| airflow obstruction after substance p aerosol: contribution of airway and pulmonary edema. | we have studied the effects of aerosolized substance p (sp) in guinea pigs with reference to lung resistance and dynamic compliance changes and their recovery after hyperinflation. in addition, we have examined the concomitant formation of airway microvascular leakage and lung edema. increasing breaths of sp (1.5 mg/ml, 1.1 mm), methacholine (0.15 mg/ml, 0.76 mm), or 0.9% saline were administered to tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs. lung resistance (rl) increased dose depe ... | 1990 | 1702092 |
| colocalization of substance p and gaba in retinal ganglion cells: a computer-assisted visualization. | ganglion cells in the albino rat retina were retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent dye, diamindino-yellow, from the superior colliculus. preembedding and postembedding immunocytochemical techniques were employed in conjunction with computer-assisted image processing to visualize sp- and gaba-immunoreactivity. examination of flatmount and sectioned retinas revealed that approximately 3% of the ganglion cells projecting to the contralateral superior colliculus exhibit sp-immunoreactivity. more ... | 1990 | 1702316 |
| spinal cord substance p mediates carbachol-induced cardiovascular responses from the rostral ventrolateral medulla. | intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of substance p (sp) antagonist, (d-pro2, d-trp7,9)-substance p (20 micrograms), lowered blood pressure profoundly without any significant change of heart rate. the hypertensive and tachycardic responses elicited by microinjection of carbachol (25 ng/site) into the bilateral rostral ventrolateral medulla (rvlm) were blocked by i.t. infusion of sp antagonist. these data provided evidence that an excitatory cardiovascular effect induced by cholinergic system in rvlm may ... | 1990 | 1702343 |
| peptide-containing nerves in the human pregnant uterine cervix: an immunohistochemical study exploring the effect of ru 486 (mifepristone). | the presence of several neuropeptides (neuropeptide y (npy), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), substance p (sp), galanin (gal), enkephalin (enk), somatostatin (som) was established in the early pregnant human cervix using indirect immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry. several peptides (vip, npy, cgrp, gal) were present both in free nerves among smooth muscle cells and around blood vessels. others (sp, som) were only seen as single varicosities am ... | 1990 | 1702449 |
| effect of intrathecal injection of pertussis toxin on substance p, norepinephrine and serotonin contents in various neural structures of arthritic rats. | the possible influence of spinal receptors coupled to gi/go regulatory proteins on chronic pain adaptive processes of neural tissues was investigated in normal and arthritic rats. pain-suffering animals showed an enhanced immunoreactivity to substance p (ir-sp) in the lumbar spinal cord, pons-medulla oblongata region and thalamus. norepinephrine (ne) levels were increased in the spinal cord, while serotonin (5-ht) was elevated in both spinal cord and midbrain. the intrathecal injection of 1 micr ... | 1990 | 1702496 |
| ethanol-related changes in substance p in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. | the effect of the administration of a rabbit anti-substance p serum (asps) was studied in rats receiving an acute injection of ethanol. asps lowered serum prolactin levels and reduced the hyperprolactinemia induced by ethanol. asps also decreased lh serum levels in both saline- and ethanol-treated rats. the effect of ethanol on the concentration of substance p-like immunoreactivity (sp-li) in the mediobasal hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland was also investigated. ethanol reduced sp-l ... | 1990 | 1702551 |
| interrelationships of zinc with glucose and insulin metabolism in humans. | hyperzincemia has been reported to cause alterations in the homeostasis of glycid metabolism. to determine this effect on plasma glucose and insulin levels, we studied 36 normal individuals of both sexes aged 22-26 y after a 12-h fast. the tests were initiated at 7:00 am when an antecubital vein was punctured and a device for infusion was installed and maintained with physiological saline. zinc was administered orally at 8:00 am. subjects were divided into an experimental group of 22 individuals ... | 1990 | 1702661 |
| substance p immunoreactivity in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. | neurotransmitters, such as substance p (sp), may mediate the biological response to mechanical stress applied to teeth during orthodontic treatment. this hypothesis was investigated immunohistochemically on maxillae of cats which had one maxillary canine tipped distally for a period of time ranging from 1 h to 14 days. horizontal histological sections 5 microns thick, collected on adhesive tape while still frozen, then freeze-dried, were stained by an immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method using ra ... | 1990 | 1702686 |
| substance p-induced release of prostaglandins from astrocytes: regional specialisation and correlation with phosphoinositol metabolism. | addition of substance p (sp) to astrocytes cultured from rat neonatal spinal cord evoked a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the accumulation of phosphoinositol and the release of prostaglandin (pg) d2 and pge2. both basal and stimulated releases were reduced to similar levels by indomethacin. in contrast, astrocytes cultured from cerebral cortex and cerebellum showed no sp-stimulated increase in phosphoinositol accumulation or release of pgs. release of pgd2 and pge2 was, however, s ... | 1991 | 1702831 |
| spantide ii, a novel tachykinin antagonist having high potency and low histamine-releasing effect. | two undecapeptide substance p (sp) analogues, spantide i and spantide ii, were tested for their capacity to block the contractile effect of sp on the guinea pig isolated taenia coli and the contractile effect of electrical stimulation of the rabbit isolated (and atropinized) iris sphincter, and for their capacity to mobilize histamine from rat isolated peritoneal mast cells. spantide i and spantide ii have one feature in common, namely d-tryptophan in positions 7 and 9. spantide i: d-arg, pro2, ... | 1990 | 1702895 |
| tachykinins in the canine gastroesophageal junction. | lower esophageal sphincter (les) effects produced by the mammalian tachykinins were evaluated in anesthetized dogs. the distribution and content of substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) in the region of the canine gastroesophageal junction was also studied. sp and nka stimulated a linear dose-dependent contraction of the les after intra-arterial administration. neurokinin b (nkb) failed to stimulate an increase in les pressure (lesp). sp was characterized by an immediate but short-lived contra ... | 1991 | 1702940 |
| photoaffinity labeling the substance p receptor using a derivative of substance p containing p-benzoylphenylalanine. | a novel photoreactive substance p (sp) analogue has been synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology to incorporate the amino acid p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine [l-phe(pbz)] in place of the phe8 residue of sp. [phe8(pbz)]sp was equipotent with sp in competing for sp binding sites on rat submaxillary gland membranes and had potent sialagogic activity in vivo. in the absence of light, the 125i-labeled bolton-hunter conjugate of [phe8(pbz)]sp bound in a saturable and reversible manner to a ... | 1991 | 1703017 |
| role of central tachykinin peptides in cardiovascular regulation in rats. | the mechanisms of action of tachykinin peptides thought to be involved in central cardiovascular regulation were examined. intracerebroventricular injections (i.c.v.) of tachykinin peptides caused dose-dependent increases in blood pressure and heart rate. the pressor responses to substance p (sp) (10 micrograms, i.c.v.) and neurokinin a (nka) (10 micrograms, i.c.v.) were blocked by peripheral administration of pentolinium or phentolamine, and partially attenuated by adrenalectomy. in contrast, t ... | 1990 | 1703026 |
