| genome mining, in silico validation and phase selection of a novel aldo-keto reductase from candida glabrata for biotransformation. | previously, we published cloning, overexpression, characterization and subsequent exploitation of a carbonyl reductase (cr) gene, belonging to general family aldo-keto reductase from candida glabrata cbs138 to convert keto ester (cobe) to a chiral alcohol (ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate or chbe). exploiting global transcription factor crp, rdna and transporter engineering, we have improved batch production of chbe by trinomial bioengineering. herein, we present the exploration of cr gene in c ... | 2017 | 28644714 |
| de novo acquisition of resistance to scy-078 in candida glabrata involves fks mutations that both overlap and are distinct from those conferring echinocandin resistance. | scy-078 is an orally active antifungal whose target is the β-(1,3)-d-glucan synthase (gs). we evaluated the spontaneous emergence of scy-078-resistant candida glabrata isolates following drug exposure in vitro resistant isolates were analyzed using broth microdilution methodology and fks sequencing. the kinetic inhibition parameter ic50 (50% inhibitory concentration) was also determined from gs complexes. the spectrum of resistance mutations found suggested a partially overlapping but independen ... | 2017 | 28630180 |
| the ccaat-binding complex controls respiratory gene expression and iron homeostasis in candida glabrata. | the ccaat-binding complex (cbc) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor which is widely conserved in eukaryotes. in the model yeast s. cerevisiae, cbc positively controls the expression of respiratory pathway genes. this role involves interactions with the regulatory subunit hap4. in many pathogenic fungi, cbc interacts with the hapx regulatory subunit to control iron homeostasis. hapx is a bzip protein which only shares with hap4 the hap4like domain (hap4l) required for its interaction with cb ... | 2017 | 28615656 |
| glabridin triggers over-expression of mca1 and nuc1 genes in candida glabrata: is it an apoptosis inducer? | the growing trends of emergence of antifungal-resistant candida strains has recently been inspired the researchers to design new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action. glabridin is an originally natural substrate with multiple biological activities which propose it as a novel anticancer, antimicrobial and antifungal agent. in the present study, the antifungal effect of glabridin against candida glabrata isolates and its possible mechanism of action were investigated. the minimum inhi ... | 2017 | 28595940 |
| clinical validation of a test for the diagnosis of vaginitis. | vaginitis may be diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, or coinfection. a new molecular test assays the vaginal microbiome and organisms that cause three common infections. the objective of the trial was to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the investigational test for vaginal swabs collected by patients (self) or clinicians. the primary and secondary outcomes were to compare the investigational test with reference methods for the three most common causes of ... | 2017 | 28594779 |
| molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candida glabrata in china (august 2009 to july 2014): a multi-center study. | candida glabrata is an increasingly important cause of invasive candidiasis. in china, relatively little is known of the molecular epidemiology of c. glabrata and of its antifungal susceptibility patterns. here we studied 411 non-duplicate c. glabrata isolates from 411 patients at 11 hospitals participating in the national china hospital invasive fungal surveillance net program (chif-net; 2010-2014). genotyping was performed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) employing six genetic loci and ... | 2017 | 28588560 |
| initial treatment of cancer patients with fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent candida glabrata fungemia: better outcome with an echinocandin or polyene compared to an azole? | the 28-day crude mortality rate in 68 cancer patients with fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent candida glabrata fungemia started on treatment (within 48 h after blood culture collection) with an echinocandin or liposomal amphotericin-b was better (30%) than those treated with azole monotherapy (52%) (p = 0.07). after adjusting for confounders, azole monotherapy also was associated with worse 28-day survival (hazard ratio, 3.8; p = 0.003). | 2017 | 28584138 |
| [candida glabrata vaginitis: the great ignored?] | | 2017 | 28579083 |
| promising therapies for fungal infection based on the study to elucidate mechanisms to cope with stress in candida species [translated article]. | in recent years, the incidence of fungal infections has been increasing, particularly among patients with immune systems compromised by human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, and/or chemotherapy for cancer. current therapies for treating systemic fungal infection have limited effectiveness and have created problems of adverse reactions and drug resistance. these issues therefore motivate us to develop novel antifungals. elucidation of stress response mechanisms and virule ... | 2017 | 28566663 |
| mismatch repair of dna replication errors contributes to microevolution in the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. | the ability to adapt to a changing environment provides a selective advantage to microorganisms. in the case of many pathogens, a large change in their environment occurs when they move from a natural setting to a setting within a human host and then during the course of disease development to various locations within that host. two clinical isolates of the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans were identified from a collection of environmental and clinical strains that exhibited a mutat ... | 2017 | 28559486 |
| invasive fungal infections following liver transplantation. | the review outlines the microbiology, presentation, prophylactic strategies, resistance patterns, and consequences of invasive fungal infections (ifis) in orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) recipients. | 2017 | 28548995 |
| activity of combined antifungal agents against multidrug-resistant candida glabrata strains. | in this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of echinocandins, azoles, and amphotericin b alone and in combination against echinocandin/azole-sensitive and echinocandin/azole-resistant candida glabrata isolates. susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method in accordance with the clinical and laboratory standards institute document m27-a3. the checkerboard method was used to evaluate the fractional inhibitory concentration index of the interactions. cross-resistan ... | 2017 | 28493006 |
