| relationship between respiration deficiency and azole resistance in clinical candida glabrata. | candida glabrata has become a leading cause of invasive infections around the world and is exhibiting growing resistance to azole antifungals. to study the mechanism of its azole resistance, we analyzed the efflux pumps and found well known increased efflux expression and low metabolic state in all azole-resistant strains. the latter finding led us to further investigate the relationship between respiration status and azole antifungal susceptibility in clinical c. glabrata by growing them on gly ... | 2012 | 22713096 |
| convergent evolution of calcineurin pathway roles in thermotolerance and virulence in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is an emerging human fungal pathogen that is frequently drug tolerant, resulting in difficulties in treatment and a higher mortality in immunocompromised patients. the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin plays critical roles in controlling drug tolerance, hyphal growth, and virulence in diverse fungal pathogens via distinct mechanisms involving survival in serum or growth at host temperature (37° and higher). here, we comprehensively studied the calcineurin signali ... | 2012 | 22690377 |
| doxorubicin selects for fluconazole-resistant petite mutants in candida glabrata isolates. | candida infections are a permanent threat to immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients, and candida glabrata has emerged as a major problem in recent years. resistance may develop during lengthy antifungal therapies and is often mediated by upregulation of fungal drug efflux pumps. during chemotherapy the yeast cell is also exposed to cytotoxic agents that may affect its drug susceptibility. four c. glabrata isolates, three susceptible and one resistant to fluconazole (flu), were inc ... | 2012 | 22664377 |
| proteomic analysis of cellular and membrane proteins in fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is one of the most common causes of candida bloodstream infections worldwide. some isolates of c glabrata may be intermediately resistant to azoles, with some strains developing resistance during therapy or prophylaxis with fluconazole. in this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed proteins between fluconazoleresistant and -susceptible strains. | 2012 | 24159494 |
| anidulafungin for candida glabrata infective endocarditis. | | 2012 | 22644027 |
| fluconazole exposure rather than clonal spreading is correlated with the emergence of candida glabrata with cross-resistance to triazole antifungal agents. | the emergence of antifungal resistance in candida species has raised concern in recent years, especially resistance toward triazole. several newer triazole antifungal agents have been introduced which have a broader spectrum for fungal infections, such as voriconazole. however, cross-resistance among triazoles is a major concern with regard to their clinical application. antifungal susceptibility was performed using e-test for 166 clinical isolates (29 blood and 137 nonblood isolates) in 2003 an ... | 2012 | 22632885 |
| global analysis of the evolution and mechanism of echinocandin resistance in candida glabrata. | the evolution of drug resistance has a profound impact on human health. candida glabrata is a leading human fungal pathogen that can rapidly evolve resistance to echinocandins, which target cell wall biosynthesis and are front-line therapeutics for candida infections. here, we provide the first global analysis of mutations accompanying the evolution of fungal drug resistance in a human host utilizing a series of c. glabrata isolates that evolved echinocandin resistance in a patient treated with ... | 2012 | 22615574 |
| facultative sterol uptake in an ergosterol-deficient clinical isolate of candida glabrata harboring a missense mutation in erg11 and exhibiting cross-resistance to azoles and amphotericin b. | we identified a clinical isolate of candida glabrata (cg156) exhibiting flocculent growth and cross-resistance to fluconazole (flc), voriconazole (vrc), and amphotericin b (amb), with mics of >256, >256, and 32 μg ml(-1), respectively. sterol analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) revealed that cg156 was a sterol 14α-demethylase (erg11p) mutant, wherein 14α-methylated intermediates (lanosterol was >80% of the total) were the only detectable sterols. erg11 sequencing indicate ... | 2012 | 22615281 |
| effects of anidulafungin and voriconazole, singly and in combination, on cytokine/chemokine production by human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with candida glabrata or activated by lipopolysaccharide. | candida glabrata causes infections associated with severe sepsis, production of high concentrations of cytokines/chemokines, and high mortality. this study describes the effects of anidulafungin (anf) and voriconazole (vrc), singly and in combination, on the production of eight cytokines/chemokines by human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) infected with c. glabrata or activated by lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2012 | 22584412 |
| caspofungin etest susceptibility testing of candida species: risk of misclassification of susceptible isolates of c. glabrata and c. krusei when adopting the revised clsi caspofungin breakpoints. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of caspofungin etest and the recently revised clsi breakpoints. a total of 497 blood isolates, of which 496 were wild-type isolates, were included. a total of 65/496 susceptible isolates (13.1%) were misclassified as intermediate (i) or resistant (r). such misclassifications were most commonly observed for candida krusei (73.1%) and candida glabrata (33.1%). the revised breakpoints cannot be safely adopted for these two species. | 2012 | 22564836 |
| atomic structure of the nuclear pore complex targeting domain of a nup116 homologue from the yeast, candida glabrata. | the nuclear pore complex (npc), embedded in the nuclear envelope, is a large, dynamic molecular assembly that facilitates exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. the yeast npc is an eightfold symmetric annular structure composed of ~456 polypeptide chains contributed by ~30 distinct proteins termed nucleoporins. nup116, identified only in fungi, plays a central role in both protein import and mrna export through the npc. nup116 is a modular protein with n-terminal "fg" ... | 2012 | 22544723 |
| [endocarditis due to candida glabrata on a prosthetic valve]. | | 2016 | 22542877 |
| effects of antifungal agents alone and in combination against candida glabrata strains susceptible or resistant to fluconazole. | the rise of candida spp. resistant to classic triazole antifungal agents has led to a search for new therapeutic options. here, we evaluated combinations of antifungals in a checkerboard assay against two groups of candida glabrata strains: one containing fluconazole-susceptible clinical isolates (fs) and another containing fluconazole-resistant laboratory derivative (fr). the most synergistic combination observed was amphotericin b + flucytosine (synergistic for 61.77 % of fs strains and 76.47 ... | 2012 | 22528740 |
