| the role of visual cues in mother-pup reunions in a colonially breeding mammal. | parental care is an important factor influencing offspring survival and adult reproductive success in many vertebrates. parent-offspring recognition ensures care is only directed to filial young, avoiding the costs of misallocated resource transfer. it is essential in colonial mammal species, such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions), in which repeated mother-offspring separations increase the risk of misdirecting maternal effort. identification of otariid pups by mothers is known to be multi-m ... | 2017 | 29093175 |
| anterior vena caval oxygen profiles in a deep-diving california sea lion: arteriovenous shunts, a central venous oxygen store and oxygenation during lung collapse. | deep-diving california sea lions (zalophus californianus) can maintain arterial hemoglobin saturation (so2 ) above 90% despite lung collapse (lack of gas exchange) and extremely low posterior vena caval so2 in the middle of the dive. we investigated anterior vena caval po2 and so2 during dives of an adult female sea lion to investigate two hypotheses: (1) posterior vena caval so2 is not representative of the entire venous oxygen store and (2) a well-oxygenated (arterialized) central venous ox ... | 2018 | 29084854 |
| the tympanic region of otaria byronia (otariidae, carnivora) - morphology, ontogeny, age classes and dimorphism. | here we describe and explore for the first time the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the auditory region of otaria byronia. we studied the tympanic region of skulls of 237 specimens of different ages and sexes. geometric morphometric methods were used to analyze the tympanic bulla. in addition, 3d reconstructions of the tympanic bulla were performed using computed tomography analysis scans and a serial wearing technique. we provide a description of the external and internal morphology of the ty ... | 2018 | 29082536 |
| marine mammal population decline linked to obscured by-catch. | declines of marine megafauna due to fisheries by-catch are thought to be mitigated by exclusion devices that release nontarget species. however, exclusion devices may instead conceal negative effects associated with by-catch caused by fisheries (i.e., unobserved or discarded by-catch with low postrelease survival or reproduction). we show that the decline of the endangered new zealand (nz) sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) is linked to latent levels of by-catch occurring in sub-antarctic trawl fishe ... | 2017 | 29078271 |
| questionnaire survey of the pan-african trade in lion body parts. | the african lion is in decline across its range, and consumptive utilisation and trade of their body parts and skins has been postulated as a cause for concern. we undertook a pan-african questionnaire and literature survey to document informed opinion and evidence for the occurrence of domestic and international trade and consumption in african lion body parts across current and former range states. sixty-five people from 18 countries participated in the online questionnaire survey (run from ju ... | 2017 | 29073202 |
| a roaring trade? the legal trade in panthera leo bones from africa to east-southeast asia. | the african lion is the only big cat listed on cites appendix ii, and the only one for which international commercial trade is legal under cites. the trade in lion body parts, and especially the contentious trade in bones from south africa to asia, has raised concerns spanning continents and cultures. debates were amplified at the 2016 cites conference of the parties (cop17) when a proposal to up-list lions to appendix i was not supported and a compromise to keep them on appendix ii, with a bone ... | 2017 | 29065143 |
| intraspecific variation in feeding strategies of galapagos sea lions: a case of trophic specialization. | the trophic behavior of marine predators varies according to the level of competition to which they are exposed. in general, populations that inhabit lower productivity systems face a strong intraspecific competition, which contributes to the development of different foraging strategies to maximize nutritional efficiency. given the high trophic flexibility of zalophus wollebaeki, this species is considered appropriate for the analysis of such behavior. furthermore, this trophic flexibility has a ... | 2017 | 29059188 |
| acid digestion on river influenced shelf sediment organic matter: carbon and nitrogen contents and isotopic ratios. | natural stable isotope ratios (δ13 corg and δ15 n values) and associated elemental concentrations (i.e. total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents) preserved in marine sediments are frequently used for the determination of paleo-environmental processes such as the origin of organic matter. previous studies highlighted biases in the determination of such geochemical proxies due to pre-analysis acid treatment methods. this study is the first systematic comparison of the effect of acid treatm ... | 2018 | 29049842 |