| rapid emergence of fks mutations in candida glabrata isolates in a peritoneal candidiasis. | we report a rapid acquisition of echinocandin resistance after 12 days of micafungin treatment, without prior exposure, in a patient with peritoneal candidiasis due to c. glabrata. isolates recovered before and after treatment were compared by multilocus sequence typing. results of antifungal susceptibility testing and fks mutations were reported. the interest of repeating antifungal susceptibility testing for echinocandin molecules during the treatment is discussed and a strategy to research fk ... | 2017 | 28491490 |
| generational distribution of a candida glabrata population: resilient old cells prevail, while younger cells dominate in the vulnerable host. | similar to other yeasts, the human pathogen candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric, finite cell divisions, which determines its replicative lifespan. we sought to investigate if and how aging changes resilience of c. glabrata populations in the host environment. our data demonstrate that old c. glabrata are more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil killing, whereas young cells adhere better to epithelial cell layers. consequently, virulence of old compared to younger c. glab ... | 2017 | 28489916 |
| monitoring of iron depletion-induced mitophagy in pathogenic yeast. | mitophagy, which is the degradation of mitochondria via selective autophagic machinery, is thought to be involved in regulating the mass and function of mitochondria. methods for detection of mitophagy have been reported for several fungal cells including some budding yeast, methylotrophic yeast, and filamentous fungi. mitophagy in saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated under nitrogen-poor conditions; however, the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy in most fungi has not been elucidated. here we de ... | 2017 | 28488243 |
| candida bezoars in adults: determining optimal management. | fungal bezoars, or fungal balls, are rare pathologic consequences of funguria in immunocompromised patients. current treatment recommendations are based on expert opinion and low level evidence. we present a case of a candida glabrata bezoar that was effectively treated with percutaneous amphotericin b instillations. a subsequent literature review is presented to assess the available case reports and treatment outcomes of candida spp. bezoars in adults. | 2017 | 28466076 |
| the effect of fermented lingonberry juice on candida glabrata intracellular protein expression. | lingonberries have a long traditional use in treating fungal infections on mucosal membranes, but very little is known about the exact antifungal mechanisms. we tested the effects of fermented lingonberry juice on candida glabrata intracellular protein expression. a candida glabrata clinical strain was grown in the presence of fermented lingonberry juice (flj). also the effect of lowered ph was tested. intracellular protein expression levels were analyzed by the 2d-dige method. six proteins dete ... | 2017 | 28465686 |
| the effectiveness of voriconazole in therapy of candida glabrata's biofilms oral infections and its influence on the matrix composition and gene expression. | candida glabrata is one of most prevalent yeast in fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. its azole resistance results in a low therapeutic response, particularly when associated with biofilms. the main goal of this work was to study the effectiveness of voriconazole (vcz) against c. glabrata biofilms oral pathologies, as esophageal or oropharyngeal candidiasis. antifungal susceptibilities were determined in pre-formed 24-h-biofilms and erg genes expression was determined b ... | 2017 | 28439794 |
| synergistic anticandidal activity of menthol in combination with itraconazole and nystatin against clinical candida glabrata and candida krusei isolates. | candida glabrata (c. glabrata) and c. krusei are now emerging as serious hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. menthol, a terpenic compound, has been reported to have antifungal activity. | 2017 | 28431915 |
| absolute eosinophil count was significantly associated with serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan in patients with invasive fungal infections. | measurement of serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan has emerged as an important diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (ifi). previous studies suggested that the eosinophil count would be related with the value of serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan. | 2017 | 28397466 |
| the novel oral glucan synthase inhibitor scy-078 shows in vitro activity against sessile and planktonic candida spp. | we studied the antifungal activity of scy-078 (an orally bioavailable 1,3-β -d- glucan synthesis inhibitor), micafungin and fluconazole against the planktonic and sessile forms of 178 candida and non- candida isolates causing fungaemia in patients recently admitted to a large european hospital. | 2017 | 28175309 |
| [common genital infections]. | vulvo-vaginal infections are frequently encountered by gynecologists and general practitioners. the diagnosis and the recurrence of these affections must lead to a discussion about sexually transmitted disease, notably when trichomonas vaginalis and herpetic infections are found. even if they do not correspond to classical sexually transmitted diseases, their prevalence is increased by sexual intercourses reports and the number of partners which should also be treated. it is necessary to documen ... | 2016 | 28525226 |
| antimicrobial activity of a newly identified kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor, cckpi1, from the jellyfish cyanea capillata. | in this study, we reported a jellyfish-derived kazal-type serine protease inhibitor, named cckpi1, from cyanea capillata. cckpi1 has a calculated molecular mass of 19.02kda and contains three typical kazal domains. soluble recombinant cckpi1 (rcckpi1) was successfully expressed and purified. rcckpi1 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against elastase, subtilisin a and proteinase k, but not against trypsin or chymotrypsin. kinetic studies showed that all of the inhibitory effects of rcck ... | 2018 | 29054522 |
| candida infanticola and candida spencermartinsiae yeasts: possible emerging species in cancer patients. | opportunistic infections due to candida species occur frequently especially in intensive care settings. we investigated the prevalence of candida species among 65 clinical specimens obtained from 200 cancer patients by phenotypic and molecular (its sequencing and aflp) methods. among the 65 yeast isolates, candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species (n = 34, 52.3%), whereas other candida species comprised 47.7% (n = 31) and consisted of candida glabrata (n = 14, 21.5%), candida tropi ... | 2017 | 29292174 |
| emerging multidrug-resistant candida species. | to describe the epidemiology, strategies for early detection, and clinical management of infections caused by the most commonly found multidrug-resistant (mdr) candida spp. | 2017 | 29095200 |