| peptide 53-78 of myelin p2 protein is a t cell epitope for the induction of experimental autoimmune neuritis. | we have recently described the clinical and pathological features of experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean) in lewis rats inoculated with varying doses of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid residues 53-78 of bovine p2 protein (sp-26). immunization with this synthetic peptide was able to induce severe clinical and pathological characteristics of ean. we are now reporting that, sp-26 t cell lines derived from spleen and lymph node cell populations of such immunized rats, upon bein ... | 1991 | 1703049 |
| modulation of a peripheral inflammatory response to substance p by locally administered opioid receptor agonists. | using a blister model of inflammation in the rat hind footpad, the present study was undertaken to examine possible peripheral effects of specific mu (dago) and delta (dslet) opioid receptor agonists on an inflammatory response induced by substance p, the putative mediator of neurogenic inflammation. when perfused over the blister base, sp induced both plasma extravasation and vasodilatation responses. these responses were significantly inhibited in the presence of either opioid receptor agonist ... | 1990 | 1703284 |
| [the role of substance p in electroacupuncture analgesia and its relation to enkephalins in the rat brain]. | in order to understand the role of substance p (sp) in the brain and the relationship between sp and enkephalins in the electroacupuncture analgesia (ea), we have observed the influence of sp-antagonist, (d-arg', d-phe5, d-trp7.9, leu11) -sp (dadpdtl) injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) on ea and the change of the level of sp in the brain regions of the rat during ea. we have made a further observations on the influences of the naloxone (nx) on the che change of the content of sp induced by ... | 1990 | 1703461 |
| [the influence of p-chlorophenylalanine on the analgesia of electro-acupuncture and the level of sp in cns of rats]. | p-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa) 250 mg/kg ip, was given to a group of rats. 72 hrs later the electro-acupuncture analgesia was tested and substance p (sp) in the brain stem and the lumbar spinal of the rats was determined by ria. after pcpa injecting the electro-acupuncture no longer caused analgesia but lowered the pain threshold. meanwhile the level of sp in the brain stem and lumbar spinal did not increased but much lowered than the group of vehicle injection combined with electro-acupuncture. i ... | 1990 | 1703462 |
| [relation of capsaicin-sensitive neurones to the effect of electro-acupuncture analgesia]. | in this experiment, the rats treated with capsaicin (50 mg/kg) s. c. on day 2 of liqe were used 12 weeks after injection. the levels of substance p(sp) in sciatic nerves and dorsal spinal cords were measured with radioimmunoassay to evaluate the extent of c-afferent fibers damaged by capsaicin. the results as follows: (1) the levels of sp in the sciatic nerve and the dorsal spinal cord are decreased by 69% and by 62% respectively, indicating the degeneration of the primary c-afferent fibers is v ... | 1990 | 1703463 |
| [effect of monoamine neurotransmitters, enkephalin and morphine on substance p contents of several brain regions and pain threshold in rats]. | the present work was carried out to observe the effect of intra-cerebroventricular (icv) injection of monoamine neurotransmitters, enkephalin and morphine on immunoreactive substance p(ir-sp) contents in hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus and pain threshold. the results were as follows: (1) after icv or intra-dr (dorsal raphe nucleus) injection of 5-htp, the content of ir-sp in hypothalamus significantly decreased and pain threshold markedly increased; after depletion of the 5-ht content in bra ... | 1990 | 1703464 |
| distribution of neuropeptide-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the canine larynx. | the distribution of neuropeptide immunoreactive nerve fibers in the canine larynx was examined. in the epithelium of supra- and subglottic regions, a dense distribution of substance p (sp)- and calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (cgrp)-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibers was observed. some vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-ir intraepithelial nerve fibers were also seen in the subglottic region. in the laryngeal glands, a dense distribution of vip-ir nerve fibers with a few sp- and enkephalin ... | 1990 | 1703650 |
| [effect of capsaicin on the release of substance p from spinal cord and blood pressure]. | the role of substance p (sp) in the regulation of sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system was assessed. intrathecal injection(ith) of capsaicin caused a release of sp from the spinal cord and resulted in an increase in blood pressure and heart rate accompanied by an elevation of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. this pressor response was blocked by ith sp antagonist d-pro2, d-phe7, d-trp9-sp or antiserum against sp. the immunohistochemical study showed that the sp-like immunoreactivi ... | 1990 | 1703663 |
| isolate b12, which harbours a virus-like element, represents a new species of the archaebacterial genus sulfolobus, sulfolobus shibatae, sp. nov. | the sulfolobus isolate b12 and its endogenous virus-like element ssv1 have provided a fruitful system for detailed analysis of certain aspects of archaebacterial molecular biology, especially those concerning gene expression. in the course of clarifying this isolate's taxonomic position, we determined dna base composition, ability to grow autotrophically, nucleotide sequence of 16s ribosomal rna, and level of total genomic homology to other sulfolobus strains. although the results generally demo ... | 1990 | 1703758 |
| use of anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes for in vitro and in vivo identification of substance p receptor. | in order to develop immunological tools for studying the receptor of the neuropeptide substance p (sp), anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id abs) were produced by immunization with anti-sp antibodies whose specificity was close to that of the sp receptor. immunological studies revealed structural similarity between some anti-id abs and sp itself. as a consequence, these anti-id abs were able to bind to mammalian sp receptors. these antibodies were used in immunocytochemistry to label sp receptors ... | 1990 | 1703763 |
| epitope prediction and confirmation for the human androgen receptor: generation of monoclonal antibodies for multi-assay performance following the synthetic peptide strategy. | the human androgen receptor (har) is an important regulatory protein particularly in male sexual differentiation. the investigation of har functionality has been hampered by the lack of ar specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing the functional domains of the receptor. therefore production of high affinity mono-specific polyclonal (pabs) and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to the har was initiated following the synthetic peptide (sp) strategy. five har specific peptides were selected on ... | 1991 | 1703791 |
| [participation of the sensory nerves in the inflammatory response induced by irritants]. | participation of the sensory neurons, especially substance p (sp)-containing neurons, in the inflammatory response induced by formalin (for), croton oil (cro), mustard oil (mus), carrageenin (car), dextran (dex) and egg white (egg) was studied in mice and rats. for-induced foot edema was significantly inhibited by denervation of the sciatic nerve of rats, but it was slightly facilitated by that of the saphenous nerve. car-induced edema was not influenced by denervation of both nerves. in mice pr ... | 1990 | 1703984 |