| rapid detection of bloodstream pathogens by real-time pcr in patients with sepsis. | rapid detection of bloodstream infections is an important issue for a better patient outcome. the aim of our study was thus to evaluate the lightcycler septifast assay for diagnosis of bloodstream pathogens in a tertiary hospital in western austria. the 71 blood samples of 61 patients with presumed sepsis were investigated and compared with conventional blood culture system results. in both assays, 51 samples (71.8 %) were negative. in 20 positive samples (28.2 %), 10 different pathogens were de ... | 2012 | 22527822 |
| reconstitution of high-level micafungin resistance detected in a clinical isolate of candida glabrata identifies functional homozygosity in glucan synthase gene expression. | a mechanism for the acquisition of high-level echinocandin resistance in candida glabrata was investigated. fks mutants were constructed to: determine whether clinically significant micafungin resistance requires a hot-spot mutation in fks1 and a premature stop codon in fks2, as was observed in a clinical isolate; select for variants with reduced susceptibility and locate mutations in fks genes; and assess the roles of fks1 and fks2. | 2012 | 22514266 |
| the activity of echinocandins, amphotericin b and voriconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant brazilian candida glabrata isolates. | the extensive use of azole antifungal agents has promoted the resistance of candida spp to these drugs. candida glabrata is a problematic yeast because it presents a high degree of primary or secondary resistance to fluconazole. in brazil, c. glabrata has been less studied than other species. in this paper, we compared the activity of three major classes of antifungal agents (azoles, echinocandins and polyenes) against fluconazole-susceptible (fs) and fluconazole-resistant (fr) c. glabrata strai ... | 2012 | 22510843 |
| [candida peritonitis in a haemodynamically stable patient. first choice of antifungal treatment … fluconazole?]. | candida peritonitis in postoperative patients is an independent predictor of mortality. empirical early antifungal therapy should be started in these patients, since according to the results of studies in patients with candidemia, this has an impact on the prognosis. the treatment recommended by clinical practice guidelines in patients with haemodynamic instability are candins, but they do not make explicit recommendations for patients with dysfunction of other organs, or high lactate levels. | 2013 | 22463782 |
| [persistent candidemia in a renal-pancreatic transplant patient]. | in recent decades, there has been an increase in the survival of recipients of solid organ transplants related to the improvement of the surgical technique, the introduction of protocols for immunosuppressive therapy, and the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis. nonetheless, invasive fungal infection (ifi) is currently the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. invasive candidiasis is the most common ifi found after renal transplantation and is usually associated with tot ... | 2012 | 22463781 |
| new regulators of biofilm development in candida glabrata. | biofilm formation plays an important role in fungal pathogenesis. in this work, we used a genetic screen in order to identify and characterize genes involved in the formation of biofilms by the opportunistic fungal pathogen candida glabrata. we identified the cst6p transcription factor as a negative regulator of the epa6 gene that encodes an adhesin central to c. glabrata biofilm formation. analysis of single and double mutant strains showed that cst6p acts in a pathway independent of the yak1/s ... | 2012 | 22426249 |
| recurrent episodes of candidemia due to candida glabrata with a mutation in hot spot 1 of the fks2 gene developed after prolonged therapy with caspofungin. | we report two episodes of recurrent candidemia caused by echinocandin-resistant candida glabrata in a 69-year-old patient who underwent repeated abdominal surgery. in the first episode of candidemia, an echinocandin-susceptible candida glabrata strain was isolated, and the patient was treated with caspofungin. the isolates from the later episodes showed resistance to echinocandins. analysis of the hs1 region of the fks2 gene showed the amino acid substitution s663p. microsatellite analysis demon ... | 2012 | 22391532 |
| differential in vivo activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against candida glabrata isolates with and without fks resistance mutations. | we recently observed that the micafungin mics for some candida glabrata fks hot spot mutant isolates are less elevated than those for the other echinocandins, suggesting that the efficacy of micafungin may be differentially dependent on such mutations. three clinical c. glabrata isolates with or without (s3) fks hot spot mutations r83 (fks2p-s663f) and rr24 (fks1p-s629p) and low, medium, and high echinocandin mics, respectively, were evaluated to assess the in vivo efficacy in an immunocompetent ... | 2012 | 22354305 |
| the epithelial adhesin 1 (epa1p) from the human-pathogenic yeast candida glabrata: structural and functional study of the carbohydrate-binding domain. | the yeast candida glabrata represents the second major cause of clinical candidiasis cases in the world. the ability of this opportunistic pathogen to adhere to human epithelial and endothelial cells relies on the epa adhesins, a large set of cell-wall proteins whose n-terminal domains are endowed with a calcium-dependent lectin activity. this feature allows the yeast cells to adhere to host cells by establishing multiple interactions with the glycans expressed on their cell membrane. the ligand ... | 2012 | 22349222 |
| insertion site preference of mu, tn5, and tn7 transposons. | transposons, segments of dna that can mobilize to other locations in a genome, are often used for insertion mutagenesis or to generate priming sites for sequencing of large dna molecules. for both of these uses, a transposon with minimal insertion bias is desired to allow complete coverage with minimal oversampling. | 2012 | 22313799 |
| candida glabrata renal abscesses in a peritoneal dialysis patient. | | 2015 | 22302932 |
| frequency of decreased susceptibility and resistance to echinocandins among fluconazole-resistant bloodstream isolates of candida glabrata. | the echinocandin class of antifungal agents is considered to be the first-line treatment of bloodstream infections (bsi) due to candida glabrata. recent reports of bsi due to strains of c. glabrata resistant to both fluconazole and the echinocandins are of concern and prompted us to review the experience of two large surveillance programs, the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program for the years 2006 through 2010 and the centers for disease control and prevention population-based surveillance ... | 2012 | 22278842 |
| genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic characterization of candida glabrata during sequential fluconazole exposure. | candida glabrata is a major pathogen in humans known to be intrinsically resistant to fluconazole. however, genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic changes associated with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole are not properly understood. the aim of this study was to observe specific phenotypic, chromosomal, and proteomic alterations in a candida glabrata strain sequentially exposed to fluconazole. | 2011 | 25426605 |
| candida glabrata perinephric abscess. | perinephric abscess is a rare complication of urinary tract infections, and the etiology is usually a gram negative bacillus. we report a case of candida glabrata perinephric abscess in a patient with diabetes mellitus who had a recent episode of pyelonephritis that was treated with antibiotics. percutaneous drainage and fluconazole treatment led to resolution of the infection. yeast perinephric abscess should be considered when symptoms of acute or chronic urinary tract infection occur in elder ... | 2011 | 25610164 |
| gene expression and identification related to fluconazole resistance of candida glabrata strains. | candida glabrata has become one of the most common causes of candida bloodstream infections worldwide. some strains of c. glabrata may be intermediately resistant to all azoles. the several possible mechanisms of azole resistance have been reported previously, but the exact resistant mechanism is not clear. in this study, we identified differentially expressed genes (degs) of fluconazole-resistant c. glabrata and compared the gene expression of fluconazole-resistant strains with that of fluconaz ... | 2010 | 24159438 |
| epidemiology and phospholipase activity of oral candida spp. among patients with central nervous system diseases before and after dental cleaning procedure. | patients suffering of diseases that affect central nervous system may be considered more susceptible to the infectious diseases of mouth. sixty-nine patients suffering of cerebral palsy, down's syndrome and metal retardation were submitted to saliva examination for the presence of candida spp. before and after a procedure of dental cleaning. the isolates were submitted to assay for verifying phospholipase production. 55.10% of the patients provided isolation of candida spp. the frequency of isol ... | 2010 | 24031457 |
| candida glabrata esophagitis: new case reports and management. | candida esophagitis (ce) is a common opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised host. c. glabrata is rarely cited as agent of ce and has been underestimated due to lack of proper identification. in this study, two cases of c. glabrata esophagitis in aids and chagasic patients are reported. diagnosis of candida species should be considered an important key for the ideal choice of antifungal therapy against this mycosis. | 2008 | 24031216 |
| possible chromosomal location for the killer determinant in torulopsis glabrata. | we have used cytoduction and protoplast fusion to characterise the killer trait in torulopsis glabrata. killer trait could not be transferred by cytoduction to a non-killer strain of t. glabrata suggesting that the determinant(s) is/are not present in the cytoplasm. consistent with this interpretation is the observation that all fusion products, where chromosomes of both the parents are represented, are killers. non-killer segregants could be isolated from fusion products after treatment with be ... | 1984 | 24177585 |
| segregation and transmission of mitochondrial markers in fusion products of the asporogenous yeast torulopsis glabrata. | using a protoplast fusion technique we have been able to locate to the mitochondrial genome of the asporogenous yeast torulopsis glabrata mutations conferring resistance to oligomycin, antimycin and diuron. when two strains differing in the size of their mtdnas were fused the mitochondrial markers from the parent with the larger mtdna (71-91) were transmitted predominantly among the fusion products. both genetical and physical evidence support the occurrence of recombination in t. glabrata mitoc ... | 1981 | 24185871 |
| mapping of mitochondrial dna from torulopsis glabrata : location of ribosomal and transfer rna genes. | large and small rrnas have been isolated from mitochondria of the yeast torulopsis glabrata and have been shown to have lengths of 2,700 bases and 1,400 bases respectively. construction of a restriction endonuclease site map of mitochondria) dna has enabled us to position these rrnas by hybridization of labelled rna to dna fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. the large and small mt rrna genes are separated by a minimum of 1,820 by and a maximum of 2,765 by on the 18,870 by mitochondria1 geno ... | 1980 | 24189661 |
| dna interaction, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and molecular docking study of some new vo(ii), cr(iii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) mononuclear chelates encompassing quaridentate imine ligand. | the present study was conducted to synthesis of some new imine cr(iii), vo(ii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) complexes derived from the condensation of 2-amino phenol with 2-hydroxynapthaldehyde were synthesized. the prepared hnpn imine ligand was analyzed by its melting point, ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr spectroscopies. the investigated hnpn imine complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ft ir, uv-vis and thermal analysis (tga) under nitrogen atmosphere from ambient temperature to 750°c. the exp ... | 2017 | 28456118 |
| comparative evaluation of six chromogenic media for presumptive yeast identification. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the discrimination ability of six chromogenic media in presumptive yeast identification. | 2017 | 28663328 |
| progress in definition, prevention and treatment of fungal infections in cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a chronic lethal multi-system condition; however, most of the morbidity and mortality is dependent on the status of the respiratory system. progressive respiratory decline is mediated by chronic infection and inflammation, punctuated by important acute events known as pulmonary exacerbations which can lead to accelerated decline. the main bacterial species causing infections include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and achromobacter xy ... | 2017 | 28762125 |
| evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected saudi scorpion venoms tested against multidrug-resistant micro-organisms. | scorpion venoms are a rich source of bioactive peptides with promising clinical value that may lead to the discovery and development of new drugs. the present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the venoms extracted from three medically important saudi scorpions (androctonus crassicauda, androctonus bicolor and leiurus quinquestriatus). | 2017 | 28587870 |
| an investigation on non-invasive fungal sinusitis; molecular identification of etiologic agents. | fungal sinusitis is increasing worldwide in the past two decades. it is divided into two types including invasive and noninvasive. noninvasive types contain allergic fungal sinusitis (afs) and fungus ball. afs is a hypersensitivity reaction to fungal allergens in the mucosa of the sinonasal tract in atopic individuals. the fungus ball is a different type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis which is delineated as an accumulation of debris and fungal elements inside a paranasal sinus. fungal sinu ... | 2017 | 28616054 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of isavuconazole and comparator voriconazole against 2635 contemporary clinical candida and aspergillus isolates. | the in vitro activity of isavuconazole was determined for 1677 candida and 958 aspergillus isolates from 2012 to 2014 with voriconazole as comparator. | 2017 | 28373148 |
| the global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. | all serious fungal infections need appropriate antifungal therapy for successful patient outcome. only a few classes of antifungal drugs are available, so the emergence of resistance to single drug classes and now multidrug resistance greatly hampers patient management. azole resistance among candida and aspergillus species is one of the greatest challenges to clinical success, followed by echinocandin and multidrug resistance among some candida species, especially candida glabrata. the spread o ... | 2017 | 28774698 |
| successful treatment of pulmonary candidiasis and aspergillosis in patient with refractory hodgkin lymphoma using micafungin - case study and brief literature review. | the number of patients with hematological malignancies who develop invasive fungal disease (ifd) has increased dramatically in recent decades. this increase is attributed to impairment of the host immune system due to intensive cytotoxic chemotherapies, use of corticosteroids and profound immunosuppression after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). additionally, the increasing prevalence of fungal infections caused by emerging and rare pathogens, ifd of mixed etiology or of atypical l ... | 2017 | 28680340 |
| heteroleptic metal(ii) complexes of hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate and diimines: synthesis, theoretical calculations, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies. | a series of heteroleptic metal(ii) complexes of formulation [m(tm)(diimine)](clo4) (1-8), [tm = hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate, diimine = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and m = mn(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) or zn(ii)] have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. the geometric parameters of the complexes were determined using uv-vis spectroscopy and dft calculations. the analyses of homo and lumo have been used to explain the charge transfer within the molecule. antimicrobial ... | 2017 | 28546116 |
| epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of yeast isolates causing invasive infections across urban beijing, china. | to investigate the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolates causing invasive infections across beijing. | 2017 | 28836465 |
| stratum corneum lipid liposome-encapsulated panomycocin: preparation, characterization, and the determination of antimycotic efficacy against candida spp. isolated from patients with vulvovaginitis in an in vitro human vaginal epithelium tissue model. | in this study, a liposomal lyophilized powder formulation of panomycocin was developed for therapeutic purposes against vulvovaginal candidiasis which affects 80% of women worldwide. panomycocin is a potent antimycotic protein secreted by the yeast wickerhamomyces anomalus ncyc 434. this study involved the preparation of panomycocin-loaded stratum corneum lipid liposomes (sclls), characterization of the sclls, and determination of antimycotic efficacy of the formulation against candida albicans ... | 2017 | 28831255 |
| differentiation of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida krusei by ft-ir and chemometrics by chromagar™ candida. | pathogenic candida species are detected in clinical infections. chromagar™ is a phenotypical method used to identify candida species, although it has limitations, which indicates the need for more sensitive and specific techniques. infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) is an analytical vibrational technique used to identify patterns of metabolic fingerprint of biological matrixes, particularly whole microbial cell systems as candida sp. in association of classificatory chemometrics algorithms. on the ot ... | 2017 | 28822772 |
| fungicidal activity of copper-sputtered flexible surfaces under dark and actinic light against azole-resistant candida albicans and candida glabrata. | candida spp. are able to survive on hospital surfaces and causes healthcare-associated infections (hcais). since surface cleaning and disinfecting interventions are not totally effective to eliminate candida spp., new approaches should be devised. copper (cu) has widely recognized antifungal activity and the use of cu-sputtered surfaces has recently been proposed to curb the spread of hcais. moreover, the activity of cu under the action of actinic light remains underexplored. we investigated the ... | 2017 | 28802173 |
| monitoring antifungal resistance in a global collection of invasive yeasts and moulds: application of clsi epidemiological cutoff values and whole genome sequencing analysis for detection of azole resistance in candida albicans. | the activity of 7 antifungal agents was evaluated against 3,557 invasive yeasts and moulds collected in 29 countries worldwide during 2014-2015. epidemiological cutoff values (ecvs) published in the clsi m59 document were applied for species with no clinical breakpoints. echinocandin susceptibility rates were 95.9% to 100.0% for the 5 most common candida species except anidulafungin and c. parapsilosis (88.7% susceptible/100.0% wild-type). fluconazole resistance ranged from 8.0% for c. glabrata ... | 2017 | 28784671 |
| prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of candida species in a tertiary care hospital in islamabad, pakistan. | to determine the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of candida species. | 2017 | 28770873 |
| evaluation of candidemia in epidemiology and risk factors among cancer patients in a cancer center of china: an 8-year case-control study. | candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. this study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvement on current therapeutic strategies and prognosis. | 2017 | 28768479 |