| comparative study of the effects of fluconazole and voriconazole on candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis and candida rugosa biofilms. | infections by non-albicans candida species are a life-threatening condition, and formation of biofilms can lead to treatment failure in a clinical setting. this study was aimed to demonstrate the in vitro antibiofilm activity of fluconazole (flu) and voriconazole (vor) against c. glabrata, c. parapsilosis and c. rugosa with diverse antifungal susceptibilities to flu and vor. the antibiofilm activities of flu and vor in the form of suspension as well as pre-coatings were assessed by xtt [2,3-bis- ... | 2018 | 29380188 |
| study of microbial interaction formed by "candida krusei" and "candida glabrata": "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies. | recently, the non-albicans candida species have become recognized as an important source of infection and oral colonization by association of different species in a large number of immunosuppressed patients. the objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between c. krusei and c. glabrata in biofilms formed in vitro and their ability to colonize the oral cavity of mouse model. monospecies and mixed biofilms were developed of each strain, on 96-well microtiter plates for 48 h. these ... | 2017 | 29211119 |
| enhanced pyruvate production in candida glabrata by carrier engineering. | pyruvate is an important organic acid that plays a key role in the central metabolic pathway. manipulating transporters is an efficient strategy to enhance production of target organic acids and a means to understand the effects of altered intracellular pyruvate content on global metabolic networks. efforts have been made to manipulate mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (mpc) to transport pyruvate into different subcellular compartments in candida glabrata to demonstrate the effects of the subcellul ... | 2018 | 29044478 |
| novel naja atra cardiotoxin 1 (ctx-1) derived antimicrobial peptides with broad spectrum activity. | naja atra subsp. atra cardiotoxin 1 (ctx-1), produced by chinese cobra snakes, belonging to elapidae family, is included in the three-finger toxin family and exerts high cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity too. using as template mainly the tip and the subsequent β-strand of the first "finger" of this toxin, different sequences of 20 amino acids linear peptides have been designed in order to avoid toxic effects but to maintain or even strengthen the partial antimicrobial activity already seen ... | 2018 | 29364903 |
| in vitroandin vivoefficacy of a novel and long acting fungicidal azole, pc1244 onaspergillus fumigatusinfection. | the antifungal effects of the novel triazole, pc1244, designed for topical or inhaled administration, againsta. fumigatushave been tested in a range ofin vitroandin vivostudies. pc1244 demonstrated potent antifungal activities against clinicala. fumigatusisolates (n=96) with a mic range of 0.016--0.25 μg/ml, whereas the mic range for voriconazole was 0.25--0.5 μg/ml. pc1244 was a strong tight-binding inhibitor of recombinanta. fumigatuscyp51a and cyp51b (sterol 14α-demethylase) enzymes and stron ... | 2018 | 29439966 |
| candida glabrata biofilms: how far have we come? | infections caused bycandidaspecies have been increasing in the last decades and can result in local or systemic infections, with high morbidity and mortality. aftercandida albicans,candida glabratais one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in humans. in addition to the high antifungal drugs resistance and inability to form hyphae or secret hydrolases,c. glabrataretain many virulence factors that contribute to its extreme aggressiveness and result in a low therapeutic response and serious recu ... | 2017 | 29371530 |
| patterns of genomic variation in the opportunistic pathogen candida glabrata suggest the existence of mating and a secondary association with humans. | candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that ranks as the second most common cause of systemic candidiasis. despite its genus name, this yeast is more closely related to the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae than to other candida pathogens, and hence its ability to infect humans is thought to have emerged independently. moreover, c. glabrata has all the necessary genes to undergo a sexual cycle but is considered an asexual organism due to the lack of direct evidence of sexual rep ... | 2018 | 29249661 |
| cooperation between er stress and calcineurin signaling contributes to the maintenance of cell wall integrity in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is the second most common source of candida infections in humans. in this pathogen, the maintenance of cell wall integrity (cwi) frequently precludes effective pharmacological treatment by antifungal agents. in numerous fungi, cell wall modulation is reported to be controlled by endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, but how the latter affects cwi maintenance in c. glabrata is not clearly understood. here, we characterized a c. glabrata strain harboring a mutation in the cne1 gene, ... | 2018 | 29248112 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiaeshow low levels of traversal across human endothelial barrierin vitro. | background: saccharomyces cerevisiaeis generally considered safe, and is involved in the production of many types of foods and dietary supplements. however, some isolates, which are genetically related to strains used in brewing and baking, have shown virulent traits, being able to produce infections in humans, mainly in immunodeficient patients. this can lead to systemic infections in humans.methods: in this work, we studieds. cerevisiaeisolates in an in vitro human endothelial barrier model, ... | 2017 | 28979764 |
| identification of uncommon oral yeasts from cancer patients by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | opportunistic infections due to candida species occur frequently in cancer patients because of their inherent immunosuppression. the aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of yeast species from the oral cavity of patients during treatment for oncological and haematological malignancies. | 2018 | 29310582 |
| an integrated process for xylooligosaccharide and bioethanol production from corncob. | an integrated process for xylooligosaccharides (xos) and bioethanol production from corncob was investigated. xos were produced by a consecutive process of koh treatment and hydrolysis by an in-house thermostable endo-xylanase from streptomyces thermovulgaris. xo yields of 0.15 g/gkoh-treated corncob(22.13 g/l) and 0.52 g/graw corncobof cellulose-rich corncob (crc) were obtained. after 96 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, crc hydrolysate contained 62.16, 51.21, 10.03 and 0.92 g/l of total sugar, glucos ... | 2018 | 29475148 |
| antifungal activity of the root extracts of pulsatilla patens against candida glabrata. | plants from the genus of pulsatilla produce a variety of secondary metabolites with biological activity. these species play a special role in herbal medicine and are used in traditional folk medicine to treat many diseases and ailments. due to their numerous medicinal properties, they are now also widely used as homeopathic preparations. in the present study, the antifungal activity of crude extracts of the root of pulsatilla patens (l.) mill. against the yeast candida glabrata with an ic₅₀ of 9 ... | 2017 | 29474774 |