| inflammatory responses induced by substance p in rat paw. | substance p (sp) injection in the plantar region of rat hind paw caused a dose related inflammation, which reached a peak within 10 min of injection and declined after 60 min. low doses (0.25-0.063 mg/kg) of sp-antagonists like (d-pro2, d-trp7,9)-sp and (d-pro2, d-phe7, d-trp9)-sp pretreatment significantly inhibited the sp induced paw oedema, while higher doses (0.5-1 mg/kg) showed agonistic effects. pretreatment with diphenhydramine alone or along with low doses of sp-antagonists was highly si ... | 1990 | 1703990 |
| the influence of adrenal hormone status on neuroendocrine peptides in the rat anterior pituitary gland. | neuropeptide y (npy), neurotensin (nt), substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) are four structurally unrelated neuroendocrine peptides which affect anterior pituitary function. all four peptides appear to be locally synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland and have been shown to be regulated by thyroid and/or sex hormone status. we show here that nt, sp and vip but not npy are influenced by adrenal hormone status in the male rat pituitary gland. adrenalectomy increased the c ... | 1990 | 1704043 |
| the subserosal ganglia of the human taenia. | specimens of the taenia from the sigmoid colon of female patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the rectum were studied histochemically and immunohistochemically for acetylcholinesterase (ache) and for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-, substance p (sp)-, somatostatin (som)-, neuropeptide y (npy)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)- and met-enkephalin (menk)-immunoreactivity. autonomic ganglia were observed on the serosal surface of the longitudinal muscle of the taenia. the su ... | 1990 | 1704111 |
| inhibitory renorenal reflexes: a role for substance p or other capsaicin-sensitive neurons. | in anesthetized rats, we examined whether inhibitory renorenal reflex responses to renal pelvic mechanoreceptor (mr) and chemoreceptor (cr) stimulation were mediated by substance p (sp)-containing neurons. capsaicin (0.5 ng to 5 micrograms) injected into the renal pelvis increased afferent renal nerve activity (arna) dose dependently, from 60 +/- 19 to 333 +/- 105%. for a given arna response, a 100-fold higher dose was required when capsaicin was injected into the renal interstitium compared wit ... | 1991 | 1704197 |
| the influence of substance p and its fragments on endogenous phosphorylation of synaptosomal membrane protein (synapsin) from cerebral cortex of rat brain. | 1. the effects of substance p and its fragments and analogue of a c-terminal fragment on cyclic amp-dependent phosphorylation of synapsin i in synaptosomal membranes (sm) from cerebral cortex were investigated. 2. sp(i-ii) and sp(1-4) at 10(-3) m caused a marked stimulation of synapsin i phosphorylation. 3. a c-terminal fragment of sp (sp6-11) had no effect on phosphorylation of synapsin 1. 4. analogue of c-terminal fragment [(tyr8)sp6-11] at 10(-3) m distinctly inhibits phosphorylation of synap ... | 1990 | 1704299 |
| airway effects of inhaled bradykinin, substance p, and neurokinin a in sheep. | the effects of inhaled bradykinin (bk), substance p (sp), and neurokinin a (nka) on pulmonary resistance and airway responsiveness to carbachol were studied in conscious allergic sheep. inhaled bk (20 breaths, 0.1 to 5.0 mg.ml-1) caused dose-dependent increases in pulmonary resistance. neither inhaled sp nor nka (20 breaths, 0.1 to 1.0 mg.ml-1) produced significant bronchoconstriction in allergic sheep. however, the response to sp could be enhanced (p less than 0.05) by pretreatment with the neu ... | 1991 | 1704388 |
| further demonstration that [pro9]-substance p is a potent and selective ligand of nk-1 tachykinin receptors. | previous studies have indicated that [pro9]-substance p ([pro9]-sp) possesses very good affinity for nk-1 binding sites and that, in contrast to substance p, it interacts selectively with these sites. therefore, [3h][pro9]-sp (75 ci/mmol) was synthesized in order to study its binding to membranes of the rat brain. specific binding of [3h][pro9]-sp (75% of total binding) was temperature-dependent, saturable, and reversible. scatchard analysis and hill plots revealed the existence of a single popu ... | 1991 | 1704425 |
| priming effects of mammalian tachykinins on human neutrophils. | the undecapeptide substance p (sp) is known to activate different cell types involved in inflammatory and immune processes. by evaluating primed stimulation of human neutrophils, we now demonstrate that sp (10 nm-0.1 mm) dose-dependently enhances superoxide anion production from cells stimulated by the phospholipid mediator platelet activating factor (paf). we also provide evidence that neurokinin a (nka), which is released, as well as sp, from c fibers of sensory nerves, potentiates paf-evoked ... | 1991 | 1704475 |
| substance p induces migration of capillary endothelial cells: a novel nk-1 selective receptor mediated activity. | substance p (sp) has been indicated as a main mediator of neurogenic inflammation, leading to vasodilation, increase in vascular permeability and modulation of immune cell function. certain vascular effects produced by sp are endothelium mediated. we have studied the effect of sp and of selective nk-1, nk-2 and nk-3 receptor agonists on migration of cultured capillary endothelial cells of bovine origin. our results indicate that sp (10(-14)-10(-6) m) induces a concentration-dependent migration o ... | 1991 | 1704476 |
| influence of substance p on carotid sinus nerve baro- and chemoreceptor activity in rabbits. | substance p (sp) is abundant in the carotid sinus nerve (csn) and has been implicated in baro- and chemoreceptor reflexes. we examined the effect of sp on blood pressure, heart rate, phrenic nerve activity, hindlimb perfusion pressure, and cardiac contractile strength in urethane-anesthetized rabbits with bilaterally cut cervical sympathetic, vagus, and aortic depressor nerves. retrograde simultaneous injection of sp (0.5-2.7 micrograms/kg in 0.2-0.3 ml saline) into both carotid sinus areas via ... | 1990 | 1704614 |
| intrinsic pancreatic nerves after mechanical denervation of the extrinsic pancreatic nerves in dogs. | little is known about the influence of cutting the extrinsic pancreatic nerves on the morphology and function of the intrapancreatic nerves in dogs. for this reason, intrapancreatic nerves of mongrel dogs were studied, using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, after truncal vagotomy, after celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy, and after a combination of both operations, i.e., removing all extrinsic nerves of the pancreas. dogs with intact extrinsic and intrinsic pancreatic ner ... | 1991 | 1704629 |
| [influence of the active compounds isolated from pilose antler on syntheses of protein and rna in mouse liver]. | the polyamines of pilose antler (paspa) consist of putrescine (pu, 70.9%), spermidine (spd, 26.3%) and spermine (sp, 2.8%). the incorporations of [3h] leucine into protein and [3h] uridine into rna in mouse liver tissue were increased when paspa was given orally to mice at the dose of 30 mg/kg for 4 successive days. the incorporations of [3h] leucine into liver protein and [3h] uridine into the cytosolic and nuclear rna were also increased by treatment with pu (21 mg/kg). in addition, the rna po ... | 1990 | 1704679 |
