| hiv/aids awareness in those diagnosed with mental illness. | the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to increase among the general population. previous studies in this field focused mainly on the 'at-risk' groups such as homosexuals, prostitutes, intravenous drug users, bisexual men and women. mentally ill men and women remain one of the subgroups understudied and yet continue to show disproportionately high levels of seroprevalence. the purpose of this study was to elucidate awareness of the risk factors associated with hiv transmissio ... | 2011 | 21395913 |
| clinical effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30:70 versus biphasic human insulin 30 in uk general clinical practice: a retrospective database study. | premixed, or biphasic, insulins containing varying proportions of rapid- and intermediate-acting insulin components have been developed to limit the number of daily injections for patients who require both prandial and basal insulin injections. | 2011 | 21397771 |
| using an online survey of healthcare-seeking behaviour to estimate the magnitude and severity of the 2009 h1n1v influenza epidemic in england. | during the 2009 h1n1v influenza epidemic, the total number of symptomatic cases was estimated by combining influenza-like illness (ili) consultations, virological surveillance and assumptions about healthcare-seeking behaviour. changes in healthcare-seeking behaviour due to changing scientific information, media coverage and public anxiety, were not included in case estimates. the purpose of the study was to improve estimates of the number of symptomatic h1n1v cases and the case fatality rate (c ... | 2011 | 21410965 |
| the hammersmith hospital hematopathology case of the month: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to epstein-barr virus associated t-cell lymphoma. | we discuss the clinical presentation, investigations carried out, and the management issues in an elderly patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh). the hlh was associated with an underlying epstein-barr virus positive peripheral t-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and the lymphomatous cells harbored translocation t(5;9)(q11.2:p24). the 9p24 region contains the jak2 gene. the disease had a fulminant course. | 2011 | 21417828 |
| the incidence and prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in sheffield, uk. | background and purpose: the purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih) in sheffield, uk. methods: a retrospective review of case notes was conducted to identify cases of iih seen between 1 january 2007 and 31 december 2008. results: sixteen (15 women and 1 man) new patients were identified to give an incidence within sheffield of 1.56/100 000/year and 2.86/100 000/year for women. the incidence of iih in obese women was 11.9 ... | 2011 | 21426442 |
| explaining variation in the uptake of hpv vaccination in england. | in england, two national programmes of hpv vaccination for girls have been instituted, a routine programme for 12- and 13-year-olds and a catch-up programme for 17- and 18-year-olds. uptake rates across the country have been far from uniform, and this research sought to identify factors explaining the variation in uptake by locality. | 2011 | 21426539 |
| wetland conservation and sustainable coastal governance in japan and england. | coastal wetlands present particular challenges for coastal governance and for the implementation of the ramsar convention, not least because coastal areas are focal points of human activity and of governance ambiguity. through the evaluation of ramsar delivery at both national and local levels in japan and england, the relationship between ramsar implementation and coastal governance was examined. in england, ramsar status is primarily treated as a nature conservation designation which limits th ... | 2011 | 21429531 |
| investigating transmission of mycobacterium bovis in the united kingdom in 2005 to 2008. | due to an increase in bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the united kingdom, we investigated the characteristics of mycobacterium bovis infection in humans and assessed whether extensive transmission of m. bovis between humans has occurred. a cross-sectional study linking demographic, clinical, and dna fingerprinting (using 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat [miru-vntr] typing) data on cases reported between 2005 and 2008 was undertaken. a total of 12 ... | 2011 | 21430093 |
| n-nitroso compounds and cancer incidence: the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (epic)-norfolk study. | humans are exposed to preformed n-nitroso compounds (nocs) and endogenous nocs. several nocs are potential human carcinogens, including n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma), but evidence from population studies is inconsistent. | 2011 | 21430112 |
| letter to the editor. group a streptococcal infections during the seasonal influenza outbreak 2010/11 in south east england. | | 2011 | 21435326 |
| excess mortality monitoring in england and wales during the influenza a(h1n1) 2009 pandemic. | summarywe present the results from a novel surveillance system for detecting excess all-cause mortality by age group in england and wales developed during the pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 period from april 2009 to march 2010. a poisson regression model was fitted to age-specific mortality data from 1999 to 2008 and used to predict the expected number of weekly deaths in the absence of extreme health events. the system included adjustment for reporting delays. during the pandemic, excess all-c ... | 2011 | 21439100 |
| serotonin transporter gene moderates childhood maltreatment's effects on persistent but not single-episode depression: replications and implications for resolving inconsistent results. | background: genetic and environmental factors shape life-long vulnerability to depression, but most gene-environment interaction (g×e) research has focused on cross-sectional assessments rather than life-course phenotypes. this study tests the hypothesis that the g×e involving the length polymorphism in the serotonin-transporter-gene-linked-promoter-region (5-httlpr) and childhood maltreatment is specific to depression that runs a persistent course in adulthood. methods: the hypothesis is tested ... | 2011 | 21439648 |
| estrogen and progesterone receptor isoform distribution through the menstrual cycle in uteri with and without adenomyosis. | to test the hypothesis that the expression of the different isoforms of the estrogen receptor alpha (er-a) and beta (er-ß) and the progesterone receptor a (pr-a) and b (pr-b) would be differentially modulated in uteri with adenomyosis compared with controls and that modulation would be related to the menstrual cycle. | 2011 | 21444077 |