| reduced antifungal susceptibility of vulvovaginal candida species at normal vaginal ph levels: clinical implications. | the aims of the study were to assess for differences in antifungal in vitro potency at ph 7 and ph 4 and to discuss any potential clinical implications of that difference. | 2018 | 29474241 |
| clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and treatment outcomes of patients with culture positive endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. | to report the clinical features organisms and treatment outcomes in patients with endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty (pk). | 2018 | 29468222 |
| cgpdr1 gain-of-function mutations lead to azole-resistance and increased adhesion in clinical candida glabrata strains. | recently, candida glabrata has emerged as a health-threatening pathogen and the rising resistance to antifungal agent in c. glabrata often leads to clinical treatment failure. | 2018 | 29464833 |
| remodeling of the candida glabrata cell wall in the gastrointestinal tract affects the gut microbiota and the immune response. | the gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota acts a natural barrier to the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. candida glabrata is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that has adapted to colonize all segments of the human gi tract. we observed an increase in escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, and bacteroides vulgatus populations, and a decrease in lactobacillus johnsonii, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and bifidobacterium animalis in mice with dss-induced colitis. this reduction was more pronounc ... | 2018 | 29463799 |
| comparative virulence of candida auris with candida haemulonii, candida glabrata and candida albicans in a murine model. | the incidence of invasive fungal infections (ifis) caused by uncommon candida species with diverse virulence and susceptibility profiles has increased in recent years. due to scarce clinical and experimental data on the pathogenicity of candida auris, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the virulence of two rare clinically relevant species, c. auris and candida haemulonii with candida glabrata and candida albicans in an immunocompetent murine model of disseminated infection. immuno ... | 2018 | 29460345 |
| fibrin web in a patient with candida glabrata endophthalmitis. | | 2018 | 29458827 |
| multiple brain abscesses caused by infection withcandida glabrata: a case report. | the present case report described the initial diagnosis of a 25-year old female with a brain abscess consisting of two lesions 0.2 and 2.9 cm3in volume. the patient was initially treated with antibiotics; however, 2 months following initial treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated and she became vegetative. following transfer to the china-japan union hospital of jilin university (jilin, china) the two lesions had grown in volume to 9.0 and 13.0 cm3, respectively. the results of magnetic r ... | 2018 | 29456643 |
| a quest to find good primers for gene expression analysis of candida albicans from clinical samples. | biofilm production contributes to several human diseases, including oral candidiasis. among the candida species, candida albicans is the most prevalent. the expression of virulence genes is implicated in the pathogenic potential of candida biofilms. however, the evaluation of microbial gene expression from in vivo biofilm samples is not trivial, specifically, assessment via quantitative pcr (qpcr) can be a challenge because of several species present in clinical samples. hence, the necessity of ... | 2018 | 29454005 |
| detecting infections rapidly and easily for candidemia trial, part 2 (direct2): a prospective, multicenter study of the t2candida panel. | blood cultures are approximately 50% sensitive for diagnosing invasive candidiasis. the t2candida nanodiagnostic panel uses t2 magnetic resonance and a dedicated instrument to detect candida directly within whole blood samples. | 2018 | 29438475 |
| oral yeast colonization and fungal infections in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study. | peritonitis and exit-site infections are important complications in peritoneal dialysis (pd) patients that are occasionally caused by opportunistic fungi inhabiting distant body sites. in this study, the oral yeast colonization of pd patients and the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated yeasts were accessed and correlated with fungal infection episodes in the following 4 years. saliva yeast colonization was accessed in 21 pd patients and 27 healthy controls by growth in chromagar-ca ... | 2017 | 29430252 |
| [a clinical analysis of children with invasive pulmonary fungal infections after biliary atresia surgery]. | to investigate the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infections (ipfis) after biliary atresia (ba) surgery and related risk factors. | 2018 | 29429460 |
| yeasts from skin colonization are able to cross the acellular dermal matrix. | in recent decades, the prognosis for burn patients has improved considerably with the development of specialized care. the acellular dermal matrix (adm) is a totally artificial acellular device that functions to control water loss, prevent penetration by bacteria and allow migration of endothelial cells and fibroblasts from patient tissues. however, little is known about its effectiveness against yeasts. the present study evaluated the capacity of colonization and migration of some human commens ... | 2018 | 29428422 |
| relative abundance ofcandida albicansandcandida glabratainin vitroco-culture biofilms impacts biofilm structure and formation. | candidais a member of the normal human microbiota and often resides on mucosal surfaces such as the oral cavity or the gastrointestinal tract. in addition to their commensality,candidaspecies can opportunistically become pathogenic if the host microbiota is disrupted or if the host immune system becomes compromised. an important factor forcandidapathogenesis is its ability to form biofilm communities. the two most medically important species -candida albicansandcandida glabrata- are often co-iso ... | 2018 | 29427422 |
| increased urine interleukin-17 and interleukin-22 levels in patients with candidal urinary tract infection. | candiduria is common in the hospitalized patients. this study aimed to quantify interleukin (il)-17 and il-22 levels in urine of candiduric patients. | 2018 | 29421775 |
| clinical characteristics of the first cases of invasive candidiasis in china due to pan-echinocandin-resistantcandida tropicalisandcandida glabrataisolates with delineation of their resistance mechanisms. | echinocandin antifungal agents have become the first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis (ic) in many countries. despite their increasing use, resistance to this class of drug is, overall, still uncommon. here, we report two patients from the people's republic of china with ic, one with infection caused by pan-echinocandin-resistantcandida tropicalisand the other by pan-echinocandin-resistantcandida glabrata. we also describe the mechanisms of drug resistance of these isolates. the echinocandi ... | 2018 | 29416360 |