| determination of inorganic components in brazilian medicinal plants by neutron activation analysis. | instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa) has been applied to multielemental determinations of medicinal extracts obtained from the plants. cordia verbenacea dc, folidago microglossa dc, and petiveria alliacea. concentrations of the elements al, br, ca, cl, co, cs, fe, k, la, mg, mn, na, rb, sb, and zn have been determined in dried extracts of these herbs by short and long irradiations under a thermal neutron flux of 10(11)-10(13) n/cm2s in the iea-r1 nuclear reactor. the nbs tea leaves (1 ... | 1990 | 1704783 |
| phylogeny of helicobacter felis sp. nov., helicobacter mustelae, and related bacteria. | strain cs1t (t = type strain) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, urease-positive, spiral-shaped bacterium that was isolated from the gastric mucosa of a cat. additional strains which possessed biochemical and ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of strain cs1t were isolated from the gastric mucosa of cats and dogs. the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the dna of strain cs1t was 42.5 mol%. the 16s rrna sequences of strain cs1t, strain ds3 (a spiral-shaped isolate from a dog), and he ... | 1991 | 1704791 |
| revision of campylobacter, helicobacter, and wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of arcobacter gen. nov. | hybridization experiments were carried out between dnas from more than 70 strains of campylobacter spp. and related taxa and either 3h-labeled 23s rrnas from reference strains belonging to campylobacter fetus, campylobacter concisus, campylobacter sputorum, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter nitrofigilis, an unnamed campylobacter sp. strain, and a wolinella succinogenes strain or 3h- or 14c-labeled 23s rrnas from 13 gram-negative reference strains. an immunotyping analysis of 130 antigens ver ... | 1991 | 1704793 |
| the production of antibodies to pentosanpolysulfate (elmiron, sp-54). | pentosanpolysulfate (pps) represents the product obtained after sulfation of xylan and is composed of beta 1----4-d-xylopyranose residues sulfated at c2 and c3. studies have shown that this compound can often be effective in relieving the symptoms of interstitial cystitis (ic). in order to elucidate the mode of action of pps in ic, a sensitive and reliable assay was needed. to this end we prepared an immunogenic form of pps by coupling it to methylated bovine serum albumin (mbsa). this complex w ... | 1991 | 1704902 |
| development of hypertension in wky rats after transplantation of parathyroid glands from shr/sp. | we have investigated the role of the parathyroid gland (ptg) in the long-term development of blood pressure (bp) in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr/sp) and wistar kyoto (wky) rats. after ablation of their own ptgs, shr/sp animals received ptgs from wky rats and vice versa. transplantation resulted in a normal calcium and parathyroid hormone status without signs of hypoparathyroidism. all animals received a high salt diet (8% nacl) for 4 weeks after transplantation of ptgs. in s ... | 1990 | 1704992 |
| sexually dimorphic distribution of substance p in specific anterior pituitary cell populations. | substance p (sp) immunoreactivity is detectable in the rat pituitary by ria; however, immunolocalization has been difficult. we used a sensitive immunogold silver-enhancement staining technique to cytochemically locate sp in the gland. sp-immunoreactive (sp-ir) cells were seen in anterior pituitary (ap), and occasional sp-ir fibers and terminals were seen in both ap and posterior pituitary. colocalization studies showed the vast majority of sp-ir cells in the male ap to be also immunoreactive fo ... | 1991 | 1705031 |
| peptide coexistence in axon terminals within the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. | the somata of primary sensory neurons have been shown to contain up to four (and possibly more) neuroactive peptides. although each of these peptides has been separately located in axon terminals within the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord, it is not clear whether multiple peptide coexistence is also a feature of terminal varicosities. the aim of this study was to determine whether the peptides substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), which are colocalized in the so ... | 1990 | 1705055 |
| the role of serotonin in non-cholinergic excitatory transmission in the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion. | the non-cholinergic late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (ls-epsp) of the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion (img) was previously believed to be mediated by substance p (sp) or several other neuropeptides. yet, the pharmacological evidence presented here indicates that serotonin (5-ht) may be another transmitter for the ls-epsp in the guinea pig img. repetitive stimulation of the presynaptic nerves elicited ls-epsp in about half of the img neurons. application of 5-ht or sp caused, i ... | 1990 | 1705152 |
| autoradiographic distribution of brain neurokinin-1/substance p receptors using a highly selective ligand [3h]-[sar9,met(o2)11]-substance p. | the autoradiographic distribution of neurokinin (nk)-1 receptors was visualized in the rat brain using the highly selective ligand, [3h]-[sar9,met(o2)11]-substance p. this ligand apparently binds to a single class of high affinity (kd = 1.4 +/- 0.5 nm), low capacity (bmax = 160 +/- 3.0 fmol/mg protein) sites in rat brain membrane preparations. the ligand selectivity profile reveals that substance p (sp) and unlabeled [sar9,met(o2)11]-sp are potent competitors of [3h]-[sar9,met(o2)11]-sp binding ... | 1990 | 1705154 |
| a substance p projection from the vmh to the dorsal midbrain central gray: implication for lordosis. | substance p has been implicated in the modulation of lordosis behavior at the level of the dorsal midbrain central gray (dmcg). bilateral injections of substance p into the dmcg facilitate estrogen-induced lordosis behavior in ovariectomized female rats. input from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (vmh) to the dmcg is a vital link in the central nervous system control that mediates the expression of lordosis behavior. substance p-containing cells have been localized in the vmh and su ... | 1990 | 1705159 |
| local venomotor response to intravenous infusion of substance p and glyceryl trinitrate in systemic sclerosis. | endothelial injury has been shown in ultrastructural studies in systemic sclerosis (ssc). in the present study, we tested the functional response of the endothelium in the early phase of the disease and at a more advanced stage. substance p (sp) (25 and 50 ng) and glyceryl trinitrate (gt) (100 and 200 ng) were infused intravenously in 6 control subjects and in 6 female patients affected with early systemic sclerosis (ssc) to verify whether or not a lack of endothelial function could be detected. ... | 1990 | 1705189 |
| identification of a 15-kilodalton surface glycoprotein on sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum. | an immunoglobulin a monoclonal antibody (mab5c3) was developed against a 15-kda surface glycoprotein (gp15) of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. indirect immunofluorescence and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antibody reacted with both the sporozoite and merozoite surface plasma membranes. on western immunoblots, mab5c3 binding was found to be strongly inhibited when 200 mm n-acetylglucosamine was used as a competing sugar. n-acetylgalactosamine inhibited binding of ... | 1991 | 1705238 |
| identification of a new operon involved in listeria monocytogenes virulence: its first gene encodes a protein homologous to bacterial metalloproteases. | the region flanking the transposon in a tn1545-induced lecithinase-negative mutant of listeria monocytogenes egd was cloned and sequenced. the transposon had inserted in orf d, the open reading frame previously identified downstream from hlya, the gene encoding listeriolysin o. the complete sequence of orf d from strain egd has been determined as well as that of two other strains: lo28, a clinical isolate; and lm8, an epidemic strain. orf d is 1,533 bp long and encodes a protein highly homologou ... | 1991 | 1705239 |