| correction: age estimation of african lions panthera leo by ratio of tooth areas. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153648.]. | 2017 | 29049374 |
| from mammals back to birds: host-switch of the acanthocephalan corynosoma australe from pinnipeds to the magellanic penguin spheniscus magellanicus. | trophically-transmitted parasites are regularly exposed to potential new hosts through food web interactions. successful colonization, or switching, to novel hosts, occur readily when 'donor' and 'target' hosts are phylogenetically related, whereas switching between distantly related hosts is rare and may result from stochastic factors (i.e. rare favourable mutations). this study investigates a host-switching event between a marine acanthocephalan specific to pinnipeds that is apparently able to ... | 2017 | 28981550 |
| the life-skills program lions quest in austrian schools: implementation and outcomes. | this article investigates the importance of implementation level for the effectiveness of the school-based life skills program lions quest in a sample of austrian students (n = 363 from three schools; aged 9-15 at t1). a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design with intervention and control group over 2 years was used. the effects of low, average, and high implementation levels on the outcome variables classroom climate, bullying and psychosocial health were analyzed. multilevel analyses of ... | 2018 | 28973151 |
| ultrasonographic aspects of the leontopithecus gestation (lesson, 1840-callitrichidae, primates). | there is a concern about conservation of endangered species today. among this species, the leontopithecus (lesson, 1840) is outstanding. its population has been whirling reduced. so far the reproductive physiology of leontopithecus has few studies, it is fundamental requisite to preserve this species. obstetric sonography has become an essential method in reproductive management of primates. | 2018 | 28972670 |
| did saber-tooth kittens grow up musclebound? a study of postnatal limb bone allometry in felids from the pleistocene of rancho la brea. | previous studies have demonstrated that the pleistocene saber-toothed cat smilodon fatalis had many forelimb adaptations for increased strength, presumably to grapple with and subdue prey. the rancho la brea tar pits yield large samples of juvenile limb bones forming a growth series that allow us to examine how smilodon kittens grew up. almost all available juvenile limb bones were measured, and reduced major axis fits were calculated to determine the allometric growth trends. contrary to expect ... | 2017 | 28953899 |
| characterisation of north american brucella isolates from marine mammals. | extension of known ecological niches of brucella has included the description of two novel species from marine mammals. brucella pinnipedialis is associated predominantly with seals, while two major brucella ceti clades, most commonly associated with porpoises or dolphins respectively, have been identified. to date there has been limited characterisation of brucella isolates obtained from marine mammals outside northern european waters, including north american waters. to address this gap, and e ... | 2017 | 28934239 |
| proxies of energy expenditure for marine mammals: an experimental test of "the time trap". | direct measures of energy expenditure are difficult to obtain in marine mammals, and accelerometry may be a useful proxy. recently its utility has been questioned as some analyses derived their measure of activity level by calculating the sum of accelerometry-based values and then comparing this summation to summed (total) energy expenditure (the so-called "time trap"). to test this hypothesis, we measured oxygen consumption of captive fur seals and sea lions wearing accelerometers during submer ... | 2017 | 28924150 |
| extralobar pulmonary sequestration in two pinniped species. | two cases of extralobar pulmonary sequestrations from a walrus (odobenus rosmarus) and a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) are described in the present study. grossly, an independent, soft unilocular cystic mass was found within the abdominal cavities of both animals, adherent to the diaphragm in o. rosmarus and attached to the cardia of the stomach in e. jubatus. histopathologically, the cysts were lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells, while the ... | 2017 | 28924092 |
| calcinosis circumscripta in a cohort of related juvenile african lions (panthera leo). | three juvenile, genetically related african lions (panthera leo) were evaluated for discrete dome-shaped subcutaneous masses present over the proximal lateral metatarsal-tarsal area. the lesions measured 3-8 cm in diameter, were fluctuant to firm, nonulcerated, and attached to underlying structures. on radiographic evaluation, the lesions were characterized by well-circumscribed punctate mineralizations in the soft tissue surrounded by soft tissue swelling without evidence of adjacent bony invol ... | 2017 | 28920787 |
| a survey of emergency medicine and orthopaedic physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the use of peripheral nerve blocks. | peripheral nerve blocks (also known as regional anaesthesia) are currently used by many anaesthesiologists and emergency physicians for perioperative and procedural pain management. | 2017 | 30456113 |