| characterisation of an abc transporter of a resistant candida glabrata clinical isolate. | candida glabrata ranks second in epidemiological surveillance studies, and is considered one of the main human yeast pathogens. treatment of candida infections represents a contemporary public health problem due to the limited availability of an antifungal arsenal, toxicity effects and increasing cases of resistance. c. glabrata presents intrinsic fluconazole resistance and is a significant concern in clinical practice and in hospital environments. | 2018 | 29412345 |
| identification of medically importantcandidaspecies by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the rdna its1 and its2 regions. | we aimed to identify the distribution of species in candidal strains isolated from clinical samples and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method based on msp i and bln i restrictive enzyme cuts of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products after the amplification of its1 and its2 regions of rdna genotypically. | 2018 | 29405146 |
| the emerging threat of antifungal resistance in transplant infectious diseases. | the global emergence of antifungal resistance among candida spp. and aspergillus spp. will disproportionately affect transplantation recipients, who are prone to invasive fungal disease. | 2018 | 29404711 |
| candidacidal activity of a novel killer toxin from wickerhamomyces anomalus against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant strains. | the isolation and characterization from the sand flyphlebotomus perniciosusof awickerhamomyces anomalusyeast strain (wa1f1) displaying the killer phenotype was recently reported. in the present work, the killer toxin (kt) produced bywa1f1 was purified and characterized, and its antimicrobial activity in vitro was investigated against fluconazole- susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates and laboratory strains ofcandida albicansandc. glabratadisplaying known mutations.wa1f1-kt showed a differ ... | 2018 | 29401638 |
| molecular identification of candida species from urinary infections in honduras. | candiduria is a common infection among hospitalised patients. although the clinical relevance of yeasts in urine is not clearly defined, fungal urinary tract infections have increased significantly in the last decades, becoming a growing public health problem. candida albicans is the most commonly reported species in urinary infections, although other species of the genus are becoming particularly important, because some of them are linked with resistance to antifungal drugs. | 2018 | 29395833 |
| evaluation of synergistic anticandidal and apoptotic effects of ferulic acid and caspofungin against candida albicans. | this study aimed to investigate the synergy between anticandidal and apoptotic effects of ferulic acid and caspofungin against candida albicans and candida glabrata, with the help of a quantitative checkerboard microdilution assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) as a viability dye. apoptotic effects of caspofungin and ferulic acid concentrations (alone and combined) were analyzed for c. albicans and c. glabrata based on annexin v-propidium iodide binding ... | 2018 | 29389586 |
| activity and expression of candida glabrata vacuolar proteases in autophagy-like conditions. | candida glabrata is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has intrinsic resistance to azoles antifungals. during infection or while living as a commensal it encounters nutritional stresses such as deficiency of carbon or nitrogen sources. herein we investigate the expression and activity of pra, ape1, ape3 and cpy vacuolar proteases during these stressful nutrimental conditions. our findings demonstrate a differential activity profile depending on the addition or lack of carbon, nitrogen or bo ... | 2018 | 29385574 |
| fluconazole non-susceptible breakthrough candidemia after prolonged low-dose prophylaxis: a prospective funginos study. | breakthrough candidemia (btc) on fluconazole was associated with non-susceptible candida spp. and increased mortality. this nationwide funginos study analyzed clinical and mycological btc characteristics. | 2018 | 29378240 |
| azole resistance caused by increased drug efflux incandida glabrataisolated from the urinary tract of a dog with diabetes mellitus. | a yeast-like organism was isolated from a urine sample of a 6-year-old neutered male miniature poodle dog with urinary tract infection, diabetes ketoacidosis, and acute pancreatitis. we identified the yeast-like organism to becandida glabrataand found that this fungus was highly resistant to azole antifungal drugs. to understand the mechanism of azole resistance in this isolate, the sequences and expression levels of the genes involved in drug resistance were analyzed. the results of our analysi ... | 2017 | 29371812 |
| whole genome sequencing of candida glabrata for detection of markers of antifungal drug resistance. | candida glabrata can rapidly acquire mutations that result in drug resistance, especially to azoles and echinocandins. identification of genetic mutations is essential, as resistance detected in vitro can often be correlated with clinical failure. we examined the feasibility of using whole genome sequencing (wgs) for genome-wide analysis of antifungal drug resistance in c. glabrata. the aim was torecognize enablers and barriers in the implementation wgs and measure its effectiveness. this paper ... | 2017 | 29364212 |
| positive autoregulation and repression of transactivation are key regulatory features of the candida glabrata pdr1 transcription factor. | resistance to azole drugs, the major clinical antifungal compounds, is most commonly due to gain-of-function (gof) substitution mutations in a gene called pdr1 in the fungal pathogen candida glabrata. pdr1 encodes a zinc cluster-containing transcription factor. gof forms of pdr1 drive high level expression of downstream target gene expression with accompanying azole resistance. pdr1 has two homologous genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae, called scpdr1 and scpdr3. this study provides evidence that ... | 2018 | 29363861 |
| immune protection against lethal fungal-bacterial intra-abdominal infections. | polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections (iais) are clinically prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially those involving fungi. our laboratory developed a mouse model of iai and demonstrated that intraperitoneal inoculation withcandida albicansor other virulent non-albicans candida(nac) species plusstaphylococcus aureusresulted in 70 to 80% mortality in 48 to 72 h due to robust local and systemic inflammation (sepsis). surprisingly, inoculation withcandida dubliniensiso ... | 2018 | 29339423 |