| chronic trigeminal ganglionectomy or topical capsaicin application to pial vessels attenuates postocclusive cortical hyperemia but does not influence postischemic hypoperfusion. | marked hyperemia accompanies reperfusion after ischemia in the brain, and may account for the propensity of cerebral hemorrhage to follow embolic stroke or carotid endarterectomy, and for the morbidity that follows head injury or the ligation of large arteriovenous malformations. to evaluate the contribution of trigeminal sensory fibers to the hyperemic response, cbf was determined in 12 symmetrical brain regions, using microspheres with up to five different isotopic labels, in four groups of ca ... | 1991 | 1705254 |
| substance p- and opioid-immunoreactive structures in olfactory centers of the cat: adult pattern and postnatal development. | substance p (sp)-ir and opioid-ir structures were studied in the cat main olfactory bulb (mob), accessory olfactory bulb (aob), and olfactory peduncle. in the mob, the opioid-ir and the majority of the sp-ir neurons belong to the granule cell type. sp-ir granule cells reside in the deeper granule cell layer, whereas opioid-ir granule cells reside in the superficial granule cell layer, internal plexiform, and mitral cell layer. many granule cells are observed in the external plexiform and glomeru ... | 1990 | 1705269 |
| f-met peptide-induced degranulation of human basophils. | we examined the kinetics of morphologic change induced by stimulation of human basophils with f-met peptide using partially purified cells from normal donors. supernatants were collected at 30 and 60 minutes and assayed for histamine with an automated fluorometric technique. samples of basophils were prepared for electron microscopy at 0, 10, 20, 30 seconds and 1, 2, 5 and 10 minutes poststimulation with f-met peptide. we found that f-met peptide, a bacterial peptide, induced a unique sequence o ... | 1991 | 1705302 |
| substance p modulates glutamate-induced currents in acutely isolated rat spinal dorsal horn neurones. | the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effect of substance p (sp) on glutamate-induced currents in freshly dissociated rat spinal dorsal horn neurons (li-iii). in 48% of examined cells sp (10(-10)-10(-6) m) at -70 mv, induced in inward current that desensitized in the continued presence of sp. when applied simultaneously with, or prior to l-glutamate, sp caused a potentiation of l-glutamate-induced current in 65% of the tested cells. since glutamate activates both n-methyl- ... | 1990 | 1705317 |
| [alzheimer's dementia and zinc]. | in alzheimer's dementia (ad) the primum movens is amyloid (am) production on precapillaries: dyshoric angiopathy, and capillaries: senile plaques (sp) producing blood-brain-barrier (bbb) disturbances, entry in the brain of toxic metals which displace the zinc. cerebral am alone may be asymptomatic. clinical symptoms (amnesia, instrumental disorders) appear when am induces neighbouring neuritic alterations: paired hellical filaments (phf) and distant neuronal body lesions: neurofibrillary tangles ... | 1990 | 1705360 |
| 125i-bh[sar9, met(o2)11]-sp, a new selective ligand for the nk-1 receptor in the central nervous system. | the selective agonist [sar9,met(o2)11]-sp was radioiodinated with 125i-bolton hunter in order to study its binding to rat brain membranes and for further comparison with 125i-bh.sp. specific binding of 125i-bh[sar9,met(o2)11]-sp was temperature-dependent, saturable and reversible. in brain homogenates, 125i-bh[sar9,met(o2)11]-sp interacted with a single class of high affinity (kd = 1.0 nm) non-interacting binding sites (bmax of 15 fmol/mg protein). in the central nervous system, 125i-bh-[sar9,me ... | 1990 | 1705465 |
| expression of preprotachykinin-a and neuropeptide-y messenger rna in the thymus. | the preprotachykinin-a gene, the common gene of mrnas encoding both substance-p (sp) and neurokinin-a (nka), was shown to be expressed in sprague-dawley rat thymus by detection of specific mrna in gel-blot analyses. in situ hybridization revealed dispersed ppt-a-labeled cells in sections from rat thymus, with a concentration of grains over a subpopulation of cells in the thymic medulla. also, neuropeptide-y mrna-expressing cells were found in the rat thymus, primarily in the thymic medulla. rat ... | 1990 | 1705657 |
| development of substance p, leu-enkephalin and serotonin profiles in the lateral geniculate nuclear complex of albino rat. | immunohistochemical studies for analysing the development of the profile of two peptides--substance p (sp) and leu-enkephalin (leu-enk), and serotonin (ser)--have been conducted on the lateral geniculate nuclear (lgn) complex of albino rats at gestation day 18 and various postnatal age periods. sp immunoreactivity is found to increase from 1 day postnatal (dpn) up to 20 dpn and decrease thereafter, whereas the ser and leu-enk-immunoreactive fibres and terminals seen as occasional fibres at 1, 5, ... | 1990 | 1705673 |
| chemoreceptor responses to substance p, physalaemin and eledoisin: evidence for neurokinin-1 receptors in the cat carotid body. | substance p (sp) belongs to a group of peptides called tachykinins. biological effects of sp are mediated by tachykinin receptors that have been classified as neurokinin-1 (nk-1), nk-2 and nk-3 subtypes. the aim of the present study is to elucidate the tachykinin receptor subtype(s) that mediate the excitatory effects of sp in the carotid body. for this purpose, we compared the carotid body responses elicited by sp with that of physalaemin and eledoisin. in other tissues, physalaemin exhibits eq ... | 1990 | 1705679 |
| effects of capsaicin on mechanical, cellular, and mediator responses to antigen in sensitized guinea pigs. | to assess the role of tachykinins (tks) in immediate hypersensitivity allergic reactions in guinea pigs (gps), we compared airway mechanics and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cell and inflammatory mediator profiles in three groups of gps after ovalbumin aerosol challenge: (1) saline-sensitized, noncapsaicinized (control) (n = 9); (2) ovalbumin-sensitized, noncapsaicinized (os) (n = 9); (3) ovalbumin-sensitized capsaicinized (osc) (n = 9). lung resistance (rl), dynamic elastance (el), bal cell coun ... | 1991 | 1705761 |
| substance p and neurokinin a in human nasal mucosa. | the tachykinins substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) were studied in human inferior turbinate nasal mucosa by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and autoradiography and for their effect upon mucus release in an in vitro culture system in order to infer their potential functions in the upper respiratory tract. similar amounts of sp (1.03 +/- 0.12 pmol/g wet weight; mean +/- sem; n = 26) and nka (0.76 +/- 0.23; n = 7) were found. nka and sp immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the wal ... | 1991 | 1705809 |
| alterations in mitochondrial ca2+ flux by the antibiotic x-537a (lasalocid-a). | a previous communication (pereira da silva, l., bernardes, c.f. and vercesi, a.e. (1984) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 124, 80-86) presented evidence that lasalocid-a, at concentrations far below those required to act as a ca2+ ionophore, significantly inhibits ca2+ efflux from liver mitochondria. in the present work we have studied the mechanism of this inhibition in liver and heart mitochondria. it was observed that lasalocid-a (25-250 nm), like nigericin, promotes the electroneutral exchange ... | 1991 | 1705820 |
| ontogeny of substance p-immunoreactive structures in the primate cerebral neocortex. | the distribution and the ontogeny of substance p (sp)-immunoreactive structures were investigated in the various cortical areas of macaque monkey cerebrum at embryonic day 120 (e120), embryonic day 140 (e140), newborn (nb), postnatal day 30, postnatal day 60 (p60) and adult stages, using an immunohistochemical method. sp-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were detectable at e120 and the cell number increased until nb stage. at e140, many immunoreactive cells were present in the upper part of ... | 1990 | 1705868 |