| a randomized 3-month clinical comparison of a power toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis. | to compare the anti-gingivitis effect of a power toothbrush relative to a manual toothbrush control. | 2016 | 29178746 |
| improvement in survivorship: the key for population recovery? | maría florencia grandi, silvana l. dans, and enrique a. crespo (2016) in northern patagonia, commercial harvesting of south american sea lions, otaria flavescens, from 1920 to 1960, decimated its population abundance. population recovery was not immediate after hunting ceased in 1962. the population was stable until 1989, and since then has grown at an annual rate of increase of 5.7%. along with this growth there was an increase of the juvenile fraction and changes in the social composition of c ... | 2016 | 31966154 |
| metal-organic frameworks via emissive metal-carboxylate zwitterion intermediates. | this month's cover is dedicated to the golden anniversary of singapore by the collaborating groups of wen-hua zhang of the imre, singapore, and t. s. andy hor of the nus, singapore, and two more groups from monash university, malaysia, and soochow university, p. r. china. in the cover picture the number "50" commemorates the 50th anniversary of singapore, the lion city. the photo on the top-right corner shows the modern skyline of singapore. underneath are the structures described in this articl ... | 2015 | 31973288 |
| antibiotic efficacy in eliminating leptospiruria in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) stranding with leptospirosis. | stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus) along the california coast have been diagnosed with leptospirosis every year since at least the 1980s. between september 2010 and november 2011, we followed 14 stranded california sea lions that survived to release and evaluated antibiotic efficacy in eliminating leptospiruria (urinary shedding of leptospires). leptospiruria was assessed by real-time pcr of urine and urine culture, with persistence assessed using longitudinally collected sam ... | 2015 | 30792564 |
| pathologies in the extinct pleistocene eurasian steppe lion panthera leo spelaea ()-results of fights with hyenas, bears and lions and other ecological stresses. | late pleistocene eurasian steppe lions panthera leo spelaea (goldfuss, 1810) frequently (3 of 13) have skull damage attributable to bites. such evidence is found only in lions from hyena or cave bear dens. wounds on frontal and parietal bones appear to be the result of battles during cave bear hunts, by antagonistic conflicts with hyenas, and less often from fights with conspecifics. skull bite damage is extremely rare in modern lions, suggesting that this eurasian lion pathology is the result o ... | 2012 | 29539365 |
| serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona. | an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ... | 2012 | 32327861 |
| first report of ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of yacon in china. | yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) is an important cash crop in yunnan province, china. in 2003, yacon was introduced to yunnan province as a novelty root crop and as an experimental source of natural sugars; now more than 15 provinces cultivate the crop. yunnan is one of the major yacon producing areas of china, with up to 10,000 ha yielding up to 50,000 t of yacon, which is nearly half of the production in china. in april and may 2010, bacterial wilt of yacon was observed in the fields of lion m ... | 2012 | 30727366 |
| infectious diseases subdue serengeti lions. | | 2009 | 32287344 |
| three new races of the spinach downy mildew pathogen identified by a modified set of spinach differentials. | spinach downy mildew, caused by peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, is the most economically important disease of spinach worldwide. during the past few years, spinach cultivars resistant to the seven previously described races of p. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were observed to be severely affected by downy mildew in both the united states and the european union. four new isolates of p. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were collected from california and the netherlands and characterized based on disea ... | 2007 | 30780741 |
| two isoindoline alkaloids from the crude drug, the ant lion (the larvae of myrmeleontidae species). | two compounds having an isoindoline skeleton were isolated from the ant lion (the larvae of myrmeleontidae species). they were characterized as 4-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one and 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one on the basis of spectroscopic data. | 2006 | 29435893 |