| effect of abcb1 genotype on pre- and post-cardiac transplantation plasma lipid concentrations. | genetic variation of atp-binding cassette subfamily b member 1 (abcb1) which encodes p-glycoprotein (p-gp) has been associated with lipid levels and response to statins. here, we studied these associations in patients with advanced heart failure who subsequently underwent transplantation. fasting total cholesterol (tc), low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol and triglycerides (tg) concentrations in 268 adult heart transplant recipients were analysed ... | 2011 | 21445698 |
| children's relative clause markers in two non-mainstream dialects of english. | we examined children's productions of mainstream and non-mainstream relative clause markers (e.g. that, who, which, what, where, ø) in african american english (aae) and southern white english (swe) as a function of three linguistic variables (syntactic role of the marker, humanness of the antecedent and adjacency of the noun phrase head). the data were language samples from 99 typically developing 4-6-year-olds: 61 spoke aae and 38 spoke swe. the majority of the children's relative clauses incl ... | 2011 | 21453062 |
| dcdc2, kiaa0319 and cmip are associated with reading-related traits. | several susceptibility genes have been proposed for dyslexia (reading disability; rd) and specific language impairment (sli). rd and sli show comorbidity, but it is unclear whether a common genetic component is shared. | 2011 | 21457949 |
| "novel" brominated flame retardants in belgian and uk indoor dust: implications for human exposure. | concentrations of several "novel" brominated flame retardants (nbfrs) are reported in indoor dust samples from belgian houses (n=39) and offices (n=6) and from day-care centers and schools in the west midlands of the uk (n=36). using a gc-ecni/ms method, the following nbfrs were quantified: decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe) (range <20-2470 ng g(-1)), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (btbpe) (range <0.5-1740 ng g(-1)), tetrabromobisphenol a-bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (tbbpa-dbpe) (range <20-9 ... | 2011 | 21458020 |
| edgar pask and his physiological research--an unsung hero of world war two. | edgar pask died in 1966 at the age of 53. he was the professor of anaesthesia in newcastle upon tyne, and a quiet and unassuming man. but during the second world war he had been involved in a number of dangerous and remarkable experiments; these included investigating the effects of acute hypoxia related to high altitude parachute descents, resuscitation techniques and the effectiveness of lifejackets. | 2011 | 21465904 |
| revival of an old problem: an increase in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 8 infections in 2010 in england and northern ireland linked to duck eggs. | summarysalmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 8 is uncommon in humans in the uk. in july 2010, the health protection agency reported an excess isolation rate of pan-susceptible s. typhimurium dt8 in england and northern ireland. by the end of october, this amounted to 81 laboratory-confirmed human cases for all regions of england and northern ireland in 2010, an increase of 26% and 41% on 2009 and 2008, respectively. descriptive epidemiological investigation found a s ... | 2011 | 21470442 |
| nurses' knowledge and risk perception towards seasonal influenza and vaccination and their vaccination behaviours: a cross-sectional survey. | background: seasonal influenza has become a serious public health problem worldwide and vaccination is recognized as the most effective preventative measure. healthcare workers can be the vectors of influenza outbreaks. data suggest that nurses' vaccination remains suboptimal worldwide. objectives: to explore the relationship among nurses' knowledge, risk perception and their vaccination behaviours and the reasons for vaccination uptake. design: a cross-sectional survey. setting: participants we ... | 2011 | 21474136 |
| political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. | substantial differences exist in the cognitive styles of liberals and conservatives on psychological measures [1]. variability in political attitudes reflects genetic influences and their interaction with environmental factors [2, 3]. recent work has shown a correlation between liberalism and conflict-related activity measured by event-related potentials originating in the anterior cingulate cortex [4]. here we show that this functional correlate of political attitudes has a counterpart in brain ... | 2011 | 21474316 |
| academic and molecular matrices: a study of the transformations of connective tissue research at the university of manchester (1947-1996). | this paper explores the different identities adopted by connective tissue research at the university of manchester during the second half of the 20th century. by looking at the long-term redefinition of a research programme, it sheds new light on the interactions between different and conflicting levels in the study of biomedicine, such as the local and the global, or the medical and the biological. it also addresses the gap in the literature between the first biomedical complexes after world wa ... | 2011 | 21486662 |
| the study of anatomy in england from 1700 to the early 20th century. | the study of anatomy in england during the 18th and 19th century has become infamous for bodysnatching from graveyards to provide a sufficient supply of cadavers. however, recent discoveries have improved our understanding of how and why anatomy was studied during the enlightenment, and allow us to see the context in which dissection of the human body took place. excavations of infirmary burial grounds and medical school cemeteries, study of hospital archives, and analysis of the content of surv ... | 2011 | 21496014 |
| high-density fine-mapping of a chromosome 10q26 linkage peak suggests association between endometriosis and variants close to cyp2c19. | to refine a previously reported linkage peak for endometriosis on chromosome 10q26, and conduct follow-up analyses and a fine-mapping association study across the region to identify new candidate genes for endometriosis. | 2011 | 21497341 |