| anti-substance p anti-idiotypic antibodies modulate the secretory process in the rat parotid gland in vitro. | anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) obtained in rabbits in response to immunization with polyclonal anti-substance p antibodies (anti-sp) were shown to bind specifically and with high affinity to membranes from rat parotid gland cells. whereas substance p (sp) was unable to displace anti-id from membrane binding sites, anti-id partly inhibited the binding of radiolabelled substance p. like substance p, anti-id were able to trigger protein secretion by parotid cells i.e. to behave as physiologica ... | 1990 | 1705891 |
| characterization of the carbohydrate chain on the substance p receptor in the rat brain cortex: effect of lectins on [3h]substance p binding. | the characteristics of the carbohydrate chain on the rat cerebral cortical substance p (sp) receptor were studied. we examined the effects of pretreatment with three lectins (concanavalin a, wheat germ agglutinin, lens culinaris agglutinin) on the [3h]sp binding activities. each lectin can bind to the specific carbohydrate chain. among these lectins, only concanavalin a inhibited specific [3h]sp binding by reducing the affinity of the binding sites. the inhibitory action of concanavalin a was do ... | 1991 | 1705959 |
| development of striatal compartmentalization following pre- or postnatal dopamine depletion. | nigrostriatal dopamine (da) projections terminate in distinct patches during the late prenatal and early postnatal period in the rat. during the first postnatal week, patches of da fibers overlap with clusters of striatal neurons that share several identified characteristics. the early segregation of striatal cell types into either these patches or the surrounding matrix becomes a permanent organizational feature of the striatum. in order to determine whether the heterogeneous distribution of da ... | 1991 | 1705970 |
| neuropeptides and airway submucosal gland secretion. | our study using feline tracheal isolated submucosal gland preparation has revealed that substance p (sp) produces an increase in submucosal gland secretion through the actions of both mucus ejection by glandular contraction and macromolecule secretion from secretory cells, and that the two actions are both mediated by a peripheral cholinergic action. in contrast, sp has no significant effect on macromolecule secretion from secretory cells in tracheal explants, probably because of epithelial supp ... | 1991 | 1706151 |
| cell walls of normal and lysozyme-damaged blastoconidia of candida albicans: localization of surface factor 4 antigen and vicinal-glycol staining. | the fungicidal effect of lysozyme on candida albicans involves ultrastructural modifications previously described (g. marquis, s. montplaisir, s. garzon, h. strykowski, and p. auger, lab. invest. 46:627-636, 1982). to further define the action of lysozyme on the yeast cell wall, we used the following: (i) the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (pa-tch-sp) method to highlight vicinal-glycol-reactive sites of complex carbohydrates; (ii) a monospecific antiserum and a protein a-gold ... | 1991 | 1706318 |
| central action of tachykinins on activity of expiratory pumping muscles. | the central effects of tachykinins (substance p, neurokinin a, and neurokinin b) on the distribution of the motor activity to rib cage and abdominal expiratory muscles were studied in anesthetized tracheotomized spontaneously breathing dogs and cats. intracisternal application of substance p (11 dogs) in doses of 10(-5) to 10(-4) m caused diaphragm electrical activity to change insignificantly from 19.3 +/- 1.9 to 24.8 +/- 3.2 units (p greater than 0.05), produced a moderate increase of triangul ... | 1990 | 1706331 |
| fine structure of synapses and retinal innervation of substance p and adenosin deaminase containing neurons in the superior colliculus of the rat. | the fine structure of substance p (sp) and adenosine deaminase (ada) immunoreactive structures in synaptic contacts localized to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the rat was investigated by means of immunoelectron microscopy. we also examined the possibility of retinal innervation of sp- and ada- containing neurons by immunohistochemistry after degeneration of retinal terminals caused by enucleation. sp-like immunoreactive presynaptic terminals of the stratum griseum superfic ... | 1991 | 1706366 |
| characterization of tachykinin receptors in urinary bladder from guinea pig. | the contractile responses to substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), tyro-neurokinin b (tyr-nkb), senktide (nk3 receptor selective agonist) and sp methyl ester (spome, nk1 receptor selective agonist) were investigated in detrusor strips from guinea pigs. except for senktide, all drugs induced a concentration-related contraction with the following rank order of potency: spome greater than sp greater than nka greater than or equal to tyr-nkb. after desensitization of nk1 receptors with spome, the ra ... | 1990 | 1706445 |
| a novel substance p binding site in rat brain regions modulates trh receptor binding. | binding sites for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) were labelled with [3h](2-me-his3)trh ([3h]metrh) on membranes from rat brain regions at 0 degrees c for 5 h. amygdaloid membranes bound [3h]metrh with high-affinity (kd = 3.1 +/- 0.5 nm (n = 4)). five trh analogs competed for this binding with the same rank order and with affinities that matched the pharmacological specificity of pituitary trh receptors. substance p (sp) and its c-terminal fragments reduced amygdaloid trh receptor binding in ... | 1990 | 1706485 |
| [use of automated microscopic image analysis for the determination of microscopic hyphomycetes (fusarium sp.)]. | the method of automated microscopic image analysis was tested in intention to support the taxonomy of fusarium. the catalogue of morphometric object features of the software system amba provides size and shape parameters which can be utilize to discriminate populations of macroconidia of different fusarium species and varieties. the applied colouring of macroconidia (methylene blue) has no significant effect on these features. the results of statistical analysis show fitness of chosen technique. | 1990 | 1706549 |
| neuroendocrine cells of the human lung express substance-p-like immunoreactivity. | the occurrence of substance p (sp) in the neuroendocrine population of human lungs was investigated by immunohistochemical methods. all individuals studied (n = 16) had sp-like immunoreactive cells, being more numerous in lungs of fetuses and newborn infants than in adults. these cells, both solitary and forming neuroepithelial bodies, were found at all levels of the respiratory mucosa. solitary neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies were found in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa, w ... | 1990 | 1706551 |
| [anticancer spectrum of pingyangmycin in vitro]. | pingyangmycin (pym), produced by streptomyces pingyangensis n. sp., was found to be identical to bleomycin a5. in the present study, a comparative observation was carried out in 10 human cancer cell lines. as determined by a colony-forming assay, the dose-response curves obtained from cells exposed to pym for 1 h were of one type only: biphasic exponential. the sensitivities of these cells derived from different types of tumors, however, varied with a broad range of id50 values (0.03-0.82 microg ... | 1990 | 1706647 |