| first report of leaf spot of spinach caused by stemphylium botryosum in arizona. | during the winter (december through february) of 2003-2004, and again during 2004-2005, spinach (spinacia oleracea) crops in the yuma region of arizona developed a foliar disease that previously had not been diagnosed in this geographic area. the problem was found on only a few acres and severity was low. the first symptoms consisted of round to oval leaf spots that were gray to olive green and visible from both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. the spots were 3 to 6 mm in diameter but expanded ... | 2005 | 30791317 |
| genetic structure of mountain lion (puma concolor) populations in california. | analysis of 12 microsatellite loci from431 mountain lions (puma concolor)revealed distinct genetic subdivision that wasassociated with geographic barriers andisolation by distance in california. levels ofgenetic variation differed among geographicregions, and mountain lions that inhabitedcoastal areas exhibited less heterozygositythan those sampled inland. the san franciscobay and sacramento-san joaquin river delta, thecentral valley, and the los angeles basinappeared to be substantial barriers ... | 2003 | 32214916 |
| first report of bacterial leaf spot of spinach caused by a pseudomonas syringae pathovar in california. | in 2000 and 2001, a new disease was observed on commercial spinach (spinacia oleracea) in the salinas valley, monterey county, ca. initial symptoms were water-soaked, irregularly shaped leaf spots (2 to 3 mm diameter). as the disease developed, spots enlarged to as much as 1 to 2 cm, were vein-delimited, and turned dark brown. faint chlorotic halos sometimes surrounded the spots. death of large areas of the leaf occurred if spots coalesced. spots were visible from the adaxial and abaxial sides o ... | 2002 | 30818655 |
| the demography of the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) in rain forest fragments in the anamalai hills, south india. | we examined demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation in the lion-tailed macaque in the anamalai hills in southern western ghats. the parameters examined were group size, age/sex composition, and birth rate, in relation to various habitat parameters. demographic parameters were estimated for 11 groups in 8 rain forest fragments, during january to may 1996. area, tree density, canopy cover, canopy height, and tree basal area were estimated for these fragments. as fragment area decreased, ... | 2000 | 30545164 |
| reproduction in captive lion tamarins (leontopithecus): seasonality, infant survival, and sex ratios. | diversity in reproductive and social systems characterizes the primate family callitrichidae. this paper contributes to our appreciation of this diversity by presenting the first detailed comparative analysis of captive breeding in three species of lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas, l. chrysopygus, and l. rosalia) housed at the centro de primatologia do rio de janeiro. the annual pattern of reproduction in all three species of leontopithecus was markedly seasonal, with births occurring d ... | 1996 | 31918488 |
| immigration in wild groups of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | seventeen territorial groups of wild golden lion tamarins were monitored for periods of 10-76 months. immigration into established groups was rare (0.48 immigrating individuals per group per year) and occurred mostly in the context of replacement of breeding individuals. nonreplacement immigration events usually occurred in conjunction with some other change in group composition (e.g., an emigration or another immigration). aggression by resident tamarins toward potential immigrants appeared to ... | 1996 | 31914716 |
| habitat and the evolution of social and reproductive behavior in callitrichidae. | the numerous remarkable traits characterizing the ecology and behavior of callitrichids have inspired considerable research and discussion of the flexible mating system (cases of monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry), cooperative breeding, reproductive inhibition by dominant females, rapid reproductive rate, significance of dietary differences (gum feeding, frugivory, and insectivory), and demographics and social characteristics of the four genera, cebuella, callithrix, saguinus, and leontopithecus ... | 1996 | 31914713 |
| correlates of molt in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | in this paper we describe the timing and correlates of molt for a native population of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). we conducted 820 examinations of 267 adult tamarins over a 7.75 year period to determine the annual molting cycle in this population. dorsal molt was an annual event for most individuals in the study population; however, 10% of sampled individuals apparently molted twice in a 12 month period. duration of molt was estimated at 5-6 weeks. the proportion of samples i ... | 1995 | 31924096 |
| acoustic structure of long calls in free-ranging groups of golden lion tarnarins, leontopithecus rosalia. | like many other callitrichids, golden lion tamarins, leontopithecus rosalia, emit long calls. recordings of four free-ranging groups were made to explore different types of long calls. three long call types were identified acoustically, and analyzed sonographically. the calls usually started with an introductory syllable (a chirp, a trill, or a whine) which was followed by either one, two, or three different phrases in a fixed sequential order. each of the three phrases was unique and contained ... | 1994 | 32070073 |