| amphotericin b loaded sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles for targeting macrophages to treat intracellular candida glabrata infections. | the current study assesses the potential of functionalised chitosan nanoparticles (cnps) for proficient macrophage delivery of amphotericin b (ampb) for the management of candida glabrata fungemia. chitosan was functionalised by the method of sulfation by using chlorosulfonic acid and the developed compound was confirmed by ftir,1h nmr and degree of sulfation and chns analysis. amphotericin b encapsulated sulfated chitosan (ampb-scnps), when characterized showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 310 ± ... | 2018 | 29339278 |
| a rare case of candida glabrata spondylodiscitis: case report and literature review. | spondylodiscitis is an infection of the vertebral column, the incidence of which is increasing due to an increase in the susceptible population and improved ascertainment. this disease has been associated with a wide range of microorganisms. fungal spondylodiscitis is uncommon (0.5-1.6%) and strongly associated with immunosuppression and diabetes (gouliouris et al., 2010). a rare case of candida glabrata spondylodiscitis in a non-neutropenic diabetic patient is reported herein, along with a revi ... | 2018 | 29339229 |
| emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi: advances in the era of genomics. | bacteria and fungi continue to develop new ways to adapt and survive the lethal or biostatic effects of antimicrobials through myriad mechanisms. novel antibiotic resistance genes such as lsa(c), erm(44), vcc-1, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, blakluc-3and blakluc-4were discovered through comparative genomics and further functional studies. as well, mutations in genes that hitherto were unknown to confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as trm, pp2c, rpsj, hsc82, fks2 and rv2887, were shown by gen ... | 2018 | 29319341 |
| deletion ofada2increases antifungal drug susceptibility and virulence in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata, the second most frequent cause of candidiasis aftercandida albicans, is an emerging human fungal pathogen that is intrinsically drug tolerant. currently, studies ofc. glabratagenes involved in drug tolerance are limited. ada2, a component serving as a transcription adaptor of the spt-ada-gcn5 acetyltransferase (saga) complex, is required for antifungal drug tolerance and virulence inc. albicanshowever, its roles inc. glabrataremain elusive. in this study, we found thatada2mutan ... | 2018 | 29311082 |
| mutant prevention concentration and mutant selection window of micafungin and anidulafungin in clinical candida glabrata isolates. | we report the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) and mutant selection window (msw) for micafungin and anidulafungin administered to treatcandida glabratawe also determine the mutation frequency. we studied 20 echinocandin-susceptible, fluconazole-intermediate, andfkswild-typec. glabrataisolates. adjusted inocula were stroked directly onto sabouraud agar plates containing different concentrations of micafungin or anidulafungin and visually inspected daily for up to 5 days of incubation. indivi ... | 2018 | 29311063 |
| enhanced efflux pump activity in old candida glabrata cells. | we investigated the effect of replicative aging on antifungal resistance incandida glabrataour studies demonstrate significantly increased transcription of abc transporters and efflux pump activity in old versus youngc. glabratacells of a fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant strain. in addition, higher tolerance to killing by micafungin and amphotericin b was noted and is associated with higher transcription of glucan synthase genefks1and lower ergosterol content in older cells. | 2018 | 29311061 |
| what has changed in the treatment of invasive candidiasis? a look at the past 10 years and ahead. | the treatment of invasive candidiasis has changed greatly in the past decade and must continue to evolve if we are to improve outcomes in this serious infection. a review of recent history may provide insights for the future. the morbidity and mortality of invasive candidiasis remain difficult to measure despite an obvious clinical burden. current treatment guidelines now recommend echinocandins as first-line empirical treatment, with fluconazole as an acceptable alternative for selected patient ... | 2018 | 29304208 |
| association between candida biofilm-forming bloodstream isolates and the clinical evolution in patients with candidemia: an observational nine-year single center study in mexico. | candidemia is one of the most common nosocomial infections globally and it is associated with considerable excess mortality and costs. abreast, biofilm-forming strains are associated with even higher mortality rates and poor prognosis for the patient. | 2018 | 29287632 |
| candiduria in kidney transplant recipients: is antifungal therapy useful? | a french single-centre retrospective study between 2010 and 2014 was undertaken to assess candiduria's incidence in kidney transplant recipients (ktr), and the use and impact of antifungal treatment on outcome. candiduria was defined as a urine culture with ≥103 cfu/ml of candida species. candiduria clearance, severe complications and death rates were estimated by kaplan-meier methods and the effect of treatment by cox models. 52/1223 (4.3%) ktr had ≥1 episode of candiduria, 42 (81%) were female ... | 2017 | 29280198 |
| interactions between candida albicans and candida glabrata in biofilms: influence of the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation. | the relationship among candida species may be influenced by several factors. thus, this study evaluated the interactions between candida albicans and candida glabrata in biofilms, varying the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation. biofilms were formed for 48 hours in sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb) or rpmi 1640, supplemented with 0%, 1% or 5% glucose. each strain of c. albicans was combined with two strains of c. glabrata, generating four biofilm associations, which were quantif ... | 2017 | 29274093 |
| candida glabrata prosthetic joint infection, successfully treated with anidulafungin: a case report and review of the literature. | non-albicans candida prosthetic joint infection (pji) is extremely rare. a case of a candida glabrata knee pji is a 68-year-old splenectomised female smoker, suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and alcoholism is reported. the patient presented with a peri-prosthetic fracture, 15 years after total knee replacement surgery. cultures of the intraoperative peri-prosthetic tissue and materials yielded c. glabrata, as well as a methicillin-resistant s. epidermitis. the patient ... | 2017 | 29272049 |