| the antisecretory effects of somatostatin and analogues in rat descending colon mucosa. | somatostatin-14 (ss-14) and somatostatin-28 (ss-28) produce concentration dependent reductions in short-circuit current in rat colonic mucosa. ec50 values of 15.0 and 13.3 nm were obtained for ss-14 and ss-28 respectively while the n-terminal fragments of ss-28, namely somatostatin-(1-12) (ss1-12) and somatostatin-(1-14) (ss1-14) were inactive. cyclo(pro-phe-d-trp-lys-thr-phe) and cyclo(pro-tyr-d-trp-lys-thr-phe) were potent antisecretory peptides, like ss-14 and ss-28; while the putative somato ... | 1990 | 1706667 |
| catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides in rat heart epicardial ganglia; an immunohistochemical study. | the subepicardial atrial ganglia of rat hearts were examined using immunohistochemical techniques and antibodies against the catecholamine-synthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (dbh), and the neuropeptides substance p (sp), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neuropeptide y (npy), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and met-5-enkephalin (enk). some of the ganglion cells present in the ganglia exhibited dbh-like immunoreactivity (li) and npy-li, whilst ... | 1990 | 1706694 |
| cotranscription, deduced primary structure, and expression of the chloroplast-encoded rbcl and rbcs genes of the marine diatom cylindrotheca sp. strain n1. | the primary structure of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the marine diatom cylindrotheca sp. strain n1 has been determined. unlike higher plants and green algae, the genes encoding the large and the small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are chloroplast-encoded and closely associated (hwang and tabita, 1989). the rbcl and rbcs genes in strain n1 are cotranscribed and are separated by an intergenic region of 46 nucleotide base pairs. ribosome bindin ... | 1991 | 1706714 |
| reconstruction and analysis of human alu genes. | the existing classification of human alu sequences is revised and expanded using a novel methodology and a larger set of sequence data. our study confirms that there are two major alu subfamilies, alu-j and alu-s. the alu-s subfamily consists of at least five distinct subfamilies referred to as alu-sx, alu-sq, alu-sp, alu-sc, and alu-sb. the alu-sp and alu-sq subfamilies have been revealed by this study. alu subfamilies differ from one another in a number of positions called diagnostic. in this ... | 1991 | 1706781 |
| characterisation of the neurokinin receptors mediating contraction of isolated tracheal preparations from a variety of species. | the effects of neurokinin (nk) agonists on isolated tracheal preparations from rat (rt), pig (pt), rabbit (rbt) and guinea-pig (gpt) have been investigated. none of the nks contracted rt, suggesting that this preparation lacks nk receptors mediating contraction, whereas nks caused concentration- related contractions of pt, rbt and gpt. in pt, nk1-receptors mediate contraction since only substance p (sp) and the nk1-receptor selective agonists, sp methylester (spome) and gr73632 were highly poten ... | 1990 | 1706905 |
| release of substance p from guinea pig trachea leukotriene d4. | coordinated studies of leukotriene d4 (ltd4)-mediated contractile responses and ltd4-evoked release of the tachykinin substance p (sp) in both intact and epithelium abraded guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations were performed. a partial contribution by axon reflex mechanisms to the magnitude of ltd4-induced tracheal contractions was suggested by a maximum inhibition of 21% and 28% by 5 x 10(-6) m tetrodotoxin (ttx) in abraded and intact preparations, respectively. sp-induced contraction ... | 1990 | 1706991 |
| utility of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibodies for differentiating ovarian adenocarcinomas from gastrointestinal metastasis to the ovary. | the distinction between primary ovarian tumors and metastatic cancers to the ovary is frequently ambiguous. recently, we reported that the d-14 monoclonal antibody (mab), which is directed against a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (cea), always reacts with colorectal adenocarcinomas and only rarely with neoplasms of non-gastrointestinal origin [j. cancer res. clin. oncol. 116, 51-56 (1990)]. we report here an analysis of the reactivity of four different anti-cea mabs with formalin-f ... | 1991 | 1707023 |
| pathways of substance p stimulation of canine tracheal ciliary beat frequency. | substance p (sp), an inflammatory neuropeptide, may be released by intraepithelial nerves in response to an irritant or inflammatory stimulus. to investigate the neural and humoral pathways mediating the response of tracheal ciliary beat frequency (cbf) to topically applied sp, cbf was measured on the ventral midtracheal surface of anesthetized beagles by using heterodyne-mode correlation analysis laser light scattering. in the first study, aerosolized sp, delivered to the lungs of eight beagle ... | 1991 | 1707049 |
| immunocytochemical features of the vestibular nuclei in the monkey and cat. | immunocytochemical studies of the vestibular nuclei (vn) were done in the squirrel monkey and cat using polyclonal antisera. brain stem sections were processed using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex with diaminobenzidine as the chromagen. choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (chat-ir) was most prevalent in the caudal medial (mvn), inferior (ivn) and peripheral superior (svn) vn. nearly all cells of groups x and z were chat-positive. none of the giant cells of the lateral vestibular nuc ... | 1990 | 1707074 |
| substance p- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivities are colocalized in certain neurons of the substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord: an ultrastructural double-labeling study. | the finding that certain cells of the substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord contain both substance p (sp)- and enkephalin (enk)-like immunoreactive material offers new insights into the mechanisms of action of these peptides in the processing of nociceptive sensory information. the simultaneous detection of these immunoreactivities was obtained in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord at the ultrastructural level using monoclonal antibodies. an internally radiolabeled monoclo ... | 1991 | 1707094 |
| secreted or nonsecreted forms of acidic fibroblast growth factor produced by transfected epithelial cells influence cell morphology, motility, and invasive potential. | addition of exogenous acidic fibroblast growth factor (afgf) to nbt-ii epithelial carcinoma cells results in fibroblastic transformation and cell motility. we have generated afgf-producing nbt-ii cells by transfection with recombinant expression vectors containing human afgf cdna, or the human afgf cdna coupled to a signal peptide (sp) sequence. the effects of the nonsecreted and the secreted 16-kda growth factor on the morphology, motility, and cell invasive potential (gelatinase activity) were ... | 1991 | 1707175 |
| distribution and origins of substance p-immunoreactive projections to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: partial overlap with ascending catecholaminergic projections. | anatomical and pharmacological evidence suggests a role for substance p (sp) in the control of vasopressin secretion, but the origins of sp-immunoreactive (ir) projections to the paraventricular (pvh) and supraoptic (so) nuclei of the hypothalamus have not yet been identified. combined axonal transport, immunohistochemical, and ablation approaches were used to characterize the organization of sp-ir projections to the pvh. the results may be summarized as follows: (1) sp-ir projections are broadl ... | 1991 | 1707281 |
| substance p injections into the ventral tegmentum affect unit activity in mesolimbic terminal regions. | microinjections of substance p (sp) into the ventral tegmental area (vta) increase locomotor activity in rats, and this effect is thought to be produced by activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. in the present study, firing rates of neurons in areas receiving projections from the mesolimbic dopamine system were recorded during injections of sp (3 microgram in 0.5 microliters saline) into the vta of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. significant changes in firing rates were observed i ... | 1991 | 1707328 |
