: acth, cortisol) and biochemical variables (creatinine, total protein, urea, aspartate aminotransferase: ast, alanine aminotransferase: alt), and routine seminal parameters and sexual behaviour. twenty two healthy ragusano donkeys were used and were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups based on diff ... | 2017 | 29611652 |
| polymorphism at donkey β-lactoglobulin ii locus: identification and characterization of a new genetic variant with a very low expression. | in the last years, donkey milk had evidenced a renewed interest as a potential functional food and a breast milk substitute. in this light, the study of the protein composition assumes an important role. in particular, β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), which is considered as one of the main allergenic milk protein, in donkey species consists of two molecular forms, namely β-lg i and β-lg ii. in the present research, a genetic analysis coupled with a proteomic approach showed the presence of a new allele, ... | 2018 | 29572574 |
| sequence variation and detection of a functional promoter polymorphism in the lysozyme c-type gene from ragusano and grigio siciliano donkeys. | | 2018 | 29569733 |
| sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of xylazine with and without acepromazine in nordestino donkeys. | information on appropriate protocols for sedation of nordestino donkeys is scarce. | 2018 | 29569401 |
| risk factor meta-analysis and bayesian estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for hypersensibility to cutaneous habronematidosis in donkeys. | cutaneous habronematidosis (ch) is a highly prevalent seasonally recurrent skin disease that affects donkeys as a result from the action of spirurid stomach worm larvae. carrier flies mistakenly deposit these larvae on previous skin lesions or on the moisture of natural orifices, causing distress and inflicting relapsing wounds to the animals. first, we carried out a meta-analysis of the predisposing factors that could condition the development of ch in andalusian donkeys. second, basing on the ... | 2018 | 29559159 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of sarcocystis bertrami from horses and donkeys in china. | while sarcocystis parasites from the muscles of donkey and horse have been characterized as different species, similarities between the parasites in these host raises questions about this assignment (levine and tadros, 1980; matuschka, 1983; odening et al., 1995b). to resolve this, we examined the tissue cysts of sarcocystis collected from donkeys and horses were studied by morphological and molecular methods. morphological studies performed by light microscopy (lm) revealed that each of two typ ... | 2018 | 29559158 |
| prevalence of neospora spp. in donkeys in china. | this study was conducted to detect specific anti-neospora antibodies using a commercial competitive-inhibition elisa kit, and to evaluate the risk factors for neospora spp. infection. out of a total of 2,228 donkey sera collected in three provinces in china, 211 (9.5%) were found to be positive for anti-neospora antibodies. statistical analysis revealed that age (p = 0.019, or = 1.62, 95%ci: 1.08-2.44), feeding status (p < 0.001, or = 3.79, 95%ci: 2.65-5.43), miscarriage history (p = 0.006, or = ... | 2018 | 29557777 |
| trypanosoma equiperdum low molecular weight proteins as candidates for specific serological diagnosis of dourine. | the diagnosis of dourine can be difficult because the clinical signs of this disease in horses are similar to those of surra, caused by trypanosoma evansi. moreover, t. equiperdum and t. evansi are closely related and, so far, they cannot be distinguished using serological tests. in a previous work, the t. equiperdum protein pattern recognized by antibodies from dourine-infected horses and the humoral immune response kinetics were investigated by immunoblotting assay; a total of 20 sera from nat ... | 2018 | 29556505 |
| intraocular pressure reference intervals in eyes of clinically normal miniature donkeys (equus africanus asinus). | to determine intraocular pressure (iop) reference intervals in eyes of healthy miniature donkeys (equus africanus asinus) via rebound and applanation tonometry. | 2019 | 29517162 |
| reproductive parameters of donkey jacks undergoing puberty. | in male donkeys, puberty and the related events have been poorly characterized. the aim of this study was to evaluate the age at which male donkeys reach puberty, and characterize age associated changes in testicular size, testicular blood flow, serum testosterone concentration and semen quality. every two months, starting at 6 months and finishing at 24 months of age, five male donkeys born in may to july were subjected to b-mode ultrasound examination to assess testicular size and scrotum cont ... | 2018 | 29500053 |
| a study on prevalence and molecular characterization of trypanosomal species infecting equines in lahore region, pakistan. | trypanosomiasis is an important protozoal disease with a diverse range of susceptible host including human. in the current study, molecular characterization of prevalent species was done through a pan-trypanosome polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). a total of three hundred (n = 300) equines including horses, donkeys and mules (100 each) were randomly selected and the equine blood samples were subjected to screening for trypanosomes through ... | 2018 | 29491567 |
| the elephant - or donkey - in the exam room. | | 2018 | 29490318 |