| genomic identification of microbial species adhering to maxillofacial prostheses and susceptibility to different hygiene protocols. | this study investigated the microbial colonization of maxillofacial prostheses and support tissues using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization method, and the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% ricinus communis solutions, or brushing, on colony forming unit (cfu) reduction in monospecies biofilms (candida glabrata, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus mutans, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) formed on two silicones (mdx 4-4210 and bio-skin). biofi ... | 2018 | 29258349 |
| the phosphorelay signal transduction system in candida glabrata: an in silico analysis. | signaling systems allow microorganisms to sense and respond to different stimuli through the modification of gene expression. the phosphorelay signal transduction system in eukaryotes involves three proteins: a sensor protein, an intermediate protein and a response regulator, and requires the transfer of a phosphate group between two histidine-aspartic residues. the sln1-ypd1-ssk1 system enables yeast to adapt to hyperosmotic stress through the activation of the hog1-mapk pathway. the genetic se ... | 2017 | 29248994 |
| cost effectiveness of candida polymerase chain reaction detection and empirical antifungal treatment among patients with suspected fungal peritonitis in the intensive care unit. | mortality from intra-abdominal candidiasis in intensive care units (icus) is high. it takes many days for peritoneal-fluid fungal culture to become positive, and the recommended empirical antifungal therapy involves excessive costs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) should produce results more rapidly than fungal culture. | 2017 | 29241891 |
| low and constant micafungin concentrations may be sufficient to lead to resistance mutations in fks2 gene of candida glabrata. | we studied the ability of five echinocandin-susceptible c. glabrata isolates to acquire in vitro resistance to anidulafungin and micafungin. all isolates became phenotypically resistant after 2-4 days of exposure to low and constant micafungin concentrations (p < .05). mutations in the hs1 region of the fks2 gene were found in all isolates. the acquisition of resistance was not related to the previous use of antifungal treatment in the patients or the presence of mutations at msh2 gene. we found ... | 2017 | 29228268 |
| update from a twelve-year nationwide fungaemia surveillance: increasing intrinsic and acquired resistance causes concern. | new data from the danish national fungaemia surveillance 2012-15 is reported and epidemiological trends are investigated in a 12-year perspective (2004-15). during 2012-15, 1900 out of 1939 (98%) fungal bloodstream isolates were included. the average incidence was 8.4/100,000 inhabitants and this appears to be stabilizing after the increase to 10.1/100,000 in 2011. the incidence was higher in males than females (10.0 vs 6.8) and in patients above 50 years, mainly driven by an increasing incidenc ... | 2017 | 29212705 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities and mechanism of heteropolytungstates against candida species. | the antifungal activities of heteropolytungstates, α-1,2,3-k6h[siw9v3o40] (siw-3), k13[ce(siw11o39)2]·17h2o (siw-5), k13[eu(siw11o39)2]·25h2o (siw-10), k6pv3w9o40(pw-6), α-k4pvw11o40(pw-8), were screened in 29 candida albicans, 8 candida glabrata, 3 candida krusei, 2 candida parapsilosis, 1 candida tropicalis, and 1 cryptococcus neoformans strains using the clsi m27-a3 method. siw-5 had the highest efficacy with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values of <0.2-10.2 μm in vitro. the antifu ... | 2017 | 29209074 |
| isolation and determination of four potential antimicrobial components frompseudomonas aeruginosaextracts. | background:pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause disease and also can be isolated from the skin of healthy people. additionally, it exhibits certain antimicrobial effects against other microorganisms.methods:we collected 60 strains ofp. aeruginosaand screened their antimicrobial effects againststaphylococcus aureus(atcc 25923) using the filter paper-disk method, the cross-streaking method and the co-culture method and then evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the chloroform-isolateds. aureusextrac ... | 2017 | 29200950 |
| nosocomial candiduria in the elderly: microbiological diagnosis. | candiduria is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and long hospitalization, involving high costs for the healthcare system. the use of increasingly aggressive treatments has prolonged the lives of patients susceptible to candiduria, namely the immunosuppressed, the premature, and the elderly. our objective was to evaluate the incidence of nosocomial candiduria and the implicated species in hospitalized patients aged over 80 years old from three spanish centers during 2012 and 2013. urine ... | 2017 | 29196922 |
| liposomal and deoxycholate amphotericin b formulations: effectiveness against biofilm infections of candida spp. | candidiasis is the primary fungal infection encountered in patients undergoing prolonged hospitalization, and the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. one of the most importantcandidaspp. virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms, which are extremely refractory to antimicrobial therapy and very difficult to treat with the traditional antifungal therapies. it is known that the prophylaxis or treatment of a systemic candidiasis are recurrently taken without considerin ... | 2017 | 29194382 |
| a new determinant ofcandida glabratavirulence: the acetate exporter cgdtr1. | persistence and virulence ofcandida glabratainfections are multifactorial phenomena, whose understanding is crucial to design more suitable therapeutic strategies. in this study, the putative multidrug transporter cgdtr1, encoded by orfcagl0m06281g, is identified as a determinant ofc. glabratavirulence in the infection modelgalleria mellonella.cgdtr1deletion is shown to decrease the ability to killg. mellonellalarvae by decreasingc. glabrataability to proliferate ing. mellonellahemolymph, and to ... | 2017 | 29184852 |
| role of tyrosol on candida albicans, candida glabrata and streptococcus mutans biofilms developed on different surfaces. | to assess the effect of tyrosol on the production of hydrolytic enzymes (by candida biofilm cells) and acid (by streptococcus mutans biofilms), as well as to quantify single and mixed biofilms of these species formed on acrylic resin (ar) and hydroxyapatite (ha). | 2017 | 29178712 |
| oral glucan synthase inhibitor scy-078 is effective in an experimental murine model of invasive candidiasis caused by wt and echinocandin-resistant candida glabrata. | echinocandins are recommended as first-line therapy against candida glabrata infections, although increased resistance to this class has been reported worldwide and they are currently only available for parenteral administration. scy-078 is an investigational glucan synthase inhibitor that is orally available. | 2018 | 29177447 |