| seasonal variation in reproduction, juvenile growth, and adult body mass in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | data on the ecology, demography, and morphology of 465 golden lion tamarins in 22 wild groups suggest that avoidance of reproduction and weaning of infants during the dry season shaped the pattern of female reproduction. post-partum estrus may have evolved to allow females to produce and wean two successive litters during the 7-month season of abundant food resources. support for these hypotheses includes observations that nearly all births, lactation, and weaning of infants occurred during the ... | 1994 | 31936971 |
| lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees. | no report has confirmed predation on wild chimpanzees by lions. recently, at least two lions visited the mahale mountains national park, tanzania. chimpanzee remains, including hairs, bones, and a tooth, were found in four samples of lion feces between june and september 1989. the discovery of each fecal sample, widely separated in time, combined with analyses of daily attendance records and fecal contents, suggests that at least four chimpanzees, including two adult females, an old adolescent m ... | 1993 | 31941199 |
| food sharing in lion tamarins: tests of three hypotheses. | infant marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae) frequently receive food from older group members. three possible functions of food sharing in lion tamarins were examined experimentally. the first hypothesis, that food sharing ensures that infants receive sufficient food even if it is difficult for them to acquire it themselves, was tested by varying the ease with which infants could reach a food source. when access to food was restricted, infants fed themselves less, received more food from other ... | 1993 | 31936996 |
| extended postpregnancy estrous cycles in fernale lion-tailed macaques. | past studies of female primate reproduction have focused on regularly cycling females, and thus the reproductive characteristics of females in other reproductive states (e.g., pregnant, or lactating) have rarely been investigated. in this study, data were collected on estrous swellings and sexual and proceptive behavior in six female lion-tailed macaques during recovery from lactational amenorrhea for the first three to five postpregnancy cycles. for these females, the length of the first lactat ... | 1993 | 31936989 |
| urinary and plasma gonadotropin concentrations in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus r. rosalia). | this paper describes the development and validation of a plasma and urinary gonadotropin immunoassay for golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia), an endangered new world callitrichid primate. the assay is derived from a macaque chorionic gonadotropin assay and was validated for both plasma and urine samples in l. rosalia. levels of immunoreactive lh/cg in lion tamarin urine were highly correlated (r = + 0.98) with gonadotropin bioactivity. immunoreactive lh/cg levels were examined in two c ... | 1992 | 31948167 |
| sex differences in vocal structure in a callitrichid primate, leontopithecus rosalia. | four types of calls (long calls, chirps, chucks, and trills) from golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) were analyzed for sex differences in structure. six or more acoustic variables were analyzed for each call type. one or more variables from each call category differed significantly between the sexes. in addition, discriminant function analyses were conducted on male vs. female data for each call type. long calls, chirps, and chucks from males and females were quite discriminable, but ... | 1990 | 31963969 |
| the reproductive status of nonbreeding group members in captive golden lion tamarin social groups. | reproductive activity is limited to only one female in many species of callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins): daughters and subordinate females do not produce offspring. a suppression of ovulatory cyclicity is responsible for the lack of reproductive activity in three species of callitrichids studied to date. this study evaluated the endocrine status of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) housed as daughters or sons in family groups and of individuals housed in isosexual peer ... | 1989 | 31964044 |
| manipulation of objects in a captive group of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | the purpose of this study was to investigate the manipulative propensities of a captive group of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). simple natural objects (browse and bamboo poles) were provided regularly in the home cage. findings indicate richness in the frequency and form of manipulative activities, with juvenile males manipulating the test objects more frequently and exhibiting more goal-directed manipulative activity than adult females. a variety of goal-directed manipulative activities ... | 1987 | 31973501 |