| the utility of postmortem lung for rna studies; variability and correlation of the expression of surfactant proteins in human lung. | postmortem human lung tissue was evaluated for its utility in studies of the mrnas for the surfactant proteins. data obtained from different analytical procedures indicated that surfactant protein mrnas are quite stable in these tissues with a half-life of 10 to 12 h. these analyses revealed no major regional differences in the mrna levels for the surfactant protein a (sp-a) and surfactant protein b (sp-b) although small differences were present in the levels for the surfactant protein c (sp-c). ... | 1991 | 1707362 |
| further studies on galanin-, substance p-, and cgrp-like immunoreactivities in primary sensory neurons and spinal cord: effects of dorsal rhizotomies and sciatic nerve lesions. | the peptides galanin (gal), substance p (sp), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, dorsal roots, and sciatic nerve of normal rats and rats subjected to several experimental procedures, including ligation, crush, and/or sectioning of nerves. the results show that peripheral nerve transection induces a dramatic increase in gal content both in dorsal roots and sciatic nerve, demonstrating tha ... | 1991 | 1707368 |
| hydrophobia, lectin binding, and molecular order in the stratum corneum of adult and neonatal rats and in human breast cells in culture. | a search for differences due to ans staining (hydrophobia), con a and pna binding capacity, and birefringence was carried out on stratified epithelia of rat skin and human breast cells (hbc) in culture. microfluorimetric measurements confirm that the ans fluorescence of the stratum corneum from adults is higher than that of newborns. hbc exhibited an unexpected deep ans-fluorescence. differences in the binding capacity of the epithelial layers to con a and pna were detected with advancing age. r ... | 1990 | 1707387 |
| plasticity of spinal systems after unilateral lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy in the adult rat. | plasticity of spinal systems in response to lumbosacral deafferentation has previously been described for the cat, by using immunocytochemistry to demonstrate plasticity of tachykinin systems and degeneration methods to demonstrate plasticity of descending systems. in this study, we describe the response to lumbosacral deafferentation in the adult rat. application of immunocytochemical methods to visualize tachykinins (predominantly substance p magnitude of sp), serotonin (5-ht), and dopamine b- ... | 1991 | 1707425 |
| dopamine-dependent postnatal development of enkephalin and tachykinin neurons of rat basal ganglia. | the influence of deprivation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (da) on the development of [met5]-enkephalin (me) and substance p (sp) neuropeptide systems of the striatum was investigated in sprague-dawley rats. the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) was used to induce da deficiency on postnatal day 3 in rats, and the animals were killed at different postnatal time points until 35 days of age. the levels of me and sp were determined by radioimmunoassay, and the abundance of preproenkephalin (p ... | 1991 | 1707436 |
| peptide containing nerves in human synovium: immunohistochemical evidence for decreased innervation in rheumatoid arthritis. | the innervation of normal and rheumatoid human synovium was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. antibodies against the general neuronal marker protein gene product (pgp) 9.5 and specific neuropeptides were used. we observed sensory nerves containing substance p (sp) and calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp) as well as autonomic sympathetic fibers immunoreactive for neuropeptide tyrosine (npy), its c terminal peptide (c-pon) and the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (t ... | 1990 | 1707460 |
| effects of neuropeptide-y and substance-p on the secretory activity of dispersed zona-glomerulosa cells of rat adrenal gland. | neuropeptide-y (npy) and substance-p (sp), two peptides contained in the chromaffin granules of adrenal medullary cells, were found to partially inhibit both basal acth-stimulated release of aldosterone and 18-hydroxy-corticosterone by isolated rat zone-glomerulosa cells, without affecting the overall post-pregnenolone yield or basal progesterone output. conversely, the exposure to both peptides increased 11-deoxy-corticosterone and corticosterone secretion. these data indicate that npy and sp a ... | 1990 | 1707502 |
| substance p and substance k in the median eminence and paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. | we have used specific radioimmunoassays coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to measure and characterise substance p (sp) and substance k (sk) in subdivisions of the rat hypothalamus. sp and sk levels in the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) were 968 +/- 61 and 381 +/- 22 pg respectively; in the supraoptic nucleus (son) were 210 +/- 21 and 79 +/- 8 pg; and in the median eminence/arcuate nucleus (me) were 1044 +/- 66 and 451 +/- 20 pg. reversed-phase hplc revealed ... | 1990 | 1707503 |
| effects of experimental spinal cord transection on substance p receptors: a quantitative autoradiography study. | the autoradiographic localisation of substance p (sp) receptors was investigated in the rat spinal cord following cordotomy at the thoracic 8-9 level. the binding of [125i]-bh-sp was measured in discrete gray matter structures above (c6-c7 level) and below (l2-l3 level) the injury site, and expressed in fmol/mg protein. there was a statistically significant increase in sp receptor density 1 week after cordotomy in the dorsal horn and in the central canal of lumbar region, in laminae 3-4-5 and al ... | 1990 | 1707504 |
| cytokine regulation of substance p expression in sympathetic neurons. | the nervous and immune systems interact in a bidirectional fashion. for example, the neuropeptide substance p (sp) has been implicated in a variety of immune responses. conversely, cytokines, a class of immunoregulatory glycoproteins, affect the synthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. this paper examines the role of cytokines in regulating neuropeptide expression in sympathetic neurons. exposure of cultured explants of the rat superior cervical ganglion to the cytokine interleuk ... | 1991 | 1707535 |
| the cytoarchitectonic distribution of senile plaques in three aged monkeys. | the density of senile plaques (sp) was determined in 55 cytoarchitectonic areas of the cerebral cortex in three aged (27+ years) macaque monkeys. in silver-stained sections the sp distributions pattern was variable, with a predilection for frontal areas and the primary somatosensory cortex. in one monkey, sp density in motor and premotor areas reached a level comparable to that found in alzheimer's disease (ad). lower sp densities were found in the amygdala and insula, and in cingulate, limbic t ... | 1990 | 1707575 |
| a comparison of substance p peptide and preprotachykinin mrna levels during development of rat medullary raphe and neostriatum. | substance p (sp) and the mrna coding for its precursor peptide, preprotachykinin (ppt), were measured in medullary raphe nuclei (mrn) and neostriatum (ns) over development in order to determine (1) whether ppt mrna levels correlate with peptide development, and (2) whether changes in ppt mrna might help to account for the apparent decline in sp seen immunohistochemically in certain brain areas postnatally. total rna was quantified in dissected tissue pieces using the sensitive orcinol reaction. ... | 1991 | 1707579 |