| first reported case of donor related candida endophthalmitis after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. | to report the first case of candida donor to host transmission following descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (dmek). | 2017 | 28761565 |
| changes in the distribution of colonising and infecting candida spp. isolates, antifungal drug consumption and susceptibility in a french intensive care unit: a 10-year study. | monitoring fungal ecology and resistance to antifungal agents within intensive care units (icu) is essential for the management of invasive fungal infections. therefore, a retrospective descriptive study was carried in the icu of nimes university hospital, france, from 2007 to 2016. as the majority of invasive fungal infections in icu are caused by candida species, the study objectives were to describe candida species distribution, to assess candidaemia incidence and to monitor the antifungal dr ... | 2017 | 28758337 |
| candida and porphyromonas gingivalis: the effect on wound closure in vitro. | microorganisms play a role in oral mucositis after cancer therapy. the current study explored the hypothesis that candida spp. alone and together with porphyromonas gingivalis cause delayed healing of oral ulcerations due to the inhibition of wound closure. an in vitro scratch assay model was used to study the influence of viable and heat-killed candida glabrata, candida kefyr, and candida albicans on cell migration of oral epithelial cells. separately, the effect of conditioned medium of candid ... | 2017 | 28748033 |
| anticandidal activity of extracts and a novel compound, amnomopin, isolated from petriella setifera. | a novel triterpenoidal compound named 'amnomopin' (3β-diglucoside-5,12-28-oic acid), which is named iupac as 3-o-(2' ➔ 1″diglucoside)1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydro-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethylpicene-4a-carboxylic acid, was isolated from the extract petriella setifera. the total alcoholic extract of p. setifera showed a great activity against clinically isolated candida species, including candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida g ... | 2017 | 28730719 |
| mitochondrial cochaperone mge1 is involved in regulating susceptibility to fluconazole in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida species. | mge1 encodes a yeast chaperone involved in fe-s cluster metabolism and protein import into the mitochondria. in this study, we identified mge1 as a multicopy suppressor of susceptibility to the antifungal fluconazole in the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae we demonstrate that this phenomenon is not exclusively dependent on the integrity of the mitochondrial dna or on the presence of the drug efflux pump pdr5. instead, we show that the increased dosage of mge1 plays a protective role by retai ... | 2017 | 28720726 |
| unexpected effects of azole transporter inhibitors on antifungal susceptibility in candida glabrata and other pathogenic candida species. | the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata is often resistant to azole antifungal agents. drug efflux through azole transporters, such as cdr1 and cdr2, is a key mechanism of azole resistance and these genes are under the control of the transcription factor pdr1. recently, the monoamine oxidase a (mao-a) inhibitor clorgyline was shown to inhibit the azole efflux pumps, leading to increased azole susceptibility in c. glabrata. in the present study, we have evaluated the effects of clorgyline on susce ... | 2017 | 28700656 |
| evaluation of mir-146a expression level in macrophages exposed to candida glabrata. | micrornas are small non-coding rnas with 19-24 nucleotides in length. up- or down-regulation of many mirnas has been shown by stimulation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in the innate immune system. up-regulation of mir-146a has been reported by both tlr and heat-killed candida albicans. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of mir-146a in cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) infected by candida glabrata at 12, 24, and 48 hours. | 2016 | 28681015 |
| use of rna-protein complexes for genome editing in non-albicans candida species. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)-cas9 genome modification systems have greatly facilitated the genetic analysis of fungal pathogens. in crispr-cas9 genome editing methods designed for use in candida albicans, dnas that encode the necessary components are expressed in the target cells. unfortunately, expression constructs that work efficiently in c. albicans are not necessarily expressed well in other pathogenic species within the genus candida or the related genu ... | 2017 | 28657070 |
| isolation, speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida isolates from various clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital, nepal. | candida species are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases along with increased resistance to antifungal drugs has made a serious concern. resistance to antifungal agents has increased during the last decade. thus, identification of candida up to species level and its antifungal susceptibility testing has a paramount significance in the management of candidal infections. the aim of the study was to speciate candida s ... | 2017 | 28646915 |
| the fungal pathogen candida glabrata does not depend on surface ferric reductases for iron acquisition. | iron acquisition is a crucial virulence determinant for many bacteria and fungi, including the opportunistic fungal pathogens candida albicans and c. glabrata. while the diverse strategies used by c. albicans for obtaining iron from the host are well-described, much less is known about the acquisition of this micronutrient from host sources by c. glabrata - a distant relative of c. albicans with closer evolutionary ties to saccharomyces cerevisiae, which nonetheless causes severe clinical sympto ... | 2017 | 28642757 |
| comparison of the vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility system with etest using clinical isolates of candida species. | candida species are part of the normal human microbiota. however, in recent years, nosocomial bloodstream candida infections have emerged as a significant problem ranking the fourth common cause of fungemia in intensive care units. although microdilution methods are the ones recommended for susceptibility testing, they are difficult to undertake in the clinical practice. thus, an automated commercially available test is ideal. | 2017 | 28622982 |
| antifungal activity of tyrosol and farnesol used in combination against candida species in the planktonic state or forming biofilms. | this study examined the antifungal activity of the combination of tyrosol and farnesol against candida albicans and candida glabrata in the planktonic state or forming biofilms. | 2017 | 28622460 |