| synchronization of ovarian cycles within and between social groups in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | synchronization of ovarian events has been reported in a number of primate species, with the temporal resolution of synchrony ranging from the occurrence of seasonal breeding within the annual cycle to a close matching of ovarian events within a single ovarian cycle. however, ovarian synchrony has not been reported in a new world primate. the temporal association of ovarian events was examined in female golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) living in the same or different social groups. ... | 1987 | 31973490 |
| long-call structure and its relation to taxonomy in lion tamarins. | recent evidence on craniodental morphology suggests the acceptance of three species of lion tamarins (leontopithecus). confirmatory evidence is presented here using the morphology of long-call vocalizations recorded from several individuals of each type of lion tamarin. recordings were made of leontopicthecus rosalia, leontopithecus chrysopygus, and leontopithecus chrysomelas at the centro de primatologia do rio de janeiro (feema) and of l. rosalia at monkey jungle in florida. thirty separate pa ... | 1986 | 31979452 |
| mechanics of the limbs of the walrus (odobenus rosmarus) and the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | moment arms and cross-sectional areas of muscles from the forelimbs and hind limbs of odobenus and zalophus were used to estimate relative torques associated with several locomotor movements. odobenus uses predominantly the hind limbs for aquatic propulsion, while zalophus only uses the forelimbs. torques contributing to locomotor movements used during the power and recovery strokes were substantially greater for the hind limbs of odobenus and for the forelimbs of zalophus. apparently, the linea ... | 1983 | 30060637 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a lion. | | 1979 | 29235635 |
| cataract extraction on a lion. | | 1948 | 18099897 |
| the anesthetic on lion and tiger. | | 1945 | 21014195 |
| the dead lion. | | 2020 | 29918216 |
| in vitro characterization of fitness and convalescent antibody neutralization of sars-cov-2 cluster 5 variant emerging in mink at danish farms. | in addition to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can transmit to animals that include hamsters, cats, dogs, mink, ferrets, tigers, lions, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and treeshrew. among these, mink are particularly susceptible. indeed, 10 countries in europe and north america reported sars-cov-2 infection among mink on fur farms. in denmark, sars-cov-2 spread rapidly among mink farms and spilled-over back into humans, acquiring mutations/deletions wi ... | 2021 | 34248922 |
| sars-cov-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in china from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus rhinolophus. following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, sars-cov-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, ... | 2021 | 33892621 |
| bats, pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of sars-cov-2? | coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), which has become unstoppable, spreading rapidly worldwide and, consequently, reaching a pandemic level. this review aims to provide the information available so far on the likely animal origin of sars-cov-2 and its possible hosts/reservoirs as well as all natural animal infections and experimental evidence using animal models. horseshoe bats from the species rhinolophus affinis seem t ... | 2021 | 33464439 |
| activation of nf-κb and induction of proinflammatory cytokine expressions mediated by orf7a protein of sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) that emerged in human populations recently. severely ill covid-19 patients exhibit the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, and such an unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome with high mortality in covid-19 patients. our study provides evidence that the orf3a, m, orf7a, and n proteins of sars-cov-2 were nf-κb a ... | 2021 | 34188167 |
| sars-cov-2 infection and longitudinal fecal screening in malayan tigers (panthera tigris jacksoni), amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica ), and african lions (panthera leo krugeri) at the bronx zoo, new york, usa. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) emerged as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019-2020. in march 2020, new york city became the epicenter in the united states for the pandemic. on 27 march 2020, a malayan tiger (panthera tigris jacksoni) at the bronx zoo in new york city developed a cough and wheezing with subsequent inappetence. over the next week, an additional malayan tiger and two amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) in the same building and three lions (panther ... | 2021 | 33480553 |