| the 2010 paton lecture. the sympathetic nervous system through the ages: from thomas willis to resistant hypertension. | the 17th century london neuroanatomical school headed by thomas willis provided us with the first identifiable images of the sympathetic nervous system. nineteenth century giants of european physiology (bernard, waller, brown-sequard) identified these as the 'pressor nerves'. von euler's demonstration that the sympathetic transmitter was noradrenaline brought the field into the modern era. the development of ganglion-blocking drugs, by paton whose name this review commemorates, allowed comprehen ... | 2011 | 21551268 |
| prisoners' bodies: methods and advances in convict medicine in the transportation era. | recent historical research looks upon the plight of australian convicts not as victims of a harsh penal system, but as workers whose health had to be judiciously maintained. what then can be said for the medical treatments provided for convict patients during this chapter in australia's past? did convicts receive medical treatments with the same measure of importance and urgency as the free populace, or were prisoners' bodies considered with such a measure of insignificance that they provided ve ... | 2010 | 21553693 |
| a family of doctors over 250 years: innovation and controversy. | a family of watkins doctors originating in the northamptonshire town of towcester included 13 doctors in seven generations during 250 years. in each generation there were between one and four doctors. three doctors involved themselves actively in innovative yet controversial practises, described in their own writings and publications. timothy watkins' (1755-1834) own handwritten lecture notes describe the problems affecting an 18th-century man-midwife, while his accounts book provides insights i ... | 2011 | 21558531 |
| the tree as evolutionary icon: tree in the natural history museum, london. | as part of the darwin celebrations in 2009, the natural history museum in london unveiled tree, the first contemporary artwork to win a permanent place in the museum. while the artist claimed that the inspiration for tree came from darwin's famous notebook sketch of branching evolution, sometimes referred to as his "tree of life" drawing, this article emphasises the apparent incongruity between darwin's sketch and the artist's design -- best explained by other, complementary sources of inspirati ... | 2011 | 21560437 |
| familial c3 glomerulopathy associated with cfhr5 mutations: clinical characteristics of 91 patients in 16 pedigrees. | summary background and objectives complement factor h and related proteins (cfhr) are key regulators of the alternative complement pathway, where loss of function mutations lead to a glomerulopathy with isolated mesangial c3 deposits without immunoglobulins. gale et al. (12) reported on 26 patients with the first familial, hematuric glomerulopathy caused by a founder mutation in the cfhr5 gene in patients of cypriot descent living in the united kingdom. cfhr5 nephropathy is clinically characteri ... | 2011 | 21566112 |
| organisational quality, nurse staffing and the quality of chronic disease management in primary care: observational study using routinely collected data. | background: an association between quality of care and staffing levels, particularly registered nurses, has been established in acute hospitals. recently an association between nurse staffing and quality of care for several chronic conditions has also been demonstrated for primary care in english general practice. a smaller body of literature identifies organisational factors, in particular issues of human resource management, as being a dominant factor. however the literature has tended to cons ... | 2011 | 21571273 |
| patricia jacobs. | | 2011 | 21577227 |
| the prognostic significance of computerised tomography findings in women with liver metastases from breast cancer. | aims: while computerised tomography (ct) is used for diagnosis and assessing response to treatment little work has been performed on the prognostic significance of the ct findings in women with liver metastases. the aim of this study was to assess if the ct findings in women diagnosed with liver metastases at the time of first presentation with metastatic breast cancer have any prognostic significance. materials and methods: the staging ct scans of 78 consecutive women diagnosed with liver metas ... | 2011 | 21596564 |
| raymond greene: physician, mountaineer, and raconteur. | c. raymond greene (1901-1982) was a man of many talents. after graduating from medical school in 1927, he spent a decade in general practice. he subsequently became heavily involved in the emerging specialty of endocrinology and went on to gain considerable recognition in the treatment of thyroid disorders before eventually becoming involved in the world of medical publishing. aside from greene's mainstream vocational and intellectual pursuits, from boyhood he nurtured a passionate interest in m ... | 2011 | 21601498 |
| influenza and acute myocardial infarction. | | 2011 | 21606526 |
| circulating influenza virus, climatic factors, and acute myocardial infarction: a time series study in england and wales and hong kong. | (see the editorial commentary by finelli and chaves, on pages 1701-4.) background. previous studies identifying associations between influenza and acute cardiac events may have been confounded by climatic factors. differing seasonal patterns of influenza activity in hong kong and england and wales provide a natural experiment to examine associations with myocardial infarction (mi) independent of cold weather effects. methods. weekly clinical and laboratory influenza surveillance data, environmen ... | 2011 | 21606529 |
| hospital facilities for head injured children: uk national survey. | aim to assess how child emergency department (ed) attendances are distributed between hospitals across england, wales and northern ireland and how care is organised for children with a head injury. methods a cross-sectional survey was performed of the 245 hospitals in england wales, northern ireland and the crown dependencies (channel islands and isle of man) which were eligible to participate in the enquiry from september 2009 to april 2010. the survey covered hospital details, departments and ... | 2011 | 21609945 |
| limitations of the clea model when assessing human health risks from dioxins and furans in soil at an allotments site in rochdale, nw england. | many allotments in the uk today are situated on urban brownfield areas which creates a potential human health risk from soil borne contamination. this paper looks specifically at the risks to allotment users at a site in rochdale, uk, from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (pcdd and pcdf). a contaminated land investigation was undertaken involving the collection and analysis of 24 soil samples from the top 0.0-0.3 m of the soil profile. homogenised egg samples ... | 2011 | 21611642 |