| invasive candidiasis in brescia, italy: analysis of species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities during seven years. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the epidemiology of nosocomial candidemia in a large teaching hospital in brescia, italy, and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of isolates. we analyzed 196 isolates causing fungemia in patients admitted in our hospital, between january 2009 and december 2015. strains were identified by vitek 2 and maldi-tof ms. mics were determined by sensititre yeast onetm. the resistance was defined by using the revised clsi breakpoints/epidemiological cutoff value ... | 2017 | 28597394 |
| vaginal candida spp. genomes from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. | candida albicans is the predominant cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). little is known regarding the genetic diversity of candida spp. in the vagina or the microvariations in strains over time that may contribute to the development of vvc. this study reports the draft genome sequences of four c. albicans and one c. glabrata strains isolated from women with vvc. an snp-based whole-genome phylogeny indicates that these isolates are closely related; however, phylogenetic distances between the ... | 2017 | 28582496 |
| the essential oil of allium sativum as an alternative agent against candida isolated from dental prostheses. | the colonization of the surfaces of dental prostheses by candida albicans is associated with the development of denture stomatitis. in this context, the use of fluconazole has been proposed, but its disadvantage is microbial resistance. meanwhile, the oil of allium sativum has shown an effect in controlling biofilm formation by c. albicans. | 2017 | 28578870 |
| synthesis, characterization, and in vitro activity against candida spp. of fluconazole encapsulated on cationic and conventional nanoparticles of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). | in this study, nanoparticles (nps) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) loaded with fluconazole (flz) and flz-nps coated with the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (pei) (flz-np-pei) were synthetized in order to improve antimycotic activity against four strains of candida spp. of clinical relevance. flz-nps and flz-np-pei were synthesized by double emulsion solvent-diffusion (des-d) and characterized. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) and minimum fungicide concentration (mfc) were dete ... | 2017 | 28572725 |
| auxanographic carbohydrate assimilation method for large scale yeast identification. | the auxanographic carbohydrate assimilation had been an important method for differentiation of yeasts. prevailing methods described in the literature for carbohydrate assimilation has limited scope for use in large scale yeast identification. | 2017 | 28571137 |
| cellular conditions that modulate the fungicidal activity of occidiofungin. | to identify cellular conditions that significantly alter susceptibility of saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans and candida glabrata to the antimicrobial peptide, occidiofungin. | 2017 | 28556561 |
| usefulness of the non-conventional caenorhabditis elegans model to assess candida virulence. | invasive candidiasis is caused mainly by candida albicans, but other candida species have increasing etiologies. these species show different virulence and susceptibility levels to antifungal drugs. the aims of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of the non-conventional model caenorhabditis elegans to assess the in vivo virulence of seven different candida species and to compare the virulence in vivo with the in vitro production of proteinases and phospholipases, hemolytic activity and bi ... | 2017 | 28523422 |
| fungal profile of vulvovaginal candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is a common medical health problem of adult women. it is most commonly caused by candida albicans. but there is a change in fungal profile. sabouraud's dextrose agar (sda) is the most common culture medium used where mixed fungal infection may be missed. it can be detected easily by using chromogenic culture medium. | 2017 | 28511380 |
| candidiasis: prevalence and resistance profiling in a tertiary care hospital of pakistan. | to determine candida colonisation/infection in renal transplant patients and to determine the resistance pattern against antifungal drugs. | 2017 | 28507352 |
| co2 sensing in fungi: at the heart of metabolic signaling. | adaptation to the changing environmental co2 levels is essential for all living cells. in particular, microorganisms colonizing and infecting the human body are exposed to highly variable concentrations, ranging from atmospheric 0.04 to 5% and more in blood and specific host niches. carbonic anhydrases are highly conserved metalloenzymes that enable fixation of co2 by its conversion into bicarbonate. this process is not only crucial to ensure the supply of adequate carbon amounts for cellular me ... | 2017 | 28493119 |
| genotyping of clinical isolates of candida glabrata from iran by multilocus sequence typing and determination of population structure and drug resistance profile. | candida glabrata is often the second most common causative agent for candidiasis following candida albicans. despite the importance of c. glabrata infections, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on this issue. the goal of this study was genotyping of clinical isolates of c. glabrata by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technique for determination of the endemic prevalent genotypes and any association between isolation source and drug resistance. a total of 50 c. glabrata clinical iso ... | 2017 | 28482076 |
| an in vitro study of isolation of candidal strains in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radiation therapy and quantitative analysis of the various strains using chromagar. | patients undergoing radiation therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) have an increased risk of developing oral candidiasis. radiation-induced hyposalivation is thought to be a major predisposing factor for it. radiation therapy for 2-3 weeks leads to increase in the number of candidal species in the oral cavity, eventually leading to oral candidiasis. | 2017 | 28479680 |
| efficacy of anidulafungin in 539 patients with invasive candidiasis: a patient-level pooled analysis of six clinical trials. | to evaluate the efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in a large dataset, including patients with deep-seated tissue candidiasis, neutropenia and infection due to non- albicans candida species. | 2017 | 28459966 |