| spatial perseveration error by alpacas (vicugna pacos) in an a-not-b detour task. | spatial perseveration has been documented for domestic animals such as mules, donkeys, horses and dogs. however, evidence for this spatial cognition behavior among other domestic species is scarce. alpacas have been domesticated for at least 7000 years yet their cognitive ability has not been officially reported. the present article used an a-not-b detour task to study the spatial problem-solving abilities of alpacas (vicugna pacos) and to identify the perseveration errors, which refers to a ten ... | 2018 | 29488112 |
| human milk and donkey milk, compared to cow milk, reduce inflammatory mediators and modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, acting on mitochondrial function and oleylethanolamide levels in rat skeletal muscle. | scope: milk from various species differs in nutrient composition. in particular, human milk (hm) and donkey milk (dm) are characterized by a relative high level of triacylglycerol enriched in palmitic acid in sn-2 position. these dietary fats seem to exert beneficial nutritional properties through n-acylethanolamine tissue modulation. the aim of this study is to compare the effects of cow milk (cm), dm, and hm on inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism, focusing on mitochondrial function, ... | 2018 | 29472867 |
| a standardised equine-based welfare assessment tool used for six years in low and middle income countries. | the majority of horses, donkeys and mules (equids) are in low- and middle-income countries, where they remain a key source of labour in the construction, agriculture and tourism industries, as well as supporting households daily through transporting people and staple goods. globally, approximately 600 million people depend on working equids for their livelihood. safeguarding the welfare of these animals is essential for them to work, as well as for the intrinsic value of the animal's quality of ... | 2018 | 29466391 |
| molecular survey in relation to risk factors and haemato-biochemical alteration in theileria equi infection of equines in punjab province, india. | equine piroplasmosis caused by theileria equi, an apicomplexan intracellular haemoprotozoan parasite effects equids throughout the world. current investigation is the first detailed epidemiological survey report based on conventional (blood smear) and primary polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of t. equi on 464 equids (426 horses and 38 donkeys/mules) in punjab province of india. pcr targeting 18s rrna gene of t. equi produced high fidelity 709bp amplification products with 100% c ... | 2017 | 31014636 |
| modified culture methodology for specific detection of blastocystis hominis in stool samples. | blastocystis hominis provides major challenges for laboratory diagnosis due to its polymorphic nature in wet mounts which can result in confusion with other protozoa, yeast or even fat globules. studies revealed that simple smears were less sensitive than in vitro cultivation using different media for the detection of b. hominis in stool specimens. cultures of b. hominis are usually enriched by different types of sera to enhance growth and multiplication of the parasite. the aim of this study is ... | 2016 | 30230750 |
| the comparative estimation of animal radiosensitivity. | technogenic environmental pollution is the factor of destabilization of natural and agricultural ecological systems. among various kinds of beings agricultural animals are considered as one of the most vulnerable components of ecosystems to the influence of technogenic factors including ionizing radiation. therefore, the generalization of experimental data and mathematical modeling are necessary to forecast the mortality of irradiated animals. in this research the numerical. parameters of deaths ... | 2016 | 30703306 |
| a new, very sensitive method of assessment of ptaquiloside, the major bracken carcinogen in the milk of farm animals. | we describe a new method to detect trace levels of ptaquiloside (pta), a major carcinogen of bracken fern in biological samples such as milk from farm animals. the method involves the absorption of analyte on carbograph followed by elution with solvents mixtures. the unstable analyte is then converted into br-pt (ii), which is specific for pta, as it is not a natural decay product of the glycoside in aqueous media. an internal standard, the br-pterosine-d2, prepared in our laboratories has been ... | 2011 | 31261490 |
| rice yellow mottle virus is transmitted by cows, donkeys, and grass rats in irrigated rice crops. | rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), endemic in africa, is believed to be spread by chrysomelid beetles, although the infections in a field often cannot be explained by the prevailing number of beetles. we show that the grass rat arvicanthis niloticus, domestic cows (bos spp.), and donkeys (asinus spp.) are potent and efficient transmitters of rymv. spread of rymv by rats was demonstrated in cage experiments wherein individual rats transmitted the virus from healthy to infected rice plants and confi ... | 2003 | 30812890 |
| observations on african horse sickness in donkeys in the sudan. | | 1989 | 32344953 |
| polymorphisms of nors and heterochromatin in the horse and donkey. | chromomycin a3 (cma3) banding in mitotic sets of the equidae horse and donkey were used to demonstrate both constitutive heterochromatin and r-banding. intra and interindividual variation in the size of the heterochromatic blocks was observed in many cases. cma3-posittve telomeric heterochromatin blocks appeared on several chromosomes of the horse and donkey. some of them were especially spectacular in the donkey. a sequential silver nor-chromomycin a3/distamycln a-dapi (cdd) staining procedure ... | 1988 | 31581761 |
| thesie-late donkeys with pentothal-subtosan. | | 1949 | 15395889 |
| monstrous salivary calculus in a donkey. | | 1947 | 20342227 |