| endovascular aneurysm repair reverses the increased titer and the inflammatory activity of interleukin-1α in the serum of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. | objective: to examine serum cytokine/chemokine profiles before and 6 months after endovascular repair (evar) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) and to determine whether they correlate with serum inflammatory activity using an in vitro model of leukocyte recruitment. methods: serum il-1-α, il-1β, il-4, il-6, il-8, il-10, ifn-γ, ip-10, mcp-1, tnf-α, and tnf-β were measured using a cytometry-based immunoassay. to test patient serum for direct inflammatory activity, human endothelial cells (ec) were ... | 2011 | 21620624 |
| nephrology in a medicinal dictionary of robert james (1703-1776). | robert james was a member of the college of physicians at cambridge and a practitioner. he was considered one of the "three best known characters in london--perhaps in europe. the other two being the lexycographer samuel johnson and the shakespearean actor david garrick." james became famous for his powerful ability to write and publish, which produced many books, including the ponderous a medicinal dictionary, with a history of drugs, in 3 volumes in folio, published in london in the years 1743 ... | 2011 | 21614778 |
| incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse in colposcopy-negative/human papillomavirus-positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities. | please cite this paper as: kelly r, walker p, kitchener h, moss s. incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse in colposcopy-negative/human papillomavirus-positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities. bjog 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02970.x objective to determine the risk of incident high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in human papillomavirus (hpv) -positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities who had a satisfactory normal colp ... | 2011 | 21624034 |
| to moscow with love: partial reconstruction of vygotsky's trip to london. | the russian psychologist lev vygotsky (1896-1934) left the soviet union only once to attend a conference on the education of the deaf in london. so far almost nothing was known about this trip, which took place in a period when vygotsky was still completely unknown as a psychologist, both inside his own country and abroad. making use of a newly discovered notebook, it proved possible to partially reconstruct vygotsky's journey and stay in london. vygotsky's very personal remarks show him to have ... | 2011 | 21626140 |
| adiponectin and lipid profiles compared with insulins in relation to early growth of british south asian and european children: the manchester children's growth and vascular health study. | context: adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) and insulin concentrations may be important in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. objective: we tested the hypothesis that serum adiponectin rather than insulin differs from early life, between south asians and europeans, with a potentially key role in excess cardiovascular risk characteristic of adult south asians. design and participants: we conducted a longitudinal study of 215 british-born children of european (n ... | 2011 | 21632814 |
| meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus with a novel meca homologue in human and bovine populations in the uk and denmark: a descriptive study. | background: animals can act as a reservoir and source for the emergence of novel meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clones in human beings. here, we report the discovery of a strain of s aureus (lga251) isolated from bulk milk that was phenotypically resistant to meticillin but tested negative for the meca gene and a preliminary investigation of the extent to which such strains are present in bovine and human populations. methods: isolates of bovine mrsa were obtained from the vet ... | 2011 | 21641281 |
| increasing rates of cervical cancer in young women in england: an analysis of national data 1982-2006. | in england, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women aged under 35 years. overall incidence of cervical cancer has decreased since the introduction of the national screening programme in 1988 but recent trends of incidence in young women have not been studied in detail. | 2011 | 21654675 |
| food labels as boundary objects: how consumers make sense of organic and functional foods. | this paper considers how consumers make sense of food labeling, drawing on a qualitative, empirical study in england. i look in detail at two examples of labeling: 1) food certified as produced by organic methods and 2) functional food claimed to be beneficial for human health, especially probiotic and cholesterol-lowering products. i use the concept of "boundary objects" to demonstrate how such labels are intended to work between the worlds of food producers and food consumers and to show how i ... | 2011 | 21657133 |
| assisted dying commission is told of need for robust protocols. | | 2011 | 21661641 |
| demographic consequences of increased winter births in a large aseasonally breeding mammal (bos taurus) in response to climate change. | 1.ôçéstudies examining changes in the scheduling of breeding in response to climate change have focused on species with well-defined breeding seasons. species exhibiting year-round breeding have received little attention and the magnitudes of any responses are unknown. 2.ôçéwe investigated phenological data for an enclosed feral population of cattle (bos taurus l.) in northern england exhibiting year-round breeding. this population is relatively free of human interference. 3.ôçéwe assessed wheth ... | 2011 | 21668894 |
| lmtk3 expression in breast cancer: association with tumor phenotype and clinical outcome. | interactions between kinases and the estrogen receptor ╬▒ (er╬▒) are thought to be a critical signaling pathway in the majority of human breast cancers. we have recently identified a previously uncharacterized molecule, lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (lmtk3) as a prognostic and predictive oncogenic er╬▒ regulator with a central role in endocrine resistance. unusually this protein has undergone darwinian positive selection between chimpanzees and humans suggesting it may contribute to human susceptibili ... | 2011 | 21671015 |