| the antibiotic polymyxin b exhibits novel antifungal activity against fusarium species. | the genus fusarium comprises many species, including fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides, and causes severe infections in plants and humans. in clinical settings, fusarium is the third most frequent mould to cause invasive fungal infections after aspergillus and the mucorales. f. solani and f. oxysporum are the most prevalent fusarium spp. causing clinical disease. however, few effective antifungal drugs are available to treat human and plant fu ... | 2017 | 28433743 |
| oral mycobiome in community-dwelling elderly and its relation to oral and general health conditions. | oral fungal infection is generally associated with dysbiosis related to antibiotic use, immunodeficiency, or frailty. however, fungal colonization in a typical population without apparent symptoms and its associated conditions are poorly understood. in this study, oral fungal colonization in community-dwelling and independently living elderly populations was evaluated and factors affecting fungal colonization were analyzed. | 2017 | 28419681 |
| in vitro combination therapy with isavuconazole against candida spp. | combination therapy may be an alternative therapeutic approach for difficult-to-treat candida infections with the aim of increasing efficacy of antifungal therapy. whether isavuconazole, an extended-spectrum triazole, possesses synergistic activity in combination therapy with echinocandins or polyenes for the treatment of invasive candidiasis has not been studied. we used bliss independence drug interaction analysis and time-kill assays to examine the in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with ... | 2017 | 28204571 |
| in vitro activity of the novel echinocandin cd101 at ph 7 and 4 against candida spp. isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. | the novel echinocandin cd101 has stability properties amenable to topical formulation for use in the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) and recurrent vvc (rvvc). cd101 has demonstrated potent antifungal activity at ph 7, but assessment of its activity at the physiological ph of the vaginal environment is needed. | 2017 | 28158577 |
| evaluation of the antifungal activities of various extracts from pistacia atlantica desf. | despite the availability of various treatments for fungal diseases, there are some limitations in the management of these conditions due to multiple treatment-related side-effects. the present study was designed to investigate the antifungal properties of different extracts from pistacia atlantica desf. | 2015 | 28680993 |
| phenotypic and molecular evaluation of echinocandin susceptibility of candida glabrata, candida bracarensis, and candida nivariensis strains isolated during 30 years in argentina. | the echinocandin susceptibilities of 122 candida glabrata complex strains (including 5 candida nivariensis and 3 candida bracarensis strains) were evaluated by microdilution and compared with the results from a molecular tool able to detect fks mutations. no echinocandin resistance was detected. the pcr results coincide with the mic data in 99.25% of the cases (1 c. glabrata strain was misidentified as resistant) but were 20 h faster. c. nivariensis fks genes were sequenced and showed difference ... | 2017 | 28461313 |
| enantioselective bioreduction of benzo-fused cyclic ketones with engineered candida glabrata ketoreductase 1 - a promising synthetic route to ladostigil (tv3326). | biocatalysis has been recently emerging as a promising alternative to traditional chemical synthesis because of its "green" characteristics and comparable selectivities, which accord with the concept of sustainable development and demand for asymmetric synthesis. in this study, whole-cell biocatalysts containing glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) and candida glabrata ketoreductase 1 (cgkr1) variants were constructed. these biocatalysts were applied to the reduction of benzo-fused cyclic ketones and sho ... | 2017 | 28848953 |
| isocoumarin derivatives from the endophytic fungus, pestalotiopsis sp. | five new isocoumarin derivatives, pestalactone a-c (1-3) and pestapyrone d-e (4-5), together with two known compounds (6-7) were isolated from the solid cultures of the endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis sp. obtained from photinia frasery. their structures were mainly determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, mo2(ococh3)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ecd), and ecd calculation. compounds 1 and 2 were rare isocoumarin derivatives and derived from distinctive polyketide pathways. comp ... | 2017 | 28842359 |
| potential use of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for rapid detection of antifungal resistance in the human pathogen candida glabrata. | the echinocandins are relatively new antifungal drugs that represent, together with the older azoles, the recommended and/or preferred agents to treat candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis in human patients. if "time is of the essence" to reduce the mortality for these infections, the administration of appropriate antifungal therapy could be accelerated by the timely reporting of laboratory test results. in this study, we attempted to validate a maldi-tof mass spectrometry-based as ... | 2017 | 28831086 |
| comparison of genome engineering using the crispr-cas9 system in c. glabrata wild-type and lig4 strains. | candida glabrata is reported as the second most prevalent human opportunistic fungal pathogen in north america and is threatening patients all over the world. its incidence is rising, while it has developed resistance to the most widely used antifungal drugs, necessitating new approaches based on better insight into the biology of the organism. despite its close phylogenetic relationship with saccharomyces cerevisiae, generating precise genomic alterations in this species is problematic. previou ... | 2017 | 28822858 |
| (1→3)-β-d-glucan assay in monitoring response to anti-fungal therapy in fungal endocarditis. | a case is reported of candida glabrata infective endocarditis (ie) treated without surgical intervention. the study aim was to: (i) briefly discuss the outcomes of other documented cases of fungal ie managed medically with fluconazole; (ii) discuss the (1→3)-β-d-glucan assay and its previously studied role in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections; and (iii) examine a possible application of the (1→3)-β-d-glucan assay to monitor response to antifungal treatment in patients with candida endo ... | 2017 | 28820552 |
| voriconazole antifungal prophylaxis in children with malignancies: a nationwide study. | antifungal prophylaxis (afp) is recommended in at-risk hematology-oncology patients. we evaluated the safety of afp with voriconazole (vrc) in pediatric hematology/oncology patients. | 2017 | 28816795 |