| carboxymethylated ɩ-carrageenan conjugated amphotericin b loaded gelatin nanoparticles for treating intracellular candida glabrata infections. | intercellular candida glabrata infections are difficult to treat due to poor penetration of drugs into the fungal niche. delivering amphotericin b (amp b) into the macrophages where the pathogen inhabits is an effective solution. we are studying the macrophage targeting proficiency of ɩ-carrageenan for the delivery of amp b using gelatin a nanoparticles (gnps). the choice of gelatin a was the outcome of in silico inspections where the amino functionalized polymer having the best docking score wi ... | 2017 | 29169943 |
| isolated cutaneous granuloma caused by candida glabrata: a rare case report and literature review. | the incidence of candidiasis due to non-albicans candida species (especially candida glabrata) has significantly increased in recent decades. candida glabrata often invades immunocompromised hosts and causes systemic or mucosal infections, whereas cutaneous infections are rarely reported. we present a rare case of cutaneous infection caused by c. glabrata and review all similar cases available in the pubmed database. a patient was admitted to the hospital with a 2-month history of a plaque on th ... | 2017 | 29164434 |
| maturation and cytokine pattern of human dendritic cells in response to different yeasts. | activated dendritic cells (dc) induce and polarize t-cell responses by expression of distinct maturation markers and cytokines. this study systematically investigated the capacity of different biotechnically relevant yeast species and strains including saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, kluyveromyces lactis, pichia pastoris, hansenula polymorpha, yarrowia lipolytica, and candida glabrata to initiate maturation of human dc. as important prerequisite for t-cell activation, all ye ... | 2018 | 29164392 |
| antifungal susceptibility testing of candida species isolated from the immunocompromised patients admitted to ten university hospitals in iran: comparison of colonizing and infecting isolates. | antifungal susceptibility testing is a subject of interest in the field of medical mycology. the aim of the present study were the distributions and antifungal susceptibility patterns of various candida species isolated from colonized and infected immunocompromised patients admitted to ten university hospitals in iran. | 2017 | 29157206 |
| the potential of the newly isolated thermotolerant yeast pichia kudriavzevii rz8-1 for high-temperature ethanol production. | high potential, thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeasts were successfully isolated in this study. based on molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated thermotolerant yeasts were clustered in the genera of pichia kudriavzevii, candida tropicalis, candida orthopsilosis, candida glabrata and kodamea ohmeri. a comparative study of ethanol production using 160g/l glucose as a substrate revealed several yeast strains that could produce high ethanol concentrations at high temperat ... | 2017 | 29154013 |
| benzoxaboroles as efficient inhibitors of the β-carbonic anhydrases from pathogenic fungi: activity and modeling study. | a series of 6-substituted benzoxaboroles were investigated as inhibitors of the β-class carbonic anhydrase from three pathogenic fungi (cryptococcus neoformans,candida glabrata, andmalassezia globosa). independently from the nature of the substituents on the phenyl of the urea/thiourea group, all reported derivatives showed nanomolar inhibitory activities against can2 and cgnce103 vs micromolar inhibition against mgca. selectivity over human ca i and ca ii was noticed. the observed structure-act ... | 2017 | 29152053 |
| extracellular proteinases of candida species pathogenic yeasts. | the increased incidence of severe disseminated infections caused by the opportunistic yeast-like fungi candida spp. highlights the urgent need for research into the major virulence factors of these pathogens-extracellular aspartic proteinases of the candidapepsin and yapsin families. classically, these enzymes were considered to be generally destructive factors that damage host tissues and provide nutrients for pathogen propagation. however, in recent decades, novel and more specific functions h ... | 2017 | 29139623 |
| increasing the fungicidal action of amphotericin b by inhibiting the nitric oxide-dependent tolerance pathway. | amphotericin b (amb) induces oxidative and nitrosative stresses, characterized by production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in fungi. yet, how these toxic species contribute to amb-induced fungal cell death is unclear. we investigated the role of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals in amb's fungicidal activity insaccharomyces cerevisiae,using a digital microfluidic platform, which enabled monitoring individual cells at a spatiotemporal resolution, and plating assays. the nitric oxide ... | 2017 | 29129987 |
| evaluation of the antifungal effect of chicory extracts on candida glabrata and candida krusei in a laboratory environment. | this research has evaluated the extract's antifungal effects on candida glabrata and candida krusei in a laboratory environment. | 2017 | 29109313 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of ganoderma lucidum (reishi mushroom). | ganoderma lucidum (gl) is a mushroom used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of various infections since ancient times. this study, was aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity potential of gl against staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, listeria monocytogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei, and candida parapsilopsis. furthermore, it was also aimed to evaluate the toxicity potential of gl. an ... | 2017 | 29105633 |
| a linear 19-mer plant defensin-derived peptide acts synergistically with caspofungin againstcandida albicansbiofilms. | public health problems are associated with device-associated biofilm infections, withcandida albicansbeing the major fungal pathogen. we previously identified potent antibiofilm combination treatment in which the antifungal plant defensin hsafp1 is co-administered with caspofungin, the preferred antimycotic to treat such infections. in this study, we identified the smallest linear hsafp1-derived peptide that acts synergistically with caspofungin or anidulafungin againstc. albicansas hslin06_18, ... | 2017 | 29104569 |
| molecular detection of candida species from hospitalized patient’s specimens. | to identify the most frequent candida species in specimens from patients hospitalized in different medical centers of mexico city, with suspected fungal infection. | 2018 | 29099103 |
| synthesis and biological evolution of hydrazones derived from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide. | reflecting the known biological activity of isoniazid-based hydrazones, seventeen hydrazones of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide as their bioisosters were synthesized from various benzaldehydes and aliphatic ketones. the compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria (m. avium, m. kansasii), bacterial and fungal strains. the most antimicrobial potent derivatives were also investigated for their cytostatic and cytotoxic propert ... | 2017 | 29097168 |