| genital warts and cost of care in england. | objectives to estimate the total number of cases of, and cost of care for, genital warts (gws) in england, to inform economic evaluations of human papillomavirus vaccination. methods the number of gw cases seen in general practices (gps) and in genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics was estimated using the general practice research database and the gum clinic activity dataset. the overlap in care of cases in the two settings was estimated. the calculated costs of care in gp and hospitals were adde ... | 2011 | 21813567 |
| international spread of an epidemic population of salmonella enterica serotype kentucky st198 resistant to ciprofloxacin. | national salmonella surveillance systems from france, england and wales, denmark, and the united states identified the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica serotype kentucky displaying high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. a total of 489 human cases were identified during the period from 2002 (3 cases) to 2008 (174 cases). these isolates belonged to a single clone defined by the multilocus sequence type st198, the xbai-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster ... | 2011 | 21813512 |
| antinuclear antibodies are associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor i gene polymorphism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | objectives: antinuclear antibodies (ana) are a common feature of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra). herein, we investigate the relationship between ana and polymorphism in the tumour necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) genes. methods: serum titers of ana at diagnosis were measured in 267 patients with ra and a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in each of the tnfr-i (36a/g) and tnfr-ii (676t/g) genes was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymor ... | 2011 | 21813053 |
| embryo futures and stem cell research: the management of informed uncertainty. | in the social worlds of assisted conception and stem cell science, uncertainties proliferate and particular framings of the future may be highly strategic. in this article we explore meanings and articulations of the future using data from our study of ethical and social issues implicated by the donation of embryos to human embryonic stem cell research in three linked assisted conception units and stem cell laboratories in the uk. framings of the future in this field inform the professional mana ... | 2011 | 21812792 |
| the beauty of anatomy: visual displays and surgical education in early-nineteenth-century london. | summary:the early-nineteenth-century artist, anatomist, and teacher sir charles bell saw anatomy and art as closely related subjects. he taught anatomy to artists and surgeons, illustrated his own anatomical texts, and wrote a treatise on the use of anatomy in art. the author explores the connections among visual displays representing human anatomy, aesthetics, and pedagogical practices for bell and a particular group of british surgeon-anatomists. creating anatomical models and drawings was tho ... | 2011 | 21804185 |
| evaluation of the experiences of family members whose deceased relative donated tissues at the nhsbt dedicated donation facility in speke, liverpool. | donation of human tissue for transplant and research has historically been facilitated within the hospital mortuary. in 2006 nhsbt tissue services opened the dedicated donation facility [ddf], the first facility in the uk dedicated to the donation of tissues under strictly controlled conditions. nine family members who had agreed and experienced the transfer of their deceased relative to the ddf for tissue donation participated in a service evaluation applying qualitative data collection methods ... | 2011 | 21785945 |
| tick (ixodes ricinus) abundance and seasonality at recreational sites in the uk: hazards in relation to fine-scale habitat types revealed by complementary sampling methods. | the seasonal risk to humans of picking up ixodes ricinus ticks in different habitats at 3 recreational sites in the uk was assessed. a comprehensive range of vegetation types was sampled at 3-weekly intervals for 2 years, using standard blanket-dragging complemented by woollen leggings and square 'heel flags'. ticks were found in all vegetation types sampled, including short grass close to car parks, but highest densities were consistently found in plots with trees present. blankets picked up th ... | 2011 | 21771540 |
| 'an old man in a dry month' | | 2011 | 21750021 |
| loss to follow-up among adults attending human immunodeficiency virus services in england, wales, and northern ireland. | : to assess the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-diagnosed adults attending hiv-services in england, wales, and northern ireland are lost to follow-up or attend services intermittently. | 2011 | 21844719 |
| the epidemiology of sporadic human infections with unusual cryptosporidia detected during routine typing in england and wales, 2000-2008. | summaryroutine typing of 14 469 isolates from human cryptosporidiosis cases between 2000 and 2008 revealed that 7439 (51-à4%) were cryptosporidium (c.) hominis, 6372 (44-à0%) c. parvum, 51 (0-à4%) both c. hominis and c. parvum, 443 (3-à1%) were not typable and 164 (1-à1%) were other cryptosporidium species or genotypes. of the latter, 109 were c. meleagridis, 38 c. felis, 11 c. ubiquitum, one c. canis, two horse, two novel and one skunk genotype. c. hominis monkey genotype and c. cuniculus were ... | 2011 | 21733255 |
| nhs resource allocation: a question of funding? | the article explores the implications of using human rights principles as a basis to challenging a resource allocation decision by a primary care trust in the courts. it explores the implications of the recent decision in r (condliff) v north staffordshire nhs trust [2011] and the prospects for development of future litigation. | 2011 | 21841679 |
| association between ivus findings and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease the viva (vh-ivus in vulnerable atherosclerosis) study. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether thin-capped fibroatheromata (tcfa) identified by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (vh-ivus) are associated with major adverse cardiac events (mace) on individual plaque or whole patient analysis. | 2011 | 21835382 |