| relationship between the antifungal susceptibility profile and the production of virulence-related hydrolytic enzymes in brazilian clinical strains of candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is a facultative intracellular opportunistic fungal pathogen in human infections. several virulence-associated attributes are involved in its pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, modulation of host immune defenses, and regulation of antifungal drug resistance. this study evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile to five antifungal agents, the production of seven hydrolytic enzymes related to virulence, and the relationship between these phenotypes in 91 clini ... | 2017 | 28814823 |
| lumbar spinal candida glabrata treated without surgical intervention: a case report. | candida glabrata is a low virulent commensal fungal organism that, rarely, can cause osteomyelitis. diagnosis of such an infection is often difficult as the case typically presents with an insidious onset of back pain and minimally elevated biomarkers of inflammation. furthermore, it is difficult to eradicate and often resistant to common antifungals. a 61-year-old man presented with an eight-month history of persistent low back pain which had unsuccessfully been managed by his primary care phy ... | 2017 | 28744418 |
| emergence of candida glabrata in vulvovaginal candidiasis should be attributed to selective pressure or virulence ability? | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is one of the most frequent female genital disorders and candida glabrata is the second most common agent. current study was aimed to study the susceptibility to antifungal agents of c. glabrata isolated from vaginal samples and some virulence attributes in order to better understand why this species is emerging as the main vvc agents. | 2017 | 28730269 |
| characterization of culturable yeast species associating with whole crop corn and total mixed ration silage. | this study aims to investigate the association of yeast species with improved aerobic stability of total mixed ration (tmr) silages with prolonged ensiling, and clarify the characteristics of yeast species and their role during aerobic deterioration. | 2017 | 28728388 |
| dectin-1 embraces candida glabrata. | | 2017 | 28727942 |
| med15b regulates acid stress response and tolerance in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is a promising producer of organic acids. to elucidate the physiological function of the mediator tail subunit med15b in the response to low ph stress, we constructed a deletion strain, med15bδ, and overexpression strain, htuδ/cgmed15b deletion of med15b caused biomass production, glucose consumption rate, and cell viability to decrease by 28.3%, 31.7%, and 26.5%, respectively, compared with those of the parent strain (htuδ) at ph 2.0. expression of lipid metabolism-related gene ... | 2017 | 28710262 |
| molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern of non-albicans candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is an important problem due to candida spp. the aim of this study was molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of non-albicans candida isolates from vvc. | 2017 | 28688376 |
| molecular basis of antifungal drug resistance in yeasts. | besides inherent differences in in vitro susceptibilities, clinically relevant yeast species may acquire resistance upon exposure to most antifungal drugs used in the clinic. in recent years, major fundamental research studies have been conducted to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of antifungal resistance. this topic is of major interest as antifungal resistance in yeast is correlated to clinical failure and is clearly evolving. in this minireview, we provide an overview includi ... | 2017 | 28669835 |
| epidemiology of antifungal resistance in human pathogenic yeasts: current viewpoint and practical recommendations for management. | in this review, we describe the epidemiology and clinical significance of resistance in candida spp. and other non-cryptococcus yeasts. the rise in echinocandin resistance, azole resistance and cross-resistance to two or more antifungal classes [multidrug resistance (mdr)] has been a worrisome trend, mainly in us large tertiary and oncology centres, particularly as it relates to candida glabrata. candida kefyr is also a concern as it can be resistant to echinocandins and polyenes, especially in ... | 2017 | 28669831 |
| cgmed3 changes membrane sterol composition to help candida glabrata tolerate low-ph stress. | candida glabrata is a promising microorganism for organic acid production. the present study aimed to investigate the role of c. glabrata mediator complex subunit 3 (cgmed3p) in protecting c. glabrata under low-ph conditions. to this end, genes cgmed3a and cgmed3b were deleted, resulting in the double-deletion cgmed3abδ strain. the final biomass and cell viability levels of cgmed3abδ decreased by 64.5% and 35.8%, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain results at ph 2.0. in addition, lack ... | 2017 | 28667115 |
| functional analysis of selected deletion mutants in candida glabrata under hypoxia. | increased drug resistance in candida glabrata (a model non-albicans candida) calls for the identification of potential molecular targets for the development of effective drugs. hypoxia (a state of low oxygen) is an important host factor, which affects the virulence of the pathogen and efficacy of drugs. in the present study, in vitro characterization of 13 null mutants of c. glabrata were done under hypoxic condition (1% o2). these mutants have a major role to play in cellular pathways, viabilit ... | 2017 | 28664376 |
| comparative genomics of two sequential candida glabrata clinical isolates. | candida glabrata is an important fungal pathogen which develops rapid antifungal resistance in treated patients. it is known that azole treatments lead to antifungal resistance in this fungal species and that multidrug efflux transporters are involved in this process. specific mutations in the transcriptional regulator pdr1 result in upregulation of the transporters. in addition, we showed that the pdr1 mutations can contribute to enhance virulence in animal models. in this study, we were intere ... | 2017 | 28663342 |
| galleria mellonella as a host model to study candida glabrata virulence and antifungal efficacy. | | 2017 | 28658597 |
| dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemic candida glabrata infection. | candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen of severe candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts, following c. albicans. although c. glabrata and c. albicans belong to the same genus, they are phylogenetically distinct. c-type lectin receptors (clrs), acting as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs), play critical roles in host defense against c. albicans infections. however, our understanding of the specific roles of clrs in host defense against c. glabrata is limited. here, we explored the p ... | 2017 | 28658592 |