| progress in source tracking of sars-cov-2. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused a total of 55 928 327 confirmed cases and 1 344 003 deaths as of november 19, 2020. but so far the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that causes this pandemic has remained undetermined. the purpose of this study is to review the current research of sars-cov-2 and the existing problems therein, which may provide inspiration for further researches. existing evidence suggested that sars-cov-2 may be derived ... | 2020 | 33380405 |
| an overview of sars-cov-2 and animal infection. | a novel coronavirus has been reported as the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak in wuhan city, china in december 2019. due to the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, it has been announced as a pandemic by the world health organization (who). hospitalized patients in wuhan were associated with the huanan seafood wholesale market where live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, frogs, rabbits, marmots, and hedgehogs are sold in that market which suggests a po ... | 2020 | 33363234 |
| covid-19 suppression of human mobility releases mountain lions from a landscape of fear. | humans have outsized effects on ecosystems, in part by initiating trophic cascades that impact all levels of the food chain.1,2 theory suggests that disease outbreaks can reverse these impacts by modifying human behavior,3,4 but this has not yet been tested. the covid-19 pandemic provided a natural experiment to test whether a virus could subordinate humans to an intermediate link in the trophic chain, releasing a top carnivore from a landscape of fear. shelter-in-place orders in the bay area of ... | 2021 | 34197728 |
| exploring barriers to effective implementation of public health measures for prevention and control of covid-19 pandemic in gamo zone of southern ethiopia: using a modified tanahashi model. | since the occurrence of the covid-19 pandemic, different public health measures have been implemented to prevent and control the further spread of the disease. however, barriers that influence the effective implementation of public health measures were not explore in ethiopia especially in study area. therefore, this study tried to fill this gap by exploring the barriers to effective implementation of public health measures for prevention and control of the covid-19 pandemic in the gamo zone of ... | 2021 | 33776499 |
| a lion sleeping next to me: preliminary considerations on the psychological consequences of surviving covid-19. | | 2021 | 33681862 |
| feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis in nondomestic felid species. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is reported worldwide and known to cause disease in domestic and nondomestic felid species. although fcov often results in mild to inapparent disease, a small subset of cats succumb to the fatal, systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). an outbreak of fip in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in a zoological collection demonstrated the devastating effect of fcov introduction into a naïve group of animals. in addition to cheetahs, fip has been described in european ... | 2021 | 33827157 |
| respiratory tract explant infection dynamics of influenza a virus in california sea lions, northern elephant seals, and rhesus macaques. | to understand susceptibility of wild california sea lions and northern elephant seals to influenza a virus (iav), we developed an ex vivo respiratory explant model and used it to compare infection kinetics for multiple iav subtypes. we first established the approach using explants from colonized rhesus macaques, a model for human iav. trachea, bronchi, and lungs from 11 california sea lions, 2 northern elephant seals, and 10 rhesus macaques were inoculated within 24 h postmortem with 6 strains r ... | 2021 | 34037419 |
| sylvatic canine morbillivirus in captive panthera highlights viral promiscuity and the need for better prevention strategies. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all carnivora and a few non-human primates. here we describe a cdv outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus panthera. similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to previously described cdv cases in panthera, severe pneumonia was the primary lesion and no viral antigens or cdv-like lesions were detected in the central nervous system. four tigers succumbed to opportun ... | 2021 | 33946447 |
| isolation and characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a fecal sample from a wild boar in japan. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) have been identified in various mammalian species, including humans, bats, and pigs. however, isolation and complete genome sequences of mrvs from wild boars have not yet been reported. in this study, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed an mrv from a free-living wild boar in japan using the porcine-sapelovirus-resistant cell line n1380. complete and empty virus particles were obtained from the n1380 cell culture supernatants, and complete genome sequences were o ... | 2021 | 33839921 |