| bath breakfast project (bbp) - examining the role of extended daily fasting in human energy balance and associated health outcomes: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial [isrctn31521726]. | abstract: background: current guidance regarding the role of daily breakfast in human health is largely grounded in cross-sectional observations. however, the causal nature of these relationships has not been fully explored and what limited information is emerging from controlled laboratory-based experiments appears inconsistent with much existing data. further progress in our understanding therefore requires a direct examination of how daily breakfast impacts human health under free-living cond ... | 2011 | 21740575 |
| squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity rarely harbours oncogenic human papillomavirus. | although it is now well established that a significant proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (scc) harbour oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences, the frequency with which these sequences are detected in oral scc (excluding oropharyngeal subsites) is highly variable. in an attempt to establish the true prevalence of hpv-16 and hpv-18 subtypes in oral scc, we screened 142 consecutive cases from a uk cohort using both conventional pcr with consensus primers and type-specific ... | 2011 | 21689967 |
| a cross-sectional audit of the uptake of seasonal and h1n1 influenza vaccination amongst patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a london hospital. | | 2011 | 21722505 |
| introduction to the department for environment, food and rural affairs (defra) predict 2 tamar estuary research workshop: pathological risk evaluation using "health status-related" biomarkers. | | 2011 | 21683997 |
| bilateral asymmetry of the humerus during growth and development. | the development of handedness throughout growth can be investigated by using bilateral asymmetry of the humerus as a proxy for this trait. a large skeletal sample of nonadults from english archaeological sites was examined using standard metric techniques to assess when right-sided asymmetry first appears in the human skeleton. results of this work indicate a change in directional asymmetry during growth and development, with infants and young children exhibiting no significant asymmetry and old ... | 2011 | 21702005 |
| mortality in neurofibromatosis 1: in north west england: an assessment of actuarial survival in a region of the uk since 1989. | neurofibromatosis 1 (nf1) is a comparatively common autosomal dominant disorder. however, relatively few studies have assessed lifetime risk; and information about the effect of nf1 on mortality remains uncertain. nf1 patients were identified using the north west regional family genetic register, which covers the 4.1 million people living in north west england, including the regions of greater manchester, cheshire and cumbria. data relating to tumours and malignancies were obtained from the nort ... | 2011 | 21694737 |
| limiting worker exposure to highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n1): a repeat survey at a rendering plant processing infected poultry carcasses in the uk. | abstract: | 2011 | 21819563 |
| in the beginning: role of autonomy support on the motivation, mental health and intentions of participants entering an exercise referral scheme. | self-determination theory (deci & ryan, 2000, intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. new york: plenum publishing) highlights the impact autonomy supportive environments can have on exercise motivation and positive health outcomes. yet little is known about whether differential effects occur as a function of which significant other is providing this support. further, no research has examined the relationship between motivation and the social environment with participants' ... | 2011 | 21827332 |
| Should patents for antiretrovirals be waived in the developing world? Annual varsity medical debate - London, 21 January 2011. | ABSTRACT: The 2011 Varsity Medical Debate, between Oxford and Cambridge Universities, brought students and faculty together to discuss the waiving of patents for antiretroviral therapies in the developing world. With an estimated 29.5 million infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in low- and middle-income countries and only 5.3 million of those being treated, the effective and equitable distribution of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is an issue of great importance. The debate centred aro ... | 2011 | 21740573 |
| the frequency of detection of unexpected diabetes mellitus during haemoglobinopathy investigations. | to establish the frequency of detection of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus as a result of detection of an increased glycated fraction of haemoglobin during high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) for haemoglobinopathy diagnosis. | 2011 | 21730263 |
| sustainable microbial water quality monitoring programme design using phage-lysis and multivariate techniques. | contamination of surface waters is a pervasive threat to human health, hence, the need to better understand the sources and spatio-temporal variations of contaminants within river catchments. river catchment managers are required to sustainably monitor and manage the quality of surface waters. catchment managers therefore need cost-effective low-cost long-term sustainable water quality monitoring and management designs to proactively protect public health and aquatic ecosystems. multivariate and ... | 2011 | 21962927 |
| seasonality in the incidence of cervical carcinoma in teenagers and young adults in northern england, 1968-2005. | infection with human papillomavirus is an established risk factor for cervical carcinoma. however, the role of other environmental factors is less well established. to further investigate whether other agents may be involved, the authors have analyzed seasonal variation in cervical cancer with respect to month of birth and separately month of diagnosis. all 85 cases diagnosed in 15-24-yr-olds during the period 1968-2005 were extracted from the specialist population-based northern region young pe ... | 2011 | 22080788 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory virus infections in children with persistent cough in England: a retrospective analysis. | Persistent cough following an acute respiratory tract infection is common in children, but clinicians may find it difficult to give accurate prognostic information on likely duration of cough without a microbiologic diagnosis. This study estimates the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and assesses the prognostic value of detecting Mp and respiratory viruses in children with persistent cough. | 2011 | 21857262 |