| case of tearing out of the entire tendon of the flexor longus pollicis muscle by a donkey bite. | | 1877 | 30433423 |
| response of uk horse, pony and donkey owners to the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic. | in the uk, march 2020 was a time of great uncertainty as covid-19 became increasingly widespread. the government responded by making suggestions about how people could reduce the risk of spread on 16 march, moved swiftly into closing schools on the 18 march before announcing a mandatory lockdown on the 23rd march. this was a challenging time for uk equestrians who had to balance maintaining their equine's routine and daily care alongside the increasing biosecurity measures. a cross-sectional sur ... | 2021 | 33922408 |
| a hepatitis b virus causes chronic infections in equids worldwide. | preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis b (chb) requires suitable animal models. equids host homologs of hepatitis c virus (hcv). because coinfections of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hcv occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for hbv. we discovered a distinct hbv species (equid hbv, eqhbv) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by pcr and antibodies against eqhbv in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. molecular, histopathological, and biochemical anal ... | 2021 | 33723007 |
| a scoping review of west nile virus seroprevalence studies among african equids. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic flavivirus first identified in and endemic to africa. the virus is transmitted between birds by biting mosquitoes, with equids and humans being incidental hosts. the majority of infected incidental hosts display no or only mild clinical signs, but a fraction develop encephalitis. the aim of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate primary research on the presence of antibodies to wnv among african equids. three bibliographic d ... | 2021 | 34358049 |
| west nile virus seroprevalence in a selected donkey population of namibia. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. however, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of wnv are currently unknown in namibia. several countries implement surveillance systems based on virus detection in birds, mosquitoes, and vertebrate species including horses. the present study aimed to fill this ... | 2021 | 34222404 |
| evaluation of colostral immunity against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) in martina franca's foals. | eight martina franca pregnant jennies were selected in order to evaluate the transfer of colostral antibodies against equine herpesvirus type 1 in their relative foals after immunization with a commercial inactivated vaccine, compared with an unvaccinated group. samples of serum and colostrums/milk were collected from jennies and foals under study starting from 10 min before and up to 21 days after the foaling. specific anti-ehv-1 antibody titers were evaluated by means of a serum neutralization ... | 2020 | 33330699 |
| active equine parvovirus-hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in austrian horses of advanced age. | equine parvovirus-hepatitis (eqpv-h) research is in its infancy. information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection. | 2021 | 33704819 |
| epidemiology and serological detection of rift valley fever disease in farm animals in southern egypt. | in this study, the serological surveillance of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in southern egypt was carried out for 460 serum samples collected from domestic animals (unvaccinated), including cattle, sheep, goat, camel and donkey reared in three different provinces (qena, luxor and aswan). enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect rvfv antibodies. the results showed that 97 out of 460 animals were positive by using blocking elisa. the percentage of rvfv infection in cattle, sh ... | 2021 | 33567844 |
| a reassortant g3p12 rotavirus a strain associated with severe enteritis in donkeys (equus asinus). | in contrast to horses, the only evidence suggesting gastrointestinal disease in neonatal donkeys is associated with group a rotaviruses (rvas) is the detection of viral antigens by elisa in just 1 of 82 symptomatic donkey foals. no additional, more comprehensive investigations have been conducted, and rvas if circulating in donkey populations have not been molecularly characterised. | 2021 | 33455000 |
| stabilization of a broadly neutralizing anti-chikungunya virus single domain antibody. | a single domain antibody (clone cc3) previously found to neutralize a vaccine strain of the chikungunya virus (prnt50 = 2. 5 ng/ml) was found to be broadly neutralizing. clone cc3 is not only able to neutralize a wild-type (wt) strain of chikungunya virus (chikv), but also neutralizes wt strains of mayaro virus (mayv) and ross river virus (rrv); both arthralgic, old world alphaviruses. interestingly, cc3 also demonstrated a degree of neutralizing activity against the new world alphavirus, venezu ... | 2021 | 33585527 |
| a monovalent and trivalent mva-based vaccine completely protects mice against lethal venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge. | venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (eev) can cause severe disease of the central nervous system in humans, potentially leading to permanent damage or death. yet, no licensed vaccine for human use is available to protect against these mosquito-borne pathogens, which can be aerosolized and therefore pose a bioterror threat in addition to the risk of natural outbreaks. using the mouse aerosol challenge model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of eev vaccines that ... | 2021 | 33542715 |