| Human Mycobacterium bovis Infections in London and Southeast England. | Variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) and spoligotyping analyses were used to assess transmission of Mycobacterium bovis between humans. VNTR was more discriminatory than spoligotyping. Low case numbers, despite a substantial animal reservoir, and resolution of all isolates provided no evidence of recent human-to-human transmission or recent significant infection from animals. | 2012 | 22075587 |
| A review of nursing workforce policies in five European countries: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Portugal and United Kingdom*/England. | Review nursing workforce policies in five European countries: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Portugal and the United Kingdom*. | 2011 | 21899632 |
| use of outcomes in monitoring healthcare - how many outcome measures are needed in monitoring diabetes in primary care? | to investigate the relationship between patient experience assessed through surveys of random samples of practice populations and intermediate outcome targets in those patients with diabetes, collected in the quality and outcomes framework pay-for-performance scheme. | 2011 | 21969479 |
| Maiden voyage. | The scientific debate which developed during the eighteenth century, proposed and diffused new theories on the generation not only within the scientific community. Microscopic investigation and various experimental campaigns fostered daring models attempting to unveil the natural phenomena from which life originates. Besides the famous scientific and philosophical works that marked the age, in the second part of the century two pamphlets appeared that well represent the importance of the querell ... | 2011 | 21936203 |
| malaria therapy in hiv: drug interactions between nevirapine and quinine. | we report the case of an hiv-positive nigerian man on antiretroviral therapy (art) with an undetectable viral load who presented with rigors, fever and back pain after returning to the uk from a three-week trip to nigeria. infection with plasmodium falciparum malaria was confirmed and treatment with quinine commenced together with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and clarithromycin for possible respiratory infection. at the time of admission the patient could not remember the names of his art medicat ... | 2011 | 22174067 |
| relationship between vitamin d and hyperglycemia in older people from a nationally representative population survey. | to investigate the association between vitamin d levels and hyperglycemia in a national community sample of older people. | 2011 | 22091491 |
| Lesbian and bisexual women's human rights, sexual rights and sexual citizenship: negotiating sexual health in England. | Lesbian and bisexual women's sexual health is neglected in much Government policy and practice in England and Wales. This paper examines lesbian and bisexual women's negotiation of sexual health, drawing on findings from a small research project. Themes explored include invisibility and lack of information, influences on decision-making and sexual activities and experiences of services and barriers to sexual healthcare. Key issues of importance in this respect are homophobic and heterosexist soc ... | 2011 | 21972785 |
| Moorfields Eye Hospital is to host European trial of human embryonic stem cells. | | 2011 | 21948878 |
| Ombudsmen find NHS trust and council guilty of "shocking" failings over care of man with Down's syndrome. | | 2011 | 22115905 |
| Bayesian modeling to unmask and predict influenza A/H1N1pdm dynamics in London. | The tracking and projection of emerging epidemics is hindered by the disconnect between apparent epidemic dynamics, discernible from noisy and incomplete surveillance data, and the underlying, imperfectly observed, system. Behavior changes compound this, altering both true dynamics and reporting patterns, particularly for diseases with nonspecific symptoms, such as influenza. We disentangle these effects to unravel the hidden dynamics of the 2009 influenza A/H1N1pdm pandemic in London, where sur ... | 2011 | 22042838 |
| Paralysed man asks High Court to allow doctors to end his life. | | 2011 | 22134969 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supports the presence of host-adapted salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains in the british garden bird population. | salmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within great britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from england and wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. a subset of 124 fully biotyped salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero ... | 2011 | 21948838 |
| changes in thrombin generation, fibrinolysis, platelet and endothelial cell activity, and inflammation following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. | abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a prothrombotic, hypofibrinolytic diathesis that may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. the effect of endovascular aneurysm repair (evar) on this prothrombotic diathesis is not fully understood, especially over the medium and long term. a better understanding of these postintervention changes may improve the risk of cardiovascular complications in the long term. the purpose of this study was to examine t ... | 2012 | 21975058 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and h1n1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccination using an as03 adjuvanted vaccine in the united kingdom: self-controlled case series. | in 1976 a swine influenza vaccine was associated with an increased risk of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). although subsequent studies did not find an increased risk of gbs following seasonal influenza vaccine, there was concern that the monovalent h1n1 vaccines developed against the swine influenza pandemic of 2009 might increase the risk of gbs. in the uk a split-virion as03 oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine (pandemrix™) was predominantly used. to determine whether the risk of gbs increased after ... | 2011 | 21875631 |
| combined analysis of chrna5, chrna3 and cyp2a6 in relation to adolescent smoking behaviour. | cyp2a6 influences smoking uptake in adolescence. genetic variation in the chrna5-chrna3 region influences smoking behaviour in adults. however, their combined effects on smoking in adolescence have not been tested to date. we present data on 1450 adolescents from the ten towns heart health study (tthhs) extensively phenotyped for smoking-related traits during adolescence. single nucleotide polymorphisms from chrna5 and chrna3 (previously associated with smoking), were typed in our study populati ... | 2011 | 21765098 |
| conventional versus acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in healthy human participants: effects during stimulation. | objectives: to compare the hypoalgesic effects of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) (high frequency, low intensity) and acupuncture-like tens (al-tens, low frequency, high intensity) on cold-induced pain. design: randomized controlled parallel group study comparing the effects of strong non-painful al-tens, conventional tens and placebo (no current) tens on cold-pressor pain threshold (cpt) and pain intensity. two baseline (pre-intervention) measures and three dur ... | 2011 | 21771255 |
| a constructivist approach? using formative evaluation to inform the electronic prescription service implementation in primary care, england. | as part of the national programme for it (npfit) in england, the electronic prescription service (eps) is being implemented in two releases. the first release placed barcodes on prescriptions and is widely implemented. release two (eps2), the electronic transmission of prescriptions between gp, pharmacy and the reimbursement body, has just started implementation. on the npfit agenda, community pharmacies have been predicted to benefit from changes in work practice following the full eps implemen ... | 2011 | 21893776 |
| [Down and his syndrome]. | John Langdon Haydon Down (1828-1896) was born in Torpoint, Cornwall (United Kingdom), as the son of a grocer cum pharmacist. At age 18, after having assisted in his father's shop for 4 years, he went to London; first as a surgeon's apprentice and subsequently as an assistant to the Pharmaceutical Society. Illness, probably tuberculosis, forced him to go back home. After his father died in 1853, he returned to London to study medicine. Despite having received various honours and prizes, he opted ... | 2011 | 22027467 |
| Using an auto/biographical approach to investigate nurses' learning. | To develop methodological discussion about an 'auto/biographical' approach used to research nurses' learning. | 2011 | 22128586 |
| socio-phenomenology and conversation analysis: interpreting video lifeworld healthcare interactions. | this article uses a socio-phenomenological methodology to develop knowledge and understanding of the healthcare consultation based on the concept of the lifeworld. it concentrates its attention on social action rather than strategic action and a systems approach. this article argues that patient-centred care is more effective when it is informed through a lifeworld conception of human mutual shared interaction. videos offer an opportunity for a wide audience to experience the many kinds of conve ... | 2011 | 21906231 |
| who were his peers? the social and professional milieu of the provincial surgeon-apothecary in the late-eighteenth century. | the social standing of the surgeon-apothecary cannot be determined by reference to professional life alone, yet few such men left social documents. the lower middling sort was typically reticent about evaluations of their own social position in any source genre. this article uses a unique archive, and the concept of community connectedness, to investigate the status of thomas higgins, surgeon-apothecary and man-midwife of north shropshire. higgins embodied the traditional practitioner who relied ... | 2011 | 21853622 |
| basic human rights of older people are abused in home care. | | 2011 | 22121164 |
| mental health legislation and human rights in england, wales and the republic of ireland. | in 2005, the world health organization (who) published its resource book on mental health, human rights and legislation (geneva: who) presenting a detailed statement of human rights issues which need to be addressed in national legislation relating to mental health. the purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which revised mental health legislation in england, wales (2007) and ireland (2001) accords with these standards (excluding standards relating solely to children or mentally-ill ... | 2011 | 22113089 |
| introduction and spread of non-native parasites with silurus glanis l. (teleostei: siluridae) in uk fisheries. | despite growing concern of the ecological risks posed by the european catfish siluris glanis l. in freshwater fisheries, little information exists on the parasite fauna of this silurid catfish in britain. parasitological examinations of released s. glanis from four still-water fisheries in england revealed the presence of thaparocleidus vistulensis (siwak, 1932) and ergasilus sieboldi (nordmann, 1832), both non-native parasites, the latter known to be an important fish pathogen. this represents ... | 2011 | 22130112 |
| Distinct neuropsychological profiles correspond to distribution of cortical thinning in inherited prion disease caused by insertional mutation. | Background The human prion diseases are a group of universally fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the auto-catalytic misfolding of the normal cell surface prion protein (PrP). Mutations causative of inherited human prion disease (IPD) include an insertion of six additional octapeptide repeats (6-OPRI) and a missense mutation (P102L) with large families segregating for each mutation residing in southern England. Here we report for the first time the neuropsychological and clinical ... | 2012 | 21849340 |
| observational clinical human reliability analysis (ochra) for competency assessment in laparoscopic colorectal surgery at the specialist level. | background: there are no valid and reliable tools to assess competency in advanced laparoscopic surgery at a specialist level. the observational clinical human reliability analysis (ochra) may have the required characteristics of such a tool. the aim of this study was to evaluate construct and concurrent validity of ochra for competency assessment at a specialist level. methods: thirty-two video-recorded laparosc ... | 2011 | 22042584 |
| saviour-sibling and the psychological, ethical and judicial issues that it creates: should english and french legislators close the pandora's box? | since the advent of test-tube babies, advances in the biomedical field have risen steadily. in parallel, the scientific body has never since ceased to debate the ethical issues that they arise. this is particularly the case regarding saviour-sibling. saviour-sibling refers to a child who is conceived to cure an older brother or sister suffering from a serious family genetic disease. therefore, it is meant to give birth to a child who will provide stem-cells taken from the umbilical cord or bone ... | 2011 | 21870591 |